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How to Cite a Thesis or Dissertation in APA

In this citation guide, you will learn how to reference and cite an undergraduate thesis, master’s thesis, or doctoral dissertation. This guide will also review the differences between a thesis or dissertation that is published and one that has remained unpublished. The guidelines below come from the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2020a), pages 333 and 334. Please note that the association is not affiliated with this guide.

Alternatively, you can visit EasyBib.com for helpful citation tools to cite your thesis or dissertation .

Guide Overview

Citing an unpublished thesis or dissertation, citing a published dissertation or thesis from a database, citing a thesis or dissertation published online but not from a database, citing a thesis or dissertation: reference overview, what you need.

Since unpublished theses can usually only be sourced in print form from a university library, the correct citation structure includes the university name where the publisher element usually goes.

Author’s last name, F. M. (Year published). Title in sentence case [Unpublished degree type thesis or dissertation]. Name of institution.

Ames, J. H., & Doughty, L. H. (1911). The proposed plans for the Iowa State College athletic field including the design of a reinforced concrete grandstand and wall [Unpublished bachelor’s thesis]. Iowa State University.

In-text citation example:

• Parenthetical :  (Ames & Doughty, 1911)
• Narrative :  Ames & Doughty (1911)

If a thesis or dissertation has been published and is found on a database, then follow the structure below. It’s similar to the format for an unpublished dissertation/thesis, but with a few differences:

• The institution is presented in brackets after the title
• The archive or database name is included

Author’s last name, F. M. (Year published). Title in sentence case (Publication or Document No.) [Degree type thesis or dissertation, Name of institution]. Database name.

Examples 1:

Knight, K. A. (2011). Media epidemics: Viral structures in literature and new media (Accession No. 2013420395) [Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.

Trotman, J.B. (2018). New insights into the biochemistry and cell biology of RNA recapping (Document No. osu1523896565730483) [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses & Dissertations Center.

In the example given above, the dissertation is presented with a Document Number (Document No.). Sometimes called a database number or publication number, this is the identifier that is used by the database’s indexing system. If the database you are using provides you with such a number, then include it directly after the work’s title in parentheses.

If you are interested in learning more about how to handle works that were accessed via academic research databases, see Section 9.3 of the Publication Manual.

In-text citation examples :

• Parenthetical citation : (Trotman, 2018)
• Narrative citation : Trotman (2018)

Author’s last name, F. M. (Year Published). Title in sentence case [Degree type thesis or dissertation, Name of institution]. Name of archive or collection. URL

Kim, O. (2019). Soviet tableau: cinema and history under late socialism [Doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh]. Institutional Repository at the University of Pittsburgh. https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/37669/7/Olga%20Kim%20Final%20ETD.pdf

Stiles, T. W. (2001). Doing science: Teachers’ authentic experiences at the Lone Star Dinosaur Field Institute [Master’s thesis, Texas A&M University]. OAKTrust. https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S745

It is important to note that not every thesis or dissertation published online will be associated with a specific archive or collection. If the work is published on a private website, provide only the URL as the source element.

In-text citation examples:

• Parenthetical citation : (Kim, 2019)
• Narrative citation : Kim (2019)
• Parenthetical citation : (Stiles, 2001)
• Narrative citation : Stiles (2001)

We hope that the information provided here will serve as an effective guide for your research. If you’re looking for even more citation info, visit EasyBib.com for a comprehensive collection of educational materials covering multiple source types.

If you’re citing a variety of different sources, consider taking the EasyBib citation generator for a spin. It can help you cite easily and offers citation forms for several different kinds of sources.

To start things off, let’s take a look at the different types of literature that are classified under Chapter 10.6 of the Publication Manual :

• Undergraduate thesis
• Master’s thesis
• Doctoral dissertation

You will need to know which type you are citing. You’ll also need to know if it is published or unpublished .

When you decide to cite a dissertation or thesis, you’ll need to look for the following information to use in your citation:

• Author’s last name, and first and middle initials
• Year published
• Title of thesis or dissertation
• If it is unpublished
• Publication or document number (if applicable; for published work)
• Degree type (bachelor’s, master’s, doctoral)
• Thesis or dissertation
• Name of institution awarding degree
• DOI (https://doi.org/xxxxx) or URL (if applicable)

Since theses and dissertations are directly linked to educational degrees, it is necessary to list the name of the associated institution; i.e., the college, university, or school that is awarding the associated degree.

To get an idea of the proper form, take a look at the examples below. There are three outlined scenarios:

• Unpublished thesis or dissertation
• Published thesis or dissertation from a database
• Thesis or dissertation published online but not from a database

American Psychological Association. (2020a). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

American Psychological Association. (2020b). Style-Grammar-Guidelines. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles/parenthetical-versus-narrative

Published August 10, 2012. Updated March 24, 2020.

Written and edited by Michele Kirschenbaum and Elise Barbeau. Michele Kirschenbaum is a school library media specialist and the in-house librarian at EasyBib.com. Elise Barbeau is the Citation Specialist at Chegg. She has worked in digital marketing, libraries, and publishing.

APA Formatting Guide

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To cite a published thesis in APA style, it is important that you know some basic information such as the author, publication year, title of the thesis, institute name, archive name, and URL (uniform resource locator). The templates for an in-text citation and reference list entry of a thesis, along with examples, are given below:

In-text citation template and example:

Use the author surname and the publication year in the in-text citation.

Author Surname (Publication Year)

Cartmel (2007)

Parenthetical:

(Author Surname, Publication Year)

(Cartmel, 2007)

Reference list entry template and example:

The title of the thesis is set in sentence case and italicized. Enclose the thesis and the institute awarding the degree inside brackets following the publication year. Then add the name of the database followed by the URL.

Author Surname, F. M. (Publication Year). Title of the thesis [Master’s thesis, Institute Name]. Name of the Database. URL

Cartmel, J. (2007). Outside school hours care and schools [Master’s thesis, Queensland University of Technology]. EPrints. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/17810/1/Jennifer_Cartmel_Thesis.pdf

To cite an unpublished dissertation in APA style, it is important that you know some basic information such as the author, year, title of the dissertation, and institute name. The templates for in-text citation and reference list entry of an online thesis, along with examples, are given below:

Author Surname (Year)

Averill (2009)

(Author Surname, Year)

(Averill, 2009)

The title of the dissertation is set in sentence case and italicized. Enclose “Unpublished doctoral dissertation” inside brackets following the year. Then add the name of the institution awarding the degree.

Author Surname, F. M. (Publication Year). Title of the dissertation [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Name of the Institute.

Averill, R. (2009). Teacher–student relationships in diverse New Zealand year 10 mathematics classrooms: Teacher care [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Victoria University of Wellington.

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APA Style 7th Edition: Citing Your Sources

• Basics of APA Formatting
• In Text Quick View
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Standard Format

Formatting rules, various examples.

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• Additional Resources
• Reference Page

Adapted from American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed).  https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

Formatting:

• Italicize the title
• Identify whether source is doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis in parentheses after the title

See Ch. 10 pp. 313-352 of APA Manual for more examples and formatting rules

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Theses and dissertations

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A thesis is an unpublished document produced by student as part of the requirements for the degree. They come at various levels (e.g. Honours, Masters, PhD, etc). Check with your lecturer before using a thesis for your assignment.

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Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez, Call Box 9000 Mayagüez, PR 00681     (787) 832-4040 ext. 3810, 2151, 2155    [email protected]

APA Style (7th Edition) Guide: Dissertation/Thesis

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Dissertation/Thesis

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If you access a dissertation or thesis in the database ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, in an archive or in an institutional repository it is considered published. If the publication number is available place it after the title in parentheses. The phrase Doctoral dissertation, Master's thesis or Undergraduate thesis and the name of the university are placed in square brackets, then the name of the database, archive or repository. Only include the URL at the end if the reader will be able to access the document directly.

Kabir, J. M. (2016). Factors influencing customer satisfaction at a fast food hamburger chain: The relationship between customer

       satisfaction and customer loyalty [Doctoral dissertation, Monterey University]. Academic Excellence Archive.

       https://www.exampleurl.edu/12345/67890/Kabir.pdf

       satisfaction and customer loyalty (Publication No. 10169573) [Doctoral dissertation, Wilmington University]. ProQuest

       Dissertations & Theses Global.

If you access a dissertation or thesis in print form or it does not have an online version or the online version is not publicly available, consider it unpublished.

Lopez, L. (2019). Leadership perceptions and practices of high school leaders [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of

Puerto Rico at Mayaguez.

Lopez, L. (2019). Leadership perceptions and practices of high school leaders [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of

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Biblioteca General © 2024 - Universidad de Puerto Rico. Todos los derechos reservados.

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Thesis - from website

Thesis - from database.

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• Executive Orders
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Format for dissertations and theses

Dissertations and theses database.

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Author last name, first initial. (Year).  Title of dissertation/thesis  (Publication No.) [Doctoral dissertation/Master's thesis, University]. Database. URL

• Author:  List the last name, followed by the first initial (and second initial). See  Authors  for more information.
• Year:  List the year between parentheses, followed by a period.
• Title of dissertation/thesis:  In italics. Capitalize the first word of the title, subtitle, and proper nouns.
• Publication number: Can be found in Dissertations and Theses database, listed in the item record as “Dissertation/thesis number.”
• Doctoral dissertation/Master's thesis:  List whether it is a dissertation or a thesis.
• University:  List the university associated with the dissertation/thesis.
• Database:  List database the dissertation/thesis was found in, if found in a database.
• URL:  List URL if found on the free Web rather than in a database.

See specific examples below.

Dissertations:

Pecore, J. T. (2004). Sounding the spirit of Cambodia: The living tradition of Khmer music and dance-drama in a Washington, DC community  (Publication No. 3114720) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. 

Master's Theses:

Hollander, M. M. (2017). Resitance to authority: Methodological innovations and new lessons from the Milgram experiment   (Publication No. 10289373) [Master's thesis, University of Wisconsin - Madison]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

APA calls for the citation to include a unique identifying number for the dissertation, labeling it “Publication No.” That number can be found in Dissertations and Theses database, listed in the item record as “Dissertation/thesis number.”

Karamanos, X. (2020). The influence of professional development models on student mathematics performance in New Jersey public elementary schools [Doctoral dissertation, Seton Hall University]. Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs). https://scholarship.shu.edu/dissertations/2732

Bordo, V. C. (2011). Making a case for the use of foreign language in the educational activities of nonprofit arts organizations [Master's thesis, University of Akron]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses & Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1311135640

Caprette, C. L. (2005). Conquering the cold shudder: The origin and evolution of snake eyes  [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University].

Angelova, A. N. (2004). Data pruning  [Master's thesis, California Institute of Technology].

See  Publication Manual , 10.6.

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How to Cite a Thesis in APA

Last Updated: January 31, 2023

This article was co-authored by wikiHow staff writer, Jennifer Mueller, JD . Jennifer Mueller is a wikiHow Content Creator. She specializes in reviewing, fact-checking, and evaluating wikiHow's content to ensure thoroughness and accuracy. Jennifer holds a JD from Indiana University Maurer School of Law in 2006. This article has been viewed 10,655 times.

When you're using a thesis as a reference for a research paper, your citation format will vary depending on where you found the thesis. With the American Psychological Association (APA) citation method, if the thesis was published, you would use the same format you would normally use for a book or journal article. However, your in-text citation and reference list entry will vary if you're referencing an unpublished thesis. [1] X Research source

Crafting an In-Text Citation

• For example, you might write: "However, people's cupcake flavor preference is not correlated to their favorite color (Baker 2018)."

• For example, you might write: "According to Baker (2018), people whose favorite color was purple were not necessarily fond of grape-flavored cupcakes."

• For example, you might write: "As late as 2017, scholars suspected that people's favorite foods corresponded with their favorite colors. However, in 2018, Baker's research showed that there was no correlation between people's favorite colors and their favorite cupcake flavors, indicating the correlation between foods and colors may be overstated."

• The citation goes outside the closing quotation marks but inside the closing punctuation for short quotes. For block quotes, place the citation outside the closing punctuation for the quote.
• If you included the author's name in your text, place the year immediately after the author's name. Then place a parenthetical after the quote with only the page number or range.

Parenthetical In-Text Citation Format for a Direct Quote:

(Author Year, p. #).

Including a Reference List Entry

• Example: Baker, C. F.

• Example: Baker, C. F. (2018).

• Example: Baker, C. F. (2018). Constant craving: Assessing the correlation between color and flavor based on self-professed preferences (Unpublished master's thesis).

• Do not abbreviate place names. Omit the name of the city if it is included in the name of the university.
• Example: Baker, C. F. (2018). Constant craving: Assessing the correlation between color and flavor based on self-professed preferences (Unpublished master's thesis). Candyland University, Narnia.

APA Reference List Entry — Unpublished Thesis

Author, A. A. (Year). Title in sentence case: Subtitle in sentence case (Unpublished [level] thesis). University Name, University Location.

Expert Q&A

• This article provides guidance on how to cite an unpublished thesis in APA format. If the thesis is published, use the format that corresponds to the medium in which you found the thesis. [10] X Research source Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

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• ↑ http://libraryguides.vu.edu.au/apa-referencing/theses
• ↑ https://aut.ac.nz.libguides.com/APA6th/theses
• ↑ http://aut.ac.nz.libguides.com/APA6th/intextcitation
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_other_print_sources.html

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How to Cite a Thesis in APA: A Comprehensive Guide to Proper Citations

Citing a thesis in APA format is a critical skill for students and researchers alike. This blog post will guide you through the essentials of APA citation for theses, ensuring your academic work adheres to widely accepted standards.

The American Psychological Association (APA) citation style is commonly used in the social sciences, education, and psychology fields. It provides a consistent framework for referencing sources, including theses.

Key Components of a Thesis Citation in APA

An APA citation for a thesis includes several key components: the author’s name, publication year, thesis title, university name, and the URL or database name (if applicable).

These elements are arranged in a specific order and format to ensure clarity and uniformity in scholarly communication. Understanding and correctly applying these components is crucial for accurate and ethical academic writing.

Why Accurate Citation Matters

Accurate citation is vital for several reasons. It acknowledges the original author’s work, provides readers with the context and sources of your research, and helps avoid plagiarism. Proper citation is not just a formal requirement; it’s a sign of academic integrity and respect within the research community.

For expert assistance in crafting your thesis and ensuring accurate APA citations, consider the specialized services offered at thesisrush.com , a resource dedicated to supporting students with their academic writing challenges.

Step-by-Step Guide to Citing a Thesis in APA

1. formatting the author’s name and publication year.

When citing a thesis in APA format, begin with the author’s last name followed by a comma, then the initial(s) of their first and middle names (if available).

After the author’s name, include the publication year in parentheses. This information is crucial as it identifies the thesis’s creator and the time of its creation, helping readers locate the source.

2. Citing the Thesis Title and University Name

Next, include the title of the thesis in sentence case, capitalizing only the first word and any proper nouns. Italicize the title to distinguish it from other elements of the citation.

Following the title, state the name of the university where the thesis was submitted. This detail provides context about the academic environment in which the research was conducted.

3. Including the URL or Database Name

If the thesis is available online, conclude the citation with the URL or the name of the database where it can be found.

This information is crucial in the digital age, as it allows readers to access the source material directly. Make sure the URL is accurate and leads to the specific document to ensure ease of access for your audience.

Examples of Thesis Citations in APA Format

Citing an Unpublished Thesis

When citing an unpublished thesis, the format slightly differs from a published one. An example of an unpublished thesis citation in APA format would be:

• Doe, J. (2020). Exploring Behavioral Patterns in Early Childhood Education (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Education.

This example demonstrates how to format each element, from the author’s name to the university’s name, for an unpublished thesis.

Citing a Published Thesis from a Database

For a published thesis retrieved from a database, the citation includes the database name or URL. An example is:

• Smith, A. B. (2018). A Comparative Study of Cognitive Development in Children (Doctoral dissertation, University of Psychology). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

This citation shows the inclusion of the database where the thesis can be accessed, a crucial detail for published theses.

Citing an Online Thesis

Citing a thesis found online requires including the direct URL. An example of this citation is:

• Lee, C. (2019). Innovative Teaching Methods in Higher Education. The University of Learning. Retrieved from (here you will insert URL)

This example illustrates the format for citing a thesis available on a university’s digital repository, emphasizing the inclusion of a retrievable URL.

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

Inaccurate author details.

One common mistake is inaccurately recording the author’s name or initials. Always double-check these details against the original source to ensure accuracy.

Incorrect Title Formatting

Another error is incorrect title formatting. Remember, the thesis title should be in sentence case and italicized. Paying attention to these details is crucial for consistency in APA citations.

Overlooking the University Name and URL

Omitting the university name or the URL (for online theses) can lead to incomplete citations. Ensure every element of the citation is included and correctly formatted.

Advanced Tips

Incorporating Direct Quotes from a Thesis

When including direct quotes from a thesis, it’s important to provide page numbers in the citation. This helps readers locate the specific part of the thesis you’re referencing. For instance:

• Doe, J. (2020). Exploring Behavioral Patterns in Early Childhood Education (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Education. (p. 45).

This citation shows how to incorporate a page number, enhancing the accuracy and usefulness of your reference.

Citing a Thesis with Multiple Authors

In cases where a thesis has multiple authors, list them in the order they appear in the source. Use an ampersand (&) before the last author’s name. For example:

• Doe, J., & Smith, A. B. (2018). A Comparative Study of Cognitive Development in Children. University of Psychology.

This format acknowledges all contributors, maintaining the integrity of your citation.

Handling Missing Information

Sometimes, certain information like the publication year or university name might be missing. In such cases, use placeholders like “n.d.” (no date) or provide as much information as possible. Be thorough in your search for information to minimize these occurrences.

Utilizing APA Citation Tools and Resources

Online generators.

There are numerous online tools available to assist with APA citation. These generators can automatically format your references, but it’s important to double-check their accuracy. Examples include Citation Machine and BibMe.

Academic Databases and Libraries

Academic databases and university libraries often provide guides and resources for APA citation. Utilizing these resources ensures that your citations are aligned with the latest APA standards.

Consultation with Instructors or Librarians

When in doubt, consulting with your instructor or a librarian can provide clarity and ensure that your citations are correct. Their expertise can be invaluable, especially for complex or unusual citation scenarios.

Concluding Thoughts

Mastering APA citations for theses is a fundamental skill for students and researchers. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of the process, from understanding the basics to correctly formatting each citation component.

By following these guidelines, you can ensure your academic work adheres to the highest standards of scholarly communication , maintaining integrity and credibility in your field.

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Cite a Thesis

Don't let plagiarism errors spoil your paper

Consider your source's credibility. ask these questions:, contributor/author.

• Has the author written several articles on the topic, and do they have the credentials to be an expert in their field?
• Can you contact them? Do they have social media profiles?
• Have other credible individuals referenced this source or author?
• Book: What have reviews said about it?
• What do you know about the publisher/sponsor? Are they well-respected?
• Do they take responsibility for the content? Are they selective about what they publish?
• Take a look at their other content. Do these other articles generally appear credible?
• Does the author or the organization have a bias? Does bias make sense in relation to your argument?
• Is the purpose of the content to inform, entertain, or to spread an agenda? Is there commercial intent?
• Are there ads?
• When was the source published or updated? Is there a date shown?
• Does the publication date make sense in relation to the information presented to your argument?
• Does the source even have a date?
• Was it reproduced? If so, from where?
• If it was reproduced, was it done so with permission? Copyright/disclaimer included?
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Dissertation (thesis): how to cite in APA (7th ed.)?

Create a spot-on reference in apa 7 and 6, basic rules.

APA Style (seventh edition) sets common rules for citing dissertations and diploma theses in a list of references. According to these requirements, to cite a dissertation or thesis, one should include the following data in the reference: data of the author, title of the work, its type, and university.

If the text of the work was obtained online by means of a specialised database or institutional repository, the name of the database or repository should be provided as well, together with the URL (if the URL allows the readers accessing the text of the work).

How to cite in a bibliography

Published dissertation or thesis.

Basic reference template:

Author . ( Year ). Work title [ Work type , University ]. Database . URL

Note : provide the type of work and the grade in place of the ‘Work type’ element (for example, ‘Doctoral dissertation’, ‘Master’s thesis’, etc.).

If a dissertation (thesis) published in an online database or repository has a unique number assigned to it, the publication number should be indicated in round brackets after the work title without italics.

Unpublished dissertation or thesis

Author . ( Year ). Work Title [Unpublished work type ]. University .

Note: if a work can only be obtained in print form from a university or other institution, it is considered to be an unpublished work.

Examples of references

Markell,   K. (2019). Ecclesiology and adaptive change: A qualitative study of Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) congregations in the Northwest Regional Christian Church (Publication No. 28031160) [Doctoral dissertation, Seattle University]. PQDT Open. https://pqdtopen.proquest.com/doc/2427527679.html?FMT=AI

Skaria,   R. (2020). Machine learning and deep phenotyping towards predictive analytics and therapeutic strategy in cardiac surgery [Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona]. UA Campus Repository. https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/620615

Aragon, L. (2003). Factors to consider when selecting paraprofessionals for participation in a teacher preparation program [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado at Denver.

Other citation styles:

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How To Cite A Dissertation APA 7th Edition Style Guideline

In the academic world, proper citations are the cornerstone of research integrity. They not only acknowledge the work of others but also guide readers to the source for further exploration.

If you’ve ever wondered “how to cite a dissertation APA 7th edition,” you’re not alone. Many scholars and students grapple with the nuances of the APA 7th edition format, especially when citing dissertations. This article will provide a step-by-step guide on how to cite a dissertation in APA 7th edition format, ensuring your work stands out for its academic rigor rather than citation errors.

So, whether you’re an academic, a student, or a curious reader, this guide will shed light on the intricacies of APA dissertation formatting practices. Let’s dive right in!

Table of Contents

What is apa citation, what is the 7th edition apa citation, how to cite a dissertation in apa 7th edition, additional information on apa 7th edition dissertation citation.

The American Psychological Association (APA) citation style is one of the most widely used formats for scholarly writing, especially in the social sciences. Another common writing formats include MLA (click to learn more about citing a thesis in MLA ) and Chicago styles.

At its core, APA citation is a set of rules and guidelines that scholars use to ensure their work’s clarity, consistency, and credibility. Citations serve as bridges, connecting readers to the sources of information, allowing them to verify facts, delve deeper into topics, and give credit to original authors.

The APA citation system involves two primary components:

• In-text citations: These are brief references within the body of the text that direct readers to the full citation in the reference list.
• Reference list: Located at the end of a document, this comprehensive list provides full details of all sources cited in the text.

The APA periodically updates its style manual to accommodate the evolving needs of academic writing and the dynamics of publishing. The 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual, released in October 2019, introduced several changes to the previous version.

Here’s what you need to know about the APA style 7th edition:

Student Papers: Unlike previous editions, the 7th edition provides formatting guidelines for student papers, distinguishing them from professional papers intended for publication. Simplified In-text Citation: The 7th edition allows using the singular “they” as an inclusive pronoun and has done away with the requirement to include “doi:” in front of DOIs. Increased Flexibility: The updated edition offers more flexibility in font choices and introduces new guidelines for citing online sources, reflecting the digital age’s prevalence. Reference List: The format for multiple authors in the reference list has been simplified, and there are clearer guidelines on how to cite a dissertation, how to cite a thesis APA, and other unique source types.

This 7th edition underscores the APA’s commitment to staying current and provides scholars with tools to present their work in a structured, clear, and consistent manner.

Whether looking into APA report citation, APA citation dissertation, or figuring out how to cite a report in APA, this 7th APA style edition has streamlined the process.

Dissertations, being significant academic works, often serve as invaluable sources of information. Knowing how to cite a dissertation APA 7th is crucial for academic writers and students. Here’s a detailed guide to help you navigate this specific citation:

Author’s Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year). Title of dissertation [Degree type]. Academic Institution. URL or Database Name

Example: Smith, J. A. (2020). Exploring the impacts of climate change on marine life [Doctoral dissertation, University of California]. Academic Database.

Example: Doe, M. L. (2019). The History of Urban Architecture in New York [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. New York University.

Example: Brown, T. R. (2018). A Study on Sustainable Agriculture Practices in the Midwest [Master’s thesis, University of Illinois]. University Archive.

Example: Williams, K. P. (2017). Social Media’s Role in Modern Politics [Doctoral dissertation, Oxford University]. https://www.oxford.edu/dissertations/williams2017

Now that you know how to cite a dissertation, you must ensure that all the details you supply are accurate. This gives due credit to the original author and helps readers trace back to the original source for further exploration. Remember, proper citation is a hallmark of good academic practice.

Here are some extra details about APA 7th Edition citations to keep in mind when working on dissertation proofreading :

Avoid plagiarism Provide readers with the tools to delve deeper into topics. Contribute to the academic discourse by situating your research within a broader context.

The use of singular “they” as an inclusive pronoun. Specific formats for different source types, like podcasts, tweets, and more. Guidance on using font styles and sizes that enhance readability.

Get Citation Help Today

Now that you have all the information on how to cite in APA 7th Edition correctly you can proceed to work on your dissertation. However, you might be feeling stuck, or are running out of time. This is where our editing service might come in handy. You can get in touch with our professional writers who will help you finish up your dissertation or help with with formatting a research paper . You will receive the highest scores!

What is the main difference between APA 6th and APA 7th edition citations?

The APA 7th edition introduced several changes from the 6th edition, including guidelines for student papers, more flexibility in font choices, simplified in-text citations, and clearer guidelines for citing unique sources like dissertations.

Do I need to include the database name when citing a published dissertation?

Yes, for published dissertations available on a database, you should include the name of the database and the accession or order number at the end of the citation.

How do I cite an unpublished dissertation in APA 7th edition?

For unpublished dissertations, replace the database name with the phrase “Unpublished doctoral dissertation” and then list the university.

For instance, Doe, M. L. (2019). The history of urban architecture in New York [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. New York University.

Is there a difference between citing a doctoral dissertation and a master’s thesis in APA 7th edition?

Yes, when citing a master’s thesis, you’d specify a master’s thesis in the citation.

For example: Brown, T. R. (2018). A study on sustainable agriculture practices in the Midwest [Master’s thesis, University of Illinois]. University Archive.

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APA Dissertation Citation – Format & Examples

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Depending on the institution awarding the degree, the terms thesis and dissertation might have distinct meanings. To find out exactly what the work is, always look at the title page or subsequent pages, and then utilize that information as a reference. For those working in a specific citation format such as APA, examining APA examples related to thesis and dissertation citations can further clarify how to reference these essential academic works appropriately.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• 1 APA Dissertation Citation – In a Nutshell
• 2 Definition: APA dissertation citation
• 3 APA dissertation citation: Published elsewhere
• 4 APA dissertation citation: Unpublished

APA Dissertation Citation – In a Nutshell

• Whether the dissertation or thesis is accessible through a database, published or unpublished, the procedure for citing someone else’s work in APA dissertation citation Style varies.
• The methods below show how to reference a thesis or dissertation that you found in a database.
• The type of dissertation or thesis and the university must be included in the square brackets .
• Like other database providers, there is no URL or DOI provided.
• It is crucial to keep in mind that not every thesis or dissertation posted online will be connected to a particular repository or collection.
• If the work is accessible only through a private website, simply the URL should be provided as the source element.

Definition: APA dissertation citation

The style differs when citing a dissertation or thesis depending on if it was accessed through a database or somewhere else. According to the APA Style guide, a dissertation or thesis retrieved from a database must be cited as followed:

APA dissertation citation: Published elsewhere

When the dissertation or thesis was posted elsewhere such as on a personal website or in an academic archive (typically in PDF form), the URL/ DOI must be included:

APA dissertation citation: Unpublished

An unpublished dissertation or thesis is usually retrieved directly from the author or university in physical pages. In the APA dissertation citation style, add “Unpublished” to the description within square brackets and mention the university at the conclusion of the citation, outside the brackets as shown:

How do you cite a dissertation in APA dissertation citation style?

Author, A. A. (Year). Title (Publication No. if present) [Doctoral dissertation/Doctoral thesis/Master’s dissertation/Master’s thesis, Institution Name].

How do you know if an APA dissertation citation is published or unpublished?

When a dissertation or thesis is accessible from a database such as ProQuest, Dissertations and Theses Global, or PDQT Open, an academic repository, or an archive, it is deemed to have been published.

Do all APA dissertation citations get published?

You’d be surprised at how many students never see their dissertations published. A publishing won’t happen without careful planning and arranging for it to published.

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Citation guides

All you need to know about citations

How to cite an honors thesis in APA

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To cite an honors thesis in a reference entry in APA style 6th edition include the following elements:

• Author(s) of the thesis: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to seven authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For eight or more authors include the first six names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.
• Year of publication: Give the year in brackets followed by a full stop.
• Title of the honors thesis: Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.
• URL: Give the full URL where the document can be retrieved from.

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of an honors thesis in APA style 6th edition:

Author(s) of the thesis . ( Year of publication ). Title of the honors thesis (Honors thesis). Retrieved from URL

If the thesis is available from a database, archive or any online platform use the following template:

• Author(s) of the thesis: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to 20 authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For 21 or more authors include the first 19 names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.
• Publication number: Give the identification number of the thesis, if available.
• Name of the degree awarding institution: Give the name of the institution.
• Name of Platform: Give the name of the database, archive or any platform that holds the thesis.
• URL: If the thesis was found on a database, omit this element.

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of an honors thesis in APA style 7th edition:

Author(s) of the thesis . ( Year of publication ). Title of the honors thesis ( Publication number ) [Honors thesis, Name of the degree awarding institution ]. Name of Platform . URL

If the thesis has not been published or is available from a database use the following template:

• Location: Give the location of the institution. If outside the United States also include the country name.

Author(s) of the thesis . ( Year of publication ). Title of the honors thesis (Unpublished honors thesis). Name of the degree awarding institution , Location .

If the thesis is not published, use the following template:

Author(s) of the thesis . ( Year of publication ). Title of the honors thesis [Unpublished honors thesis]. Name of the degree awarding institution .

APA reference list examples

Take a look at our reference list examples that demonstrate the APA style guidelines for an honors thesis citation in action:

An honors thesis found in an online platform

Stevens, I . ( 2019 ). Iron complexes for photocatalytic hydrogen generation ( Undergraduate honors thesis ). Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/1287/

Stevens, I . ( 2019 ). Iron complexes for photocatalytic hydrogen generation [ Undergraduate honors thesis ]. William & Mary Digital Archive . https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/1287/

An unpublished honors thesis

Zhang, I. Y., & Goffin, R. D . ( 2018 ). Evil geniuses at work: Does intelligence interact with the dark triad to predict workplace deviance? ( Unpublished undergraduate honors thesis ). Western University , Ontario, Canada .

Zhang, I. Y., & Goffin, R. D . ( 2018 ). Evil geniuses at work: Does intelligence interact with the dark triad to predict workplace deviance? [ Unpublished undergraduate honors thesis ]. Western University .

This citation style guide is based on the official Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association ( 6 th edition).

More useful guides

• APA Referencing: Theses
• APA Citation Style: Theses and Dissertations
• APA Style Guide: Thesis, dissertation or exegesis?

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• Harvard: how to cite a computer program
• APA: how to cite a 10-q report
• MLA: how to cite a Reddit post

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How To Cite A Thesis In APA The Right Way – Learn Today!

Don’t know how to cite a thesis in APA? No problem! You have arrived at the right place. In this article, we will show you what APA style is and how to use various types of citations easily. In addition, you will learn how to make a references list the correct way.

Citing sources correctly is crucial for several reasons. It is an important part of academic integrity. When conducting research, it is important to give credit to the original authors of the information used in your work. This helps to avoid plagiarism, which is the act of using someone else’s work or ideas without giving proper credit. Plagiarism can have serious consequences, both academically and professionally, so it’s not something you want to take any chances with when citing a thesis APA.

We know that many students are struggling with APA citing a thesis correctly, so our seasoned writers and editors have made sure that all the necessary information (including help, advice, tips and tricks) is included in this article. Of course, if you need more help, you can simply get in touch with our experts. They can help you cite a dissertation in minutes.

Table of Contents

So, what is apa, why is apa style important, a word on the apa format dissertation, the references section, things to avoid when citing works.

However, before we show you how to cite a thesis APA style, we want to tell you a bit more about this style. So, what is APA style?

The style is based on several key elements, including the use of a running head, page numbers, in-text citations, and a reference list. APA style also requires the use of specific font styles and sizes, margins, and spacing, as well as guidelines for headings, titles, and other formatting elements. By following APA style, you can ensure that your work meets academic standards and is easily understood by others in your field.

But is citing a dissertation APA style difficult? The good news is that once you get the hang of it, citing in APA style is not at all difficult. Let’s take a look at some of the citation styles so you can get a better idea of what you need to do.

APA style is important for several reasons:

Consistency and clarity: APA style provides a consistent format for organizing and presenting research, which makes it easier for readers to understand and follow the author’s arguments. This helps to increase the clarity and coherence of the research. Credibility and trust: Properly citing sources in APA style demonstrates the author’s credibility and trustworthiness by showing that they have conducted thorough research and that they are aware of the relevant literature in their field. Ethical considerations: Proper citation of sources in APA style is important for ethical reasons as well. By giving credit to the original authors of the information used in their work, authors are avoiding plagiarism and intellectual theft. Professionalism: APA style is widely used in the social sciences and is considered the standard for academic writing in these fields. Adhering to APA style shows that the author is familiar with the conventions and standards of their field, and that they take their work seriously.

Want to learn more about the APA format dissertation? There are many things you can cite in your paper in APA style. In fact, we’ll show you some excellent examples just to make things easier for you. Keep in mind that the citation is different from the reference entry (we’ll talk about this in a moment). Here are some examples of the most important things you can cite in your work (and how to cite them):

• Author: Last name and first initial of the author(s) of the thesis
• Year: Year of publication of the thesis
• Example: (Johnson, 2015)
• Author: Last name and first initial of the author(s) of the dissertation
• Year: Year of publication of the dissertation
• Example: (Brown, 2010)
• Author: Last name and first initial of the author(s) of the web page (if available)
• Year: Year of publication of the web page
• Month Day: Month and day of publication of the web page (if available)
• Website name: Name of the website
• Example: (Johnson, 2017, January 12) or (Renewable Energy World, 2017, January 12)
• Author: Last name and first initial of the author(s) of the book
• Year: Year of publication of the book
• Page number: Page number of the specific information cited in the text
• Example: (Smith, 2010, p. 15)
• Author: Last name and first initial of the author(s) of the journal article
• Year: Year of publication of the journal article
• Example: (Brown, 2015, p. 456)

These are some of the most common types of citations in APA style. And yes, you can use an APA citation for a dissertation as shown above. However, keep in mind that the exact structure may vary based on the specific guidelines provided by your university. In addition, it’s important to follow the appropriate citation style consistently throughout the research paper.

Learning how to cite a dissertation APA includes learning how to write an entry in the References section for each and every citation you’ve included in the text. The References section in a dissertation is a list of all the sources cited in the text of the document. It is usually placed at the end of the dissertation and includes theses, dissertations, books, journal articles, conference papers, reports, websites, and any other materials that have been used to conduct the research.

The purpose of the references section is to give credit to the authors whose works have contributed to the research and to allow readers to quickly locate and consult the sources themselves. To help you better understand how the References section should look like, take a look at some great examples for citing dissertation APA:

• Thesis: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of thesis (Unpublished master’s thesis). Name of Institution, Location. Example: Johnson, M. (2015). The effects of mindfulness on stress (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of California, Los Angeles.
• Dissertation: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of dissertation (Doctoral dissertation). Name of Institution, Location. Example: Brown, B. (2010). The impact of mindfulness on mental health (Doctoral dissertation). University of California, Los Angeles.
• Website: Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day of Publication). Title of webpage. Website name. URL. Example: Johnson, D. (2017, January 12). The future of renewable energy. Renewable Energy World. https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/the-future-of-renewable-energy.
• Book: Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher. Example: Smith, J. (2010). The history of psychology: An overview. Oxford University Press.
• Journal article: Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of the article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page numbers. Example: Brown, B. (2015). The impact of mindfulness on mental health. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 456-460.

You are probably curious about the things you need to avoid when APA citing dissertation or bachelor thesis . Learning how to avoid the mistakes most frequently made by students when citing works in their research papers is the best way to save some points. Because yes, not using citations and references correctly will usually lead to a penalty. When citing and referencing in APA style, there are several things to avoid in order to ensure accuracy and consistency in your work:

• Inconsistent formatting: It’s important to follow the APA citation style consistently throughout your paper, including the use of capitalization, italics, and punctuation.
• Improperly formatted references: Ensure that the reference list entries follow the correct format, including the use of italics for book and journal titles, and the proper ordering of elements (such as author, year, title, etc.).
• Omitting crucial information: Make sure to include all relevant information in your in-text citations and reference list entries, such as page numbers for direct quotes and the full publication date for journal articles.
• Including personal communications: Personal communications, such as emails or conversations, should not be included in the reference list. Instead, you can mention them in the text but should not provide full details as it may be difficult to verify the information.
• Plagiarism: Always make sure to properly cite all sources used in your work to avoid plagiarism. This includes paraphrased information as well as direct quotes.

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Reference List: Textual Sources

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Basic Format for Books

Edited book, no author, edited book with an author or authors, a translation.

Note : When you cite a republished work, like the one above, in your text, it should appear with both dates: Plato (385-378/1989)

Edition Other Than the First

Article or chapter in an edited book.

Note : When you list the pages of the chapter or essay in parentheses after the book title, use "pp." before the numbers: (pp. 1-21). This abbreviation, however, does not appear before the page numbers in periodical references, except for newspapers. List any edition number in the same set of parentheses as the page numbers, separated by a comma: (2nd ed., pp. 66-72).

Multivolume Work

Articles in periodicals.

APA style dictates that authors are named with their last name followed by their initials; publication year goes between parentheses, followed by a period. The title of the article is in sentence-case, meaning only the first word and proper nouns in the title are capitalized. The periodical title is run in title case, and is followed by the volume number which, with the title, is also italicized. If a DOI has been assigned to the article that you are using, you should include this after the page numbers for the article. If no DOI has been assigned and you are accessing the periodical online, use the URL of the website from which you are retrieving the periodical.

Article in Print Journal

Note: APA 7 advises writers to include a DOI (if available), even when using the print source. The example above assumes no DOI is available.

Article in Electronic Journal

Note :  This content also appears on Reference List: Online Media .

As noted above, when citing an article in an electronic journal, include a DOI if one is associated with the article.

DOIs may not always be available. In these cases, use a URL. Many academic journals provide stable URLs that function similarly to DOIs. These are preferable to ordinary URLs copied and pasted from the browser's address bar.

Article in a Magazine

Article in a newspaper.