essay an global language

Essay on English as a Global Language

500 Words Essay On English as a Global Language

A global language is one that is spoken and understood at an international level by a wide variety of people. Moreover, no language in the world better fits this description than the English language. This essay on English as a global language will shed more light on this issue.

                                                                                                  Essay on English as a Global Language

Why English is a Global Language

When it comes to languages, one can make a strong argument that a strong link exists between dominance and cultural power. Furthermore, the main factor that the languages become popular is due to a powerful power-base, whether economic or political or military.

The derivation of the English language took place from languages like French, Latin, German, and other European languages. This can be a reason why many Europeans don’t find English a difficult language to learn. Furthermore, linguists argue whether the simplicity of the English language is the main reason for it becoming a global language.

The Latin script of the English language appears less complicated for people to recognize and learn. Also, the pronunciation of the English language is not as complex as other languages like Korean or Turkish for example.

Generally, the difficulty level of a language varies from person to person and it also depends on the culture to which one may belong. For example, a Korean person would find less difficulty in mastering the Japanese language in comparison to a German person. This is because of the close proximity of the Korean and Japanese cultures.

Due to the massive British colonial conquests , no culture is in complete oblivion of the English language or words. As such, English is a language that should not appear as too alien or strange to any community. Consequently, learning English is not such big of a deal for most people as they can find a certain level of familiarity with the language.

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The Effectiveness of the English Language

English is a very effective language and this is evident due to the presence of various native and non-native speakers on a global scale. Furthermore, according to statistics, one-fourth of the world is either fluent in the English language or content with it. While it’s true that the number of native Mandarin speakers is the greatest in the world, Mandarin is not the global language due to its complex spellings, grammar , and letter system.

The English language, on the other hand, does not suffer from such complexity problems. Furthermore, the English language has a lot of words and synonyms to express something. As such, any word or its meaning can be expressed with a high level of accuracy.

Conclusion of the Essay on English as a Global Language

English is certainly the most widely spoken language in the world by far. On a global scale, English has the most number of speakers, who speak English either as a first or second language. Without a doubt, no other language in the world can come close to English in terms of its immense popularity.

FAQs For Essay on English as a Global Language

Question 1: Why English is referred to as the global language?

Answer 1:  Many consider English as a global language because it is the one language that the majority of the population in almost every region of the world can speak and understand. Furthermore, the language enjoys worldwide acceptance and usage by every nation of the world. Therefore, it is an extremely essential global language.

Question 2: How English became the global language in the world?

Answer 2: By the late 18th century, the British Empire had made a lot of colonies. Moreover, they had established their geopolitical dominance all over the world. Consequently, the English language quickly spread in the British colonies.

There was also the contribution of technology, science, diplomacy, commerce, art, and formal education which led to English becoming a truly global language of the world.

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• Essay On English As A Global Language

English as a Global Language Essay

500 words essay on english as a global language.

Globally, English is the most popular language, spoken in almost all countries. According to the statistics, nearly half of the world’s population is well-versed in this language. It is proved by many native and non-native speakers that English is an efficient language worldwide. Moreover, compared to other languages, English is easier to learn. For example, unlike Chinese, the English alphabet has only 26 letters that form words, and several English words are borrowed from other languages.

English is the language of technology, so knowing English is necessary to make the best use of the internet. It also makes tourism easy, as it helps better understand the people. Also, any international meeting will probably be done in English. This essay will discuss why English is considered a global language.

Why Is English a Global Language?

English is considered a global language because it is spoken and understood at an international level by a wide variety of people. Globally, English has the most speakers who speak it either as a first or second language.

We can see a strong link between dominance and cultural power in languages. English, as a language, became famous because of its power base, whether political, economic or military.

English language derivation occurred from German, Latin, and other European languages. Due to this, Europeans don’t consider English a complex language to learn. Also, according to linguists, English became a global language due to its simplicity.

English script in Latin appears less complicated to learn and recognise by people. Also, like other languages such as Turkish or Korean, English pronunciation is not so complex and is easy to understand.

Generally, if we observe closely, the difficulty level of a particular language varies from person to person. It also depends on the culture the individual belongs to. For example, A person from Korea will find the Japanese language less complicated than a Britisher because of the similarities between Korean and Japanese cultures.

The language, English, should not be alien or unknown to any community. Learning English was not a big deal during British rule, as most people from different cultures became familiar with the language.

Future of English as a Global Language

Nowadays, primary-level to higher-level education mostly uses English as the medium of instruction.

The English language is considered a global language. So, in most countries, education will be delivered in English. Students will read and write their field of interest in English. The English language will replace the arts, culture and science stream of education.

Globally, education is provided in the English language, due to which all variations of research-based education and projects are based on this language. Scientific, technical and medical research all depend on the English language. Nowadays, research-based learning is imperative in all education streams, and the medium should be English.

To Access Knowledge

In the modern era of technology, people approach the internet to get information about the smallest things possible. So, gradually, the English language has proved its strong presence globally, and people have started to access related content written in the English language.

Informative Sources

All kinds of information are available in the form of books, newspapers, specific topic-based print content, etc. There are various resources available online as well, and they can be accessed for free.

Conclusion of the Essay on English as a Global Language

English is the most helpful language globally, and its “universal language” status proves that fact. Learning anything new can be time-consuming. However, irrespective of where you come from, learning English will open an array of opportunities for you.

It’s always good to learn a new language. English is the business language, so learning English will make the road ahead more accessible for you if you want to start a business. We can safely say that learning English will add value to your life with all that in mind.

From our BYJU’S website, students can learn CBSE Essays related to different topics. It will help students to get good marks in their upcoming exams.

Frequently Asked Questions on English as a Global Language Essay

Why is english considered a global language.

The majority of the world’s population can speak and understand the English language. Also, this language is considered easy to learn when compared to other languages.

How many countries have recognised English as the official language?

English is recognised as the official language in 67 different countries, as well as in 27 non-sovereign entities.

Who is the Father of the English language?

Geoffrey Chaucer, born sometime between the year 1340-1344, is known to be the Father of the English language.

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English As A Global Language Essay

In today's interconnected world, English has become the dominant global language. It's the language of business, diplomacy, and international relations. It's also the language of science and technology. Here are some sample essays on English as a global language.

100 Words Essay On English As A Global Language

English has become the global language because it has the ability to connect people from all corners of the world. When it comes to language, the world is changing. English has quickly become the global language of business, travel, and communication, and its importance is only expected to grow in the years to come.

One of the most important benefits of speaking English nowadays is that it enables you to be part of a global conversation. When you can understand and communicate with people from different backgrounds, cultures and countries, you open new doors to business opportunities, personal connections and more. It is the language of opportunity.

200 Words Essay On English As A Global Language

English has also become an essential tool for success in job markets around the world. Having good language skills often gives you a competitive edge over other candidates, as it allows you to communicate with customers or colleagues better. Additionally, many prestigious universities have begun offering courses taught entirely in English in order to attract international students from all over the world.

Overview of the Growing Significance of English

There are a number of reasons for the overgrowing significance of English as a language. For starters, English is the most widely spoken language in the world. It's spoken by more than 1.5 billion people, making it the most common second language in the world. And as more and more countries become connected through trade and technology, the demand for English speakers continues to rise.

But it's not just about numbers. English is also a very versatile language. It's capable of expressing a wide range of emotions and ideas, making it perfect for both business and travel. And thanks to its history as a colonial language, English also has a number of dialects and variants that make it easy to learn and be used in different parts of the world.

500 Words Essay On English As A Global Language

It is important for students to learn English and for people to continue to study and learn the English language. English is the language of the future.

Historical Influence of English

English has played an important role in world history, and its influence can be seen in many different aspects of society. This can be seen particularly in the field of business, where English is often the language of choice for conducting international transactions.

But English's role as a global language is not limited to the business world. It is also widely used in education, science, technology and entertainment. This growing significance of English has led to a number of debates on its impact on other languages and cultures. Some people argue that English is a threat to linguistic diversity, while others claim that it has actually helped to promote international understanding.

Benefits of Learning English As A Language

There are plenty of reasons to learn English, but here are some of the most important:

English is the most common global language. That means that if you know English, you can communicate with more people than any other language.

English is the language of business. If you want to work in a global company or do business with people from other countries, you need to be able to speak English.

English is the language of diplomacy. If you want to work in international relations or become a diplomat, you need to be fluent in English.

English is the language of science and technology. If you want to work in a technical field or study science, you need to know English.

The Positive Impact of English on Today’s Society

English is being used by more people in everyday communication than ever before. It also serves as a unifying factor between different cultural backgrounds and can pave the way for greater social understanding. In short, English has become ingrained in most aspects of our lives, regardless of where we are from or what language we may speak at home.

Challenges Faced by Non-Native English Speakers

When it comes to the challenges that non-native English speakers face, there are several. One is that some words and phrases may still be challenging to understand, even after extensive studying. Additionally, being able to properly pronounce and intonate these words and phrases can be even more difficult.

Maintaining an appropriate level of grammar and syntax while also using proper sentence structure and coherence is often difficult as well. Even with proper guidance, working around cultural and language barriers can be a challenge; this is especially true when it comes to translating ideas accurately in a language other than one’s native tongue.

Non-native English speakers may also struggle to find their own style of writing in order to make their work stand out from others. Different countries have different styles of expression, so finding a style that truly reflects your own unique voice can be difficult no matter how well-versed someone may be in the English language.

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A Naval Architect is a professional who designs, produces and repairs safe and sea-worthy surfaces or underwater structures. A Naval Architect stays involved in creating and designing ships, ferries, submarines and yachts with implementation of various principles such as gravity, ideal hull form, buoyancy and stability. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Veterinary Doctor

Pathologist.

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Speech Therapist

Gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

Hospital Administrator

The hospital Administrator is in charge of organising and supervising the daily operations of medical services and facilities. This organising includes managing of organisation’s staff and its members in service, budgets, service reports, departmental reporting and taking reminders of patient care and services.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Videographer

Multimedia specialist.

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Linguistic meaning is related to language or Linguistics which is the study of languages. A career as a linguistic meaning, a profession that is based on the scientific study of language, and it's a very broad field with many specialities. Famous linguists work in academia, researching and teaching different areas of language, such as phonetics (sounds), syntax (word order) and semantics (meaning). 

Other researchers focus on specialities like computational linguistics, which seeks to better match human and computer language capacities, or applied linguistics, which is concerned with improving language education. Still, others work as language experts for the government, advertising companies, dictionary publishers and various other private enterprises. Some might work from home as freelance linguists. Philologist, phonologist, and dialectician are some of Linguist synonym. Linguists can study French , German , Italian . 

Public Relation Executive

Travel journalist.

The career of a travel journalist is full of passion, excitement and responsibility. Journalism as a career could be challenging at times, but if you're someone who has been genuinely enthusiastic about all this, then it is the best decision for you. Travel journalism jobs are all about insightful, artfully written, informative narratives designed to cover the travel industry. Travel Journalist is someone who explores, gathers and presents information as a news article.

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

Merchandiser.

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Metallurgical Engineer

A metallurgical engineer is a professional who studies and produces materials that bring power to our world. He or she extracts metals from ores and rocks and transforms them into alloys, high-purity metals and other materials used in developing infrastructure, transportation and healthcare equipment. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

ITSM Manager

Information security manager.

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

Business Intelligence Developer

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English as a Global Language

Global English, World English, and the Rise of English as a Lingua Franca

• An Introduction to Punctuation
• Ph.D., Rhetoric and English, University of Georgia
• M.A., Modern English and American Literature, University of Leicester
• B.A., English, State University of New York

In Shakespeare 's time, the number of English speakers in the world is thought to have been between five and seven million. According to linguist David Crystal, "Between the end of the reign of Elizabeth I (1603) and the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth II (1952), this figure increased almost fiftyfold, to around 250 million" ( The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language , 2003). It's a common language used in international business, which makes it a popular second language for many.

How Many Languages Are There?

There are roughly 6,500 languages spoken in the world today. About 2,000 of them have fewer than 1,000 speakers. While the British empire did help spread the language globally it's only the third most commonly spoken language in the world. Mandarin and Spanish are the two most commonly spoken languages on Earth. 

From How Many Other Languages Has English Borrowed Words?

English is jokingly referred to as a language thief because of it has incorporated words from over 350 other languages into it. The majority of these "borrowed" words are latin or from one of the Romance languages.

How Many People in the World Today Speak English?

Roughly 500 million people in the world are native English speakers . Another 510 million people speak English as a second language , which means that there are more people who speak English along with their native language than there are native English speakers.

In How Many Countries Is English Taught as a Foreign Language?

English is taught as a foreign language in over 100 countries. It's considered the language of business which makes it a popular choice for a second language. English language teachers are often paid very well in countries like China and Dubai.

What Is the Most Widely Used English Word?

"The form OK or okay is probably the most intensively and widely used (and borrowed) word in the history of the language. Its many would-be etymologists have traced it variously to Cockney, French, Finnish, German, Greek, Norwegian, Scots, several African languages, and the Native American language Choctaw, as well as a number of personal names. All are imaginative feats without documentary support." (Tom McArthur, The Oxford Guide to World English . Oxford University Press, 2002)

How Many Countries in the World Have English as Their First Language?

"This is a complicated question, as the definition of 'first language' differs from place to place, according to each country’s history and local circumstances. The following facts illustrate the complexities:

"Australia, Botswana, the Commonwealth Caribbean nations, Gambia, Ghana, Guyana, Ireland, Namibia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States have English as either a de facto or statutory official language. In Cameroon and Canada, English shares this status with French; and in the Nigerian states, English and the main local language are official. In Fiji, English is the official language with Fijian; in Lesotho with Sesotho; in Pakistan with Urdu; in the Philippines with Filipino; and in Swaziland with Siswati. In India, English is an associate official language (after Hindi), and in Singapore English is one of four statutory official languages. In South Africa, English [is] the main national language—but just one of eleven official languages.

"In all, English has official or special status in at least 75 countries (with a combined population of two billion people). It is estimated that one out of four people worldwide speak English with some degree of competence." (Penny Silva, "Global English." AskOxford.com, 2009)

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• Get the Definition of Mother Tongue Plus a Look at Top Languages
• Definition and Examples of Native Languages
• Singapore English and Singlish
• The Definition of Borrowing Language
• Key Events in the History of the English Language

Essay on English as a Global Language

English, with its rich history and global reach, has emerged as a vital global language. In this essay, we will explore the reasons why English has become a global language, its impact on communication, education, and culture, and why it is essential for our interconnected world.

Historical Evolution of English as a Global Language

a. Colonialism and Expansion : English’s journey as a global language began with the British Empire’s expansion. British colonies and territories spread English across continents.

b. Trade and Industry : The Industrial Revolution in England contributed to economic growth and trade, making English a language of commerce.

c. Global Influence : In the 20th century, the United States’ economic and cultural influence further solidified English’s global standing.

English as a Language of Communication

a. International Business : English is the primary language for international business, fostering trade and economic cooperation. Over 50% of internet content is in English.

b. Science and Technology : English is the language of science, with most scientific research and publications being in English. It enables global collaboration in fields like medicine, technology, and innovation.

c. Global Diplomacy : English is the dominant language in international diplomacy, facilitating communication between nations and organizations.

English in Education

a. Access to Knowledge : English grants access to a vast repository of educational resources, books, and online courses. It opens doors to global learning.

b. International Universities : Many top universities worldwide offer programs in English, attracting students from diverse backgrounds.

c. Language of Aviation : English is the universal language of aviation, ensuring safety and communication among pilots, air traffic controllers, and passengers.

Cultural Exchange and Media

a. Global Media : English is the language of global media, including movies, music, and literature. It connects people from different cultures through shared entertainment.

b. Literary Impact : English literature has produced timeless classics by authors like Shakespeare, Dickens, and Austen, shaping world literature.

c. Online Communities : English connects people through social media, allowing individuals worldwide to share experiences and ideas.

The Importance of Multilingualism

a. Preservation of Languages : While English is essential, it is crucial to preserve and celebrate other languages and cultures. Multilingualism fosters diversity.

b. Respect for Local Languages : Learning English should not come at the cost of neglecting local languages. Both can coexist and enrich our global society.

English as a Bridge to Global Understanding

a. Promoting Empathy : English enables us to understand different perspectives, fostering empathy and global citizenship.

b. Breaking Down Barriers : It breaks down communication barriers and promotes peace and cooperation in an interconnected world.

Conclusion of Essay on English as a Global Language

In conclusion, English has rightfully earned its status as a global language due to its historical evolution, practical utility, and cultural significance. It serves as a bridge, connecting people from diverse backgrounds and fostering global understanding. English’s role in education, communication, and culture cannot be overstated.

However, it is essential to remember that while English is a valuable tool for global communication, it should not overshadow the importance of preserving and celebrating other languages. Multilingualism enriches our world, and we should always strive to promote linguistic diversity and respect for all languages and cultures.

As we navigate our interconnected world, English serves as a valuable asset, enabling us to share knowledge, build relationships, and foster a more inclusive global community. Its importance lies not only in its utility but also in its potential to promote mutual respect, empathy, and unity among people from all corners of the globe.

Also Check: The Essay on Essay: All you need to know

Essay on English as a Global Language

Students are often asked to write an essay on English as a Global Language in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on English as a Global Language

Introduction.

English is a globally recognized language. It’s spoken in many countries, making it a key communication tool.

Global Reach

English is spoken in over 100 countries. It’s the official language of many nations and international organizations.

Language of the Internet

Most content on the internet is in English. This makes it important for accessing knowledge.

Business Language

English is the standard language for international business. It helps in trade and commerce across borders.

Many educational books and research papers are published in English. It’s a must-know language for students.

English, as a global language, bridges gaps between cultures. It’s a powerful tool for global communication and understanding.

Also check:

• Advantages and Disadvantages of English as a Global Language

250 Words Essay on English as a Global Language

The emergence of english as a global language.

English, originating from a small island nation, has transformed into a global language. This phenomenon is not accidental, but rather a result of historical, economic, and technological factors. The British Empire’s vast expanse during the colonial era disseminated English to all corners of the globe, laying the groundwork for its global acceptance.

English and Globalization

The rise of globalization has further propelled English to its current status. As the language of science, technology, and business, English proficiency is often equated with economic opportunity. Multinational corporations, international institutions, and the internet predominantly use English, reinforcing its global significance.

The Lingua Franca of the Digital Age

The digital age has also played a crucial role in the dominance of English. The internet, a largely English-language medium, has democratized access to information and connected diverse cultures. English, thus, serves as a bridge, fostering global communication and collaboration.

Implications and Challenges

Despite its benefits, the global dominance of English has implications. It risks overshadowing local languages and cultures, potentially leading to linguistic homogenization. Furthermore, non-native speakers may face barriers to participation in global discourse.

In conclusion, English’s status as a global language is a double-edged sword. While it promotes global communication, it also presents challenges. Acknowledging these complexities is crucial for a more inclusive global society.

500 Words Essay on English as a Global Language

English, a language that originated from a small island, has now become a global lingua franca. It has permeated various spheres of human activity, including commerce, science, technology, and culture, becoming an indispensable tool for international communication.

The rise of English as a global language is closely tied to the expansion of British colonial rule during the 19th century. As Britain established colonies around the world, the English language was disseminated and adopted by the local populations. However, the true globalisation of English began in the 20th century, primarily due to two factors: the economic dominance of the United States and the advent of the internet.

The Dominance of the United States

Post World War II, the United States emerged as a global economic powerhouse. American corporations expanded their operations worldwide, and with this expansion, English became the de facto language of global business. Moreover, the US’s cultural influence, manifested through Hollywood movies, popular music, and later, digital platforms like Netflix and YouTube, has further entrenched English in global popular culture.

The Advent of the Internet

The digital revolution has been another catalyst for the global spread of English. As the internet was born and developed in English-speaking countries, English became the principal language of the digital realm. Today, a significant portion of online content, including websites, forums, and social media platforms, is in English, making it a prerequisite for digital literacy.

English and Education

English has also become the language of academia. It is the medium of instruction in numerous universities worldwide, and a vast majority of scientific research is published in English. Consequently, proficiency in English is often seen as a pathway to educational and professional opportunities.

Implications of English as a Global Language

While the global dominance of English has facilitated international communication, it has also raised concerns. Critics argue that linguistic diversity is under threat, as smaller languages struggle to survive in the shadow of English. Furthermore, the dominance of English may perpetuate social inequality, as those without access to English education may be left behind in a globalised world.

In conclusion, English has undeniably established itself as a global language, driven by historical, economic, and technological factors. While its global status offers clear benefits, it also presents challenges that need to be addressed. As we move forward, it is crucial to ensure that the spread of English does not come at the expense of linguistic diversity and social equity.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

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Home — Essay Samples — Science — English Language — English as a Global Language

English as a Global Language

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Published: Jan 4, 2019

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English as a global language

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English as a Global Language Essay in 10 Lines, 100 & 500 Words

• Entrance Exams
• November 6, 2023

English as a Global Language Essay – English has emerged as the global lingua franca, transcending geographical, cultural, and linguistic boundaries. This phenomenon is not merely a linguistic shift but a testament to the interconnectedness of our world.

In this essay, we will explore the historical, cultural, and practical factors in 10 lines, 100, 500, 1000 words that have contributed to the rise of English as the preeminent global language.

About English as a Global Language in 10 Lines

In this 10-line essay, we discuss the global prominence of English due to its historical, cultural, and practical significance.

• English is the dominant global language due to its historical roots in the British Empire’s colonial expansion.
• American English, with the rise of the United States, has reinforced English’s global prominence.
• English’s cultural influence is significant, with music, literature, films, and television contributing to its worldwide adoption.
• The practical advantages of English, such as being the language of international diplomacy, science, and business, have further solidified its global position.
• Globalization has propelled English into the forefront of international communication.
• English proficiency is often a prerequisite for better job opportunities and access to global markets.
• Challenges and criticisms include concerns about cultural homogenization and linguistic discrimination.
• Many people learn English as a second language through ESL programs.
• English’s rise as a global language signifies humanity’s adaptability and connectivity in a rapidly changing world.
• Balancing the advantages of a global lingua franca with linguistic diversity and equal opportunities is essential.

Also See – Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Essay in English – 10 Lines, 100 / 1000 Words

Short Essay on English as a Global Language in 100 Words

Here is a simple 100 words of essay on English as a Global Language:

English, as a global language, has transcended borders and become the universal medium of communication. Its rise can be traced back to the British Empire’s colonial expansion and later bolstered by the influence of the United States. English’s cultural significance, seen in literature, music, and movies, has contributed to its widespread adoption. In today’s interconnected world, English is vital for international diplomacy, science, technology, and business. Proficiency in English opens doors to global opportunities and enhances collaboration. However, its dominance raises concerns about cultural diversity and linguistic discrimination. Striking a balance between its advantages and preserving linguistic heritage is crucial for a harmonious global society.

Essay on English as a Global Language – 500 Words

English as a Global Language: Uniting the World

The English language’s emergence as a global lingua franca is a testament to its unparalleled influence and adaptability. It has transcended geographical, cultural, and linguistic boundaries, becoming the primary means of international communication. In this essay, we will delve into the historical roots, cultural impact, practical advantages, and challenges associated with English as a global language.

Historical Roots:

The historical roots of English as a global language can be traced back to the British Empire’s colonial expansion. As the British Empire colonized various regions across the globe, English was imposed on local populations, leaving an indelible linguistic legacy. Consequently, English spread to diverse regions, including North America, India, Africa, and the Caribbean. These historical connections to English-speaking nations continue to influence the global prevalence of the language.

The Rise of American English:

While the British Empire’s legacy laid the foundation for English’s global reach, it was the United States that significantly bolstered its influence. The emergence of the United States as a global superpower following World War II contributed to the dominance of American English. The economic, cultural, and political might of the U.S. has propelled American English into the forefront of international communication. Hollywood, Silicon Valley, and American universities have played pivotal roles in shaping the global perception of English.

Cultural Impact:

Beyond its utilitarian role, English wields immense cultural significance. English-language music, literature, films, and television shows have achieved worldwide acclaim. Iconic figures such as William Shakespeare, The Beatles, and Hollywood actors have left an indelible mark on global culture. English often serves as the gateway for people worldwide to appreciate these cultural treasures.

Practical Advantages:

The practical advantages of English as a global language are undeniable. It has become the language of international diplomacy, science, aviation, technology, and academia. English is used as the primary medium of instruction in many prestigious universities worldwide. Proficiency in English facilitates better job opportunities, access to global markets, and international collaboration. It is the conduit through which information, knowledge, and innovation flow.

Globalization and Business:

In the era of globalization, English has emerged as the default language for international business and trade. As companies expand their operations internationally, English is the common ground for communication. It eases trade, fosters investment, and enables global partnerships. Proficiency in English is often a prerequisite for many high-paying jobs and executive positions, further underlining its practical importance.

Challenges and Criticisms:

While English’s ascendancy as a global language is celebrated, it is not without its challenges and criticisms. Many argue that the dominance of English can lead to cultural homogenization, linguistic discrimination, and unequal access to opportunities. It is important to recognize and address these concerns to ensure that linguistic diversity and cultural heritage are preserved.

English as a Second Language:

For the majority of English speakers worldwide, English is a second language. English as a Second Language (ESL) programs are in high demand, with millions of individuals worldwide learning English to enhance their personal and professional prospects. The complexities of English grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation are challenges that ESL learners often face.

Conclusion:

The ascent of English as a global language is a multifaceted phenomenon. It reflects humanity’s ability to adapt, connect, and evolve in a rapidly changing world. Its dominance is a double-edged sword, offering immense practical advantages while necessitating a balanced approach that respects linguistic diversity and promotes equal access to opportunities for all. In an increasingly interconnected world, English’s role as a global language remains pivotal, shaping the way we communicate, learn, and collaborate across borders.

Brief Essay on English as a Global Language

Introduction.

English, once a mere language spoken on the British Isles, has evolved to become the global lingua franca. Its unparalleled rise has bridged cultures, connected nations, and permeated diverse aspects of our lives. This essay explores the historical, cultural, and practical factors behind English’s ascendancy as a global language, highlighting its impact and the challenges it poses.

Historical Roots

Colonial Expansion: The British Empire’s Influence

The roots of English as a global language can be traced back to the British Empire’s colonial expansion. As the British Empire expanded its dominion, it imposed English on a multitude of regions across the world. The colonization of North America, India, Africa, and the Caribbean, among others, played a pivotal role in spreading English to different corners of the globe.

Language of Domination

The colonial legacy of English was closely tied to its use as a language of domination. Colonized peoples were often forced to adopt English, as it was perceived as a symbol of authority and control. This initial imposition sowed the seeds for English’s global dominance.

The Rise of American English

U.S. Emergence as a Global Superpower

While the British Empire set the stage, the rise of the United States as a global superpower significantly bolstered the influence of English. Following World War II, the economic, cultural, and political might of the United States propelled American English to the forefront of international communication.

Hollywood and Pop Culture

Hollywood’s dominance in the global film industry contributed to the prominence of American English. American movies, music, and pop culture have found universal appeal, shaping the way people worldwide perceive and interact with English.

Cultural Influence

The Global Appeal of English Literature

English-language literature has played an immense role in shaping global culture. Iconic figures such as William Shakespeare, whose works have been translated into numerous languages, and celebrated authors like Charles Dickens and Jane Austen, have left an indelible mark on the world’s literary heritage.

English Music and Pop Culture

The English-speaking world has produced legendary musicians like The Beatles, who have achieved worldwide acclaim. English-language music continues to dominate the global music industry, crossing linguistic and cultural barriers.

Hollywood and Television

Hollywood, with its epicenter in Los Angeles, serves as a global entertainment hub. American television shows and films, often presented in English, are enjoyed by people worldwide. The entertainment industry has played a significant role in furthering the influence of English.

Practical Advantages

A Universal Tool for International Diplomacy

English has become the language of international diplomacy. It serves as a neutral ground for diplomatic discussions, negotiations, and international agreements. Many international organizations, such as the United Nations, use English as one of their official languages.

The Language of Science and Technology

English has established itself as the language of science, technology, and research. Research articles, scientific publications, and technological innovations are often disseminated in English. This has facilitated global collaboration and the sharing of knowledge across borders.

Aviation and Global Connectivity

In the aviation industry, English is the standard language for communication. Pilots, air traffic controllers, and cabin crews use English to ensure safe and efficient air travel. This linguistic standardization contributes to global connectivity and safety.

Education and Academia

English is the primary language of instruction in many prestigious universities worldwide. Students from diverse linguistic backgrounds pursue education in English-speaking countries, making it the medium through which knowledge is acquired and disseminated.

Business and International Trade

Globalization has propelled English into the forefront of international business and trade. As companies expand their operations across borders, English serves as the lingua franca for communication. It facilitates trade, fosters investment, and enables global partnerships.

Challenges and Criticisms

Concerns of Cultural Homogenization

One of the primary criticisms of English’s global dominance is the potential for cultural homogenization. As English becomes the predominant language for business, science, and entertainment, there are concerns that local cultures and languages may be overshadowed and marginalized.

Linguistic Discrimination

The dominance of English can also lead to linguistic discrimination. Native speakers often have an advantage, leading to disparities in access to opportunities. Non-native speakers may face prejudice or bias, which can hinder their personal and professional development.

Unequal Access to Opportunities

Access to English-language education and resources is not equal worldwide. This inequality in access can further exacerbate global disparities and limit the opportunities available to individuals in non-English-speaking regions.

Threat to Linguistic Diversity

As English continues to expand its reach, many languages are at risk of extinction. Smaller, lesser-known languages often struggle to survive in the face of the overwhelming presence of English.

English as a Second Language (ESL)

The Global Demand for ESL Education

With English as the global language, millions of individuals worldwide are learning English as a second language. ESL programs, both formal and informal, have seen a surge in demand as people seek to enhance their personal and professional prospects.

Challenges Faced by ESL Learners

Learning English as a second language can be a formidable challenge. ESL learners often grapple with the complexities of English grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. The variations between American and British English can add another layer of complexity.

English’s ascendancy as a global language is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. It symbolizes the adaptability and connectivity of humanity in an ever-changing world. While the practical advantages of a global lingua franca are undeniable, it is crucial to address the concerns of cultural homogenization, linguistic discrimination, and unequal access to opportunities. Striking a balance between the advantages of a global language and the importance of preserving linguistic diversity and promoting equal opportunities is vital for a harmonious global society. In an increasingly interconnected world, English’s role as a global language remains pivotal, shaping the way we communicate, learn, and collaborate across borders.

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The advantages and disadvantages of a global language

I was reflecting upon the topic for my blog post when an idea popped into my head. Last summer, I was going over old photo albums, records, passports and such with my family. And then I stumbled across something that really struck me. My mother showed me my maternal grandfather’s work card, which he obtained in Germany. After World War  II , my grandfather, who was the eldest in his family, decided to leave his village in Calabria, in the south of Italy, and search for work elsewhere in Europe. This German work card surprised me because there was no English translation in sight! In fact, the text was translated into French. I had become so used to English being the global language, especially after feeling its omnipresence while travelling abroad, that I forgot that French once occupied that same global position. This got me thinking, “What are the advantages and disadvantages of a global or universal language?”

Advantage 1: Facilitates communication between different cultures

A global language allows for communication between different cultures. Language has always been the focal point of cultural identity. A global language dismantles communication barriers and offers individuals a gateway to understanding one another’s cultures.

Two years ago, my family and I travelled to Argentina, where we watched the Buenos Aires soccer team play a game. As a futbol fanatic, I remember talking in English with this Argentinian university student after the game. We had an amazing conversation about Argentinians’ passion for soccer compared with that of Canadians. Even though we were both from different countries, and English was not our native tongue, we were able to connect culturally through our ability to speak the current global language.

Advantage 2: Facilitates international trade

With the rise of globalization and neo-liberalism since the 1970s, an unprecedented amount of international trade and business between different countries has been carried out. The reality is that in order to buy from or sell to a business partner from another country, you need to communicate effectively and accurately. Thankfully, a global language eliminates the communication barrier, promoting greater international trade and opportunities for economic growth.

As I was doing research for this blog post, I came across a very interesting index called the “Language Barrier Index (LBI).” In short, the LBI “quantifies international language barriers by measuring the dissimilarity between the main languages of trading partners.” Footnote 1 Although it involves a very complicated mathematical equation, it speaks to the advantage of having one world language. Using the LBI , Lohmann found that “language barriers are a significant deterrent to bilateral trade. A 10% increase in the Language Barrier Index can cause a 7% to 10% decrease in trade flows between two countries.” Footnote 2

Disadvantage 1: Presents challenges for non-native speakers in the sciences

There are bigger disadvantages of having a global language than the one I’m going to discuss in this section. However, I wish to explore this one because it has a direct impact on the field I’m currently studying in. Since I’m in environmental studies, scientific literature is vital to any lab, research project or assignment in my classes.

Getting a scientific paper published is a long (about one year) and difficult task that requires many steps. Having a global language has allowed scientists to access a vast amount of literature from around the world, but it has also presented significant challenges for non-native speakers of English. You might be thinking, “They’re scientists. Why are adequate English language skills needed by scientists to get their papers published?” Well, scientists need to clearly communicate their findings, conclusions and methods, and for some non-native speakers, that can be strenuous. Scientists who want their work to be globally recognized need to attend English conferences or discussions and read English scientific papers. According to an article published in The Atlantic , 80% of scientific papers were in English. Footnote 3 Furthermore, the article notes that “a journal published in a language other than English must at the very least include English abstracts.” Footnote 4

Disadvantage 2: Poses a threat to minority languages

According to a BBC article, in this last century, some 400 languages have become extinct – about one language every three months – and in the next century, 50% of all remaining languages will become extinct. Footnote 5 Needless to say, this is worrying, because simply put, an extinct language means the loss of a unique culture. People who speak a global language have greater opportunities for employment, education and overall success. Therefore, some minority language speakers believe that learning to speak a global language will benefit them financially. Footnote 6 Furthermore, with globalization, our cultures are ever increasingly interconnected, catalyzing the takeover of minority languages by a global language.

In conclusion, a global language has its advantages and disadvantages. Its strong points include facilitating communication between different cultures and paving the way for greater international trade between countries. Its drawbacks are the challenges it creates for non-native speakers in the sciences (especially when it comes to publishing scientific literature) and its contribution to the extinction of minority languages. The question remains: Will English continue as the world’s global language in this century and beyond, or will another language take its place?

The opinions expressed in posts and comments published on the Our Languages blog are solely those of the authors and commenters and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Language Portal of Canada.

Get to know Alexandre Chemla

Alexandre Chemla

Alexandre Chemla is a student at the University of Ottawa. He is enrolled in the bilingual environmental studies program, with Italian as his minor. As a fluent French and Italian speaker in Canada, and an active member of both the French and Italian communities, he values the importance of a language in connecting to his family roots.

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IELTS Essay on Global Language with Scoring & Analysis

IELTS essay on global language with full essay, scoring and analysis, submitted to us by our students. Join LELB Society’s students and members and send us your essays for comprehensive analysis.

IELTS essay question on global language

Some linguists predict that the majority of people in the future will tend to speak one single global language .

Do you consider this social trend positive or negative? Give reasons to support your argument.

Watch this video about essay on global language

IELTS essay on global language

Some sophisticated interpreters and linguistics have assumed that if we are willing to have a higher quality of communication with people around the world, having a global language would be necessary. Many people including me, agree with this assumption and encourage experts to work on that.

• The first sentence could be written shorter and in a simpler format. For example: … a global language would be necessary for a higher quality of life …
• Your introduction lacks any background information, and for this reason, it’s rather too short.

The primary reason why I believe global language is a beneficial idea is that if all people worldwide speak and write in the same language , then there would be no concern about misunderstanding or being self-conscious about not being able to communicate. Moreover, for students or workers who are thinking about continuing their career and studies abroad , language degrees or having a certain level of fluency of a required language wouldn’t be a problem anymore.

• a global language
• language certificate

Having more sympathy and a better comprehension of different cultures is another reason why global language can be extremely helpful. Also, speaking and negotiating with local people from a totally different geographical locations in the same language can bring us new beneficial and qualified information . Therefore, it would be much easier to open our eyes to a new perspective and altitude.

• a totally different geographical location / totally different geographical locations
• Qualified information = not a good collocation

In addition, having a global language someday is good news for book lovers and cinephiles . To watch a movie or series with acquaintances and friends without the need of subtitles is a blessing for international movie lovers. So is that with the book and novel readers ; there would be no more waiting for your favorite bestseller novel to translate and publish. Consequently, it would be useful for writers too, because their numbers of readers and fans would increase as well and they can have a higher income.

• without the need for
• book and novel readers
• the number of their readers

To be able to communicate and speak in a global language someday in the near or distant future has always been a dream of many people worldwide. Therefore, many scientists since many years ago until this very day have tried to invent a simple grammatical and phonetic language to bring this dream into reality.

• speak a language
• a dream for many people / dream of something
• turn those dreams into reality

Analysis and scoring

• Overall, you’ve improved a lot!
• Cohesion and coherence: 21 of 25%
• Grammatical range and accuracy: 16 of 25%
• Lexical resources: 17 of 25%
• Task achievement: 20 of 25%
• Spelling: Great
• Punctuation: Good
• Word Count: “323 Words” – Excellent
• Time on Essay Writing: “40 Minutes” – Great
• Band score: 7 of 9

About Armaghan Houshmand

Armaghan Houshmand is an enthusiastic twenty-year-old student who is passionate about art, music, cinema, languages and literature. She can speak Persian and English fluently. She is currently working on her writing skills and her French and German.

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2 comments on “IELTS Essay on Global Language with Scoring & Analysis”

The primary reason why I believe global language is a beneficial idea is that if all people worldwide speak and write in the same language, then there would be no concern about misunderstanding or being self-conscious about not being able to communicate. Moreover, for students or workers who are thinking about continuing their career and studies abroad, language degrees or having a certain level of fluency of a required language wouldn’t be a problem anymore.

Having more sympathy and a better comprehension of different cultures is another reason why global language can be extremely helpful. Also, speaking and negotiating with local people from a totally different geographical locations in the same language can bring us new beneficial and qualified information. Therefore, it would be much easier to open our eyes to a new perspective and altitude.

In addition, having a global language someday is good news for book lovers and cinephiles. To watch a movie or series with acquaintances and friends without the need of subtitles is a blessing for international movie lovers. So is that with the book and novel readers; there would be no more waiting for your favorite bestseller novel to translate and publish. Consequently, it would be useful for writers too, because their numbers of readers and fans would increase as well and they can have a higher income.

Time on essay writing: 40 minutes

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Opinion Guest Essay

An Idyll on the Shores of a Toxic Lake

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Text by Jaime Lowe

Photographs by Nicholas Albrecht

Ms. Lowe is the author of, most recently, “Breathing Fire: Female Inmate Firefighters on the Front Lines of California’s Wildfires.” Mr. Albrecht is a photographer based in Oakland, Calif.

• March 29, 2024

There are two ways to experience the town of Bombay Beach, Calif., as a visitor: gawk at the spectacle or fall into the vortex. Thousands of tourists cruise through each year, often without getting out of their cars, to see decaying art installations left over from an annual mid-March gathering of artists, photographers and documentarians known jokingly as the Bombay Beach Biennale. When I went to the town for the first time in 2021, I was looking for salvation in this weird desert town on the Salton Sea south of Palm Springs and Joshua Tree National Park. I dropped in, felt vibes and left with stories. I stared at the eccentric large-scale art, posted photos on Instagram of ruin porn and a hot pink sign on the beach that said, “If you’re stuck, call Kim.” I posed in front of a mountain of painted televisions, swung on a swing over the edge of the lake’s retreating shoreline and explored the half-buried, rusted-out cars that make up an abandoned ersatz drive-in movie theater. On that trip, it felt as if I were inside a “Mad Max” simulation, but I was only scratching the surface of the town.

I returned in December to try to understand why Bombay Beach remains so compelling, especially as extreme weather — heat, hurricanes and drought — and pollution wreak ever more intense havoc on it. Summer temperatures can reach 120 degrees Fahrenheit, tremors from the San Andreas Fault strike regularly, bomb testing from nearby military facilities can be heard and felt, and the air is so toxic from pesticide use, exhaust fumes, factory emissions and dust rising from the retreating Salton Sea that one study showed asthma rates among children in the region are three times the national average. By the end of the decade, the Salton Sea, California’s largest inland body of water, at about 325 square miles, may lose three-quarters of its volume; in the past 20 years, the sea’s surface area has shrunk about 38 square miles .

But people who live in Bombay Beach stay because the town offers a tight-knit community in the midst of catastrophe. Though its residents contend with environmental adversity on a daily basis, they’re also demonstrating how to navigate the uncertain future we all face — neglect, the fight for scarce resources, destruction of home, the feeling of having no place to go. They are an example of how people can survive wild climate frontiers together.

The 250 or so town residents live in the low desert on the east shore of the Salton Sea, which formed in 1905 when the then-flush Colorado River spilled into a depression, creating a freshwater lake that became increasingly saline. There used to be fish — mullet and carp, then tilapia. In the 1950s and ’60s, the area was marketed as a tourist destination and was advertised as Palm Springs by the Sea. More tourists visited Bombay Beach than Yosemite. There were yacht clubs, boat races and water skiing. It became a celebrity magnet: Frank Sinatra hung out there; so did the Beach Boys and Sonny and Cher.

Eventually, as agricultural runoff kept accumulating in a body of water with no drainage, it became toxic and created a lake with salinity that is now 50 percent greater than that of the ocean. In the 1980s, dead fish washed up on the sand, car ruins rusted in the sun, tires rotted on the shore. Tourism vanished. But some in the community hung on. One way to define Bombay Beach is through environmental disaster, but another way is as an example of how to live through disaster and how to live in general.

Candace Youngberg, a town council member and a bartender at the Ski Inn, remembers a very different Bombay Beach. When she was growing up in the 1980s, she’d ride bikes with neighborhood children and run from yard to yard in a pack because there were no fences. But over time, the town changed. With each passing year, she watched necessities disappear. Now there’s no gas station, no laundromat, no hardware store. Fresh produce is hard to come by. A trailer that was devoted to medical care shut down. In 2021, 60.9 percent of Bombay Beach residents lived below the poverty line, compared with the national average of 12.6 percent.

As painful as it was to witness the town of her youth disappear and as deep as the problems there go, Ms. Youngberg admits that adversity bonded those who stayed. She wanted to return Bombay Beach to the version of the town she remembered, to recreate a beautiful place to live year-round, not just in winter, not just during the art season, not just for the tourists posing in front of wreckage. She wanted people to see the homes, the town, the community that once thrived thrive again. With the art came attention and the potential for more resources. She got on the Bombay Beach Community Services District, a town council, and started to work toward improvements like fixing the roads and planting trees to improve air quality.

It might just be that Bombay Beach is a small town, but when I visited last winter, there was something that felt more collaborative, as though everybody’s lives and business and projects overlapped. I’m not sure the community that’s there now started out as intentional, but when fragmented groups of people come together as custodians of an enigmatic space, responsible for protecting it and one another, community is inevitable. Plus, there’s only one place to socialize, one place to gossip, one place to dance out anxiety and only about two-thirds of a square mile to wander. Whether you like it or not, your neighbors are your people — a town in its purest form.

When I was there, I walked the streets with Denia Nealy, an artist who goes by Czar, and my friend Brenda Ann Kenneally, a photographer and writer, who would shout names, and people would instantly emerge. A stranger offered a handful of Tater Tots to Czar and me in a gesture that felt emblematic: Of course a complete stranger on an electric unicycle would cruise by and share nourishment. I was given a butterfly on a stick, which I carried around like a magic wand because that seemed appropriate and necessary. I was told that if I saw a screaming woman walking down the street with a shiv in her hand, not to worry and not to make eye contact and she’d leave me alone; it was just Stabby. There was talk of the Alcoholics Anonymous meeting on the beach, the weekly church sermon led by Jack the preacher (who is also a plumber), a potluck lasagna gathering.

Last year Ms. Kenneally created a trash fashion show/photo series for the Biennale in which she created couture designs out of trash collected from the beach, enlisted regulars in town to model the outfits, then photographed them. (She exhibited a similar series at this year’s festival as well.) The work was a way to showcase the people and the place. Jonathan Hart, a fireworks specialist who slept on the beach, posed like a gladiator; a woman who normally rode through town with a stuffed Kermit the Frog toy strapped to her bike was wrapped in a clear tarp and crown, looking like royalty emerging from the Salton Sea. The environment was harsh, the poses striking. Each frame straddled the line between glamour and destruction but also showcased a community’s pride in survival. Residents were undaunted by the armor of refuse; in fact, it made them stronger. The detritus, what outsiders might think of as garbage, became gorgeous. The landscape that is often described as apocalyptic became ethereal and magical. And that’s because it is.

On my second day, we went down to the docks at noon, and I found myself sitting on a floral mustard couch watching half a dozen or so people taking turns riding Jet Skis into the sun. The sun was hot, even though it was the cool season. Time felt elastic. Mr. Hart told me that he and some friends had fixed up the water scooters to give everyone in town the chance to blow off some steam, to smile a little. It had been a rough couple of months in the region. In preparation for Hurricane Hilary, which hit Mexico and the southwestern United States last August, 26 volunteers made 200 sandbags and delivered them door to door. Neighbors helped secure as many structures as possible.

Most media outlets reported that the hurricane was downgraded to a tropical storm because that’s the weather system that hit Los Angeles, but it was close to a hurricane in Bombay Beach, with winds hitting 60 miles per hour, and most properties were surrounded by water. Roofs collapsed or blew away entirely. “When faced with something like that, they were like, ‘Boom, we’re on it,’” Ms. Youngberg told me. They were together in disaster and in celebrating survival.

It reminded me of the writer Rebecca Solnit’s book “A Paradise Built in Hell,” which considers the upside to catastrophe. She finds that people rise to the occasion and oftentimes do it with joy because disaster and survival leave a wake of purposefulness, consequential work and community. Disasters require radical acts of imagination and interaction. It seemed that because Bombay Beach lived hard, surviving climate catastrophes like extreme weather on top of everyday extremes, it celebrated even harder. It seemed that in Bombay Beach there’s enough to celebrate if you just get through the day, gaze at the night sky and do it all again in the morning.

A lot of the residents who live there now arrived with trauma. Living there is its own trauma. But somehow the combination creates a place of care and physical and emotional presence. People experience life intensely, as one. It’s a town that is isolated, but in spite of a loneliness epidemic, it doesn’t seem so lonely to be there. I felt unexpected joy in what, from everything I’d read from afar, was a place that might as well have been sinking into the earth. I felt so safe and so happy that if we had sunk into the earth together, it wouldn’t have felt like such a bad way to go.

On my last night in Bombay Beach, I went to the Ski Inn, a bar that serves as the center of all social activity. I’d been in town for only two days, and yet it felt as if I’d been to the Ski Inn a million times, as if I already knew everyone and they knew me. A band was playing, we danced and drank, and I forgot about the 8 p.m. kitchen cutoff. The chef apologized, but he’d been working since 11:45 a.m. and had already cleaned the grill and fryer. He’d saved one mac and cheese for the bartender, and when she heard I hadn’t eaten, she offered to split it with me, not wanting me to go hungry or leave without having tried the mac and cheese.

Bombay Beach is a weird place. And this was an especially weird feeling. I had been instantly welcomed into the fold of community and cared for, even though I was a stranger in a very strange land.

I realized I didn’t want to leave. There were lessons there — how to live with joy and purpose in the face of certain catastrophe, how to exist in the present without the ever presence of doom. Next time, I thought, I’d stay longer, maybe forever, and actually ride a Jet Ski.

Jaime Lowe is a Knight-Wallace journalism fellow at the University of Michigan and the author of, most recently, “Breathing Fire: Female Inmate Firefighters on the Front Lines of California’s Wildfires.” Nicholas Albrecht is a photographer based in Oakland, Calif. His first monograph, “One, No One and One Hundred Thousand,” was the culmination of a multiyear project made while living on the shores of the Salton Sea.

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Microsoft Copilot for Security

Microsoft copilot for security is generally available on april 1, 2024, with new capabilities.

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Microsoft Copilot for Security became generally available for purchase on April 1, 2024. Pricing information can be found here.

Today, we are excited to announce that Microsoft Copilot for Security will be generally available worldwide on April 1, 2024. The industry’s first generative AI solution will help security and IT professionals catch what others miss, move faster, and strengthen team expertise. Copilot is informed by large-scale data and threat intelligence, including more than 78 trillion security signals processed by Microsoft each day, and coupled with large language models to deliver tailored insights and guide next steps. With Copilot, you can protect at the speed and scale of AI and transform your security operations.

Powerful new capabilities, new integrations, and industry-leading generative AI—generally available on April 1, 2024.

We are inspired by the results of our second Copilot for Security economic study , which shows that experienced security professionals are faster and more accurate when using Copilot, and they overwhelmingly want to continue using Copilot. The gains are truly amazing:

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This new study focuses on experienced security professionals and expands the randomized controlled trial we published last November, which focused on new-in-career security professionals. Both studies measured the effects on productivity when analysts performed security tasks using Copilot for Security compared to a control group that did not. The combined results of both studies demonstrate that everyone—across all levels of experience and types of expertise—can make gains in security with Copilot. When we put Copilot in the hands of security teams, we can break down barriers to entry and advancement, and improve the work experience for everyone. Copilot enables security for all.

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Global availability and broad ecosystem

General availability means Copilot for Security will be available worldwide on April 1, 2024. Copilot is multilingual and can process prompts and respond in eight languages with a multilingual interface for 25 different languages, making it ready for all major geographies across North and South America, Europe, and Asia.

Copilot has grown a broad, global ecosystem of more than 100 partners consisting of managed security service providers and independent software vendors. We are so grateful to the partners who continue to play a vital role in empowering everyone to confidently adopt safe and responsible AI.

Partners can learn more about integrating with Copilot .

New Copilot for Security product innovations

Microsoft Copilot for Security helps security and IT professionals amplify their skillsets, collaborate more effectively, see more, and respond faster.

As part of general availability, Copilot for Security includes the following new capabilities:

• Custom promptbooks allow customers to create and save their own series of natural language prompts for common security workstreams and tasks.
• Knowledge base integrations , in preview, empowers you to integrate Copilot for Security with your business context, so you can search and query over your proprietary content.
• Multi-language support now allows Copilot to process prompts and respond in eight different languages with 25 languages supported in the interface.  
• Third-party integrations from global partners who are actively developing integrations and services.
• Connect to your curated external attack surface from Microsoft Defender External Attack Surface Management to identify and analyze the most up-to-date information on your organization’s external attack surface risks.
• Microsoft Entra audit logs and diagnostic logs give additional insight for a security investigation or IT issue analysis of audit logs related to a specific user or event, summarized in natural language.
• Usage reporting provides dashboard insights on how your teams use Copilot so that you can identify even more opportunities for optimization.

To dive deeper into the above announcement and learn about pricing, read the blog on Tech Community . Read the full report to dig into the complete results of our research study or view the infographic. To learn more about Microsoft Copilot for Security, visit our product page or check out our solutions that include Copilot . If you’re interested in a demo or are ready to purchase, please contact your sales representative.

“Threat actors are getting more sophisticated. Things happen fast, so we need to be able to respond fast. With the help of Copilot for Security, we can start focusing on automated responses instead of manual responses. It’s a huge gamechanger for us.”  —Mario Ferket, Chief Information Security Officer, Dow 

AI-powered security for all

With general availability, Copilot for Security will be available as two rich user experiences: in an immersive standalone portal or embedded into existing security products.

Integration of Copilot with Microsoft Security products will make it even easier for your IT and security professionals to take advantage of speed and accuracy gains demonstrated in our study. Enjoy the product portals you know and love, now enhanced with Copilot capabilities and skills specific to use cases for each product.

The unified security operations platform , coming soon, delivers an embedded Copilot experience within the Microsoft Defender portal for security information and event management (SIEM) and extended detection and response (XDR) that will prompt users as they investigate and respond to threats. Copilot automatically surfaces relevant details for summaries, drives efficiency with guided response, empowers analysts at all levels with natural language to Kusto Query Language (KQL) and script and file analysis, and now includes the ability to assess risks with the latest Microsoft threat intelligence.

Copilot in Microsoft Entra user risk investigation , now in preview, helps you prevent identity compromise and respond to threats quickly. This embedded experience in Microsoft Entra provides a summary in natural language of the user risk indicators and tailored guidance for resolving the risk. Copilot also recommends ways to automate prevention and resolution for future identity attacks, such as with a recommended Microsoft Entra Conditional Access policy, to increase your security posture and keep help desk calls to a minimum.

To help data security and compliance administrators prioritize and address critical alerts more easily, Copilot in Microsoft Purview now provides concise alert summaries, integrated insights, and natural language support within their trusted investigation workflows with the click of a button.

Copilot in Microsoft Intune , now in preview , will help IT professionals and security analysts make better-informed decisions for endpoint management. Copilot in Intune can simplify root cause determination with complete device context, error code analysis, and device configuration comparisons. This makes it possible to detect and remediate issues before they become problems.

Discover, protect, and govern AI usage

As more generative AI services are introduced in the market for all business functions, it is crucial to recognize that as this technology brings new opportunities, it also introduces new challenges and risks. With this in mind, Microsoft is providing customers with greater visibility, protection, and governance over their AI applications, whether they are using Microsoft Copilot or third-party generative AI apps. We want to make it easier for everyone to confidently and securely adopt AI.

To help organizations protect and govern the use of AI, we are enabling the following experiences within our portfolio of products:

• Discover AI risks : Security teams can discover potential risks associated with AI usage, such as sensitive data leaks and users accessing high-risk applications.
• Protect AI apps and data : Security and IT teams can protect the AI applications in use and the sensitive data being reasoned over or generated by them, including the prompts and responses.
• Govern usage : Security teams can govern the use of AI applications by retaining and logging interactions with AI apps, detecting any regulatory or organizational policy violations when using those apps, and investigating any new incidents.

At Microsoft Ignite in November 2023, we introduced the first wave of capabilities to help secure and govern AI usage. Today, we are excited to announce the new out-of-the-box threat detections for Copilot for Microsoft 365 in Defender for Cloud Apps. This capability, along with the data security and compliance controls in Microsoft Purview, strengthens the security of Copilot so organizations can work on all types of data, whether sensitive or not, in a secure and responsible way. Learn more about how to secure and govern AI .

Expanded end-to-end protection to help you secure everything

Microsoft continues to expand on our long-standing commitment to providing customers with the most complete end-to-end protection for your entire digital estate. With the full Microsoft Security portfolio, you can gain even greater visibility, control, and governance—especially as you embrace generative AI—with solutions and pricing that fit your organization. New or recent product features include:

Microsoft Security Exposure Management is a new unified posture and attack surface management solution within the unified security operations platform that gives you insights into your overall assets and recommends priority security initiatives for continuous improvement. You’ll have a comprehensive view of your organization’s exposure to threats and automatic discovery of critical assets to help you proactively improve your security posture and lower the risk of exposure of business-critical assets and sensitive data. Visualization tools give you an attacker’s-eye view to help you investigate exposure attempts and uncover potential attack paths to critical assets through threat modeling and proactive risk exploration. It’s now easier than ever to identify exposure gaps and take action to minimize risk and business disruption .

Adaptive Protection , a feature of Microsoft Purview, is now integrated with Microsoft Entra Conditional Access. This integration allows you to better safeguard your organization from insider risks such as data leakage, intellectual property theft, and confidentiality violations. With this integration, you can create Conditional Access policies to automatically respond to insider risks and block user access to applications to secure your data.

Microsoft Communication Compliance now provides both sentiment indicators and insights to enrich Microsoft Purview Insider Risk Management policies and to identify communication risks across Microsoft Teams, Exchange, Microsoft Viva Exchange, Copilot, and third-party channels. 

Microsoft Intune launched three new solutions in February as part of the Microsoft Intune Suite: Intune Enterprise Application Management, Microsoft Cloud PKI, and Intune Advanced Analytics. Intune Endpoint Privilege Management is also rolling out the option to enable support approved elevations.

Security for all in the age of AI

Microsoft Copilot for Security is a force multiplier for the entire Microsoft Security portfolio, which integrates more than 50 categories within six product families to form one end-to-end Microsoft Security solution. By implementing Copilot for Security, you can protect your environment from every angle, across security, compliance, identity, device management, and privacy. In the age of AI, it’s more important than ever to have a unified solution that eliminates the gaps in protection that are created by siloed tools.

The coming general availability of Copilot on April 1, 2024, is truly a milestone moment. With Copilot, you and your security team can confidently lead your organization into the age of AI. We will continue to deliver on Microsoft’s vision for security: to empower defenders with the advantage of industry-leading generative AI and to provide the tools to safely, responsibly, and securely deploy, use, and govern AI. We are so proud to work together with you to drive this AI transformation and enable security for all.

Join us April 3, 2024, at the Microsoft Secure Tech Accelerator for a deep dive into technical information that will help you and your team implement Copilot. Learn how to secure your AI, see demonstrations, and ask our product team questions. RSVP now .

Microsoft Secure

Watch the second annual Microsoft Secure digital event to learn how to bring world-class threat intelligence, complete end-to-end protection, and industry-leading, responsible AI to your organization.

To learn more about Microsoft Security solutions, visit our  website.  Bookmark the  Security blog  to keep up with our expert coverage on security matters. Also, follow us on LinkedIn ( Microsoft Security ) and X ( @MSFTSecurity ) for the latest news and updates on cybersecurity.

Global English Language Development Essay

Introduction, people who speak english across the world, causes of the global spread of english, beneficiaries of the global english, how english got to where it is today, advantages and disadvantage of the global spread of english.

Global English refers to the use of English language as the main means of communication, irrespective of its dialects. It also implies the process of using the English language as the standard mode of communication among global communities. Alternatively referred to as common English, general English, or universal English, global English implies the collective varieties of English language that people speak across the word. While studying how global English has spread across the word, differentiation of its dialects such as the American English, Australian English, and Britain English among others is important.

The need to facilitate trade has led to the deliberate universal spread of the English language. Although global English may suggest the standardisation of the language as a means of communication across the globe, there lacks consensus towards such a possibility. Although there have been proposals on how to internationalise English to ensure its higher accessibility among people from different nations, some steps such as the development of Basic English have incredibly failed. Major challenges emerge in the process of harmonising spellings and pronunciation of words. As the paper reveals, irrespective of the dialect, the number of people who speak the English language across the world continues to rise.

English constitutes one of the major languages that are spoken around the world. Yoshikawa (2005, p.354) states that it is spoken in nations such as ‘the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, and various Caribbean, and Pacific island nations.’ Indeed, English has been declared the national language in countries such as Singapore, Pakistan, Philippines, and some sub–Saharan African nations that include Kenya, Nigeria, and Uganda among other nations. However, in these nations, it does not imply that 100% of the population can fluently communicate in it.

Thus, determining the exact number of its speakers across the globe is problematic. While the census figures in nations where it is widely spoken may provide a more accurate approach to determining the precise number of its speakers, such figures approximate the population size. Nevertheless, not all people in the above-mentioned nations speak in it.

From the above expositions, all attempts to determine the number of English speakers across the word involves making approximations. Ethnologue (2015) informs that by 2014, English language had about 400 million speakers in 8 nations among them the US, South Africa, New Zealand, and the UK. Saville-Troike (2006) approximates that about 1.4 billion people speak English. Approximately 950 million individuals speak it as a second language while about 427 million are its native speakers. Why do people converse using the language?

People speak English to exchange ideas, opinions, feelings, and any other aspect of expression. The idea that people use English because of higher probabilities of getting the audience to understand it encounters immense criticism. For example, Saville-Troike (2006) claims that no statistical findings have been established to indicate precisely that the English language is the most spoken language across the globe. However, globalisation has led to the transfer of different cultures across societal and national boundaries. Language is one element of culture. Therefore, through the consumption of foreign products and services that come with globalisation, people often learn new languages, including English.

English has now spread across the globe so that the number of individuals who use it as a second or foreign language overshadows its native speakers (Jenkins 2006; McKay 2003). As Widdowson (1997) admits, English has developed into an intercontinental language. What has caused this spread? Is the global spread of English deliberate? These questions are important in the analysis of how English has spread to become an international language.

Jenkins (2006) and Bolton (2005) reveal how Braj B. Kachru’s model of three concentric circles of the English language can be deployed to explain well how the language has spread. Caine (2008, p.2) says that the model summarises the elements that define the stretch of English, including chronological, sociolinguistic, attainment, and fictitious aspects. Kachru’s model demonstrates how English spreads in a number of phases.

The first phase entails its spread that was witnessed in nations such as the British Isles, Ireland, and Scotland during the 16 th and 17 th centuries. The second phase followed thereafter through the spreading of the language in Australia, New Zealand, and North America. In the third phase, namely that Raj phase, the language spread in regions where its speaking communities had not existed before such as Asia and East Africa. This extension gave it a cross-cultural attribute so that it became a pluralistic language.

Although English language now spreads deliberately through advent of globalisation, it was not deliberate in the 18 and 19 th century. For example, people from English-speaking communities colonised non-English speaking communities. In the process, the colonised individuals learned the language of their master. Apart from making it possible to communicate with their masters, learning the coloniser’s language was an indication of civilisation in some communities. This observation was the case in Asia and East Africa (Saville-Troike 2006). Even in the US, people deliberately learn the language for them to fit in different systems, including the US education system. In the global age, products that are accessible via the global platforms are availed to one common market, namely the global market.

The global spread of English has benefited many international societies. Business people build their businesses’ competitive advantage around selling to people from multicultural backgrounds. In the trade relationships, they require a medium of communication. The wide prevalence of English in global societies means that these businesses have ease of access to international consumers. However, if success in the global markets depends on the ability to communicate in an international language, the degree of success in the markets depends on the level of accessibility of its learning. Thus, consistent with Master’s (1998) view, the main beneficiaries of the global spread of English are people who have the quickest accessibility to its learning. These are mainly its native speakers.

Upon considering that English receives its reputation from forces such as globalisation of power, its spreading benefits people who support only the same school of thought. For example, anti-globalisation groups are against the erosion of indigenous culture through the globalisation of the English language and its native cultures. Bolton (2005, p.74) supports this assertion by adding, ‘fearing a Disneyfication of the world with a corresponding loss of local cultures, languages, and lifestyles, the spread of English is frequently regarded with scepticism’.

Although it is true that English has colonised other languages and that it is not deployed to achieve only communication functions, it denies its native speakers the power to regulate its spreading. Many people modify it while introducing it in their cultures. They want prestige that is associated with its internationality. In this process, its native speakers can export their cultures and cultural products. Ultimately, English native speakers are the major beneficiaries of the global spreading of English language.

The spread of English started with the imperialistic process of empire building that was being explored by Britain. Political, economic, and cultural progression of the US followed to define neo-imperialism. By 1922, Britain had the biggest empire in the world. It occupied about 25% of the total surface of the earth where it covered a population of more than 450 million (Saville-Troike 2006). In the colonies, the primary the objective of education system was to acquire the English language. Therefore, the economic and academic success of the colonised people depended mainly on the capacity of mastering the language (Phillipson 1992).

When World War II ended, the colonised nations retained their dependence on the English language. They selected it as one of their national languages. Indeed, people who selected it were the products of the outgoing colonial regime education (Phillipson 1992).

This situation led to the dominance of English in more than 75 British colonies. After the attainment of sovereignty by the US and the disbanding of the Soviet Union, the United States became the only superpower across the world. In the 20 th and 21 st centuries, economic, political, and cultural influence of the US had been a major driver of prominence of the English language across the world. In the information-based global economy, more than 45 percent of websites had appeared in the English language by September 2012 where many of them were based in the US.

Today, China presents the only major threat to the proliferation of English as a global language through cultural, political, and economic influence of the US. However, distinct political, monetary, intellectual, or martial powers cannot foster the international spread of a language. For example, amid the enormous economic growth of Japan between 1960s and 1990s, Japanese never became a global language. Promulgation of a language into a global tongue requires the combination of cultural, economic, and political influence of its promulgators. It is on this account that Latin preceded English in its global spreading.

The spread of the English language promises improvements in terms of communication across the globe. However, it limits the opportunity for running global businesses for people who get chances to learn English (Caine 2008). This capitalism has led to the viral spreading of the English language, especially as people from all linguistic backgrounds now compete in the global market. For them to reach global mass consumers, a common medium of communication is needed.

Consequently, such people look for ways of learning the most commonly used language in global communication. Therefore, the spread of global English has had positive effects in global trade through the reduction of language barrier problems. Nevertheless, not all people have had an opportunity to learn it. Hence, linguistic capitalism remains an enormous negative implication of the spread of global English. The global spread of English has the advantage of easing communication between its learners. It helps in business negotiations across the globe in the effort to drive economies. It also gives people who study languages an opportunity to make translations. However, it also presents disadvantages. Its massive spread has made many businesses adopt it in their operations. As such, the spread has led to the loss of value of some indigenous languages and hence cultural fragmentation.

Bolton, K 2005, ‘Symposium on world Englishes today (part II): Where WE stands: Approaches, issues, and debate in world Englishes’, World Englishes, vol. 24 no. 1, pp. 69-83. Web.

Caine, T 2008, ‘Do You Speak Global? The Spread of English and the Implications for English Language Teaching’, Canadian Journal for New Scholars in Education , vol. 1 no. 1, pp. 1-11. Web.

Ethnologue 2015, Languages of the World: Statistical Summaries . Web.

Jenkins, J 2006, ‘Current perspectives on teaching world Englishes and English as a lingua franca’, TESOL Quarterly, vol. 40 no. 1, pp. 157-181. Web.

Master, P 1998, ‘Positive and negative aspects of the dominance of English’, TESOL Quarterly, vol. 32 no .4, pp, 716-727. Web.

McKay, S 2003, ‘Toward an appropriate EIL pedagogy: Re-examining common ELT assumptions’, International Journal of Applied Linguistics, vol. 13 no. 1, pp. 1-22. Web.

Phillipson, R 1992, Linguistic Imperialism , Oxford UP, Oxford, England. Web.

Saville-Troike, M 2006, Introducing Second Language Acquisition , Cambridge UP, Cambridge, UK. Web.

Widdowson, H 1997, ‘The forum: EIL, ESL, EFL: Global issues and local interests’, World Englishes, vol. 16 no. 1, pp. 135-146. Web.

Yoshikawa, H 2005, ‘Recognition of world Englishes: Change in Chukyo, University students’ attitudes’, World Englishes, vol. 24 no. 3, pp. 351-360. Web.

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Title: retrieval-enhanced knowledge editing for multi-hop question answering in language models.

Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown proficiency in question-answering tasks but often struggle to integrate real-time knowledge updates, leading to potentially outdated or inaccurate responses. This problem becomes even more challenging when dealing with multi-hop questions since they require LLMs to update and integrate multiple knowledge pieces relevant to the questions. To tackle the problem, we propose the Retrieval-Augmented model Editing (RAE) framework tailored for multi-hop question answering. RAE first retrieves edited facts and then refines the language model through in-context learning. Specifically, our retrieval approach, based on mutual information maximization, leverages the reasoning abilities of LLMs to identify chain facts that naïve similarity-based searches might miss. Additionally, our framework incorporates a pruning strategy to eliminate redundant information from the retrieved facts, which enhances the editing accuracy and mitigates the hallucination problem. Our framework is supported by theoretical justification for its fact retrieval efficacy. Finally, comprehensive evaluation across various LLMs validates RAE's ability in providing accurate answers with updated knowledge.

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Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them.

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‘Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire’ Roars to Life With Glorious Global Box Office Debut

'Godzilla x Kong' has already recovered its reported production budget of $135 million.

The Big Picture

• Godzilla x Kong exceeded box office expectations, grossing $194 million globally in its opening weekend.
• The movie had a strong performance in domestic and Chinese markets, grossing $80 million in the US and $44 million in China.
• Despite mixed reviews, Godzilla x Kong garnered a high audience score of 92% and an A- CinemaScore, indicating potential for continued success.

Bolstered by an exceptional performance in both the domestic market and particularly China, Warner Bros. and Legendary’s Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire blazed past expectations in its global box office debut. The monster mashup movie generated around $194 million worldwide , after opening in select overseas territories a couple of days prior to its stateside release, where it exceeded expectations by $30 million thanks to unexpected walk-in crowds over the Easter break. Around $20 million of this global haul came from IMAX theaters, continuing a recent successful streak for the format initiated by Oppenheimer and subsequently strengthened by Dune: Part Two .

Godzilla x Kong grossed an estimated $80 million in its first weekend domestically — this is the second-biggest debut of the year behind Dune: Part Two , and the second-best in the history of the now decade-old MonsterVerse . The movie also grossed $44 million in its opening weekend in China , which is a huge deal for a Hollywood movie in the post-pandemic era. Famously, the MonsterVerse’s last installment, Godzilla vs. Kong , grossed nearly twice as much in the Middle Kingdom as it did in North America. But it also marked the end of an era, because China started restricting the release of foreign films shortly afterward. Other significant overseas markets for Godzilla x Kong are Mexico ($12 million), India ($5.5 million), and the U.K. ($5.3 million).

W.B. and Legendary took into account the unreliability of the Chinese market, reportedly restricting Godzilla x Kong ’s budget to an unusually low $135 million . By comparison, previous installments of the MonsterVerse reportedly cost between $150 million and $200 million to produce. The franchise’s top-grossing film remains 2017’s Kong: Skull Island , which concluded its theatrical run with $560 million worldwide. The series’ first film, 2014’s Godzilla , grossed $530 million globally.

The MonsterVerse Is the Rare Successful Cinematic Universe Outside the MCU

The MonsterVerse experienced a bit of a setback in 2019, when Godzilla: King of the Monsters failed to crack the $400 million mark worldwide, but bounced back handsomely in 2021 when Godzilla vs. Kong delivered a $470 million global haul despite a day-and-date release on HBO Max streaming service. Directed by Adam Wingard , the film’s tone deviated significantly from the more grounded origins of the franchise, and this is the direction in which the series appears to be headed under his stewardship.

Also directed by Wingard, Godzilla x Kong opened to mixed reviews. The movie sits at a “rotten” 55% score on the aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , although its audience score is significantly higher at 92% . The film’s A- CinemaScore from opening day crowds bodes well for its future, and there’s a strong chance that the movie will play well into the next month. Collider’s Ross Bonaime called Godzilla x Kong the “most absurd” installment of the franchise in his review , and criticized how the film's human characters were drawn.

Starring Rebecca Hall , Dan Stevens , Bryan Tyree Henry and Kaylee Hottle , Godzilla x Kong is now playing in theaters. Stay tuned to Collider for more updates.

Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire

Kong and the fearsome Godzilla face off against a colossal undiscovered threat hidden within our world, challenging their very existence – and our own.

Get Tickets

Gaza: World court issues fresh measures for Israel as crisis deepens

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The International Court of Justice (ICJ) on Thursday issued new provisional measures for Israel as the humanitarian situation in bombarded and besieged Gaza continues to deteriorate.

The world court issued the  new order in response to a recent request made by South Africa, which submitted a case in December accusing Israel of genocide in Gaza, based on its continuing offensive following Hamas-led attacks in southern Israel which left almost 1,200 dead and more than 240 taken hostage. 

Since then, more than 32,000 Palestinians have been killed by Israeli strikes and attacks, according to figures from Gaza’s health ministry.

Israel to ensure aid deliveries

The ICJ provisional measures state that Israel, “in view of the worsening conditions of life faced by Palestinians in Gaza, in particular the spread of famine and starvation”, shall take “all necessary and effective measures to ensure, without delay, in full cooperation with the United Nations, the unhindered provision at scale by all concerned of urgently needed basic services and humanitarian assistance  to Palestinians throughout Gaza”.

The measures outline that the required aid includes food, water, electricity, fuel, shelter, clothing, hygiene and sanitation requirements, as well as medical supplies and medical care.

Orders to open more land crossings

The fresh ICJ order also calls on Israel, as a signatory to the Genocide Convention , to undertake those measures, “ including by increasing the capacity and number of land crossing points  and maintaining them open for as long as necessary”.

Additional measures call for Israel to ensure “with immediate effect that its military does not commit acts which constitute a violation of any of the rights of the Palestinians in Gaza as a protected group” under the Genocide Convention.

This includes “by preventing, through any action, the delivery of urgently needed humanitarian assistance”, according to the ICJ.

The court also decided that Israel shall submit a report to the ICJ on all measures within one month.

UN: All Member States must abide by ICJ decisions

UN Spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric reminded journalists at his daily briefing that the ICJ operates independently.

“We do believe as a matter of principle that all Member States abide by decisions of the court,” he said.

The ICJ was established by the UN Charter as the principal judicial organ of the UN.

Read our explainer on the ICJ here .