thesis on guidance and counseling

Guidance and counseling relations to high school students’ positive development and psychopathology: A non-recursive modeling study

• Published: 06 May 2021
• Volume 42 , pages 4609–4619, ( 2023 )

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• Qing Xiong 1 , 2 , 3 ,
• Xiaoyi Fang 1 , 2 ,
• Yang Wu 3 ,
• Haide Chen 4 ,
• Wei Hu 5 &
• Yuchi Zhang 6  

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School guidance and counseling services are important for adolescent development. This study focused on the predictive role of three main delivery strategies (guidance curriculum, group counseling, and individual counseling) on students’ positive development (academic, personal-social, career) and psychopathology (anxiety, depression, problem behaviors) in the high school context. Cross-sectional data were obtained from 59 high schools and 8556 students from mainland China. The results showed that the relationships between the number of times students attended guidance and counseling services and the domains of positive development were significantly higher than the relationship of the services with psychopathology. Furthermore, non-recursive model analyses showed that the latent variable of positive development mediated the influence of the services on psychopathology. In addition, psychopathology mediated the influence of counseling on positive development. The present findings confirm that school guidance and counseling services are effective for student development in China and provide partial support for the classification of guidance and counseling delivery strategies in terms of actual service effects. While paying attention to the differences in delivery strategies, school administrators are advised to consider the indirect effects of guidance and counseling on student development, which benefits the development and integration of comprehensive guidance services.

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The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due ethical considerations but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding for this study was provided by Key research projects of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China (No. 16JJD880009).

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School of Wisdom Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China

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Xiong, Q., Fang, X., Wu, Y. et al. Guidance and counseling relations to high school students’ positive development and psychopathology: A non-recursive modeling study. Curr Psychol 42 , 4609–4619 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01722-7

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Accepted : 06 April 2021

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01722-7

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Taylor, Shaunna L. "An analysis of a relaxation/stress control program in an alternative elementary school." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9787.

St, Denis Marnie L. "An assessment of a positive perspective/highlight program on elementary school children." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9805.

Antunes-Alves, Sara. "Our place in the mental health world: An exploration of counsellors' professional identity." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28489.

Manj, Jindy. "Crime prevention for primary school aged children, towards a strategy for Nanaimo." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ28442.pdf.

Stenken, Gerrett H. "The effects of training level, exposure to a multi-dimensional process-based model of change, professional experience, and commitment to training on therapeutic change process conceptualization ability." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3287331.

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Counseling & Human Services Theses & Dissertations

Theses and dissertations published by graduate students in the Department of Counseling and Human Services, College of Education, Old Dominion University, since Fall 2016 are available in this collection. Backfiles of all dissertations (and some theses) have also been added.

In late Fall 2023 or Spring 2024, all theses will be digitized and available here. In the meantime, consult the Library Catalog to find older items in print.

Theses/Dissertations from 2023 2023

Dissertation: Providing Family Centered Care Within Pediatric Integrated Care Settings , Emily D. Bebber

Dissertation: The Lived Experiences of 911 Dispatchers With Compassion Fatigue: An Interpretive Phenomenology , Angela Johnson

Dissertation: Exploring the Lived Experiences of Self-Identified Politically Conservative Students in Graduate Counseling Programs in Public Universities , Elizabeth A. Orrison

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

Dissertation: Mental Health Counselors’ Perceptions of Professional Identity as Correctional Counselors in an Integrated Behavioral Health Care Setting , Jeanel L. Franklin

Dissertation: Complex Thought for Complex Work: Preparing Cognitively Complex Counselors for Work in Diverse Settings , Alexandra C. Gantt

Dissertation: Trauma and Crisis Counselor Preparation: The Relationship of an Online Trauma and Crisis Course and Counseling Self-Efficacy , Julia Leigh Lancaster

Dissertation: An Investigation of Healthcare Professionals’ Perspectives on the Tasks of Mental Health Counselors in Hospital Settings , Suelle Micallef Marmara

Dissertation: Broaching Race and Race-Related Issues: Phenomenological Inquiry of Doctoral Student Supervisors of Counselor Trainees , Judith Wambui Preston

Dissertation: A Phenomenological Investigation of School Counselor Antiracist Social Justice Practices , Stephanie Deonca Smith-Durkin

Dissertation: Counselor Perceived Competence Diagnosing Disorders from DSM-5 Diagnostic Categories Survey Results and the Development and Validation of Scores on the Diagnostic Self-Efficacy Scale , Erin Elizabeth Woods

Dissertation: The Experiences of School Counselors Providing Virtual Services During Covid-19: A Phenomenological Investigation , Allison Kathryn Worth

Dissertation: A Comparison of Sorority Women and Non-Sorority Women’s Alcohol Use: Perception, Rate of Use, and Consequences , Betsy Zimmerman

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

Dissertation: Effectiveness of College Counseling Interventions in International Student Adjustment to United States Higher Education Systems: A Meta-Analysis , Joshua Ebby Abraham

Dissertation: What Are We Missing?: A Comparison of Experiences of Race-Based Trauma by Black Americans and Black Jamaicans , Bianca R. Augustine

Dissertation: Site Supervisors' Perspectives on Supervision of Counselor Trainees in Integrated Behavioral Health (IBH) Settings: A Q Methodology Approach , Yeşim Giresunlu

Dissertation: The Impact of a Crisis Intervention Team Program on Psychiatric Boarding , Kurtis Hooks

Dissertation: A Case Study on the Application and Implementation of Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports for Students with Emotional Disabilities in Alternative Education , Kira Candelieri Marcari

Dissertation: Initial Development of the Escala de Fortaleza en Jóvenes para Padres , David Moran

Dissertation: Incivility of Coworker Behaviors and Minority Firefighters’ Belongingness in the Workplace , Alyssa Reiter

Dissertation: A Meta-Analysis of Three Years of Data on Outcomes of Therapy Groups for Inmates in the Virginia Department of Corrections , Abie Carroll Tremblay

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

Dissertation: Improving Veterans’ Psychological Well-Being with a Positive Psychology Gratitude Exercise , Clara Im Adkins

Dissertation: An Examination of the Relationship Among Social Services Support, Race, Ethnicity and Recidivism in Justice Involved Mothers , Ne’Shaun Janay Borden

Dissertation: Development and Validation of the Students With Learning Disabilities School Counselor Self- Efficacy Scale: A Psychometric Study , Rawn Alfredo Boulden, Jr.

Dissertation: Minority Counselor Multicultural Competence in the Current Sociopolitical Climate , Kathleen Brown

Dissertation: A Meta-Analysis of Group Treatment Outcomes for Veterans with Substance Use Disorders , Robert “Tony” Dice

Dissertation: Investigating the Impact of the FAVA Well-Being Protocol on Perceived Stress and Psychological Well-Being With At-Promise High School Students , Renee L. Fensom

Dissertation: Mental Health Counselors' Perceptions on Preparedness in Integrated Behavioral Healthcare in Underserved Areas , Kyulee Park

Dissertation: Group Treatment Effectiveness for Substance Use Disorders: Abstinence vs. Harm Reduction , Jill D. Parramore

Dissertation: Best Practices in Clinical Supervision: What Must Supervisees Do? , Johana Rocha

Dissertation: A Phenomenological Investigation of Counselors’ Experiences With Clients Affected by Problematic Internet Pornography Use , Kendall R. Sparks

Dissertation: Counselor Education Doctoral Students’ Research Self-Efficacy: A Concept Mapping Approach , Zahide Sunal

Dissertation: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of Psychoeducational Groups for the Treatment of Psychopathology Resulting from Child Sexual Abuse , Alexis Lynnette Wilkerson

Dissertation: School Counseling Professionals’ Experiences Using ASCA’s Mindsets & Behaviors for Student Success to Achieve College and Career Readiness , George Wilson

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

Dissertation: Exploring the Lived Experiences of Career Oriented Military Spouses Pursuing Education for Career Advancement , Melody D. Agbisit

Dissertation: Reshaping Counselor Education: The Identification of Influential Factors on Multisystemic Therapy , T'Airra C. Belcher

Dissertation: An Investigation of Posttraumatic Growth Experienced By Parents After a Miscarriage , Barbara Elizabeth Powell Boyd

Dissertation: The Psychometric Properties of the School Counseling Internship Competency Scale , Melanie Ann Burgess

Dissertation: Intersectional Identities and Microaggressions: The Experience of Transgender Females , Cory Daniel Gerwe

Dissertation: Comparing Higher Order Value Differences By Religious and Spiritual Association and Implications for Counseling: An Exploratory Study , Gregory C. Lemich

Dissertation: The Effects of Supervisory Style and Supervisory Working Alliance on Supervisee Disclosure in Supervision: A Moderated Mediation Analysis , Chi Li

Dissertation: A Comparison of College Student-Athletes With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Nonathletes With ADHD: Academic Adjustment, Severity of Mental Health Concerns, and Complexity of Life Concerns , Sonja Lund

Dissertation: An Experimental Study of Research Self-Efficacy In Master’s Students , Nicola Aelish Meade

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

Dissertation: Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Family Adjustment Measure with Lower-Income, Ethnic Minority Parents of Children with Disabilities , Vanessa Nicole Dominguez-O'Hare

Dissertation: Risk and Resiliency Factors Affecting the College Adjustment of Students with Intersectional Ethnocultural Minority and LGBTQ Identities , Stacey Christina Fernandes

Dissertation: The Relationship Between Childhood Adversity and Adult Relationship Health for Economically Marginalized, Racially and Ethnically Diverse Individuals , Sandy-Ann M. Griffith

Dissertation: An Exploration of Practicum Students' Experiences of Meaning-Making Through Altruism , Debra Paige Lewis

Dissertation: Addiction Counselors' Perceptions of Clinical Supervision Practices , Marla Harrison Newby

Dissertation: Exploring the Variant Experiences Through Which Racial/Ethnic Minorities Select Art Therapy as a Career , Mary Ritchie Roberts

Dissertation: Psychosocial Determinants of Medication Adherence among HIV-Positive Individuals in Mexico City , Anthony Vajda

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

Dissertation: Cross-Racial Trust Factors: Exploring the Experiences of Blacks Who Have Had White Mentors in the Counseling Profession , Eric Montrece Brown

Dissertation: Personality, Motivation, and Internet Gaming Disorder: Understanding the Addiction , Kristy L. Carlisle

Dissertation: The Relationship Between Trauma Exposure and College Student Adjustment: Factors of Resilience as a Mediator , Amber Leih Jolley

Dissertation: Establishing the Psychometric Properties of the Understanding Mental Health Scale: A Dissertation Study , Michael Thomas Kalkbrenner

Dissertation: Attitudes and Actions that Adoptive Parents Perceive as Helpful in the Process of Raising Their Internationally Adopted Adolescent , Marina V. Kuzmina

Dissertation: Towards a New Profession: Counselor Professional Identity in Italy. A Delphi Study , Davide Mariotti

Dissertation: Exploring the Relationship Between Depression and Resilience in Survivors of Childhood Trauma , Marquis A. Norton

Dissertation: Understanding the Experiences of Women with Anorexia Nervosa Who Complete an Exposure Therapy Protocol in a Naturalistic Setting , Gina B. Polychronopoulos

Dissertation: An Exploratory Factor Analysis Examining Experiences and Perceptions of Campus Safety for International Students , Sonia H. Ramrakhiani

Dissertation: The Role of Self-Care and Hardiness in Moderating Burnout in Mental Health Counselors , Traci Danielle Richards

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

Dissertation: Examining Changes in College Counseling Clients’ Symptomology and Severity over an Eight Year Span , Caroline Lee Bertolet

Dissertation: Initial Development and Validation of the Transgender Ally Identity Scale for Counselors , Jamie D. Bower

Dissertation: A Counselor’s First Encounter with Non-Death Loss: A Phenomenological Case Study on New Counselor Preparation and Experience in Working with Non-Death Loss , Charles P. Carrington

Dissertation: The Relationship Between Counselors' Multicultural Counseling Competence and Poverty Beliefs , Madeline Elizabeth Clark

Dissertation: Counselors’ Perceived Preparedness for Technology-Mediated Distance Counseling: A Phenomenological Examination , Daniel C. Holland

Theses/Dissertations from 2015 2015

Dissertation: Factors Associated with Family Counseling Practices: The Effects of Training, Experience, and Multicultural Counseling Competence , Amanda A. Brookshear

Dissertation: An Examination of Supervisory Working Alliance, Supervisee Demographics, and Delivery Methods in Synchronous Distance Supervision , Robert Milton Carlisle III

Dissertation: A Phenomenological Investigation of Counselors' Perceived Degree of Preparedness When Working with Suicidal Clients , Heather Danielle Dahl

Dissertation: African American Pastors and Their Perceptions of Professional School Counseling , Krystal L. Freeman

Dissertation: A Phenomenological Investigation of Wellness and Wellness Promotion in Counselor Education Programs , Brett Kyle Gleason

Dissertation: Examining Disordered Eating Amongst Sorority Women , Andrea Joy Kirk

Dissertation: Bhutanese Counselors' Experiences with Western Counseling: A Qualitative Study , Susan V. Lester

Dissertation: An Exploration of Health Providers' Responses to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in Malaysia , Kee Pau

Dissertation: A Mixed Methods Study of the Intersection of Sexual Orientation and Spiritual Development in the College Experience , Kevin C. Snow

Theses/Dissertations from 2014 2014

Dissertation: Ethical and Legal Knowledge, Cognitive Complexity, and Moral Reasoning in Counseling Students , Matthew W. Bonner

Dissertation: A Grounded Theory of the College Experiences of African American Males in Black Greek-Letter Organizations , David Julius Ford Jr.

Dissertation: The Experiences of School Counselors with Court Involvement Related to Child Custody , Crystal E. Hatton

Dissertation: A Grounded Theory of Suicidality in Children Ten and Younger , Katherine Angela Heimsch

Dissertation: School Counseling Program Models Utilized By School Districts , Tracy L. Jackson

Dissertation: The Relationship Among Counseling Supervision Satisfaction, Counselor Self-Efficacy, Working Alliance and Multicultural factors , Jennifer Dawn Logan

Dissertation: Development of the Profession of Counseling in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania: A Grounded Theory Study , Mueni Joy Maweu Mwendwa

Dissertation: Resident Assistants' Self- Efficacy for Participation in Counseling Activities , Miranda Johnson Parries

Dissertation: Role Ambiguity of Counseling Supervisors , Aaron Gabriel Shames

Dissertation: Degree of Implementation of the American School Counselor Association National Model and School Counselor Burnout , Katrina Marie Steele

Dissertation: College Health and Mental Health Outcomes on Student Success , Daniel Joseph St. John

Dissertation: Supervisor Perceptions of Their Multicultural Training Needs for Working with English Language Learning Supervisees , Hsin-Ya Tang

Theses/Dissertations from 2013 2013

Dissertation: Experiences of Resident Assistants with Potentially Suicidal Students: Identification, Referral, and Expectations , Katherine M. Bender

Dissertation: Counselor Demographics, Client Aggression, Counselor Job Satisfaction, and Confidence in Coping in Residential Treatment Programs , Erik Braun

Dissertation: School Personnel Perceptions of Professional School Counselor Role and Function , Caron N. Coles

Dissertation: Factors That Influence Minority Student Enrollment at Various Levels of Postsecondary Education , LaShauna Mychal's Dean

Dissertation: Experiences and Perceptions of Mental Health Professionals Considered Effective in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder , Bonita H. Erb

Dissertation: A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Gatekeeping Among PhD Counselor Educators , Carol A. Erbes

Dissertation: Investigating Similarities and Differences as Measured by the DUREL and GSQ Between Three Subgroups Attending a Local AA Meeting to Develop a Profile of Long Term Attendees , Keesha Masean Kerns

Dissertation: Experiences of the Process and Outcomes of Group Dream Work , Penny Makris

Dissertation: Initial Development and Validation of the Rural Competency Scale , Cassandra Gail Pusateri

Dissertation: A Consensual Qualitative Research Study of the Transformation From High School Dropout to Second Chance Alumni , Jayne E. Smith

Theses/Dissertations from 2012 2012

Dissertation: Counselor Beliefs and Perceived Knowledge Regarding Clients with Learning Disabilities , Tamekia R. Bell

Dissertation: Using the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms - 34 (CCAPS-34) to Predict Premature Termination in a College Counseling Sample , Sean B. Hall

Dissertation: The Development and Validation of the Preference for Adherence to Theoretical Orientation Scale , Tiffinee S. Hamilton

Dissertation: Factors Impacting Counselor Competency When Counseling Sexual Minority Intimate Partner Violence Victims , Ryan Hancock

Dissertation: An Exploration of the State-Trait Continuum in Counseling and Positive Psychology , Michael A. Keefer

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Louisiana Will No Longer Require Students to Fill Out FAFSA to Graduate

Experts say high school seniors are more likely to go to college if they complete the financial aid form, but the state sees privacy issues with mandating it.

By Ann Carrns

High school seniors are more likely to attend college if they complete the federal financial aid form known as the FAFSA, or Free Application for Federal Student Aid.

But the state that was the first to require students to fill out the form to graduate, Louisiana, has reversed course and dropped the mandate, after state officials decided it was too intrusive. For now, Louisiana appears to be an outlier.

“I have not heard of other states considering repeal,” said Bill DeBaun, senior director of data and strategic initiatives with the National College Attainment Network, a nonprofit organization working to expand college access. (The network prefers to call such practices “universal FAFSA” policies, rather than “mandatory,” because all states with the requirement allow students and their parents to opt out if they don’t want to fill out the form.)

“We know FAFSA completion and enrollment are associated with each other,” Mr. DeBaun said. Filing the form allows students to get their share of federal grants .

At least 11 other states followed Louisiana’s lead and adopted similar policies or are scheduled to apply them in coming years, he said.

Unlike Louisiana, where education officials adopted the requirement as an administrative policy effective in 2018, many of the other states enacted it by law, so rescinding it would require legislative action, said Peter Granville, a fellow at the Century Foundation, a think tank, who studies federal and state efforts to increase college access and affordability.

Louisiana’s action came as a surprise, Mr. Granville said, because its policy had been “remarkably” successful, raising the state’s FAFSA completions more than 20 percent in just one year and narrowing the filing gap between high- and low-income school districts. The state ended last year’s filing cycle first in FAFSA completions, according to the college attainment network’s tracker.

The FAFSA is administered by the Education Department. It collects financial details from students and their families and is used to determine if they qualify for federal aid like need-based Pell grants, student loans and work-study programs to help pay for college. States and colleges also use the form to award their own grants and scholarships. Students, with their parents, file the form when applying to college and resubmit it each year they are enrolled.

This year, the FAFSA filing process has been plagued by delays, administrative errors and technical problems. A major revamp of the form and its financial aid formula, meant to simplify the form and make more grant aid available for students, went badly awry , making it difficult for many students to file the form. As of April 12, the number of high school seniors completing a FAFSA nationally was down 36 percent from a year earlier, according to the attainment network’s analysis of federal data.

States with universal filing policies were put under added pressure because of the FAFSA problems, Mr. DeBaun said. Some states are creating workarounds. Texas said that this year, proof of simply submitting a FAFSA would meet the requirement.

The messy FAFSA overhaul, however, wasn’t mentioned as a factor when the Louisiana State Board of Elementary and Secondary Education repealed the requirement on March 6. At a committee meeting the day before the vote, Cade Brumley, Louisiana’s superintendent of education, cited concerns about requiring parents to share financial information with the federal government and said graduation should be tied to academic criteria — and not depend on filling out financial aid forms or waivers.

Students will still receive financial aid information from school counselors, Dr. Brumley said, but won’t have to wait for their parents to fill out the FAFSA to graduate. “Basically, it’s moving it from an opt out to an opt in,” he told the full board.

Dr. Brumley, who became superintendent in 2020 and was reappointed in January, said in an interview that being seen as a state leader in FAFSA completions wasn’t necessarily positive if it meant “invading the privacy of families” or increasing student debt.

“We are simply trying to protect the liberty of our families,” he said.

He noted that the state last year passed legislation requiring high school students to take a financial literacy course, which will include information on loans and managing debt, starting with the class of 2026-27.

Caroline Roemer, executive director of the Louisiana Association of Public Charter Schools, told the board that she worried that without the requirement, the state would “go back to the bottom of the list” of FAFSA completion rankings. Before the policy was enacted, she said, fewer than half of Louisiana’s high school seniors completed the form.

Louisiana’s FAFSA completion rate for the 2014-15 school year was about 48 percent, compared with a national rate of 55 percent, according to a 2016 state report . (The state board adopted the policy in 2015, and it took effect in the 2017-18 school year.)

Ms. Roemer said in an interview that she was disappointed that the committee had jettisoned the requirement, especially since families could opt out: “You could say no.” One reason for the policy, she said, was to make sure that minority students received proper counseling about financial aid and post-high school opportunities.

“Black and brown kids were not getting the information,” she said. “We have a history.”

Asked about that, Dr. Brumley said guidance given to school systems “is colorblind.”

Mia Gonzales Washington, director of the New Orleans College and Career Attainment Network, an initiative of the Cowen Institute at Tulane University that offers professional development for high school counselors, teachers and other professionals, said the repeal was “unfortunate.” Most financial information requested on the FAFSA is also included in federal tax returns, which can be transferred into the form, she said.

If you are filing tax returns, “the government already has your financial information,” she added. “It’s really difficult to understand the rationale.”

Here are some questions and answers about the FAFSA and college financial aid:

What states have universal FAFSA policies?

In addition to Louisiana , where the policy remains in place for this year’s graduating class, at least six other states have a requirement tied to graduation: Illinois, Alabama, Texas, California, Indiana and New Hampshire, according to the attainment network. Four states — Connecticut, Nebraska, New Jersey and Oklahoma — plan to require it starting with the class of 2025, and Kansas is scheduled to begin a requirement in 2028.

In New York, the budget just approved by the Legislature includes a plan to require school districts to make sure all students complete federal or state financial aid forms, or sign a waiver stating that they are “aware of available aid but choose not to pursue it,” according to a news release from Gov. Kathy Hochul’s office. (School districts will enforce the rule. If students do not fill out the application or opt out, they will still be able to graduate.) The policy takes effect in August, for the class of 2025.

What about financial aid packages this year for graduating high school seniors?

Because of the botched FAFSA update, many students and families are still waiting for official financial aid offers, even as the traditional May 1 deadline for committing to a college approaches. A survey of members of the National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators this month suggested that fewer than half of colleges had sent out aid offers to some or all accepted students, and that 44 percent had not begun packaging offers at all. Some schools have extended their commitment deadlines to give students time to review offers.

How much does it cost to attend college?

The turmoil around the FAFSA comes amid growing concern about student debt and the cost of attending college. The average published, or “sticker,” price for tuition, fees, housing and meals at a four-year private college was $56,190 for the 2023-24 school year, compared with about $24,000 for an in-state student at a public college, according to the College Board. The published cost of a year at some private colleges is soon to reach $100,000 , although most students don’t pay full price because of financial aid and discounts.