essay for water resources

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Essay on Water Resource | 700+ Paragraph on Water Resource

Essay on water resource.

Out of various things that a human being needs for survival, water is one of them. Water is one of the most precious resources for humans as well as other creatures living. It is very essential and comes from its own resource. Resource in simple terms can be defined as the place where a certain substance can be widely found and supplied from. So water resources are the sources from where we can obtain water. They are vital for humans and other animals alike. But like everything, water resource to isn’t infinite. Although the water cycle helps replenish some amount of water sources, human activities are not helping it stabilize and distribute it evenly.

Our earth is 3 half water but we still face problems of water scarcity. This is because out of the water resources that can be found like the seas and the oceans only 2.5% is readily available for human consumption. Other water resources are either salty or not suitable for consumption. The water we can drink is known as freshwater. Freshwater can be found in sources like rivers, streams, glacial lakes, wells, etc. Water found here is drinkable and not harmful for humans and other animals. Freshwater comes from sources like mountains, underground water lakes, etc. This is an important resource that we must try and not pollute.

📌 Another Essay –  Essay on Pollution

Without water, we cannot imagine our life. The scarcity of water resources will bring extinction to other animals and human races. Water is not only used by humans for drinking and maintaining their bodily systems but also for other purposes. We use water for irrigation, cleansing our bodies, washing our clothes, other equipment, and objects, manufacture other products, etc. It is very essential to run our daily life. So we can imagine the importance it carries for other animals and plants too. It is due to the presence of water and sunlight that the plants can produce fruits, products and give off O2, without it, we cannot survive too. In a way, it is all a cycle where one depends on another.

But there are cases where we can hear people dying from thirst and the lack of availability of water. This is mainly due to the climatic changes that occur. Climate change can all be traced back to human activities. Unmanaged industrialization and urbanization have massively reduced the quality of air, water, and soil. It has left them polluted where the quality of health decreases altogether. It also leads to change in weather patterns due to greenhouse effects and other activities. Loss of human settlement, lives of people and animals take place due to the weather changes as drought, floods occur. Ecosystems also change and most importantly, the water cycle.

Some places receive less while some places receive over rainfall too. People who depend on rainwater for farming are left helpless as they watch their crops dry away or drown in the heavy rainfall. Not only that lack of water resources can be seen in places that rely heavily on huge sources of water. Clean drinking water is required for the body to flush out unwanted wastes and keep fit. Bad water resources will degrade the health of the residents.

Proper thoughts must be given out for the management of water resources. Water demand already exceeds in most places of the world and with the current rate of depletion of water resources we can soon see scarcity of water everywhere. For this, plans and policies must be carried out to promote afforestation as it helps maintain the water cycle, absorb air pollution to some extent and keep the ecosystem running. Factory and home wastes should also not be dumped near water resources to keep them away from pollution and infestation. Water resources should be kept clean and activities such as washing clothes, toiletry should be avoided near them.  People should be kept aware of the growing scarcity of water and make them not wastewater, use alternatives like rainwater too. We can recycle water by using them in irrigation too.

Water resources are vital for the survival of human beings. We cannot live without it and it is the duty of the most intelligent species on Earth to be responsible for the pollution we’re doing and try and divert the oncoming crisis. We are responsible for other creatures on Earth too. Water should not be used extravagantly and pollution should be avoided. That way we can maximise the amount of time we have to think for better solutions like using sea water in factory amounts to produce clean drinking water for all.

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Essay on Water Conservation: Samples in 150, 200, 250 Words

• Updated on  
• Oct 17, 2023

What makes you curious to write an essay on water conservation? This life-saving resource is essential for all forms of life on Earth. Water is the essential natural resource present on Earth. Out of the total water present on Earth, 97.5% is salt water and 2.5% is fresh water. 70% of the human body is made of water. But, with the growing population , and climatic crisis , we are facing the urgent need to conserve water.

Water conservation is a hot topic, if you need a sample essay on water conservation then, you are at the right place. In this blog post, we have covered essays on water conservation in 100, 200, and 250 words. So, stay tuned and read further to get some ideas about water conservation!

Table of Contents

• 1 Essay on Water Conservation in 100 Words
• 2 Essay on Water Conservation in 200 Words
• 3.1 Water Scarcity
• 3.2 Ways to Conserve Water

Also Read: World Water Day

Essay on Water Conservation in 100 Words

Water is crucial for all components of life which makes it a necessary resource for day-to-day activities. We use water for domestic activities like cooking, bathing, drinking, washing, etc. So, ultimately the consumption of water is very high. This makes it necessary to conserve water. Just as air, water is also important for life. Besides, water consumption, water pollution, and water scarcity are also some of the major water-related issues that need attention so that we can conserve water.

Every year we celebrate World Water Day on 22 March. This day is celebrated to spread awareness about the importance of water and run campaigns to conserve water on Earth. There are several ways to conserve water such as switching to showers, turning off taps when not in use, don’t pollute water bodies, storing rainwater, etc.

Also Read: Essay on Water Pollution

Essay on Water Conservation in 200 Words

Water is one of the Earth’s most precious resources. But the world is facing water scarcity. As per the SDA report 2022, around 2 billion people worldwide are lacking safe drinking water. This means they are more vulnerable to diseases and unhealthy life. 

Apart from the increasing population, climatic change is also hampering the quality of water. Floods and Droughts are more frequent due to the vulnerability of climate, thereby increasing the need to conserve water.

Water conservation is vital to meet the growing global demand for fresh water. Water consumption is very high for agriculture, industry, and households. By conserving water, we can ensure that there is a surplus amount of water to use and avoid conflicts over this limited resource.

Water conservation helps to maintain a balance in the ecosystem because every living thing on this planet is directly associated with the use of water. Reducing water consumption reduces the energy footprint associated with water supply.

The best ways of water conservation are rainwater harvesting , installing water plants, reusing water for gardening purposes, turning off taps when not in use, proper irrigation, installing automatic tap shut-off devices, not polluting water sources, and many more.

If we don’t want to witness the world die due to water scarcity then, it’s high time to conserve water and save the planet and future generations.

Also Read: Essay on Save Water

Also Read: Speech on Save Water

Water Conservation Essay 250 Words

Water conservation is a crucial step in protecting the environment. It is an important compound that supports life on Earth. The world has been facing water-related disasters due to scarcity of freshwater. 70% of the earth as well as the human body is composed of water, but there is a limited amount of freshwater to use. Owing to the ever-increasing population, climatic changes, global warming, and pollution, the need for the conservation of water is increasing. To do so, it is our fundamental duty to conserve water by planting more trees, managing water plants, storing rainwater, and making smart use of water. 

Water Scarcity

Water scarcity is a critical global issue that needs strict attention when the demand for freshwater exceeds the available supply of water. It can manifest in various ways, including a lack of access to clean drinking water, inadequate water for agriculture and industrial processes, and stressed or depleted natural water sources. 

Here are some factors that contribute to water scarcity:

• Climate change
• Growing population
• Global warming
• Inefficient water management
• Water pollution
• Increasing demand
• Poor irrigation techniques
• Wastage of water, and much more.

Ways to Conserve Water

Conserving water is crucial to help address water scarcity and ensure a sustainable water supply for both present and future generations. You can contribute individually by taking small measures to conserve water like turning off the tap. Likewise, here are some ways to conserve water:

• Drip irrigation technique
• Soil management
• Plantation of drought-tolerant crops
• Apply Mulching
• Recycle and reuse water
• Rainwater harvesting
• Desalination
• Spread awareness to conserve water
• Donate to the water cleaning campaign
• Implement proper water management techniques.

Also Read: Types of Water Pollution

Related Articles:

Water conservation is the individual or collective practice of efficient use of water. This helps in protecting the earth from the situation of water scarcity. We can individually contribute to water conservation by not wasting water, reducing the over-consumption of water, rainwater harvesting, etc. Water conservation is an important call because there is a limited amount of fresh water available on earth.

Here are 10 ways to save water. 1. Rainwater harvesting 2 Install water plants 3. Reuse water 4. Maintain proper water management plans 5. Fix the irrigation system 6. Use a bucket 7. Turn off the tap when not in use 8. Keep a regular check on pipe leakage 9. Do not pollute water bodies 10. Participate in water cleaning campaigns

Here are 5 points on the importance of water conservation: It helps the ecosystem; Water conservation is necessary for drought-prone areas; It helps reduce costs; Water conservation improves the quality of water; and Maintains the health of the aquatic ecosystem.

For more information on such interesting topics, visit our essay writing page and follow Leverage Edu .

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Essay on Water Resources

Students are often asked to write an essay on Water Resources in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Water Resources

What are water resources.

Water resources are sources of water that are useful or potentially useful to humans. They include groundwater, rivers, lakes, and collected rainwater.

Importance of Water Resources

Water resources are essential for survival. They provide drinking water, irrigation for crops, and power for industries. Without water resources, life as we know it would not exist.

Threats to Water Resources

Water resources are under threat from pollution, overuse, and climate change. This can lead to water scarcity, affecting people, animals, and plants.

Conserving Water Resources

It’s crucial to conserve water resources. This can be done by reducing water usage, recycling water, and protecting water sources from pollution.

Also check:

• 10 Lines on Water Resources
• Speech on Water Resources

250 Words Essay on Water Resources

Introduction.

Water resources refer to the supply of groundwater and surface water in a given area. They are fundamental to life, ecosystems, and economies, playing a vital role in agriculture, industry, household chores, and maintaining biodiversity.

Significance of Water Resources

Water resources are essential for sustaining life and promoting development. They contribute to food security by providing water for irrigation, enabling crop production. Moreover, they facilitate various industrial processes, including cooling, dilution, and transportation.

Challenges to Water Resources

Despite their importance, water resources are under threat due to overuse, pollution, and climate change. Over-extraction for agriculture and industry is depleting groundwater reserves, while pollution from human activities is contaminating both surface and groundwater. Climate change is exacerbating these issues, altering precipitation patterns and increasing the frequency of extreme weather events.

Water Resource Management

Effective management of water resources is critical. This involves balancing the competing demands of different sectors, ensuring equitable access, and protecting the natural environment. Strategies include water conservation, pollution control, and the use of technology to enhance water efficiency.

In conclusion, water resources are invaluable, underpinning a wide range of social, economic, and environmental functions. However, they are under increasing pressure, and their sustainable management is a pressing global challenge. Through collective action and innovative solutions, we can ensure the continued availability of these vital resources for future generations.

500 Words Essay on Water Resources

Water resources are an essential aspect of our planet, playing a crucial role in supporting life and maintaining ecological balance. These resources, including rivers, lakes, oceans, and groundwater, serve multiple purposes, from being a source of drinking water to supporting agriculture and industry.

The Importance of Water Resources

Water resources are fundamental to human survival and development. They provide water for drinking, sanitation, and food production, making them indispensable for human health and food security. Moreover, water resources are crucial for energy production, as hydropower is a significant source of renewable energy.

Challenges Facing Water Resources

Despite their importance, water resources face numerous challenges. Overexploitation, pollution, and climate change are the primary threats. Overuse of water resources, especially for irrigation, often leads to water scarcity. Pollution, mainly from industrial and agricultural activities, affects the quality of water, making it unsafe for consumption and damaging aquatic ecosystems. Climate change exacerbates these challenges by altering precipitation patterns, leading to either droughts or floods.

Conservation of Water Resources

Given these challenges, conserving water resources is paramount. This conservation can be achieved through sustainable water management practices. These include efficient water use, reducing water pollution, and implementing measures to mitigate the impacts of climate change. For instance, promoting water-efficient technologies in agriculture and industries can substantially reduce water use. Similarly, stringent regulations can help minimize water pollution.

The Role of Technology in Water Resource Management

Technology plays a significant role in managing water resources. Advanced technologies, such as remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), are used to monitor water resources, assess their status, and predict future trends. These technologies enable the identification of areas of water scarcity, helping to target interventions effectively. Furthermore, technological innovations, such as water recycling and desalination, can help to augment water supplies, especially in water-scarce regions.

In conclusion, water resources are vital for human survival and socio-economic development. However, they face significant challenges, including overexploitation, pollution, and climate change. Therefore, there is an urgent need for sustainable water management practices, which can be facilitated by leveraging technology. By doing so, we can ensure the availability and sustainable management of water resources for present and future generations.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

• Essay on Water Harvesting
• Essay on Water Crisis
• Essay on Wastage of Water

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Happy studying!

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Water Conservation Essay

Efficient water use, storage, monitoring, and management of water consumption are all ways to prevent water wastage. Water conservation includes all laws, policies, and programs aimed at protecting freshwater resources, protecting the hydrosphere, and meeting the current and future needs of people. Here are a few sample essays on "water conservation" .

100 Words Essay On Water Conservation

The most fundamental and significant element in our existence is water—the water we use for cooking, bathing, washing clothes, and quenching our thirst. Water is a scarce resource in some areas of society, and these people cannot fulfil their basic requirements without it. Understanding the value of water and how to save it is necessary. To survive on this planet, we need water. However, this issue does not mean that we only preserve water for ourselves. Remembering that future generations have the same rights to resources on this planet as we do is another way we may show our consideration for them. Water resources have been reduced as a result of our opportunistic and careless use of it. We should not waste water because we are all aware that it is a limited resource.

200 Words Essay On Water Conservation

Water is essential to all life on earth, including people, animals, plants, trees, insects, and other living things. Rainfall and evaporation are the two mechanisms that keep the amount of water on Earth in balance. Water covers three-fourths of the surface of the Earth, yet only a small percentage of that water is usable by humans. There is a shortage of clean water, which can lead to death.

We must conserve water to protect the future, as clean water is an essential component of life. If we conserve water, we can save life on Earth. Water is the primary component in ensuring the quality of life since it is known as the "universal liquid." To prevent pollution without mixing together, we need to decide to use it according to the requirements for water. By keeping additional slum and industrial pollutants from entering the water, water pollution will save us. All of the proper pollution prevention measures must be followed.

The only way to conserve water in the future and address the issue of water shortage is through water conservation. We must begin expanding our plant and tree populations. To profit from the rain, rainwater collection must be mandatory. We may also conserve water by turning off the tap while we wash our dishes or brush our teeth. We must also use the water we waste on washing fruits and vegetables to water the plants.

500 Word Essay On Water Conservation

The human body and 70% of the earth are both made of water. In the modern world, there are millions of marine species that live in water. Correspondingly, water is essential to humans. Water is necessary for all enterprises in one way or another. But this priceless resource is running out faster and faster. Water conservation is more important than ever.

Water Scarcity- A Dangerous Issue

Only 3% of the water that is accessible is freshwater. Consequently, it is crucial to utilize this water cautiously and prudently. But up until now, we have been acting oppositely. We continue to use water for several purposes every day. Even more than that, we continue to pollute it continuously. Our aquatic bodies get direct discharges of industrial and sewage effluents. There are also few or no longer any facilities for storing rainwater. Floods are becoming a regular occurrence as a result. Likewise, the fertile soil of the riverbed is being used carelessly which results in flooding. Water shortage is a real issue. To save the planet for our future generations, we must react now.

Conserving Water

Life cannot exist without water. We need it for a variety of tasks, such as cooking, cleaning, and using the bathroom. To live a healthy existence, we need clean water. On a national level as well as an individual level, there are several actions we can take to save water. First and foremost, our governments need to implement effective water conservation measures. To conserve water, the scientific community must focus on sophisticated agricultural changes. Similar to this, cities must be planned appropriately, and water conservation must be promoted through advertising. On a personal level, we may begin by choosing buckets over showers or bathtubs.

Example Of Conservation Of Water

Mission Bhagiratha: Telangana's Drinking Water Revolution

The installation of a massive network of pipelines of various diameters totalling more than 1.50 lakh kilometres, a remarkable length that could be roughly around the globe four times, makes the project of water conservation possible. This project integrates the current drinking water infrastructure. Mission Bhagiratha provides the entire state with clean drinking water every day at an estimated cost of more than Rs 43400 crore. As a result, Telangana is the only state in the union to offer every home sufficient cost-free access to clean drinking water. The project also preserves up to 10% of its water supply for industrial use, which will encourage job creation and economic expansion.

Mission Bhagiratha also created history by providing Telangana with clean, fluoride-free drinking water. Telangana was formerly known for having a high number of fluorosis sufferers as a result of consuming fluoride-contaminated groundwater. By switching from using groundwater for drinking to using surface water, the initiative is also expected to assist in restoring the groundwater level to its former state. On the other hand, the project has contributed to the creation of new job possibilities and meets the demand for local employment in the construction industry and other industries.

I try to reduce water usage and conserve water as much as possible because water is a finite resource. While brushing my teeth, I turned off the tap. My daily routine consists of storing the water the vegetables are washed in and watering the plants at night. Since it may save a lot of water, I always take a bath in a bucket rather than a shower. Since water is everyone's primary need, I always make sure to teach my younger siblings about water conservation.

Explore Career Options (By Industry)

• Construction
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• Information Technology

Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Database Architect

If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy , IIT Kharagpur , JMI New Delhi . 

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive. 

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Product manager.

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Stock Analyst

Individuals who opt for a career as a stock analyst examine the company's investments makes decisions and keep track of financial securities. The nature of such investments will differ from one business to the next. Individuals in the stock analyst career use data mining to forecast a company's profits and revenues, advise clients on whether to buy or sell, participate in seminars, and discussing financial matters with executives and evaluate annual reports.

A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

Safety Manager

A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

Conservation Architect

A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.

Structural Engineer

A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software. 

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description:  A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Field Surveyor

Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or  MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.  

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process. 

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• ON THE DECADE
• About the Decade
• Decade's Milestones
• Climate change
• THE DECADE'S CAMPAIGN
• You make the Decade!
• Who has joined?
• Decade's logo
• Water for Life Voices
• REPORTING ON PROGRESS
• From Member States
• From Friends of Water
• From the UN system
• THE DECADE'S PROGRAMMES
• UNW-DPAC: Advocacy and Communication
• UNW-DPC: Capacity development
• FOCUS AREAS
• Access to sanitation
• Financing water
• Gender and water
• Human right to water
• Integrated Water Resources Management
• Transboundary waters
• Water and cities
• Water and energy
• Water and food security

Water and sustainable development

• Water and the green economy
• Water cooperation
• Water quality
• Water scarcity
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• Asia and the Pacific
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• Kids and Youth
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Water is at the core of sustainable development and is critical for socio-economic development, healthy ecosystems and for human survival itself. It is vital for reducing the global burden of disease and improving the health, welfare and productivity of populations. It is central to the production and preservation of a host of benefits and services for people. Water is also at the heart of adaptation to climate change, serving as the crucial link between the climate system, human society and the environment.

Water is a finite and irreplaceable resource that is fundamental to human well-being. It is only renewable if well managed. Today, more than 1.7 billion people live in river basins where depletion through use exceeds natural recharge, a trend that will see two-thirds of the world’s population living in water-stressed countries by 2025. Water can pose a serious challenge to sustainable development but managed efficiently and equitably, water can play a key enabling role in strengthening the resilience of social, economic and environmental systems in the light of rapid and unpredictable changes.

What is "sustainable development"?

Sustainable development was explicitly popularized and contextualized by the Brundtland Commission in the document "Our Common Future" where it was defined as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” (UN, 1987). The Brundtland Commission focused on three pillars of human well being: economic, socio-political and ecological/environmental conditions. The basic concept endorses putting in place strong measures to spur economic and social development, particularly for people in developing countries, while ensuring that environmental integrity is sustained for future generations.

Water, sustainable development, the MDGs and the SDGs

The millennium development goals (mdgs).

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), agreed in 2000, aim to halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation between 1990 and 2015.

A total of 748 million people still do not have access to an improved drinking water source and existing indicators do not address the safety and reliability of water supplies. To reach the requirements of the right to access to safe drinking water requires real improvements for several billions of people.

In July 2010, the General Assembly adopted a resolution, which “recognized the right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right that is essential for the full enjoyment of life and all human rights”. ( A/RES/64/292 ).

The MDG target for sanitation is an even more pressing challenge, with 2.5 billion people currently lacking access to improved sanitation and over one billion still practicing open defecation. At current rates of progress, the sanitation target will be missed by over half a billion people.

These global aggregates also mask large disparities between nations and regions, rich and poor, between rural and urban populations, as well as between disadvantaged groups and the general population.

There is currently no global target to improve hygiene , despite this being one of the single most cost-effective public health interventions.

The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20)

The Rio+20 Conference in 2012 was an opportunity to reflect on progress towards sustainable development over the previous 20 years. One of its main outcomes was an agreement to launch a process to develop a set of Sustainable Development Goals, which build on the Millennium Development Goals and converge with the post-2015 development agenda.

2015 UN-Water Annual International Zaragoza Conference. Water and Sustainable Development: From Vision to Action. 15-17 January 2015

The Zaragoza Conference focused on the tools for implementation stated in the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, held in Rio de Janeiro from 20 to 22 June 2012, entitled "The future we want" , which includes finance, technology and capacity building, adding the institutional and policy dimensions.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on Water

As the time limit for the MDGs draws to a close in 2015, the global community is taking stock of how it can move towards a sustainable future. The MDG framework did not address the full water and development agenda, nor fully recognize its synergies with other areas and concerns. Emphasis on ‘Sustainability’ was not included and human rights and inequalities were also largely ignored in the MDG framework. Subsequently, member states have agreed that human rights, equality and sustainability should form the core of the development agenda and be recognized as critical for true development.

UN-Water’s overarching goal is “Securing Sustainable Water for All”. The water goal and targets directly address the development aims of societies, promote human dignity and ensure achievements are sustainable over the long term leading to the following development outcomes, amongst others:

Sustainable development, water, and…

Agriculture is by far the thirstiest consumer of water globally, accounting for 70% of water withdrawals worldwide, although this figure varies considerably across countries. Rainfed agriculture is the predominant agricultural production system around the world, and its current productivity is, on average, little more than half the potential obtainable under optimal agricultural management. By 2050, world agriculture will need to produce 60% more food globally, and 100% more in developing countries.

Industry and energy together account for 20% of water demand. More-developed countries have a much larger proportion of freshwater withdrawals for industry than less-developed countries, where agriculture dominates. Balancing the requirements of sustainability against the conventional view of industrial mass production creates a number of conundrums for industry. One of the biggest is globalization and how to spread the benefits of industrialization worldwide and without unsustainable impacts on water and other natural resources.

Domestic sector accounts for 10% of total water use. And yet, worldwide, an estimated 748 million people remain without access to an improved source of water and 2.5 billion remain without access to improved sanitation.

Cities . More than half the world already lives in urban areas and by 2050, it is expected that more than two-thirds of the global population of 9 billion will be living in cities. Furthermore, most of this growth will happen in developing countries, which have limited capacity to deal with this rapid change, and the growth will also lead to increase in the number of people living in slums, which often have very poor living conditions, including inadequate water and sanitation facilities. Therefore, the development of water resources for economic growth, social equity and environmental sustainability will be closely linked with the sustainable development of cities.

Ecosystems . Perhaps the most important challenge to sustainable development to have arisen in the last decades is the unfolding global ecological crisis that is becoming a barrier to further human development. From an ecological perspective, the sustainable development efforts have not been successful. Global environmental degradation has reached a critical level with major ecosystems approaching thresholds that could trigger massive collapse. The growing understanding of global planetary boundaries, which must be respected to protect Earth’s life support systems, needs to be the very basis of the future sustainable development framework.

Did you know?

• Over 1.7 billion people are currently living in river basins where water use exceeds recharge, leading to the desiccation of rivers, depletion of groundwater and the degradation of ecosystems and the services they provide.
• As countries develop and populations grow, global water demand (in terms of withdrawals) is projected to increase by 55% by 2050 . Already by 2025, two thirds of the world’s population could be living in water-stressed countries if current consumption patterns continue.
• The economic loss from the inadequate delivery of water and sanitation was estimated to amount to 1.5 % of gross domestic product of the countries included in a WHO study on meeting the MDGs.
• According to some estimates, over 80% of wastewater is discharged without treatment.
• Water-related disasters are the most economically and socially destructive of all natural disasters. Since the original Rio Earth Summit in 1992 floods, droughts and storms have affected 4.2 billion people (95% of all people affected by disasters) and caused USD 1.3 trillion of damage (63% of all damage).

To learn more

>> Access most recent publications on water and sanitation in the post-2015 agenda from the UN Documentation on Water and Sanitation

• United Nations, 2012. A/RES/66/288. The Future We Want – Outcome Document of the Rio+20 Conference.
• United Nations, 1987. Our Common Future, Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development.
• UNDESA, 2012. Sustainable Development for the 21st Century Back to our Common Future (2012) UNDESA.
• UNESCO, 2009. UN World Water Development Report 3. Paris.
• UNISDR, 2012. Impacts of Disasters since the 1992 Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit.
• United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), UN-HABITAT, GRID-Arendal, 2010. Sick Water? The central role of wastewater management in sustainable development. A Rapid Response Assessment.
• United Nations High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development, 2013.
• UN-Water, 2014. A Post-2015 Global Goal for Water: Synthesis of key findings and recommendations from UN-Water.
• UN-Water, 2008. Sharing benefits, sharing responsibilities.
• WHO, 2012. Global costs and benefits of drinking-water supply and sanitation interventions to reach the MDG target and universal coverage.
• WHO/HSE/WSH/12.01. Geneva.
• WHO/UNICEF, 2014. Progress on sanitation and drinking-water - 2014 Update. World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF.
• WWAP, 2014. 5th United Nations World Water Development Report 2014: Water and Energy. Paris, UNESCO.

"Environmental, economic and social indicators tell us that our current model of progress is unsustainable. Ours is a world of looming challenges and increasingly limited resources. Sustainable development offers the best chance to adjust our course." Ban Ki-moon, UN Secretary General

"The UN is working with governments, civil society and other partners to shape an ambitious sustainable development framework to meet the needs of both people and planet, providing economic transformation and opportunity to lift people out of poverty, advancing social justice and protecting the environment." The Future We Want: Outcome document adopted at Rio+20

"Water is at the core of sustainable development as it is closely linked to a number of key global challenges." The Future We Want: Outcome document adopted at Rio+20

>> UN-Water Stakeholder Dialogue at World Water Week 2013: Triggering Action on Water through the Post 2015 Agenda UNW-DPAC, UNW-DPC, WWAP. September 2013 Duration: 3h23min

Video record of session 'Triggering Action on Water through the Post-2015 Agenda' at World Water Week, 1 September 2013. Participants in this seminar presented and discussed the most recent proposals for a Water Sustainable Development Goal. There are different proposals as well as for targets and indicators covering both access to basic water and sanitation services, water resources management and pollution and wastewater management. But will these trigger action in the same way as the Millennium Development Goal target on water has done?

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Essay on Water

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Essay on Water in 150-250 words

Essay on water in 300-400 words, essay on water in 500-1000 words.

Water is a vital resource that sustains all forms of life on Earth. It covers about 70% of the planet’s surface, and its availability is essential for various human activities, ecosystems, and agriculture.

Water plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of nature. It supports biodiversity, provides habitat for aquatic species, and ensures the survival of ecosystems. Additionally, water is essential for agriculture, enabling the growth of crops and the sustenance of livestock.

However, water scarcity and pollution have become significant challenges. Rapid population growth, industrialization, and climate change have put immense pressure on water resources. Many regions face water shortages, leading to social, economic, and environmental consequences.

Water pollution is another critical issue. Industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and improper waste disposal contaminate water bodies, affecting both human health and aquatic life. It is crucial to implement sustainable water management practices, promote conservation efforts, and invest in water treatment infrastructure.

Education and awareness are key in fostering responsible water use. Individuals can contribute by conserving water, practicing efficient irrigation methods, and avoiding the contamination of water sources.

In conclusion, water is a precious resource that sustains life and ecosystems. The challenges of water scarcity and pollution require collective action to ensure its availability and quality. By implementing sustainable practices, promoting conservation, and raising awareness, we can protect and preserve this invaluable resource for future generations.

Water is a fundamental resource that is essential for all forms of life on Earth. It covers approximately 70% of the planet’s surface, playing a crucial role in supporting ecosystems, agriculture, and human activities.

Water is vital for the survival of living organisms and the maintenance of ecological balance. It provides habitat for a wide range of plants and animals, supporting biodiversity and contributing to the overall health of ecosystems. Water bodies, such as rivers, lakes, and oceans, serve as crucial habitats and breeding grounds for numerous species.

In agriculture, water is essential for crop irrigation and livestock sustenance. Farmers rely on water to nourish their crops and ensure food production. Additionally, water plays a critical role in the transport of nutrients within plants, enabling their growth and development.

Water is also crucial for human activities and economic development. It is used in households for drinking, cooking, and sanitation purposes. Industries depend on water for manufacturing processes, cooling systems, and energy production. Furthermore, water serves as a transportation medium for goods and people, facilitating trade and commerce.

However, the availability and quality of water face significant challenges. Rapid population growth, urbanization, and climate change exert pressure on water resources. Many regions around the world experience water scarcity, leading to social, economic, and environmental implications. The unequal distribution of water resources exacerbates these challenges, with some areas facing severe water shortages.

Water pollution is another pressing issue. Industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and improper waste disposal contaminate water bodies, negatively impacting aquatic ecosystems and human health. Waterborne diseases and the degradation of aquatic habitats are direct consequences of water pollution.

Addressing these challenges requires sustainable water management practices. Conservation efforts, such as rainwater harvesting and efficient irrigation techniques, can help preserve water resources. Investment in water treatment infrastructure is crucial to ensure the provision of clean and safe drinking water to communities. Moreover, raising awareness about water conservation and pollution prevention is vital in fostering responsible water use among individuals and industries.

In conclusion, water is a precious resource that sustains life, ecosystems, and human activities. The challenges of water scarcity and pollution necessitate collective action and sustainable water management practices. By valuing water, implementing conservation measures, and raising awareness about responsible water use, we can ensure the availability and quality of water for future generations.

Title: Water – The Essence of Life

Introduction :

Water is the elixir of life, a precious resource that is vital for the existence of all living organisms on Earth. Covering about 70% of the planet’s surface, water is found in oceans, rivers, lakes, and underground reservoirs. It plays a fundamental role in sustaining ecosystems, supporting agriculture, meeting human needs, and shaping the landscape. This essay explores the significance of water, its diverse uses, the challenges it faces, and the importance of responsible water management for the well-being of our planet and future generations.

Importance of Water

Water is essential for the survival and well-being of all living organisms. It serves as a universal solvent, enabling chemical reactions that are crucial for life processes. Water is involved in cellular functions, temperature regulation, nutrient transportation, and waste removal in living systems. In addition to its biological importance, water also plays a critical role in maintaining ecological balance. It provides habitats for countless species, supports biodiversity, and influences the functioning of ecosystems.

Water for Agriculture

Agriculture is heavily dependent on water for crop cultivation and livestock sustenance. Irrigation systems deliver water to fields, ensuring the growth and productivity of crops. Water is essential for germination, photosynthesis, and the transport of nutrients within plants. Livestock farming relies on water for drinking, cleaning, and maintaining proper hygiene conditions. Adequate water supplies are essential for the health and well-being of both plants and animals in agriculture.

Water for Human Needs

Water plays a vital role in meeting various human needs. Access to clean and safe drinking water is crucial for maintaining human health and preventing waterborne diseases. Water is used for cooking, food preparation, and sanitation, ensuring proper nutrition and hygiene. Adequate sanitation facilities, including toilets and wastewater treatment systems, rely on water to prevent the spread of diseases and maintain public health. Moreover, water is used in industries for manufacturing processes, cooling systems, and energy production.

Challenges of Water Scarcity

Water scarcity is a pressing global challenge, particularly in regions facing population growth, urbanization, and climate change. Unequal distribution, overexploitation of water resources, and inefficient water management contribute to the scarcity of water. This scarcity can lead to social, economic, and environmental consequences. Reduced water availability hampers agricultural productivity, jeopardizes livelihoods, and triggers conflicts over water rights. Addressing water scarcity requires sustainable water management practices, water conservation efforts, and investments in water infrastructure.

Water Pollution and Conservation

Water pollution poses a significant threat to water resources and ecosystems. Industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, improper waste disposal, and the use of chemicals contaminate water bodies, compromising water quality. This pollution has detrimental effects on aquatic life, threatens biodiversity, and poses health risks to humans. Waterborne diseases, such as cholera and dysentery, are direct consequences of water pollution. To combat water pollution, stringent regulations must be implemented to control industrial and agricultural activities that contribute to pollution. Proper wastewater treatment systems and waste management practices are essential to preserve water quality.

Water conservation plays a pivotal role in ensuring sustainable water use. Rainwater harvesting, efficient irrigation techniques, and public awareness campaigns promote responsible water consumption. Governments, communities, and individuals must work together to reduce water wastage, encourage water reuse, and protect water sources from pollution.

Conclusion :

Water is a precious and finite resource that is vital for all forms of life on Earth. Its significance extends beyond meeting basic needs and supporting ecosystems; water plays a critical role in shaping our planet. The challenges of water scarcity and pollution necessitate collective action and responsible water management practices. By valuing water, promoting conservation efforts, and raising awareness about responsible water use, we can ensure the availability and quality of water for future generations. It is our collective responsibility to protect and preserve this invaluable resource, safeguarding the well-being of our planet and all its inhabitants.

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Essay on Save Water for Students and Children

500+ words essay on save water.

In this essay on save water, we are going to discuss the problem of water and how we can save water and avoid its wastage. Also, water-saving is a universal responsibility of every person who lives on this earth. In order to save water, we have to adapt various means that can help in maintaining the level of fresh water on earth. As the accessibility of freshwater is depleting water conservation and saving initiatives are increasing to save water for future generations.

Reason for Freshwater Shortage

The first reason can be too much wastage of freshwater and careless use of water on daily uses. Second can be the pollution from industries that adds untreated water to the rivers and lakes on a daily basis. The third reason can be pesticides and chemical fertilizers are also polluting the freshwater. Apart from this, sewage waste is also dumped into rivers that pollute water.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Avoidance of Water Shortage

There are many ways in which we can save water and minimize their pollution. Besides, these methods include proper treatment of industrial water before dumping them into rivers. Also, using only the required amount of water and avoiding wastage. Apart from that, we can make people aware about water problem by means of social campaigns and other ways.

Ways and Methods of Saving Water

Water covers 70% of the earth surface but freshwater for drinking and other uses are about only 2.5 %. Also, this makes water one of the scarce resources that the entire human race consumes. Apart from that, if we reduce the amount of water we daily use for various activities like bathing, laundry, watering plants, etc. then we can really be able to save water for our future generations. Besides, below we have listed down various tips that can save water.

• Make it your personal responsibility to save water daily.
• Install canals on your rooftops so that rainwater can be reused for household purposes or can recharge groundwater .
• Use the full capacity of your washing machine while washing clothes.
• Water the plants in the evening to minimize evaporation .
• Instead of shower use buckets because it saves a lot of water.
• Don’t let the tap running while washing your face or hands.
• Increase awareness about save water initiative in your locality, school, and neighborhood.
• Educate children about water-saving from an early age so they can understand its value

After all, we have done till now to save water is not enough. Also, it is the most vital resource that we have received from Mother Nature. Apart from that, it is also very important for other forms of life on earth like plants, animals, and birds. The quantity of fresh water is only limited to groundwater, rivers, and lakes. Hence, it becomes our duty to safeguard what remains of this precious resource for our future.

Also, we require action plans to keep a check on the water pollution that is making it unfit for use.

{ “@context”: “https://schema.org”, “@type”: “FAQPage”, “mainEntity”: [{ “@type”: “Question”, “name”: “Why it is important to save water?”, “acceptedAnswer”: { “@type”: “Answer”, “text”: “Water saving is important because only 2.5% of the total water available on the earth is freshwater. Also, we use this water for various purposes in our daily life. Above all, it is a scarce resource which it not checked will disappear from the earth also it does not have an alternative.” } }, { “@type”: “Question”, “name”: “When was the world water day celebrated and why?”, “acceptedAnswer”: { “@type”: “Answer”, “text”:”World water day is celebrated on 22nd March every year. Its celebration is important because it reminds us of the importance of water and how scarce it is.”} }] }

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Home — Essay Samples — Environment — Water Scarcity — Water Crisis: Understanding the Causes and Seeking Solutions

Water Crisis: Understanding The Causes and Seeking Solutions

• Categories: Environmental Issues Water Scarcity

About this sample

Words: 1019 |

Published: Jan 28, 2021

Words: 1019 | Pages: 2 | 6 min read

Table of contents

Causes of the water crisis, consequences of the water crisis, seeking solutions to the water crisis.

• Invest in water storage, distribution, and treatment infrastructure.
• Implement smart technologies for monitoring and controlling water usage.
• Promote efficient water allocation and pricing mechanisms.
• Encourage farmers to adopt precision agriculture techniques.
• Promote the use of drought-resistant crop varieties.
• Implement efficient irrigation systems, such as drip irrigation.
• Reduce excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides.
• Promote water conservation at the individual and community levels.
• Fix water leaks and encourage the use of low-flow appliances.
• Educate the public on water-saving habits.
• Invest in advanced wastewater treatment facilities.
• Implement stricter regulations on industrial and agricultural wastewater discharge.
• Promote the recycling and reuse of treated wastewater (water reclamation).
• Reduce greenhouse gas emissions through sustainable energy sources.
• Support afforestation and reforestation efforts to maintain water catchment areas.
• Develop and implement climate-resilient water management strategies.
• ABC News. (2019). Chennai's the latest city to have almost run out of water, and other cities could follow suit. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-06- 22/chennais-telling-the-globe-a-story-about-water-scarcity/11229084
• Ceranic, I. (2018). Perth rainfall is higher than Melbourne, Hobart, London despite reputation for sunny beaches. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018- 04-24/perth-rainfall-higher-than-melbourne-hobart-and-london/9688142
• Green Water Plumbing. (2019). Water Crisis: Is Australia Running Out of Water? Retrieved from https://www.greenplanetplumbing.com.au/water-crisis-is- australia-running-out-of-water/
• Juneja, P. (n.d.). The Economic Impact of Cape Town’s Water Crisis. Retrieved from https://www.managementstudyguide.com/economic-impact-of-cape-town-water- crisis.htm
• Qureshi, M. E.; Hanjra, Munir A.; Ward, J. (2013). Impact of water scarcity in Australia on global food security in an era of climate change. Food Policy, 38:136-145. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2012.11.003
• Thirumurthy, P. The News Minute. (2019). Chennai water crisis: Schools closes down for junior classes, others declare half-day. Retrieved from https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/chennai-water-crisis-school-closes-down- junior-classes-others-declare-half-day-103919
• United Nations. (2014). Water for Life Decade: Water scarcity. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/scarcity.shtml
• Wright, I. (2017). This is what Australia’s growing cities need to do to avoid running dry. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/this-is-what-australias-growing-cities- need-to-do-to-avoid-running-dry-86301
• Lakshmi, K. (2019). Chennai’s Day Zero: It’s not just meteorology but mismanagement that’s made the city run dry. Retrieved from https://www.thehindu.com/sci- tech/energy-and-environment/chennais-day-zero-its-not-just-meteorology-but- mismanagement-thats-made-the-city-run-dry/article28197491.ece

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Water Resources Management Essay

Impact of human activities on water resources, effects of water resources managements on the community, problems developed by fishing techniques.

This has adverse effects on the population of fish that are set to dwindle due to the destruction of their food resources or by killing them through mercury poison.

The mercury poison comes from industry effluents. Adverse temperatures that results from dumping of hot water from the industries near water resources also affect the number of fish by killing them. The presences of these pollutants always have the effect of destabilizing the ecological balance of the water (Feldman, 1995).

The management of these water resources is a very precarious and complicated. This process requires a careful balance of both ecological and economical considerations. The management plan will include the introduction of laws to curb the water pollution and preservation of fish resources. The laws will have to outlaw uncontrolled dumping and release of industrial effluents in the water.

The law should also set limits to the fishing practice the fishermen will have to use. This will include limiting of fishing licenses and setting limits to the size of fishing nets the fishermen will have to use and set limits the amount of fish the fishermen can be allowed to catch. The law should also carry stiff penalties to whoever found in violation of the environmental water laws.

Another management policy can be the introduction of an economic policy where the person responsible for the pollution to be made to pay for the cost of cleanup. This will mean that fishermen and other stake holders will have to take out insurance covers to cover their practices. Even consumers who use paper bags will have to pay for them.

Finally, the recycling of most materials that find their way to the water resources can go a long way in trying to manage the resources. Recycling of waste and purification of sewage waste should be encourages to avoid toxic wastes spilling up in the water.

The effects of the management will be received in different ways by both environmentalists and fishermen. To fishermen the proposal to recycle and reduce the waste effluents will be take positively as it will mean the increase to the number of fish but the proposal to introduce laws to enable the efficient sustainable of resources will be received negatively by the fishermen.

This is because the laws seek to limit the size of the nets and the amount of fish each fisherman can catch. In addition, by limiting on the number of fishermen it will result in the increase in the price of fishing licenses.

On the other hand, the environmentalists will take the introduction of the laws and the other management process positively (Feldman, 1995). This is because all these measures will lead to the protecting the water resources as well as allowing the population of fish to flourish. This solution will have different effects to the community.

In terms of jobs, the number of jobs might reduce in the community due to the limit of the number of fishermen allowed in the water resources. It will also mean that all the industries that depend on fish like fishmeal factories and filleting plants will have to suffer.

On the other hand, due to the cleanup of the water resources, it will have a positive effect on the lifestyle on the community. The practicing of swimming and other sports safely done without the fear of catching water-borne diseases that might have affected the water resource users before the clean up.

Fishing can lead to the extinction of species due to the overfishing of rare kinds of fish and other protected kinds .In addition it can lead to the killing and capturing of unwanted water species.

This is because some fishing methods like trawling are indiscriminate on what they catch. Water animals like turtles and water snakes can be caught thus changing the balance of the ecosystem.

Finally, fishing method likes trawling involves the dragging of nets at the bottom of the water bodies. The nets can cause the scrapping the floor leading to the destruction of polyps which is an important source of food to the fish.

Feldman, D. (1995). Water Resources Management: In Search of an Environmental Ethic. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University press.

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Rural water crisis vital to health of the planet | Opinion

As we celebrate Earth Day 2024 and think about the health of the blue planet, there is no other crisis more important than where land meets water in rural America. 

Water issues there have escalated into a dire situation that demands immediate attention. The groundwater we count on to supply America’s rural residents is facing a critical risk of overextraction and contamination. Surface waters are impacted by overapplication of fertilizers, as well as by septic tanks, sludge and animal manure. The intricate water and wastewater systems in rural areas are profoundly influenced by climate change and land use, emphasizing the urgent need for innovation and modernization to prevent catastrophic outcomes.

On this Earth Day, the call for action is clear: It is imperative for national leaders and citizens alike to take decisive steps toward addressing this emergency.

Water’s importance transcends mere consumption. It is indispensable for food production, recreation, and ecosystem health, especially in rural America where groundwater wells and septic systems form the backbone of daily life. The water systems in rural areas are intricate, encompassing a diverse range of features including tile drains, drainage ditches, small tributaries, ponds and lakes. These systems interface with both ground and surface waters on a larger scale and are profoundly influenced by climatic conditions including temperature changes, floods, droughts and extreme weather events.

Water quality and food safety are at risk not only from pathogens and forever chemicals, but excess nitrate (associated with new risks such as thyroid cancer) and antibiotic resistant bacteria. Animal fecal waste (manure) which is neither monitored or managed for pathogens is now a larger source of nutrient pollution and zoonotic diseases (estimated at 1.4 billion tons of manure per year in the U.S. ). 

The stakes are high for 46 million people who live in rural communities in the US. Their health and economic vitality is of upmost importance. These non-metropolitan areas provide 10% of the country's GDP and in 2022, approximately $1.420 trillion from agriculture, food and related industries, and $223.5 billion from America's farms. 

Not to mention the economic impact associated with recreation and retirement destinations at the margins of larger cities such as in the Great Lakes region. For example, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service estimates that angling generates $7 billion annually . When an individual beach is closed, seasonal aggregate losses were estimated at $360 thousand to $24 million.

Water and fecal waste management have unfortunately been overlooked within the USDA Strategic Plan for Fiscal Years 2022–2026. Although Goals 1 and 4, focusing on "Addressing Climate Change and Maintaining a Safe Food Supply," touch upon aspects of rural water systems and public health, there is a clear need for additional objectives in this area. Climate change exacerbates issues such as water scarcity and over-pumping of groundwater, while precipitation runoff and irrigation patterns contribute to the spread of pollutants and microorganisms. It's crucial to recognize that land management practices are at the root of these risks. However, despite the challenges, viable solutions exist and must be pursued to address these pressing issues effectively.

The State of Michigan has emerged as a leader in this realm, demonstrating the potential for science and technology to revolutionize water quality management. By modernizing infrastructure and embracing precision agriculture, alongside fostering public-private partnerships, significant strides can be made toward sustainable water management.

However, efforts to mitigate pollution and protect water quality must be intensified as poverty, inadequate water infrastructure and food insecurity are now becoming critical issues in the US.  The time is now, given the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and climate initiatives.  This entails implementing best management practices in agriculture to reduce runoff and minimize chemical inputs, enforcing regulations to prevent industrial pollution, and promoting sustainable land use practices that preserve water resources in the coming years.

We support two new goals for addressing water in rural communities:

• Improve the monitoring of ground and surface water quality using advanced and modern tools while building spatial and temporal data bases.
• Address innovative approaches for controlling fecal pollution from septic systems, and manure and farm-based stormwaters along with resource recovery enhancing the circular economy.

Only by prioritizing investment in infrastructure, implementing and documenting pollution prevention measures and fostering community engagement can we begin to address the root causes of the rural water crisis. Only through concerted and collaborative action can we safeguard the health of our nation and secure a sustainable future for generations to come. The time to act is now; the health of our nation and the sustainability of our future depend on it.

Joan B. Rose is director of the Michigan State University Water Alliance, Homer Nowlin Chair in Water Research, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife . Matthew O. Schrenk is Michigan State University associate professor of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Microbiology and Molecular Genetics . Bruno Basso is Michigan State University John A. Hannah Distinguished Professor, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences . Submit a letter to the editor at freep.com/letters .

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Fact sheet: at white house water summit, biden-harris administration announces bold national goal to protect and restore freshwater resources, delivers over $1 billion for tribal clean water projects.

Administration announces $1 billion for clean water for Tribal Nations and funding to combat megadrought in the West through President Biden's Investing in America agenda

President Biden and Vice President Harris believe that every person should have access to clean drinking water and a healthy environment. Since Day One, the Biden-Harris Administration has worked to secure clean water for all, protect our vital freshwater resources, and ensure every community can count on water free of pollutants when they turn on the faucet. The Administration also recognizes that wetlands and other freshwater resources are critical in our fight against climate change.

Today, during Earth Week, the White House is convening state, Tribal, and local leaders from across the country for a White House Water Summit where the Administration will announce a new national goal and partnership to conserve and restore freshwater resources. The America the Beautiful Freshwater Challenge: A Partnership to Conserve and Restore America's Rivers, Lakes, Streams, and Wetlands sets a bold, new national goal to protect, restore, and reconnect 8 million acres of wetlands and 100,000 miles of our nation's river and streams .

To achieve the new national freshwater protection goal and to ensure that our freshwater resources are protected for current and future generations as part of the America the Beautiful Freshwater Challenge , the Biden-Harris Administration is also launching a new initiative that calls on all states and other governments and entities, including Tribes, interstate organizations, cities, and local communities to advance their own policies and strategies for conserving and restoring America's freshwater systems. Over 100 inaugural members from across the country have already signed on to support freshwater restoration in their communities, including ten states, eight Tribes, and 24 local governments.

To bring safe, clean water to Tribal communities, the Department of Health and Human Services' Indian Health Services (IHS) and the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) are announcing over $1 billion from the President's Investing in America agenda and a new partnership . Roughly half of Tribal households lack access to clean drinking water or adequate sanitation. Today's announcement includes $700 million from IHS and $320 million from BOR to accelerate the delivery of drinking water and community sanitation infrastructure projects in Indian Country. In addition, IHS and BOR are announcing the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the two agencies to leverage BOR's engineering capacity to accelerate the delivery of Tribal water projects.

Our nation's lakes, rivers, streams, estuaries, and wetlands are fundamental to the health, prosperity, and resilience of our communities and are held sacred by many Tribal Nations. They are not only the sources of clean drinking water that flows into the taps of our homes, but also economic drivers supporting jobs and outdoor recreation across the nation. By absorbing and storing carbon, our nation's waterways and wetlands – and the forests, grasslands, and farmlands they nourish – play a critical role in the fight against climate change.

Although critically important to both people and nature, our freshwater resources are at increased risk. Through 2019, the U.S. wetlands loss rate increased 50 percent over the prior decade. That was before the U.S. Supreme Court's Sackett decision last year, which dramatically reduced federal protections for wetlands in one of the largest judicial rollbacks of environmental protections in U.S. history. Despite this, Congressional Republicans are continuing a decades-long effort to undermine Clean Water Act safeguards.

Many states are already using their own authorities and resources to better protect America's freshwater systems. For example, North Carolina recently set a goal to protect one million acres of natural lands, with a special focus on wetlands, and to restore one million acres of forests and wetlands within the state. New York state recently enacted statutory changes to its Freshwater Wetlands Act that will safeguard an additional million acres of valuable wetlands. And Washington recently protected almost 1,000 miles of rivers as Outstanding National Resource Waters, one of the highest levels of protection afforded to our freshwater resources.

At the White House Water Summit and throughout Earth Week, the Biden-Harris Administration is making additional announcements to build resilience to climate change and ensure every community has access to clean water:

• The Department of the Interior is announcing an additional $11 million in new resources from the Bureau of Reclamation's WaterSMART program to help combat Western megadrought. The Biden-Harris Administration is leading a comprehensive effort to make Western communities more resilient to climate change and address the ongoing megadrought across the region by harnessing the full resources of President Biden's historic Investing in America agenda. Together, the Inflation Reduction Act and Bipartisan Infrastructure Law provide the largest investment in climate resilience in our nation's history, including $15.4 billion to enhance the West's resilience to drought and deliver unprecedented resources to protect river systems across the West.
• As part of the Biden-Harris Get the Lead Out Partnership , the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Cities Initiative is partnering with three of its members – Chicago, Detroit, and Milwaukee – to launch the Great Lakes Lead Pipes Partnership , a first-of-its kind, mayor-led effort to accelerate lead pipe replacement in cities with the heaviest lead burdens. Many of the estimated 9 million lead pipes remaining in the United States are concentrated in Great Lakes metropolitan areas. This partnership will provide a collaborative forum for Great Lakes big cities to share emerging best practices to encourage faster, more equitable replacement programs and overcome common challenges, including by reducing per pipe replacement costs, improving community outreach, and spurring water workforce development.
• The Department of the Interior is announcing more than $70 million from President Biden's Investing in America agenda for 43 projects in 29 states that will address outdated or obsolete dams, culverts, levees and other barriers to the nation's rivers and streams. This Bipartisan Infrastructure Law funding will help restore fragmented aquatic habitats and revitalize local economies in communities across the nation while creating new jobs in construction and implementation. Projects receiving funding will reconnect aquatic systems and improve fish passage to help conserve vulnerable species, while building safer infrastructure for communities, increasing recreational opportunities, and improving climate resilience. The funding is also part of an investment of over $3 billion across federal agencies in fish passage and aquatic connectivity projects under President Biden's Investing in America agenda.
• The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) published the Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS) final rule to help communities prepare for and reduce flood damage. This rule strengthens standards by increasing elevations and flood proofing requirements of properties in areas at risk of flooding, where federal funds are used to develop or provide financing for new construction and substantial improvement within the FFRMS floodplain. This will strengthen resilience to flooding, protect lives and properties , minimize damage and disruption to households, reduce insurance costs and safeguard federal investments – ensuring that federally-funded construction projects are built to withstand current and future flood risks.
• The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) announced $123 million for state and territorial coastal management programs and national estuarine research reserves to support habitat restoration and conservation. Within this investment, $36 million will be designated for projects being carried out in partnership with or directly by Tribes and Native Hawaiians, including reacquisitions and restoration of ecological and culturally significant ancestral lands. This investment will help to protect critical resources for coastal habitat restoration, create new jobs, and boost resilience to extreme weather events across our nation's coastal communities.

Today's announcements build on recent actions that deliver on the Biden-Harris Administration's commitment to ensuring safe drinking water, including finalizing the first-ever standard to protect communities from toxic "forever chemicals," along with rulemakings to hold polluters responsible for PFAS cleanup and to enhance safeguards against dangerous chemical spills in our nation's waters . The Administration is also continuing to deliver on President Biden's goal to replace every lead pipe in America in the next decade.

Throughout Earth Week, the Biden-Harris Administration will announce additional actions to build a stronger, healthier future for all. On Monday, President Biden announced the launch of ClimateCorps.gov as well as $7 billion in awards through EPA's Solar for All program. Tuesday is focused on helping ensure clean water for all communities; Wednesday will focus on accelerating America's clean transportation future; Thursday will focus on steps to cut pollution from the power sector while strengthening America's electricity grid; and Friday will focus on providing cleaner air and healthier schools for all children.

Joseph R. Biden, FACT SHEET: At White House Water Summit, Biden-Harris Administration Announces Bold National Goal to Protect and Restore Freshwater Resources, Delivers Over $1 Billion for Tribal Clean Water Projects Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/371374

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Michigan doctor who revealed Flint water crisis now takes on child poverty

Mona Hanna-Attisha launched a program to provide funds during a newborn’s first year – and wants to replicate it across the country

• Flint residents grapple with water crisis a decade later: ‘If we had the energy left, we’d cry’

I n 2015, Dr Mona Hanna-Attisha alerted the world that children were being poisoned by lead in the water of her home town of Flint, Michigan . Now, as Flint marks the 10-year anniversary of the crisis, she’s set her sights on another target: the underlying poverty that she says allowed it to all happen.

“For a long time, I have literally wished for the ability to prescribe an antidote to poverty,” Hanna-Attisha said. Study after study has shown poverty-related stress and lack of resources can damage everything from babies’ physical health to children’s abilities to learn and later thrive in careers. In Flint, which has a majority Black population, an astounding 47.6% of children live in poverty , according to a 2022 analysis of census data.

In January Hanna-Attisha launched RX Kids, a program that gives new moms one year of guaranteed, no-questions-asked income. Through a combination of state and philanthropic funding, all pregnant and new moms – regardless of income – in Flint are eligible for a one-time payment of $1,500 during their pregnancy and $500 a month for the first year of their baby’s lives.

“It’s about not being OK with poisoned water and it’s about not being OK with babies growing up in poverty,” Hanna-Attisha said.

On 25 April 2014, the near-bankrupt city of Flint, then under emergency management by the state, switched its water supply to draw from the Flint River in what was supposed to be a money-saving move. The water was not property treated to avoid corrosion, allowing lead from the city’s pipes to leach into the water supply and into the mouths of children.

In 2015, Hanna-Attisha obtained blood test results, revealing that the percentage of young children with above-average amounts of lead in their blood doubled – and, in some areas, tripled – after the switch.

Since then, a flood of attention has flowed to the community to replace lead service lines and provide wraparound services to children affected by exposure.

But the devastating health impacts of poverty persist. In her pediatric clinic at Michigan State University, Hanna-Attisha has seen children taken away from their parents because the family had no money for heat or food. In one case, a mother couldn’t bring in her tiny, four-day-old premature baby for a checkup because she had to return to work.

“Poverty has been linked to almost everything that is related to health,” said Hanna-Attisha, naming malnutrition and obesity from lack of access to healthy food to toxic stress and trauma from family separation. “I see it in the bodies of my children. And I see it in their health, but most importantly, I see it in their potential.”

Luke Shaefer, a University of Michigan social work professor who co-directs the RX Kids program with Hanna-Attisha, said that they had initially hoped to design a program that would guarantee income to all families with young children, but that proved prohibitively expensive.

So they focused on the first year, which is statistically shown to be the hardest on family finances.

“Income really starts to decline for families a couple of months before birth, as expectant moms are able to work less, and it stays low for the first year,” Shaefer said. “When you start to combine that with the added expenses of bringing on new family members, you have this sort of perfect storm of increased poverty.”

Maddeningly, he said, this hits in the months that are the most critical for child development.

Hanna-Attisha and Shaefer have raised $43m of the $55m they need to run the program for five years. “We’ve already enrolled about 550 moms and prescribed over a million dollars of cash,” said Hanna-Attisha.

RX Kids taps into existing federal funds through the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program (Tanf), and most of the rest of the funding comes from philanthropic grants.

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‘The first light of hope’

Teagan Medlin, 25, remembers showering in the discolored Flint water when she was a teenager and has always wondered how it might have affected her.

Now she is the mother of a three-month-old and has been in recovery from drug addiction for 14 months. For her, the RX Kids program ended up being the key to reuniting her young family.

Her older children, a four-year-old boy and three-year-old girl, had been removed from her care and sent to live with a grandparent before she started recovery. She was working at a dollar store last year, but lost her job when she became sick during her recent pregnancy. She has stable housing through her drug recovery program, but the court required her to prove she could pay for basic necessities before returning her older children to her.

“I was really afraid,” she said. “How am I supposed to get my kids back if I don’t have any income?”

Medlin described RX Kids as “the first light of hope”. She’s gotten her children back and will soon train to become an addiction recovery coach. “It sort of gave you a foothold to where you could build a life for yourself and your kids.”

Tatiana Lopez-Marshall and her husband, Michael Marshall, both have jobs at Hurley hospital – Tatiana as a patient representative and Michael in the kitchen’s nutrition program. Yet they too were struggling to make ends meet after their son Matteo was born.

They can’t afford daycare, so Michael scaled back his hours at the hospital to stay with Matteo and his two older siblings. Tatiana wasn’t sure at first whether she could afford to take the full 12 weeks of maternity leave allotted by federal law.

Then they received their first RX Kids payment. “This could not have come at a better time,” said Tatiana, who was able to take leave and have enough left over to buy diapers, clothes and a new baby mattress for the baby, as well as the new brakes and tires they needed for their car. “I really wasn’t sure what I was going to do.”

The program mirrors direct payment programs that offset the cost of raising children around the world, including in the UK, the Netherlands, Australia, Canada and Hungary.

Several studies have shown that these programs – a form of universal basic income – pay off. In Manitoba, Canada, a similar program was shown to reduce pre-term birth and low birth weight. Researchers in the US found that cash transfers to families reduced food insecurity and unstable housing for children, both which correlate to poor health outcomes. A 2022 study by Columbia University researchers found that every $1 provided to supplement the incomes of families with a tax credit for children would result in $10 in eventual benefits to society, including reduced infant mortality, less need for child welfare services and decreased crime.

In February, Michigan’s governor, Gretchen Whitmer, allotted $24m to communities that “identify innovative approaches to support expectant parents and newborns”, a move Hanna-Attisha and Shaefer hope will help RX Kids expand across the state – and inspire similar programs around the nation.

“Our goal was never just about Flint,” said Hanna-Attisha. “This was about creating a replicable kind of playbook of how to do this in other places.”

• America's dirty divide
• Children's health
• Flint water crisis

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Multiple Plans Proposed for Post-2026 Colorado River Operations

Marble Canyon

Camilo Salcedo

As the Bureau of Reclamation looks to prepare new rules for the Colorado River, states across the West and other interested stakeholders have proposed plans for the river’s future. These alternative plans aim to shape the operation of the Colorado River after many of the current rules expire in 2026.

In April, a coalition of conservation groups including Audubon, Environmental Defense Fund, The Nature Conservancy, and others submitted a plan for managing the Colorado River. Known as the Cooperative Conservation Alternative, the proposal seeks to broaden management efforts on the Colorado River to be more inclusive of various interests, Tribes, and the environment. Its top priorities include stabilizing water storage and avoiding crisis-to-crisis management, making mitigation and environmental stewardship part of future operations, and creating a Conservation Reserve, which would replace an existing conservation program known as Intentionally Created Surplus.

A month earlier, Arizona, California, and Nevada collectively submitted the Lower Basin Alternative to Reclamation. Under this plan, users at and downstream of Lake Mead would reduce their use of Colorado River water by 1.5 million acre-feet each year “under most system conditions” to address the structural deficit that has caused Lake Mead to decline annually, even with normal releases from Lake Powell. If further water cuts become necessary, additional reductions of up to 3.9 million acre-feet would be shared between Upper and Lower Basin states and Mexico. The Lower Basin Alternative would also link Colorado River use to storage volumes contained within seven Upper and Lower Basin reservoirs, unlike current guidelines which are based on Lake Mead and Lake Powell elevations.

Additionally, the Upper Basin States of Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming submitted the Upper Division States’ Alternative (UDS Alternative). This plan proposes that operations at Lake Powell and Lake Mead be based on actual annual water supply conditions in October, rather than the forecasting method that is currently being used. The plan also emphasizes rebuilding reservoir storage and defines water use reductions to be taken by the Lower Basin based on the combined storage volumes of Lake Powell and Lake Mead. The Upper Basin would not take mandatory cuts; however, the UDS Alternative identifies additional activities outside the scope of the post-2026 operations process that could be pursued upon adoption of the UDS Alternative. These so-called “parallel activities” include flexible operations at Lake Powell, supplemental releases from upstream reservoirs (Flaming Gorge, Navajo, and those in the Aspinall Unit) if needed, and voluntary water conservation programs.

Reclamation will evaluate the submitted proposals to find reasonable alternatives for analysis in a draft environmental impact statement, expected to be finalized later this year.

• Lower Basin Alternative
• UDS Alternative
• Cooperative Conservation Alternative