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Case Study Questions Class 10 Science Life Processes

Case study questions class 10 science chapter 6 life processes.

At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study. There will various types of marks will given 1 marks, 2 marks, 3 marks, 4 marks.

CBSE Case Based Questions Class 10 Science Chemistry Chapter 6

CASE STUDY : 1

Carbon and energy requirements of the autotrophic organism are fulfilled by photosynthesis. It is the process by which autotrophs take in substances from the outside and convert them into stored forms of energy. This material is taken in the form of carbon dioxide and water which is converted into carbohydrates in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. Carbohydrates are utilised for providing energy to the plant.

i) Write a chemical reaction which occur during photosynthesis?

Ans: 6CO2 +12H2O + Chlorophyll & sunlight👉 C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

ii) In which form of carbohydrates does the plant stored in them?

Ans: The carbohydrates are stored in the form of starch as the internal energy.

iii) What is stomata?

Ans: The process present in the surface of a leaf or the stem of a plant to allow the exchange of gases.

iv) What are the functions of stomata?

Ans: i) Exchange of gases i.e oxygen and CO2

ii) Transpiration

v) What is Chloroplast?

Ans: Chloroplast is a cell organelles which contains photosynthetic pigment called as chlorophyll which help in the absorption of sunlight.

CASE STUDY : 2

The alimentary canal is basically a long tube extending from the mouth to the anus. In Fig. 6.6, we can see that the tube has different parts. Various regions are specialised to perform different functions.

We eat various types of food which has to pass through the same digestive tract. Naturally the food has to be processed to generate particles which are small and of the same texture. This is achieved by crushing the food with our teeth

i) Which enzyme is present in our mouth to digest starch?

Ans: Salivary amylase from salivary glands.

ii) What are the types of enzymes released by our stomach?

Ans: Hydrochloric acid, pepsin and a mucus.

iii) Which is the longest part of our alimentary canal in our body?

Ans: Small intestine

iv) What are villi?

Ans: Villi are finger like projection present inside the inner lining of the small intestine which increases the surface area for absorption.

v) What are the enzymes that are released by pancreas?

Ans: Enzyme released by pancreas – • trypsin- Digestion of protein

lipase – breakdown of emulsified fats

CASE  STUDY : 3

The food material taken in during the process of nutrition is used in cells to provide energy for various life processes. Diverse organisms do this in different ways – some use oxygen to break-down glucose completely into carbon dioxide and water, some use other pathways that do not involve oxygen (Fig. 6.8). In all cases, the first step is the break-down of glucose, a six-carbon molecule, into a three-carbon molecule called pyruvate. This process takes place in the cytoplasm.

i) What is anaerobic respiration?

Ans: The conversion of pyruvate into ethanol, CO2 & energy take place in the absence of air(oxygen),  it is called anaerobic respiration.

ii) Explain the process which happen in our muscle cells?

Ans- The conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid( 3 carbon molecule)  and energy due to the lack of oxygen.

iii) In which form our body used the energy?

Ans: It is in the form of ATP molecule i.e Adenosine Triphosphate.

iv) Why there is a faster breathing rate of aquatic animals then the terrestrial animals?

Ans- The amount of O2 dissolved in water is low as compared to amount of O2 present in air. Therefore, aquatic animals have faster breathing rate.

v) Write the name of organ used for respiration by different organism- fish, frog?

Ans- i) fish- gills

ii) frog- skin, lungs

CASE STUDY : 4

The excretory system of human beings includes a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladder and a urethra. Kidneys are located in the abdomen, one on either side of the backbone. Urine produced in the kidneys passes through the ureters into the urinary bladder where it is stored until it is released through the urethra.

i) What is the purpose of making urine?

Ans: Urine is to filter out the blood i e to remove waste product from the blood such as urea.

ii) What is Bowman’s capsule?

Ans: A cup shaped end of a coiled tube which is associated with capillaries to collect filterate.

iii) What is dialysis?

Ans: To remove nitrogenous waste from your blood by using machine when kidney does not its function i.e in case of kidney failure.

iv) What is the function of urinary bladder?

Ans: It is used to stored urine until the pressure comes from the brain to pass it out.

v) What are the different parts of nephrons?

Ans: Renal artery, Bowman’s capsule, glomerulus, tubular part of nephron and a collecting duct.

CASE STUDY : 5

The heart is a muscular organ which is as big as our fist. Because both oxygen and carbon dioxide have to be transported by the blood, the heart has different chambers to prevent the oxygen-rich blood from mixing with the blood containing carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide-rich blood has to reach the lungs for the carbon dioxide to be removed, and the oxygenated blood from the lungs has to be brought back to the heart. This oxygen-rich blood is then pumped to the rest of the body.

i) How many chambers are present in the heart of mammals and reptiles?

Ans: Mammals- 4 chamber heart and reptiles- 3 chambered heart

ii) Who carry deoxygenated blood from body to heart?

Ans: Vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from body to heart.

iii) What do you meant by the term double circulation?

Ans: The blood goes through the heart twice during each cycle known as double circulation.

iv) What is hypertension?

Ans: The force that blood experts against the wall of a vessels is called hypertension or high blood pressure.

V) Which device measured blood pressure?

Ans: Sphygmomanometer

CASE STUDY : 6

Plant transport systems will move energy stores from leaves and raw materials from roots. These two pathways are constructed as independently organised conducting tubes. One, the xylem moves water and minerals obtained from the soil. The other, phloem transports products of photosynthesis from the leaves where they are synthesised to other parts of the plant

i) What are the different parts of xylem?

Ans: vessels, tracheids, xylem parenchyma and fibres.

ii) What do you meant by the term transpiration?

Ans: The loss of water in the form of vapour from the aerial parts of the plant.

iii) What are the advantages of transpiration?

Ans: i) help in the absorption and the upward movement of water

ii) temperature regulation

iv) What is translocation?

Ans: The transport of soluble products of photosynthesis is called translocation.

v) How does plant remove their waste product?

Ans: They remove their waste product in the form of fallen leaves, resins and gums.

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CBSE 10th Standard Science Subject Life Processes Chapter Case Study Questions With Solution 2021

By QB365 on 21 May, 2021

QB365 Provides the updated CASE Study Questions for Class 10 , and also provide the detail solution for each and every case study questions . Case study questions are latest updated question pattern from NCERT, QB365 will helps to get  more marks in Exams 

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Cbse 10th standard science subject life processes case study questions with solution 2021.

10th Standard CBSE

Final Semester - June 2015

(ii) Fermentation is represented by the equation \(\text { (a) } \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}+6 \mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_{2}+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}+686 \mathrm{kcal}\) \(\text { (b) } \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}+2 \mathrm{CO}_{2}+59 \mathrm{kcal}\) \(\text { (c) } 6 \mathrm{CO}_{2}+12 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \frac{\text { Light }}{\text { Chlorophyll }}>\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}+6 \mathrm{O}_{2}\) \(\text { (d) } 6 \mathrm{CO}_{2}+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}+6 \mathrm{O}_{2} \text { . }\) (iii) A test tube containing molasses solution and yeast is kept in a warm place overnight. The gas collected from this mixture

(iv) Ethyl alcohol fermentation occurs in

(v) Though vertebrates are aerobes, but their (i) show anaerobic respiration during (ii) During this  (iii) of skeletal muscle fibres is broken down-to release lactic acid and energy. Lactic acid, if accumulates causes muscle fatigue. Fill up the blanks in the above paragraph and select the correct option

(iii) Which of the following animals shows double circulatory pathway?

(v) Select the option which properly represents pulmonary circulation in humans. \(\text { (a) Left auricle } \frac{\text { Deoxygenated }}{\text { blood }}{\longrightarrow} \text { Lungs } \frac{\text { Oxygenated }}{\text { blood }} \text { Right ventricle }\) \(\text { (b) Left auricle } \frac{\text { Oxygenated }}{\text { blood }}{\longrightarrow} \text { Lungs } \frac{\text { Deoxygenated }}{\text { blood }}{\longrightarrow} \text { Right ventricle }\) \(\text { (c) Right ventricle } \frac{\text { Deoxygenated }}{\text { blood }}{\longrightarrow} \text { Lungs } \frac{\text { Oxygenated }}{\text { blood }} \rightarrow \text { Left auricle }\) \(\text { (d) Right ventricle } \frac{\text { Oxygenated }}{\text { blood }}>\text { Lungs } \frac{\text { Deoxygenated }}{\text { blood }} \gg \text { Left auricle }\)

Transpiration is the evaporative loss of water by plants. It occurs mainly through the stoma in the leaves. Besides the loss of water vapour in transpiration, exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the leaf also occurs through pores called stomata. Normally stomata remain open in the day time and close during the night (i) Which of the following will not directly affect transpiration?

(v) Which of the following sequences is correct to initiate inspiration? (I) The contraction of intercostal muscles raises the ribs and sternum (II) Volume of thorax increases (III) Intrathoracic pressure of the lungs decreases (IV) Diaphragm contraction (v) Air rushes into lungs

The green plants make their food, through photosynthesis and are therefore called autotrophs. All other organisms depend upon green plants for food and are referred to as heterotrophs. Green plants carry out photosynthesis by using light energy of sun. The first phase of reactions are directly light driven therefore called light reactions. The second phase of reactions are not directly light driven but are dependent on the products of light reactions and are called dark reactions. (i) Which of the following is produced during the light phase of photosynthesis?

(ii) In the overall process of photosynthesis, the number of sugar molecules produced is

(v) Following table summarises the differences between light and dark reactions.

Which of the following is correct group of differences?

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Cbse 10th standard science subject life processes case study questions with solution 2021 answer keys.

(i) (c): In the test tube full of mercury (figure A) there is no air and, therefore, the introduced soaked seeds do not get air for aerobic respiration. But they are capable of respiration in the absence of oxygen as is indicated by the evolution of carbon dioxide (figure B). Therefore, anaerobic respiration takes place in the seeds in the absence of free oxygen. The experiment also shows that CO 2 is evolved in anaerobic respiration of seeds. (ii) (b) (iii) (d): The given process is an example of alcoholic fermentation, thus the gas produced is CO 2 . (iv) (c): Ethyl alcohol fermentation occurs in fungi such as Rhizopus, yeast and bacteria. (v) (a): Muscle fatigue is the reduction in force of contraction of a muscle after prolonged stimulation. In the absence of oxygen, skeletal muscle of human beings can contract for a short time, but it gets fatigued soon. This is due to the fact that in the absence of oxygen, products of glycolysis mainly lactic acid is not disposed off and accumulates in the muscles. This leads to muscle fatigue and pain in the muscles. A muscle gets fatigued sooner after a strenuous exercise than after a mild exercise. Faster breathing for sometime after a strenuous exercise supplies extra oxygen, disposes off excess lactic acid and muscle fatigue disappears.

(i) (c): A- Artery: Carries blood from heart to different body parts. It is thick-walled and elastic. It acts as a "pressure reservoir" for maintaining the blood flow. B - Capillary : Nutrients, hormones, gases, etc. can diffuse into tissue cells through capillaries and vice versa. It is thin-walled, and only one cell layer thick resting on basement membrane. C - Vein: Brings blood from different body parts to the heart. It is thin-walled and act as low-resistance conduct for blood flow. D - Pulmonary vein: Two pulmonary veins from each lung transport the oxygenated blood to the left atrium. (ii) (d): In amphibians, the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the gills/lungs/skin and the right atrium gets the deoxygenated blood from other body parts. However, they get mixed up in the single ventricle which pumps out mixed blood i.e., incomplete double circulation (iii) (d): Whale is a mammal and in mammals, two separate circulatory pathways are found - systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation. Oxygenated and deoxygenated bloods received by the left and right atria respectively pass on to the left and right ventricles. Thus, oxygenated and deoxygenated bloods are not mixed. This is referred to as double circulation. (iv) (a) (v) (c): Pulmonary circulation is the movement of blood between heart and lungs. During this pathway deoxygenated blood entering the right atrium, moves into the right ventricle. From here it moves through the pulmonary arch into the lungs for oxygenation. Then from lungs the oxygenated blood moves into the left atrium through pulmonary veins.

(i) (d) (ii) (d) (iii) (b): The epidermal surface of the leaf exhibits a large number of minute openings called stomata. The stomata are bordered by two specialized epidermal cells - the guard cells which in some cases are accompanied by subsidiary cells. The walls of guard cells are unevenly thickened. Each guard cell has thick, inelastic inner wall and thin, elastic outer wall. Stomatal aperture is present in between the guard cells. Guard cells are not always surrounded by accessory cells or subsidiary cells. (iv) (b) (v) (a)

(i) (c) : Number of RBCs per cubic millimetre of blood is likely to be higher in people living at high altitudes. This is in response to the air being less dense at high altitude and thus more RBCs (and hence more Hb) are needed to absorb the required amount of O 2 from the air having low pO 2 (partial pressure of O 2 ). (ii) (c): The change from II to III indicates decrease in the volume of lungs and thus, increase in the pressure of air inside the lungs. This results in movement of air out of the lungs. (iii) (c) (iv) (b): p-pharynx, q-trachea, r-alveoli, s-diaphragm, t-ribs (v) (c)

(i) (d): In light reaction of photosynthesis assimilatory power is produced, i.e., energy rich ATP molecules and reduced coenzyme NADPH. (ii) (d): The equation of photosynthesis may be represented as \(6 \mathrm{CO}_{2}+12 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}+6 \mathrm{O}_{2}\) No. of C 6 H 12 O 6 (sugar) molecules produced =1 (iii) (c) (iv) (b): Light reactions (or photochemical phase) of photosynthesis mainly occur on the grana thylakoids. Dark reactions (or biosynthetic phase) which involve synthesis of carbohydrates by CO 2 fixation, occur inthe stroma (or matrix) of chloroplasts. The chloroplast matrix of higher plants stores starch temporarily in the form of starch granules. (v) (b): Light reactions are also called photochemical phase whereas dark reactions are also called biochemical phase.

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Case Study Questions Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes

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CBSE Board Exam is on the way, so you must practice some good Case Study Questions Class 10 Science to boost your preparation to score 95+% on Boards. In this post, you will get Case Study and Passage Based Questions that will come in CBSE Class 10 Science Board Exams.

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In CBSE Class 10 Science Paper, Students will have to answer some questions based on  Assertion and Re a son . There will be a few questions based on case studies and passage-based as well. In that, a paragraph will be given, and then the MCQ questions based on it will be asked.

Life Processes Case Study Questions With Answers

Here, we have provided case-based/passage-based questions for Class 10 Science  Chapter 6 Life Processes

Case Study/Passage-Based Questions

Question 1:

Transpiration is the evaporative loss of water by plants. It occurs mainly through the stoma in the leaves. Besides the loss of water vapor in transpiration, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the leaf also occurs through pores called stomata. Normally stomata remain open in the daytime and close during the night

(i) Which of the following will not directly affect transpiration?

Answer: (d) Chlorophyll content of leaves

(ii) Water vapour comes out from the plant leaf through the stomatal opening. Through the same stomatal opening, carbon dioxide diffuses into the plant during photosynthesis. Reason out the above statements . using one of following options. (a) The above processes happen only during night time. (b) One process occurs during day time and the other at night. (c) Both processes cannot happen Simultaneously. (d) Both processes can happen together at day time.

Answer: (d) Both processes can happen together at day time.

(iii) Which of the following statements is not true for stomatal apparatus? (a) Guard cells invariably possess chloroplasts and mitochondria. (b) Guard cells are always surrounded by subsidiary cells. (c) Stomata are involved in gaseous exchange. (d) Inner wall of guard cells are thick.

Answer: (b) Guard cells are always surrounded by subsidiary cells.

(iv) Which of the following is not a purpose of transpiration? (a) Helps in absorption and transport in plants (b) Prevents loss of water (c) Maintains shape and structure of plants by keeping the cells turgid (d) Supplies water for photosynthesis

Answer: (b) Prevents loss of water

Answer: (a) P-Atmospheric temperature; Q-Atmospheric pressure

Question 2:

Heterotrophic nutrition is a mode of nutrition in which organisms obtain readymade organic food from outside sources. The organisms that depend upon outside sources for obtaining organic nutrients are called heterotrophs. Heterotrophic nutrition is of three types: saprophytic, parasitic, and holozoic nutrition.

(i) In which of the following groups of organisms food material is broken outside the body and absorbed? (a) Mushroom, green plants, Amoeba (b) Yeast, mushroom, bread mould (c) Paramecium, Amoeba, Cuscuta (d) Cuscuta, lice, tapeworm

Answer: (b) Yeast, mushroom, bread mould

(ii) Which of the following is a parasite? (a) Yeast (b) Taenia (c) Amoeba (d) Earthworm

Answer: (b) Taenia

(iii) Which of the following is an example of saprotroph? (a) Grass (b) Mushroom (c) Amoeba (d) Paramecium

Answer: (b) Mushroom

(iv) Heterotrophic nutrition involves (a) production of simple sugar from inorganic compounds (b) utilisation of chemical energy to prepare food (c) utilisation of energy obtained by plants (d) all of these.

Answer: (c) utilisation of energy obtained by plants

(v) In Paramecium, food enters the body through (a) mouth (b) pseudopodia (c) cilia (d) cytostom

Answer: (d) cytostom

Case Study 3: Life processes are the essential functions that living organisms perform to maintain their existence. These processes include nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion, and reproduction. Nutrition involves the intake of food and its utilization by the body for energy and growth. It can be classified into two types: autotrophic and heterotrophic. Autotrophic nutrition is the process by which organisms, such as plants, produce their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide through photosynthesis. Heterotrophic nutrition is the process by which organisms obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms. Respiration is the process of releasing energy from food through the oxidation of glucose molecules. Transportation involves the movement of materials, such as nutrients, water, and gases, within the body. Excretion is the removal of waste products generated by metabolic activities. Reproduction is the process by which organisms produce offspring of their own kind. Understanding life processes is crucial for studying the functioning and survival of living organisms.

What are the essential functions that living organisms perform to maintain their existence called? a) Life processes b) Metabolic activities c) Cellular respiration d) Photosynthesis Answer: a) Life processes

What is autotrophic nutrition? a) The process of consuming other organisms for nutrients b) The process of producing food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide through photosynthesis c) The process of releasing energy from food through oxidation d) The process of removing waste products from the body Answer: b) The process of producing food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide through photosynthesis

What is the process of releasing energy from food through the oxidation of glucose molecules called? a) Respiration b) Photosynthesis c) Transportation d) Reproduction Answer: a) Respiration

What does transportation involve? a) The intake of food and its utilization by the body b) The movement of materials within the body c) The removal of waste products generated by metabolic activities d) The process of producing offspring Answer: b) The movement of materials within the body

What is reproduction? a) The intake of food and its utilization by the body b) The movement of materials within the body c) The removal of waste products generated by metabolic activities d) The process of producing offspring of their own kind Answer: d) The process of producing offspring of their own kind

Hope the information shed above regarding Case Study and Passage Based Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes with Answers Pdf free download has been useful to an extent. If you have any other queries about CBSE Class 10 Science Life Processes Case Study and Passage-Based Questions with Answers, feel free to comment below so that we can revert back to us at the earliest possible. By Team Study Rate

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Case Study Questions Class 10 Science

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Download Case study questions for CBSE class 10 Science in PDF format from the myCBSEguide App . We have the new pattern case study-based questions for free download. Class 10 Science case study questions

This article will guide you through:

What are case study questions?

• Sample Papers with Case Study questions
• Class 10 Science Case Study question examples
• How to get case-based questions for free?
• How to attempt the case-based questions in Science?

Questions based on case studies are some real-life examples. The questions are asked based on a given paragraph i.e. Case Study.  Usually, 4-5 questions are asked on the basis of the given passage. In most cases, these are either MCQs or assertion & reason type questions. Let’s take an example to understand. There is one paragraph on how nitrogen is generated in the atmosphere. On the basis of this paragraph, the board asks a few objective-type questions. In other words, it is very similar to the unseen passages given in language papers. But the real cases may be different. So, read this article till the end to understand it thoroughly.

What is CBE?

CBSE stands for competency-based education. The case study questions are part of this CBE. The purpose of CBE is to demonstrate the learning outcomes and attain proficiency in particular competencies.

Questions on Real-life Situations

As discussed the case study questions are based on real-life situations. Especially for grade 10 science, it is very essential to have the practical knowledge to solve such questions. Here on the myCBSEguide app, we have given many such case study paragraphs that are directly related to real-life implications of the knowledge.

Sample Papers with Case Study Questions

Class 10 Science Sample Papers with case study questions are available in the myCBSEguide App . There are 4 such questions (Q.No.17 to 20) in the CBSE model question paper. If you analyze the format, you will find that the MCQs are very easy to answer. So, we suggest you, read the given paragraph carefully and then start answering the questions. In some cases, you will find that the question is not asked directly from the passage but is based on the concept that is discussed there. That’s why it is very much important to understand the background of the case study paragraph.

CBSE Case Study Sample Papers

You can download CBSE case study sample papers from the myCBSEguide App or Student Dashboard. Here is the direct link to access it.

Case Study Question Bank

As we mentioned that case study questions are coming in your exams for the last few years. You can get them in all previous year question papers issued by CBSE for class 1o Science. Here is the direct link to get them too.

Class 10 Science Case Study Question Examples

As you have already gone through the four questions provided in the CBSE model question paper , we are proving you with other examples of the case-based questions in the CBSE class 10 Science. If you wish to get similar questions, you can download the myCBSEguide App and access the Sample question papers with case study-type questions.

Case-based Question -1

Read the following and answer any four questions: Salt of a strong acid and strong base is neutral with a pH value of 7. NaCl common salt is formed by a combination of hydrochloride and sodium hydroxide solution. This is the salt that is used in food. Some salt is called rock salt bed of rack salt was formed when seas of bygone ages dried up. The common salt thus obtained is an important raw material for various materials of daily use, such as sodium hydroxide, baking soda, washing soda, and bleaching powder.

• Phosphoric acid
• Carbonic acid
• Hydrochloric acid
• Sulphuric acid
• Blue vitriol
• Washing soda
• Baking soda
• Bleaching powder

Case-based Question -2

• V 1  + V 2  + V 3
• V 1  – V 2  +V 2
• None of these
• same at every point of the circuit
• different at every point of the circuit
• can not be determined
• 20 3 Ω 203Ω
• 15 2 Ω 152Ω

Case-based Question -3

• pure strips
• impure copper
• refined copper
• none of these
• insoluble impurities
• soluble impurities
• impure metal
• bottom of cathode
• bottom of anode

How to Attempt the Case-Based Questions in Science?

Before answering this question, let’s read the text given in question number 17 of the CBSE Model Question Paper.

All living cells require energy for various activities. This energy is available by the breakdown of simple carbohydrates either using oxygen or without using oxygen.

See, there are only two sentences and CBSE is asking you 5 questions based on these two sentences. Now let’s check the first questions given there.

Energy in the case of higher plants and animals is obtained by a) Breathing b) Tissue respiration c) Organ respiration d) Digestion of food

Now let us know if you can relate the question to the paragraph directly. The two sentences are about energy and how it is obtained. But neither the question nor the options have any similar text in the paragraph.

So the conclusion is, in most cases, you will not get direct answers from the passage. You will get only an idea about the concept. If you know it, you can answer it but reading the paragraph even 100 times is not going to help you.

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Case Study and Passage Based Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes

• Last modified on: 3 years ago
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In CBSE Class 10 Science Paper, Students will have to answer some questions based on  Assertion and Reason . There will be a few questions based on case studies and passage based as well. In that, a paragraph will be given, and then the MCQ questions based on it will be asked.

Here, we have provided case based/passage based questions for Class 10 Science  Chapter 6 Life Processes .

Question 1:

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).

All living cells need nutrients, O, and other essential substances. Also, the waste and harmful substances need to be removed continuously for healthy functioning of cells. So, a well developed transport system is mandatory for living organisms. Complex organisms have special fluids within their bodies to transport such materials. Blood is the most commonly used body fluid by most of the higher organisms. Lymph also helps in the transport of certain substances.

(i) Which of the following does not exhibit phagocytic activity? (a) Monocytes (b) Neutrophils (c) Basophil (d) Macrophage

(ii) Amount of blood corpusles in changed in dengue fever. One of the common symptoms observed in people infected with dengue fever is (a) significant decrease in RBC count (b) significant decrease in WBC count (c) significant decrease in platelets count (d) significant increase in platelets count.

(iii) Why are WBCs called soldiers of the body? (a) They are capable of squeezing out of blood capillaries. (b) They are manufactured in bone marrow. (c) They fight against disease causing germs. (d) They have granular cytoplasm with lobed nucleus.

(iv) Name the blood cells, whose reduction in number can cause clotting disorder, leading to excessive loss of blood from the body. (a) Erythrocytes (b) Neutrophils (c) Leucocytes (d) Thrombocytes

(v) Which of the following is the correct feature of lymph? (a) It is similar to the plasma of blood, but is colourless and contains less proteins. (b) It is similar to the WBCs of blood, but is colourless and contain more proteins. (c) It is similar to the RBCs of blood and red in colour. (d) It contains more fats.

Question 2:

Heterotrophic nutrition is a mode of nutrition in which organisms obtain readymade organic food from outside sources. The organisms that depend upon outside sources for obtaining organic nutrients are called heterotrophs. Heterotrophic nutrition is of three types: saprophytic, parasitic and holozoic nutrition.

(i) In which of the following groups of organisms food material is broken outside the body and absorbed? (a) Mushroom, green plants, Amoeba (b) Yeast, mushroom, bread mould (c) Paramecium, Amoeba, Cuscuta (d) Cuscuta, lice, tapeworm

(ii) Which of the following is a parasite? (a) Yeast (b) Taenia (c) Amoeba (d) Earthworm

(iii) Which of the following is an example of saprotroph? (a) Grass (b) Mushroom (c) Amoeba (d) Paramecium

(iv) Heterotrophic nutrition involves (a) production of simple sugar from inorganic compounds (b) utilisation of chemical energy to prepare food (c) utilisation of energy obtained by plants (d) all of these.

(v) In Paramecium, food enters the body through (a) mouth (b) pseudopodia (c) cilia (d) cytostome

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CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter Wise Important Case Study Questions

Chapter wise important case study questions cbse class 10 science: cbse class 10 science board exam 2024 is just around the corner and students are working hard to score maximum marks. check these case study questions from class 10 science to ace your examination this year also download the solutions from the pdf attached towards the end. .

CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter Wise Important Case Study Questions: While the CBSE Board exam for Class 10 students are ongoing, the CBSE Class 10 Science board exam 2024 is to be held on March 2, 2024. With the exams just a  few days away, CBSE Class 10th Board exam candidates are rushing to prepare the remaining syllabus, practising their weak portions, trying to revise the important questions from the past year papers, practise questions, etc. 

Why are CBSE Class 10 Science Case Study Questions Important?

• Section A : 20 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) carrying 1 mark each.  
• Section B : 6 Very Short Answer type questions carrying 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should be in the range of 30 to 50 words.  
• Section C : 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 3 marks each. Answers to these questions should be in the range of 50 to 80 words.  
• Section D : 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 5 marks each. Answers to these questions should be in the range of 80 to 120 words.
• Section E : 3 Case Based/ Source Based units of assessment (4 marks each) with sub-parts.  

How to solve case study questions in CBSE Class 10 Science?

• Read the case given and the associated questions carefully.
• Read the questions attentively and analyse what they are asking.
• Apply your subject knowledge and theories in the given case to decide what the correct answers should be.

1.A chemical reaction is a representation of chemical change in terms of symbols and formulae of reactants and products. There are various types of chemical reactions like combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, oxidation and reduction reactions. Reactions in which heat is released along with the formation of products are called exothermic chemical reactions. All combustion reactions are exothermic reactions.

(i) The massive force that pushes the rocket forward through space is generated due to the

(a) combination reaction

(b) decomposition reaction

(c) displacement reaction

(d) double displacement reaction

(ii) A white salt on heating decomposes to give brown fumes and yellow residue is left behind. The yellow residue left is of

(a) lead nitrate

(b) nitrogen oxide

(c) lead oxide

(d) oxygen gas

(iii) Which of the following reactions represents a combination reaction?

(a) CaO (s) + H2O (l) → Ca (OH)2 (aq)

(b) CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2(g)

(c) Zn(s) + CuSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu(s)

(d) 2FeSO4(s) → Fe2O3 (s) +SO2(g) + SO3(g)

(iv) Complete the following statements by choosing correct type of reaction for X and Y.

Statement 1: The heating of lead nitrate is an example of ‘X’ reaction.

Statement 2: The burning of magnesium is an example of ‘Y’ reaction.

(a)X-Combination,Y-Decomposition

(b)X-Decomposition,Y-Combination

(c)X-Combination,Y-Displacement

(d) X- Displacement, Y-Decomposition

2.The earlier concept of oxidation and reduction is based on the addition or removal of oxygen or hydrogen elements so, in terms of oxygen and hydrogen, oxidation is addition of oxygen to a substance and removal of hydrogen from a substance. On the other hand, reduction is addition of hydrogen to a substance and removal of oxygen from a substance. The substance which gives oxygen to another substance or removes hydrogen from another substance in an oxidation reaction is known as oxidising agent, while the substance which gives hydrogen to another substance or removes oxygen from another substance in a reduction reaction is known as reducing agent. For example, 

(i) A redox reaction is one in which

(a) both the substances are reduced

(b) both the substances are oxidised

(c) an acid is neutralised by the base

(d) one substance is oxidised while the other is reduced.

(ii) In the reaction, H2S+Cl2⟶S+2HCl

(a) H2S is the reducing agent. 

(b) HCl is the oxidising agent.

(c) H2S is the oxidising agent. 

(d) Cl2 is the reducing agent.

(iii) Which of the following processes does not involve either oxidation or reduction?

(a) Formation of slaked lime from quicklime.

(b) Heating mercuric oxide.

(c) Formation of manganese chloride from manganese oxide (MnO2).

(d) Formation of zinc from zinc blende.

(iv) Mg+CuO⟶MgO+Cu

Which of the following is wrong relating to the above reaction?

(a) CuO gets reduced

(b) Mg gets oxidised.

(c) CuO gets oxidised. 

(d) It is a redox reaction.

3.A copper vessel gets tarnished due to formation of an oxide layer on its surface. On rubbing lemon on the vessel, the surface is cleaned, and the vessel begins to shine again. This is due to the fact that which reacts with the acid present in lemon to form a salt which is washed away with water. As a result, the layer of copper oxide is removed from the surface of the vessel and the shining surface is exposed.

1.Which of the following acids is present in lemon?

(a) Formic acid

(b) Acetic acid

(c) Citric acid

(d) Hydrochloric acid

2.The nature of copper oxide is

d) amphoteric

3.Name the salt formed in the above reaction

a) copper carbonate

b) copper chloride

c)copper citrate

d) copper citrate

4.The phenomenon of copper getting tarnished is

a) corrosion

b) rancidity

c) displacement

d)none of these

4.Metals as we know, are very useful in all fields, industries in particular. Non-metals are no less in any way. Oxygen present in air is essential for breathing as well as for combustion. Non-metals form a large number of compounds which are extremely useful, e.g., ammonia, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, etc. Non-metals are found to exist in three states of matter. Only solid non-metals are expected to be hard however, they have low density and are brittle. They usually have low melting and boiling points and are poor conductors of electricity.

i.____________ is a non-metal but is lustrous

A.Phosphorus

ii.Which of the following is known as 'King of chemicals'?

C. Sulphuric acid

D. Nitric acid

iii.Which of the following non-metals is a liquid?

iv.Hydrogen is used

A.for the synthesis of ammonia

B. for the synthesis of methyl alcohol

C.nitrogenous fertilizers

D. all of these

5.Nisha observed that the bottoms of cooking utensils were turning black in colour while the flame of her stove was yellow in colour. Her daughter suggested cleaning the air holes of the stove to get a clean, blue flame. She also told her mother that this would prevent the fuel from getting wasted.

a) Identify the reasons behind the sooty flame arising from the stove.

b) Can you distinguish between saturated and unsaturated compounds by burning them? Justify your answer.

c) Why do you think the colour of the flame turns blue once the air holes of the stove are cleaned?

6.Blood transport food, Oxygen and waste materials in our bodies. It consists of plasma as a fluid medium. A pumping organ [heart] is required to push the blood around the body. The blood flows through the chambers of the heart in a specific manner and direction. While flowing throughout the body, blood exerts a pressure against the wall or a vessel.

• Pulmonary artery
• Pulmonary vein
• Very narrow and have high resistance
• Much wide and have low resistance
• Very narrow and have low resistance
• Much wide and have high resistance
• It is a hollow muscular organ
• It is four chambered having three auricles and one ventricle.
• It has different chambers to prevent O2 rich blood from mixing with the blood containing CO2
• Both A & C
• Blood = Plasma + RBC + WBC + Platelets
• Plasma = Blood – RBC
• Lymph = Plasma + RBC
• Serum = Plasma + RBC + WBC

7.A brain is displayed at the Allen Institute for Brain Science. The human brain is a 3-pound (1.4-kilogram) mass of jelly-like fats and tissues—yet it's the most complex of all known living structures The human brain is more complex than any other known structure in the universe. Weighing in at three pounds, on average, this spongy mass of fat and protein is made up of two overarching types of cells—called glia and neurons— and it contains many billions of each. Neurons are notable for their branch-like projections called axons and dendrites, which gather and transmit electrochemical signals. Different types of glial cells provide physical protection to neurons and help keep them, and the brain, healthy. Together, this complex network of cells gives rise to every aspect of our shared humanity. We could not breathe, play, love, or remember without the brain.

1)Animals such as elephants, dolphins, and whales actually have larger brains, but humans have the most developed cerebrum. It's packed to capacity inside our skulls and is highly folded. Why our brain is highly folded?

• b) Learning

3)Which among these protects our brain?

a)Neurotransmitter

b) Cerebrospinal fluid

d) Grey matter

4.Ram was studying in his room. Suddenly he smells something burning and sees smoke in the room. He rushes out of the room immediately. Was Ram’s action voluntary or involuntary? Why?

8.Preeti is very fond of gardening. She has different flowering plants in her garden. One day a few naughty children entered her garden and plucked many leaves of Bryophyllum plant and threw them here and there in the garden. After few days, Preeti observed that new Bryophyllum plants were coming out from the leaves which fell on the ground.

1.What does the incident sited in the paragraph indicate?

(a). Bryophyllum leaves have special buds that germinate to give rise to new plant.

(b). Bryophyllum can propagate vegetatively through leaves.

(c). Bryophyllum is a flowering plant that reproduces only asexually

(d). Both (a) and (b).

2.Which of the following plants can propagate vegetatively through leaves like Bryophyllum?

3.Do you think any other vegetative part of Bryophyllum can help in propagation? If yes, then which part?

(c) Flowers

4.Which of the following plant is artificially propagated (vegetatively) by stem cuttings in horticultural practices?

(b)Snakeplant

(d)Water hyacinth

9.The growing size of the human population is a cause of concern for all people. The rate of birth and death in a given population will determine its size. Reproduction is the process by which organisms increase their population. The process of sexual maturation for reproduction is gradual and takes place while general body growth is still going on. Some degree of sexual maturation does not necessarily mean that the mind or body is ready for sexual acts or for having and bringing up children. Various contraceptive devices are being used by human beings to control the size of the population.

1) What are common signs of sexual maturation in boys?

a) Broadening of shoulders

b) Development of mammary glands

c) Broadening of waist

d) High pitch of voice

2) Common sign of sexual maturation in girls is

a) Low pitch voice

b) Appearance of moustache and beard

c) Development of mammary glands

d) Broadening of shoulders

3) Which contraceptive method changes the hormonal balance of the body?

b) Diaphragms

c) Oral pills

d) Both a) and b)

4) What should be maintained for healthy society?

a) Rate of birth and death rate

b) Male and female sex ratio

c) Child sex ratio

d) None of these

10.Pea plants can have smooth seeds or wrinkled seeds. One of the phenotypes is completely dominant over the other. A farmer decides to pollinate one flower of a plant with smooth seeds using pollen from a plant with wrinkled seeds. The resulting pea pod has all smooth seeds.

i) Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?

(1) The allele for smooth seeds is dominated over that of wrinkled seeds.

(2) The plant with smooth seeds is heterozygous.

(3) The plant with wrinkled seeds is homozygous.

(b) 1 and 2 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

ii) Which of the following crosses will give smooth and wrinkled seeds in same proportion?

(a) RR X rr

(b) Rr X rr

(d) rr X rr

iii) Which of the following cross can be used to determine the genotype of a plant with dominant phenotype?

(a) RR X RR

(b) Rr X Rr

(c) Rr X RR

(d) RR X rr

iv) On crossing of two heterozygous smooth seeded plants (Rr), a total of 1000 plants were obtained in F1 generation. What will be the respective number of smooth and wrinkled seeds obtained in F1 generation?

(a) 750, 250

(b) 500, 500

(C) 800, 200

(d) 950, 50

11.Food chains are very important for the survival of most species.When only one element is removed from the food chain it can result in extinction of a species in some cases.The foundation of the food chain consists of primary producers.Primary producers or autotrophs,can use either solar energy or chemical energy to create complex organic compounds,whereas species at higher trophic levels cannot and so must consume producers or other life that itself consumes producers. Because the sun’s light is necessary for photosynthesis,most life could not exist if the sun disappeared.Even so,it has recently been discovered that there are some forms of life,chemotrophs,that appear to gain all their metabolic energy from chemosynthesis driven by hydrothermal vents,thus showing that some life may not require solar energy to thrive.

1.If 10,000 J solar energy falls on green plants in a terrestrial ecosystem,what percentage of solar energy will be converted into food energy?

(d)It will depend on the type of the terrestrial plant

2.Matter and energy are two fundamental inputs of an ecosystem. Movement of

(a)Energy is by directional and matter is repeatedly circulating

(b)Energy is repeatedly circulating and matter is unidirectional

(c)Energy is unidirectional and matter is repeatedly circulating

(d)Energy is multidirectional and matter is bidirectional

3.Raj is eating curd/yoghurt. For this food intake in a food chain he should be considered as occupying

(a)First trophic level

(b)Second trophic level

(c)Third trophic level

(d)Fourth trophic level

4.Which of the following, limits the number of trophic levels in a food chain

(a)Decrease in energy at higher trophic levels

(b)Less availability of food

(c)Polluted air

5.The decomposers are not included in the food chain. The correct reason for the same is because decomposers

(a) Act at every trophic level at the food chain

(b) Do not breakdown organic compounds

(c) Convert organic material to inorganic forms

(d) Release enzymes outside their body to convert organic material to inorganic forms

12.Shyam participated in a group discussion in his inter school competition on the practical application of light and was very happy to win an award for his school. That very evening his father gave treat to celebrate Shyam’s win. Shyam while sitting saw an image of a person sitting at his backside in his curved plate and could see that person’s mobile drop in the flower bed. Person was not aware until Shyam went and informed him. He thanked Shyam for his clever move.

a)From which side of his plate Shyam observed the incident –

i)outward curved

ii)inward curved

iii)plane surface

b)Part of plate from which Shyam observed the incident acted like a-

i)concave mirror

ii)convex mirror

iii)plane mirror

c)The nature of the size of the image formed in above situation is –

i)real, inverted and magnified

ii)same size , laterally inverted

iii)virtual, erect and diminished

iv)real , inverted and diminished

d)Magnification of the image formed by convex mirror is –

more than 1

iii)equal to 1

iv)less than 1

• The location of image formed by a convex lens when the object is placed at infinity is

(a) at focus

(c) at optical center

• When the object is placed at the focus of concave lens, the image formed is

(a)real and smaller

(b) virtual and smaller

(c) virtual and inverted

• The size of image formed by a convex lens when the object is placed at the focus ofconvex lens is

(a) highly magnified

(b) point in size

• When the object is placed at 2F in front of convex lens, the location of image is

(b) between F and optical center

(c) at infinity

(d) none of the above

14.One of the wires in domestic circuits supply, usually with a red insulation cover, is called live wire. with black insulation is called neutral wire. The earth wire, which has insulation of green colour, is usually connected to a metal plate deep in the earth near the house appliances that has a metallic body. Overloading contact, in such a situation the current in the circuit abruptly increases. circuit prevents damage to the appliances and the circuit due to overloading.

1 When do we say that an electrical appliance

2 Mention the function of earth wire in electrical line

3 How is an electric fuse connected in a domestic circuit?

4 When overloading and short circuiting are said to occur?

5 What is a live wire?

15.Light of all the colours travel at the same speed in vacuum for all wavelengths. But in any transparent medium(glass or water), the light of different colours travels at different speeds for different wavelengths, which means that the refractive index of a particular medium is different for different wavelengths. As there is a difference in their speeds, the light of different colours bend through different angles. The speed of violet colour is maximum and the speed of red colour is minimum in glass so, the red light deviates least and violet colour deviates most. Hence, higher the wavelength of a colour of light, smaller the refractive index and less is the bending of light.

(i)Which of the following statements is correct regarding the propagation of Light of different colours of white light in air?

(a) Red light moves fastest.

(b) Blue light moves faster than green light.

(c) All the colours of the white light move with the same speed.

(d) Yellow light moves with the mean speed as that of the red and the violet light.

(ii)Which of the following is the correct order of wavelength?

(a) Red> Green> Yellow

(b) Red> Violet> Green

(c) Yellow> Green> Violet

(d) Red> Yellow> Orange

(iii)Which of the following is the correct order of speed of light in glass?

(a) Red> Green> Blue

(b) Blue> Green> Red

(c) Violet> Red> Green

(d) Green> Red> Blue

(iv)Which colour has maximum frequency?

16.The region around a magnet where magnetism acts is represented by the magnetic field.The force of magnetism is due to moving charge or some magnetic material. Like stationary charges produce an electric field proportional to the magnitude of charge, moving charges produce magnetic fields proportional to the current. In other words, a current carrying conductor produces a magnetic field around it. The subatomic particles in the conductor, like the electrons moving in atomic orbitals, are responsible for the production of magnetic fields. The magnetic field lines around a straight conductor (straight wire) carrying current are concentric circles whose centres lie on the wire.

1)The magnetic field associated with a current carrying straight conductor is in anti- clockwise direction. If the conductor was held horizontally along east west direction,what is the direction of current through it?

2)Name and state the rule applied to determine the direction of magnetic field in a straight current carrying conductor.

3)Ramus performs an experiment to study the magnetic effect of current around a current carrying straight conductor with the help of a magnetic compass. He reports that

a)The degree of deflection of magnetic compass increases when the compass is moved away from the conductor.

b)The degree of deflection of the magnetic compass increases when the current through the conductor is increased.

Which of the above observations of the student appears to be wrong and why?

Case Study Questions Class 10 Science CBSE Chapter Wise PDF

Related resources to prepare for cbse 10th science board exam 2024.

• CBSE class 10 Science syllabus 2024
• NCERT Book for Class 10th Science 2023-2024 (PDF)
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science  
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• Previous Year Questions of CBSE Class 10 Science
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• CBSE Class 10 Physics Chapter Wise Important Questions and Answers
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• CBSE Class 10 Science Topper Answer Sheet
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• Class 10 CBSE Admit Card 2023-24
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• CBSE Class 10 Previous Year Question Papers for 2022-23
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• CBSE Class 10 Practice Papers: All Subjects
• CBSE Topper Answer Sheet Class 10: Model Answer Paper Download PDF
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Respiration

Last updated at April 16, 2024 by Teachoo

The food digested in our body is used up in two ways :

• As fuel for various activities
• For growth and repair of body cells and tissues

• When we say that food is digested and assimilated, it means that molecules are broken down into smaller parts. 
• These molecules have to be used and energy has to be released from them.
• Most living things need oxygen from the air to obtain energy from food . 
• This oxygen reacts with glucose present in the body cells and burns them slowly to release energy . This energy is stored as ATP molecules.

Respiration is the process of releasing energy from food.

What are ATP molecules?

• ATP is a substance called adenosine triphosphate which is present inside the cell and has a high energy content . 
• It is a tri-phosphate because it contains three phosphate groups in its molecule.
• Just as a battery provides electrical energy for different purposes such as lighting, heating, running etc., the energy stored in ATP is used by the body cells for various purposes like synthesis of proteins, contraction of muscles and other activities.

Role of Oxygen in Respiration :

Respiration involves taking in oxygen (of air) into the cells using it for releasing energy by burning glucose and then eliminating the waste products (carbon dioxide and water) from the body.

• However, some types of Respiration can take place either in the lack of oxygen (Fermentation) or in the complete absence of oxygen (Anaerobic respiration). 

Types of respiration:

The two types of respiration or aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.

1.  Aerobic respiration.

• The respiration which uses oxygen to break down food is called aerobic respiration .
• The glucose is completely broken down into carbon dioxide and water by oxidation .
• It produces energy in a considerable amount.
• It is stored in the form of ATP molecules.
• During aerobic respiration 1 molecule of glucose produces 38 energy-rich ATP molecules.
• Mitochondria is the site of aerobic respiration in the cell.

Eg. Human beings obtain energy by aerobic respiration.

2.   Anaerobic respiration:

• The respiration which t akes place without oxygen is called anaerobic respiration.
• In anaerobic respiration microorganisms like Yeast break down glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide and release energy. 
• The breakdown of sugars by yeast to make alcohol, in the absence of air , is called fermentation . 

• The energy produced is much less as compared to aerobic respiration. We can say that 1 molecule of glucose produces only 2 energy-rich ATP molecules in anaerobic respiration.

Human muscle cells also respire anaerobically when they do not receive sufficient oxygen . 

• During vigorous physical exercise , oxygen gets used up faster in the muscle cells than can be supplied by the blood. 
• Thus muscle cells (in humans as well as animals) obtain energy from anaerobic respiration.
• They break down glucose in the absence of oxygen to make lactic acid. 
• The accumulation of lactic acid causes muscle cramps.
• Muscle cramps can be relieved with a hot bath as it increases circulation. 
• I ncreased blood flow increases oxygen levels again after which muscle cells break down lactic acid to CO 2 and H 2 O.

• Glucose is a six carbon atom compound. 
• The oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid or pyruvate is called glycolysis . 
• One molecule of glucose in glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvic acid. 
• Pyruvic acid is a three carbon atom compound.

The fate of pyruvate formed during respiration depends on whether oxygen is present in the cells or not. 

• If oxygen is present in the cells then pyruvate is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water and a lot of energy is produced in the form of ATP.
• If however oxygen is not present in the cells, there is absence of oxygen, pyruvate is converted to either ‘ethanol and carbon dioxide’ or ‘lactic acid’ depending on whether such processes take place in the plant cell or an animal cell.

Maninder Singh

CA Maninder Singh is a Chartered Accountant for the past 14 years and a teacher from the past 18 years. He teaches Science, Economics, Accounting and English at Teachoo

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16.1: Case Study: Respiratory System and Gas Exchange

• Last updated
• Save as PDF
• Page ID 16816

• Suzanne Wakim & Mandeep Grewal
• Butte College

Case Study: Cough That Won't Quit

Three weeks ago, 20-year-old Sacheen came down with symptoms typical of the common cold. She had a runny nose, fatigue, and a mild cough. Her symptoms had been starting to improve, but recently her cough has been getting worse. She coughs up a lot of thick mucus, her throat is sore from frequent coughing, and her chest feels very congested. According to her wife, Sacheen has a “chest cold.” Sacheen is a smoker and wonders if her habit is making her cough worse. She decides that it is time to see a doctor.

Dr. Tsosie examines Sacheen and asks about her symptoms and health history. She checks the level of oxygen in Sacheen’s blood by attaching a device called a pulse oximeter to Sacheen’s finger (Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\)). Dr. Tsosie concludes that Sacheen has bronchitis, an infection that commonly occurs after a person has a cold or flu. Bronchitis is sometimes referred to as a “chest cold,” so Sacheen’s wife was right! Bronchitis causes inflammation and a build-up of mucus in the bronchial tubes in the chest.

Because viruses, and not bacteria, usually cause bronchitis, Dr. Tsosie tells Sacheen that antibiotics are not likely to help. Instead, she recommends that Sacheen try to thin and remove the mucus by drinking plenty of fluids and using a humidifier, or spending time in a steamy shower. She also recommends that Sacheen get plenty of rest.

Dr. Tsosie also tells Sacheen some things not to do—most importantly, not to smoke while she is sick and to try to quit smoking in the long term. She explains that smoking can make people more susceptible to bronchitis and can hinder recovery. She also advises Sacheen not to take over-the-counter cough suppressant medication.

As you read this chapter on the respiratory system, you will better understand what bronchitis is and why Dr. Tsosie made the treatment recommendations that she did. At the end of the chapter, you will learn more about acute bronchitis, which is the type that Sacheen has. This information may come in handy to you personally because the chances are high that you will get this common infection at some point in your life—there are millions of bronchitis cases every year!

Chapter Overview: Respiratory System

In this chapter, you will learn about the respiratory system, the system that exchanges gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the outside air. Specifically, you will learn about:

• The process of respiration, in which oxygen moves from the outside air into the body and carbon dioxide and other waste gases move from inside the body into the outside air.
• The organs of the respiratory system, including the lungs, bronchial tubes, and the rest of the respiratory tract.
• How the respiratory tract protects itself from pathogens and other potentially harmful substances in the air.
• How the rate of breathing is regulated to maintain homeostasis of blood gases and pH.
• How ventilation, or breathing, allows us to inhale air into the body and exhale air out of the body.
• The conscious and unconscious control of breathing.
• Nasal breathing compared to mouth breathing.
• What happens when a person is drowning.
• How gas exchange occurs between the air and blood in the alveoli of the lungs, and between the blood and cells throughout the body.
• Disorders of the respiratory system, including asthma, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer.
• The negative health effects of smoking.

As you read the chapter, think about the following questions:

• Where are the bronchial tubes, and what is their function?
• What is the function of mucus, and why can too much mucus be a bad thing?
• Why did Dr. Tsosie check Sacheen’s blood oxygen level?
• Why do you think Dr. Tsosie warned Sacheen not to take cough suppressant medications?
• How does acute bronchitis compare to chronic bronchitis, and how do they both relate to smoking?

Attributions

• Coughing by GabboT, CC BY-SA 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons
• Wrist oximeter by UusiAjaja, public domain via Wikimedia Commons
• Text adapted from Human Biology by CK-12 licensed CC BY-NC 3.0

CBSE NCERT Solutions

NCERT and CBSE Solutions for free

Case Study Chapter 6 Life Processes

Please refer to Chapter 6 Life Processes Case Study Questions with answers provided below. We have provided Case Study Questions for Class 10 Science for all chapters as per CBSE, NCERT and KVS examination guidelines. These case based questions are expected to come in your exams this year. Please practise these case study based Class 10 Science Questions and answers to get more marks in examinations.

Case Study Questions Chapter 6 Life Processes

Case/Passage – 1

There is a pair of bea n- shaped organs P in the human body towards the back, just above the waist. A waste product Q formed by the decomposition of unused proteins in the liver is brought into organ P through blood by an artery R. The numerous tiny filters S present in organ P clean the dirty blood by removing the waste product Q. The clean blood goes into circulation through a vein T. The waste substance Q, other waste salts, and excess water form a yellowish liquid U which goes from organ P into a bag-like structure V through two tubes W. This liquid is then thrown out of the body through a tube X.

Question: Name (i) artery R, and (ii) vein T.        

Renal artery

Question: What are tiny filters S known as?      

Question: What is (i) organ P, and (ii) waste substance Q?  

Question: Name (i) liquid U (ii) structure V (iii) tubes W, and (iv) tube X.

(i) Urine (ii) Bladder (iii) Ureters (iv) Urethra

Case/Passage – 2

All living cells require energy for various activities. This energy is available by the breakdown of simple carbohydrates either using oxygen or without using oxygen.

Question: Energy in the case of higher plants and animals is obtained by (a) Breathing (b) Tissue respiration (c) Organ respiration (d) Digestion of food   

Question: The graph below represents the blood lactic acid concentration of an athlete during a race of 400 m and shows a peak at point D. Lactic acid production has occurred in the athlete while running in the 400 m race. Respiration in athletics  The blood of an athlete was tested before, during and after a 400m race: Respiration in athletics The blood of an athlete was tested before, during and after a 400m race:

Lactic acid production has occurred in the athlete while running in the 400 m race. Which of the following processes explains this event? Which of the following processes explains this event? (a) Aerobic respiration (b) Anaerobic respiration (c) Fermentation (d) Breathing

Question: Study the graph below that represents the amount of energy supplied with respect to the time while an athlete is running at full speed. Choose the correct combination of plots and justification provided in the following table.

Question: Study the table below and select the row that has the incorrect information.                                                  Aerobic               Anaerobic (a) Location                              Cytoplasm       Mitochondria (b) End Porduct                       CO 2  and H 2 O     Ethanol and CO 2 (c) Amount of ATP                      High                  Low (d) Oxygen                                Needed            Not needed   

Question: The characteristic processes observed in anaerobic respiration are: (i) presence of oxygen (ii) release of carbon dioxide (iii) release of energy (iv) release of lactic acid (a) (i), (ii) only (b) (i), (ii), (iii) only (c) (ii), iii), iv) only (d) (iv) only

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• Biology Article

Respiration

Respiration Definition

“Respiration is defined as a metabolic process wherein, the living cells of an organism obtains energy (in the form of ATP) by taking in oxygen and liberating carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.”

(The above statement refers to the biochemical definition of respiration)

Table of Contents

Introduction Types

• Aerobic Respiration
• Anaerobic Respiration

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Citric acid cycle.

Respiration in Autotrophs

What is Respiration?

Respiration is a metabolic process that occurs in all organisms. It is a biochemical process that occurs within the cells of organisms. In this process, the energy (ATP-Adenosine triphosphate) is produced by the breakdown of glucose which is further used by cells to perform various functions. Every living species, from a single-celled organism to dominant multicellular organisms , performs respiration.

Let us have a detailed look at the different types of respiration in organisms.

Also Read: Aerobic Respiration

Types of Respiration

There are two types of respiration:

Aerobic respiration

It is a type of cellular respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen to produce energy. It is a continuous process that takes place within the cells of animals and plants. This process can be explained with the help of the chemical equation:

Glucose(C 6 H 12 O 6 ) + Oxygen(6O 2 ) → Carbon dioxide(6CO 2 ) + Water(6H 2 O)+  Energy (ATP)

Anaerobic respiration

It is a type of cellular respiration that takes place in the absence of oxygen to produce energy. The chemical equation for anaerobic respiration is

Glucose(C 6 H 12 O 6 ) → Alcohol 2(C 2 H 5 O H) + Carbon dioxide 2(CO 2 ) + Energy (ATP ) Also Read   Difference Between Aerobic Respiration and Anaerobic Respiration.

Phases of Respiration in Organisms

Respiration occurs in the cytosol and around the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells , respiration takes place in the mitochondria, which is also considered as the powerhouse of the cells.

This process is very much similar to internal combustion of the car engine, wherein organic compounds and oxygen go in, while water and carbon dioxide comes out. The energy that is liberated powers the automotive (or cell).

The three phases of Respiration are:

The molecules of glucose get converted into pyruvic acid which is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, leaving two carbon molecules, known as acetyl-CoA. During the process of glycolysis, two molecules of ATP and NADH are produced. Pyruvate enters the inner matrix of mitochondria and undergoes oxidation in the Kreb’s cycle.

Also Refer:  Glycolysis

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process in which ATP molecules are formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH 2 to O 2 by a series of electron carriers. This process takes place within the mitochondria of a cell.

Explore : Oxidative Phosphorylation

This is also known as the  tricarboxylic acid cycle or Kreb’s cycle. Two ATP molecules are produced in each phase of the citric acid cycle and it takes place within the mitochondrial matrix of a cell. The electrons generated in Kreb’s cycle move across the mitochondrial matrix.

Also Refer:   Photosynthesis.

To learn more in detail about respiration, different types of respiration in organisms and other related Biology topics with interactive video lessons, keep visiting   BYJU’S Biology

To know more, watch the video given below:

Frequently Asked Questions

What is atp.

ATP-Adenosine triphosphate is called the energy currency of the cell. ATP is an organic compound composed of the phosphate groups, adenine, and the sugar ribose and functions by providing energy for various biochemical processes within the cells.

Define the Krebs cycle.

The Krebs cycle is also known as Citric Acid Cycle or Tricarboxylic Cycle or TCA cycle. It is the second stage of cellular respiration that occurs in all aerobic organisms to release stored energy for further biological processes.

What is Fermentation?

Fermentation is a chain of chemical reactions or a metabolic process through which bacteria, yeast and other microorganisms obtain the energy required for the biological processes. It is an Anaerobic Pathway, which is used for producing alcoholic beverages, yogurt and other food products.

Why do we need energy?

Energy work as fuel for our body. All living species obtain energy from the food they eat and we require energy for different metabolic activities including growth and development, repair, etc.

What is Glycolysis?

Glycolysis is the primary stage of cellular respiration. It is a biochemical pathway, where glucose is oxidized to a simpler organic compound. The series of reactions of the Glycolytic pathway takes place in the cytosol of a cell.

What is Cellular Respiration?

Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions that take place in all living cells to release energy by converting biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate- ATP. Based on the oxygen demand, cellular respiration is divided into- Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration.

Define Aerobic and Aerobic respiration.

Aerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration, which takes place in the presence of oxygen. This type of respiration is common in all plants and higher animals, including humans, mammals, and birds. Anaerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration that takes place in the absence of oxygen and is common in all lower organisms such as bacteria and yeast.

Where does cellular respiration occur in plant cells?

In all green plants, cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria of the cell in the presence of oxygen.

What is the balanced chemical equation for Cellular Respiration?

C6H12O6 (Glucose) + 6O2 (Oxygen) → 6CO2 (Carbon dioxide) + 6H2O (Water) + ATP  (Energy)

Put your understanding of this concept to test by answering a few MCQs. Click ‘Start Quiz’ to begin!

Select the correct answer and click on the “Finish” button Check your score and answers at the end of the quiz

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes

Chapter 6 Life Processes Class 10 NCERT Solutions

Ncert solutions for class 10 science chapters:, how does amoeba engulf its food, which part of the roots is involved in exchange of respiratory gases, define photolysis., what are chemotrophs, what is the mode of nutrition in fungi, contact form.

Class 10, Science, Chapter-5, Lecture-3, Respiration (Notes)

RESPIRATION:

The biological process, which includes the mechanism of exchange of respiratory gases and the oxidation of digested food in cells to release energy, is termed as respiration.

The physical process, by which an organism obtains oxygen from the environment and releases carbon dioxide, is termed as breathing.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN:

TWO TYPES OF RESPIRATION:

AEROBIC RESPIRATION:

The respiration which takes place in the presence of oxygen is termed as aerobic respiration.

Mechanism:  The first step is the breakdown of glucose, a six-carbon molecule, into a three-carbon molecule called pyruvate. This process takes place in the cytoplasm without involvement of oxygen and 2 ATP molecules are produced.  During aerobic respiration Glycolysis is followed by the Krebs Cycle .  In Krebs Cycle, b reakdown of pyruvate using oxygen takes place in mitochondria. This process breaks up the three-carbon pyruvate molecule to give three molecules of CO 2 . The other product is water. 36 ATP molecules are released in the process.

Step I– Glycolysis: Glucose is converted to PYRUVATE in the CYTOPLASM in the absence of oxygen – ${{\rm{Glucose}}\,\buildrel {{\rm{in}}\,\,{\rm{cytoplasm}}} \over \longrightarrow {\rm{Pyruvate}}\, + 2\,{\rm{ATP}}}$

Step II– Krebs Cycle:  Pyruvate undergoes many changes through Krebs cycle and Electron Transport Chain (ETC) in the presence of O 2 and finally produces CO 2 , H 2 O and energy. ${{\rm{Pyruvate}} + {{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}\buildrel {{\rm{in}}\,\,{\rm{Mitochondria}}} \over \longrightarrow C{O_2} + {{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{O}} + {\rm{36ATP}}}$

Aerobic respiration provides 38 ATP of energy.

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION:

The respiration which takes place in the absence of oxygen is termed as anaerobic respiration.

The first step is the breakdown of glucose, a six-carbon molecule, into a three-carbon molecule called pyruvate. This process takes place in the cytoplasm without involvement of oxygen and 2 ATP molecules are produced.  During anaerobic respiration, pyruvate may be converted into ethanol and carbo dioxide in plants. In animals, pyruvate gets converted into three-carbon molecule called lactic acid.

Step I– Glycolysis:  Glucose is converted to PYRUVATE in the CYTOPLASM in the absence of oxygen –

Step II–  Pyruvate undergoes fermentation in the absence of O 2 and changes to

• LACTIC ACID in animal cells
• ETHYL ALCOHOL and CARBON DIOXIDE in plant cells

Anaerobic respiration provides 2 ATP of energy.

COMMON FEATURES OF RESPIRATORY ORGANS:

• A large surface area to get enough oxygen
• Thin permeable walls for easy diffusion of gases
• Richly supplied with blood capillaries for quick transport of gases.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN HUMAN BEINGS:

• External nostrils
• Nasal cavity (air is warmed, moistened and dirt particles are entrapped in the mucous)
• Internal nostrils
• Epiglottis (covers the glottis while swallowing food and thus prevents food from entering into the windpipe)
• Trachea (supported by rings of cartilage that prevents it from collapsing when air is not present in it)
• Diaphragm it separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity, and  it helps in breathing mechanism by its contraction and relaxation.

MECHANISM OF BREATHING IN HUMAN BEING:

• Inhalation- The diaphragm and muscles attached to ribs contract resulting into expansion of the thoracic cavity. Thus, air pressure decreases inside and air from outside rushes into lungs through nostrils, trachea and bronchi.
• Exchange of gases– Exchange of gases take place in the alveolar sac. Carbon dioxide from blood goes to alveoli of lungs.
• Oxygen from alveoli goes to blood.
• Exhalation– The diaphragm and rib muscles relax. The thoracic cavity comes to original size and the air is pushed out through bronchi, trachea and nostrils.

The rate of breathing increases from 15-18 times per minute to 20-25 times per minute during vigorous exercise.

Reason:  During vigorous exercise, body cells need more energy. So, more oxygen is required for oxidation of glucose.

RESIDUAL VOLUME:

The amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximum exhalation to prevent lungs from collapsing and facilitate maximum absorption of oxygen by blood is termed as Residual Volume.

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Autonomous Robots Add Sustainable Shine for Global Manufacturer

Posted in Sustainability ,  Robotic Cleaning Machines ,  Cleaning Challenges , 

As a world-class producer of cutting-edge equipment and technologies for the agriculture and construction sectors, CNH Industrial knows the role innovation plays in solving the world’s greatest challenges. So, when the company recognized a need to drive cleaning efficiency, they seized the opportunity to leverage next-generation autonomous commercial floor cleaning machines to deliver a unique advantage.

Finding a more efficient path to enhanced cleanliness

Despite 40 hours of weekly cleaning and intensive chemical use, the floors at the CNH Industrial Parts Distribution Center in Lebanon, Indiana were not consistently meeting CNH’s high standards of cleanliness. “We had an operator tied up on the machine all day and we weren’t getting the quality of clean we wanted,” says Facility Manager Neil Dellinger.

Eager to enhance cleanliness while cutting down on chemical usage and labor expenses, the local team set out on a mission: Find a way to reliably meet cleaning standards while redirecting valuable labor resources toward revenue-generating activities within the warehouse operation.

How robotics helped CNH with sustainability goals

Dellinger’s interest in exploring alternative floor care solutions led him to investigate Tennant’s fleet of autonomous robotic cleaning machines. A demo of the Tennant T16AMR proved the potential of robotic cleaning. “We were interested in learning more about floor care solutions that leverage robotics and this gave us the opportunity to figure out the best way to implement this technology moving forward,” says Dellinger.

Equipped with Tennant’s ec-H2O NanoClean® technology , Dellinger saw how the T16AMR could combine autonomous floor scrubbing with a detergent-free solution—helping to drive more effective cleaning, save money through labor efficiency, and support sustainability in cleaning by reducing chemical usage in daily floor care.

Setting the cleaning machine up for success

Impressed with its capabilities, Dellinger decided to make a place for the T16AMR on his team, purchasing a machine for use at the CNH Lebanon site.

Tennant partnered with Dellinger and the facilities team at CNH to ensure a successful implementation of the T16AMR, conducting rigorous pre-work and thoughtfully pre-planning routes before the machine was installed. Dellinger also coached his team on the importance of ensuring everything was in the correct place and aisles were kept clear—which significantly reduced machine assists to maximize the cleaning productivity gains.

The importance of human-robot collaboration in cleaning

Team members initially looked at the T16AMR as a gimmick, but the machine quickly won them over with its reliable autonomous cleaning—even earning the nickname “GhostRider.” Clocking 38-44 hours a week, today the robot keeps millions of square feet spotless without using a drop of harsh chemicals in the process.

With dozens of hours freed up from manual floor cleaning, the facilities team at the Lebanon site was able to redeploy its staff to add value through cleaning in the plant’s packaging area and productivity in the warehouse soared.

Astonished by the impact the robot has had on his operations, Neil encouraged other plants to follow suit on his investment.

Building on this success

Dellinger is proud that his investment in robotic floor cleaning has paid off. “We are very happy with the T16AMR,” he says. “Our floors are a lot cleaner, plus the machine doesn’t require any chemicals to clean the floor. This machine does align well with our sustainability values.”

With the success of this first robotic cleaning machine, CNH Industrial has already ordered additional T16AMR robotic commercial floor cleaning machines with ec-H2O NanoClean technology for other North American facilities. As the company pursues its goals of driving innovation and sustainability across its operations, CNH is looking at other opportunities to leverage autonomous systems, deploy battery-operated machines, and implement chemical-free cleaning.

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Ex-assistant principal charged with child neglect in case of boy who shot teacher

The Associated Press

Signs stand outside Richneck Elementary School in Newport News, Va., Jan. 25, 2023. Denise Lavoie/AP hide caption

Signs stand outside Richneck Elementary School in Newport News, Va., Jan. 25, 2023.

NEWPORT NEWS, Va. — A former assistant principal at a Virginia elementary school has been charged with felony child neglect more than a year after a 6-year-old boy brought a gun to class and shot his first-grade teacher .

A special grand jury in Newport News found that Ebony Parker showed a reckless disregard for the lives of Richneck Elementary School students on Jan. 6, 2023, according to indictments unsealed Tuesday.

Parker and other school officials already face a $40 million negligence lawsuit from the teacher who was shot, Abby Zwerner. She accuses Parker and others of ignoring multiple warnings the boy had a gun and was in a "violent mood" the day of the shooting.

Criminal charges against school officials following a school shootings are quite rare, experts say. Parker, 39, faces eight felony counts, each of which is punishable by up to five years in prison.

The Associated Press left a message seeking comment Tuesday with Parker's attorney, Curtis Rogers.

Shots - Health News

'say something' tip line in schools flags gun violence threats, study finds.

Court documents filed Tuesday reveal little about the criminal case against Parker, listing only the counts and a description of the felony charge. It alleges that Parker "did commit a willful act or omission in the care of such students, in a manner so gross, wanton and culpable as to show a reckless disregard for human life."

Newport News police have said the student who shot Zwerner retrieved his mother's handgun from atop a dresser at home and brought the weapon to school concealed in a backpack.

Zwerner's lawsuit describes a series of warnings that school employees gave administrators before the shooting. The lawsuit said those warnings began with Zwerner telling Parker that the boy "was in a violent mood," had threatened to beat up a kindergartener and stared down a security officer in the lunchroom.

The lawsuit alleges that Parker "had no response, refusing even to look up" when Zwerner expressed her concerns.

When concerns were raised that the child may have transferred the gun from his backpack to his pocket, Parker said his "pockets were too small to hold a handgun and did nothing," the lawsuit states.

Architecture

With gun control far from sight, schools redesign for student safety.

A guidance counselor also asked Parker for permission to search the boy, but Parker forbade him, "and stated that John Doe's mother would be arriving soon to pick him up," the lawsuit stated.

Zwerner was sitting at a reading table in front of the class when the boy fired the gun, police said. The bullet struck Zwerner's hand and then her chest, collapsing one of her lungs. She spent nearly two weeks in the hospital and has endured multiple surgeries as well as ongoing emotional trauma, according to her lawsuit.

Parker and the lawsuit's other defendants, which include a former superintendent and the Newport News school board, have tried to block Zwerner's lawsuit.

They've argued that Zwerner's injuries fall under Virginia's workers' compensation law. Their arguments have been unsuccessful so far in blocking the litigation. A trial date for Zwerner's lawsuit is slated for January.

Prosecutors had said a year ago that they were investigating whether the "actions or omissions" of any school employees could lead to criminal charges.

What schools can (and can't) do to prevent school shootings

Howard Gwynn, the commonwealth's attorney in Newport News, said in April 2023 that he had petitioned a special grand jury to probe if any "security failures" contributed to the shooting. Gwynn wrote that an investigation could also lead to recommendations "in the hopes that such a situation never occurs again."

It is not the first school shooting to spark a criminal investigation into school officials. For instance, a former school resource officer was acquitted of all charges last year after he was accused of hiding during the Parkland school massacre in 2018.

Chuck Vergon, a professor of educational law and policy at the University of Michigan-Flint, told The AP last year that it is rare for a teacher or school official to be charged in a school shooting because allegations of criminal negligence can be difficult to prove.

More often, he said, those impacted by school shootings seek to hold school officials liable in civil court.

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