destination development thesis

The future of tourism destination management: building productive coalitions of actor networks for complex destination development

Journal of Tourism Futures

ISSN : 2055-5911

Article publication date: 5 February 2020

Issue publication date: 18 December 2020

The purpose of this paper is to develop an enhanced understanding of the evolution of actor networks for destination development.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on observations and field notes of the authors regarding evolving organizational structures in the Dutch tourism industry and the conceptualization of this stepwise evolutionary process.

The authors observe and conceptualize recurring patterns in the ways in which coalitions emerge and develop (Figure 1) and which activities they pursue.

Originality/value

New insights are provided into the emergence and evolution of multi-actor networks that are driven by sustainable destination development. These insights are useful learnings for other destinations that pursue similar goals.

• Destination development
• Complex systems
• Destination marketing
• Actor networks
• Destination management
• Sustainable development

Hartman, S. , Wielenga, B. and Heslinga, J.H. (2020), "The future of tourism destination management: building productive coalitions of actor networks for complex destination development", Journal of Tourism Futures , Vol. 6 No. 3, pp. 213-218. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-11-2019-0123

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2020, Stefan Hartman, Ben Wielenga and Jasper Hessel Heslinga.

Published in Journal of Tourism Futures . Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode

Introduction

Managing the future development of tourism destinations is increasingly complex. Whereas many scholars have addressed these issues in the past ( Hall, 2000 ; Dredge et al. , 2011 ), times are changing. New, alternative organizational structures and models for destination management and governance are emerging, as is discussed in this trends paper based on a set of observation made in The Netherlands. Forces driving change include the overall growth of the tourism industry, competition is increasing, visitors become experienced and more demanding, the negative impacts of tourism are openly debated and solutions to manage emerging issues involve the actions and capacities of many (and new) stakeholders, across different (policy) domains and governance levels ( Peeters et al. , 2018 ; Hartman, 2016 ). Clearly, a focus exclusively on destination marketing is insufficient and destination marketing organizations and national tourism organization (NTOs) shift their focus en masse from marketing to management. By doing so, they explicitly or implicitly acknowledge that the context wherein tourism and destination development take place has changed or is in the process of changing. To achieve goals, they will sooner or later encounter an interdependence on other actors and a need to build or become part of productive actor networks. As such, new fitting organizational models and governance approaches are needed and are actively sought. This trend can be observed in tourism practice in The Netherlands, as discussed later in this paper, and is reshaping the future of tourism destination development and management. In literature, we expect future contributions that further theorize and conceptualize these developments, building on this trend paper. Exploring the trend of (the practice of and/or the ambition of) building productive coalitions is important, as it sheds light on how actors seek interaction, connectivity and alignment of their actions, and define key roles and responsibilities in the process. This paper outlines five observations that stress the trend of new governance approaches and emerging organizational models in tourism destination development and management in The Netherlands.

Trend observations

Observation 1 : The discourse on tourism development is transitioning from a goal-oriented focus on growth of jobs, income and tourist numbers to an orientation that focuses on tourism as a means for placemaking and well-being. In other words, to put value over volume ( McKinsey and Company and World Travel and Tourism Council, 2017 ). This widens the scope of discussions on tourism development as it requires embracing a multi-goal, multi-domain, multi-actor and multi-level approach ( Hartman, 2018a ). Whether actors are driven by emerging opportunities, by solving urgencies or by managing the complexities of a progressing tourism industry, the interrelations and interdependencies of actors and their actions become more and more apparent. As a result, actors are driven together as they depend on each other to reach individual as well as collective goals.

Observation 2 : Tourism destinations are conceptualized as cohesive “systems”. They are conceptualized as consisting of interrelated products, sectors and institutions and elements, agents and their actions are tied very closely to other elements, agents and their actions ( Ma and Hassink, 2013 ; Brouder and Eriksson, 2013 ; Hartman, 2018b ). For instance, islands or cities that are developed, managed, branded and promoted as a tourist destination and perceived as such by consuConceptualizing destinations by means of theories of complex systems helps to better understand how global drivers of change impact on tourism destinations, often in a largely autonomous way, and how this triggers in-system adaptive responses by a variety of actors. As actors and their actions are interrelated and affect each other, their (self-organized) collective behavior steers and shapes how tourism destinations develop and evolve over time. Collective actions are key to the outcomes of destination development processes.

Observation 3 : At the micro level of destinations, we observe the emergence of sophisticated actor networks ( Jørgensen, 2017 ) that operate as productive coalitions aiming to address the challenges they face as being part of the same system, i.e. tourism destination. In The Netherlands, we see actor networks emerging such as the Toerisme Alliantie Fryslân (tourism alliance Fryslân) in the province of Friesland, Drenthe Leisure Valley in the province of Drenthe, Toerisme Coöperatie Groningen (tourism cooperation Groningen) in the province of Groningen, Toeristische Uitvoeringsalliantie (tourism implementation alliance) in the province of Zeeland and Gastvrij Overijssel (hospitable Overijssel) in the province of Overijssel. Those networks consist of a combination of actors such as entrepreneurs, branch organizations, governments, nature associations, park management organizations, social movement organizations, educational institutions and research institutes. The involved actors seek collaboration to join forces and capacities for a range of topics such as, among other things, for creating tourism products and experience design, accelerate innovations, engage in lobby activities, stimulate collective learning, business innovation and placemaking. Practically, activities are organized by key players within those networks that stimulate actors to engage in what we can describe as visioning and strategic storytelling ( Hartman et al. , 2019 ). Moreover, it allows collectives to emphasize shared urgencies and opportunities and reinforce the importance of mobilizing capacities and building productive coalitions.

Observation 4 : Process-wise, the emergence of these actor networks, albeit conceptually, seem to follow more or less a same type of logic. They tend to go through various phases. Rooted in the tradition of marketing, promotion and branding activities (phase 1: marketing), collectives are formed to proactively engage in strategy development, tourism product and experience design (phase 2: management) to stimulate innovation, reinforce competitive positions, aiming to manage and influence visitor flows away from hotspots and toward underutilized sites. However, being still largely within the domain of tourism and often with a focus on economic growth and increasing volumes. The next stage, shown for instance by the network of Gastvrij Overijssel, revolves around destination development taking into account the wider socio-economic and cultural impacts of tourism development on host-communities. Here, the focus is on value creation by tourism and developing an understanding of how tourism can be a means for wider societal goals. A next stage that is yet to present itself is that tourism is not treated as a separate industry, sector or policy domain. In this future state, tourism is an integral part of strategic and inclusive spatial planning and placemaking, aimed at creating good places to live and good places to visit. Generally, shifting from one stage to another takes time (e.g. multiple years) and depends on a set of proactive individuals that are successful boundary spanners in terms of linking multiple (policy) domains, multiple types of actors and their interest (e.g. entrepreneurs versus governments versus nature organizations) across multiple governmental and spatial scales.

Observation 5 : Content-wise, these actor networks, albeit conceptually, seem to follow more or less a same type of logic. Actor networks become productive coalitions when actors are working together in a strategic, organized and complementary manner based on a (more or less) division of tasks, roles and responsibilities within the coalition. We observe the emergence of a recurring organizational structure, that might show contours of new models for destination management and governance – an expect to explore further in a full research paper. Figure 2 outlines the main recurring activities according to the observations of the authors ( CELTH, 2019 ). The overview is based on the product life cycle and is inspired by the organizational structure of the Toeristische Uitvoeringsalliantie Zeeland. Programming (Step 1) is necessary to get the other steps going. It consists of storytelling, visioning, strategic planning, implementation planning and ensuring (financial and organizational) continuity. Generally a task that is taken up by or informally assigned to governmental authorities. This enables authorities to directly streamline objective and approached to tourism in governments' overall policy objectives as well as more indirectly enable other actors to contribute and possible over time also influence these policy objectives. Data & Info (Step 2) emerges as a result of ambitions to make data-driven decisions, a task that fits well with knowledge institutions, public authorities that commission monitoring programs and private parties for implementations. Experiment & innovation (Step 3) concerns the importance to adjust and adapt to the changing market conditions and consumer demands. This role fits well with frontrunners from the industry and supported by governmental funds, entrepreneurial investment schemes, start-up incubators and economic boards. Implement & Upscale (Step 4) is the wider implementation of successful experiments and pilots by industry partners such as (policy) entrepreneurs in the tourism, leisure, hospitality, event sectors but also from the sector of cultural (e.g. museums) and nature (e.g. park management). Branding & Marketing (Step 5) is about establishing links between supply and demand, to motivate visitors to travel to the destination. This task is generally the responsibility of marketing organizations, tourist information organizations as well as individual businesses themselves. Evaluate & Learn (Step 6) is the process of checking whether actions have led to desired results. This step involves ex-post and ex ante evaluations that might be performed by governmental audit committees, independent research institutions, but also (research) journalist. These evaluations gather input to evaluate results, adapt goals and ambitions and reshape the processes to realize the goals and ambitions.

Conclusions and discussion

Based on our observations, we draw the conclusion that emerging actor networks fit very well within the current time frame, being dominated by debates amongst others on overtourism and value over volume. Regarding the future of tourism destination development, we estimate that establishing productive actor networks will gain importance and will emerge more and more on the political and policy agendas. Challenges for the future are multiple. In practice, an ambition to build actor networks may face endless barriers in terms of urgency, opportunity, capacity, motivation and leadership. As productive actor networks depend on individual actors and their actions, they cannot be “manufactured” and need to emerge and evolve, and subtly stimulated and supported. Learning from and linking with other initiatives in other destinations would be helpful, over time offering the possibility to give rise to an ecosystem that spans various destinations, at different spatial scales and governance levels. For academia, a future challenge would be to contribute to a better understanding of the key conditions for the emergence and development of productive actor networks, e.g. via case study research.

This paper is part of the research project Building Adaptive Tourism Areas , funded by the Taskforce for Applied Research (in Dutch: Nationaal Regieorgaan Praktijkgericht Onderzoek SIA), part of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO).

Steps in the evolution of actor-networks

Overview of activities within actor-networks

Brouder , P. and Eriksson , R.H. ( 2013 ), “ Tourism evolution: on the synergies of tourism studies and evolutionairy economic geography ”, Annals of Tourism Research , Vol. 43 , pp. 370 - 389 .

CELTH ( 2019 ), Bouwen Aan Bewuste Bestemmingen: perspectief CELTH op Bestemmingsontwikkeling , CELTH , Breda .

Dredge , D. , Jenkins , J. and Whitford , M. ( 2011 ), “ Tourism policy and planning: Historical development and contemporary challenges ”, in Dredge , D. and Jenkins , J. (Eds), Stories of Practice: Tourism Planning and Policy , Ashgate Publishing , Aldershot . pp. 13 - 34 .

Hall , C.M. ( 2000 ), “ Tourism planning ”, Policies Processes and Relationships , Prentice Hall , Harlow .

Hartman , S. ( 2016 ), “ Towards adaptive tourism areas? A complexity perspective to examine the conditions for adaptive capacity ”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism , Vol. 24 No. 2 , pp. 299 - 314 , doi: 10.1080/09669582.2015.1062017 .

Hartman , S. ( 2018a ), “ Resilient tourism destinations? Governance implications of bringing theories of resilience and adaptive capacity to tourism practice ”, in Innerhofer , E. , Fontanari , M. and Pechlaner , H. (Eds), Destination Resilience – Challenges and Opportunities for Destination Management and Governance , Routledge , Abingdon , pp. 66 - 75 .

Hartman , S. ( 2018b ), “ Towards adaptive tourism areas: using fitness landscapes for managing and futureproofing tourism area development ”, Journal of Tourism Futures , Vol. 4 No. 2 , pp. 152 - 162 , doi: 10.1108/JTF-03-2018-0009 .

Hartman , S. , Parra , C. and De Roo , G. ( 2019 ), “ Framing strategic storytelling in the context of transition management to stimulate tourism destination development ”, Tourism Management , Vol. 75 , pp. 90 - 98 , doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2019.04.014 .

Jørgensen , M.T. ( 2017 ), “ Reframing tourism distribution – activity theory and Actor-Network theory ”, Tourism Management , Vol. 62 , pp. 312 - 321 , doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2017.05.007.

McKinsey & Company and World Travel & Tourism Council ( 2017 ), Coping with success; managing overcrowding in tourism destinations .

Ma , M. and Hassink , R. ( 2013 ), “ An evolutionary perspective on tourism area development ”, Annals of Tourism Research , Vol. 41 , pp. 89 - 109 .

Peeters , P. , Gössling , S. , Klijs , J. , Milano , C. , Novelli , M. , Dijkmans , C. , Eijgelaar , E. , Hartman , S. , Heslinga , J. , Isaac , R. , Mitas , O. , Moretti , S. , Nawijn , J. , Papp , B. and Postma , A. ( 2018 ), “ Research for TRAN committee – overtourism: impact and possible policy responses ”, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, Transport and Tourism , European Parliament, Directorate General for Internal Policies , Brussels , doi: 10.2861/919195 .

Corresponding author

About the authors.

Stefan Hartman is based at the European Tourism Futures Institute (ETFI), NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands, and Cultural Geography, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Faculteit Ruimtelijke Wetenschappen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Ben Wielenga is based at the European Tourism Futures Institute (ETFI), NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.

Jasper Hessel Heslinga is based at the European Tourism Futures Institute (ETFI), NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.

Related articles

We’re listening — tell us what you think, something didn’t work….

Report bugs here

All feedback is valuable

Please share your general feedback

Join us on our journey

Platform update page.

Visit emeraldpublishing.com/platformupdate to discover the latest news and updates

Questions & More Information

Answers to the most commonly asked questions here

Master Tourism Destination Management

1-year professional master’s programme | english-taught, live webinars.

• Video presentations
• Chat with a student
• Apply to BUas

Future of tourism destinations

Do you want to explore how to shape the future of tourist destinations in a responsible, resilient and sustainable way? Then the Master Tourism Destination Management is for you!    

This programme will equip you as a young professional with the skills, knowledge and tools to tackle complex challenges and opportunities that tourism destinations face. You will learn different perspectives from various stakeholders, such as tourists, locals, businesses, governments and NGOs. You will also apply your learning in practice and conduct field research at four different destinations in the world, experiencing the diversity and cross-cultural dynamics of tourism first-hand. 

Why choose the Master in Tourism Destination Management at BUas?

• Three months of field research at three different destinations in the world
• Great opportunity to expand your international network 
• Internationally acknowledged by UNWTO and THE-ICE

What is TDM?

Follow us on Instagram

Research by tdm students, check out their theses →, roman tells his story.

Study at Buas

Seeking a master’s programme in tourism, leisure, or imagineering? Take this short quiz to discover the best match for you.

Take the quiz

Study overview

Study programme, course details, study load and coaching.

Tourism remains a dynamic and fast-growing sector, creating an interdisciplinary field of study and research. The tourism industry offers economic benefits, growth and opportunities for people and businesses in destination areas. At the same time, matching demand - of tourists in the areas of origin - and supply - at the tourism destinations - continues to be a challenge for many organisations.

The tourism industry and tourism destinations frequently experience rapid changes in markets and business models, often in response to social and economic processes occurring in the wider world. Effective management of this type of change and building resilient businesses and destinations requires knowledge and expertise, which is closely interwoven with the destination areas themselves. The Master in Tourism Destination Management has been designed to contribute to this, focusing on practice, perspectives and tourism management policies at destinations.

This programme offers you the opportunity to study at four different locations in the world so that you will obtain wide-ranging intercultural experience and develop in-depth knowledge of tourism destinations. Each destination finds itself in a different stage of development. You will carry out research at three different destinations. In previous years destinations were: Indonesia, Singapore, Australia, Malaysia, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, Sri Lanka, France and Malta.

The programme is structured into three phases. The first phase in Breda, with a clear emphasis on theory, is considered to be the preparation for the second and third phase. The second phase takes place at three different types of tourism destinations. It has a focus on the tourism practice under different circumstances and you will work in international student research teams. In the final phase, you will write your final thesis in which practice and theory should be brought together, striving towards new insights, theories or generalisations.

The programme covers 12 months and it comprises three phases:

During the first phase, you will gain theoretical knowledge and develop your professional skills. This enables you to effectively analyse the current situation and available potential for development strategies at various tourism destinations. Destination theories, models, developments and practical cases will be studied in group projects, as well as in individual assignments. Courses are given by lecturers, along with an interesting team of visiting lecturers from international organisations and universities. Some courses will take you for a company visit or assignment on the spot. The workload is 40 hours per week. 

The first phase covers the following subjects: 

• Destination Stakeholders and Policy (6 ECTS credits)   
• Contemporary Marketing, Context and Trends (6 ECTS credits) 
• Destination Development, Finance and Organisation (6 ECTS credits) 
• Context Related Research (4 ECTS credits) 
• Cross Cultural Studies (3 ECTS credits) 
• Research Process & Methods (3 ECTS credits) 
• Team Performance and Creative Leadership (2 ECTS credits)

In the second phase, you will carry out assignments at three different locations around the globe. These assignments are created by lecturers in cooperation with stakeholders involved in developments of tourist destinations in the region. The students will have to embed themselves into a foreign culture in order to get the desired contextual information. Each group is assigned a different stakeholder perspective and has to do research on the possible, probable, or preferable future of their area/district/region.  

We try to select a great variety in destinations that are familiar with developments and dynamics, have many contacts with businesses, government institutions and universities of applied sciences, where research can be done in English, and that offer cultural differences.  

The final decision on the mix of destinations will be determined after the start of the programme. In the past we have visited, amongst others, Australia, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Cambodia, Indonesia, Chambery, Malta, Singapore. 

By writing a final thesis during the last phase of the programme, you will apply your research skills and demonstrate a true understanding of tourism destination management from a professional and academic point of view. A final thesis is an individual assignment, carefully supervised by one of our lecturers. 

Subjects  Writing a final thesis is a major commitment in terms of time and energy. The subject, as a consequence, often personally motivates and interests the student and (new) ideas of students can be openly discussed with our staff. Already in phase I you will be asked to come up with a topic and start writing your research proposal. In principle the thesis subject should be a topic or an issue in an international tourism context. The final thesis should be written in English, unless another language is really more appropriate. Some examples of recent theses: 

• Strengthening bridges - How a Dutch tour operator can improve its collaboration with their Indonesian partners 
• Development and Implication of Smart City Practices in Rural Destinations. How can regenerative tourism possibly happen? 
• Experiences and motives behind tourists' choice of destinations with paranormal activity - a case study of Hoia Baciu Forest, Romania 
• More examples can be found here .

Cooperation with an external commissioner You can opt for writing your thesis in close cooperation with an external commissioner. This enables you to closely cooperate with an international tourism organisation, thus adding an extra and professional dimension to the research project. However, many students write an independent research thesis and travel to a tourism destination to study their subject in-depth. 

Research location Conducting research and writing a final thesis in this third phase can be done anywhere in the world. The final (oral) exam takes place in the Netherlands. The majority of the students graduates by the end of August, which makes this programme a fulltime, 12 months programme.

The Master Tourism Destination Management is a one-year, full-time programme. The total study load is 60 ECTS credits. To give you an idea: 1 ECTS credit equals approximately 28 hours of study a week.

We offer you a small-scale study environment. The number of students involved in this master's programme differs every year between 30 and 45 up to 50 students. Whenever possible the class will be split up for workshops, consultancy sessions and other group work. For questions on the content of the programme, lecturers can be easily reached. In addition, the master's coordinator is available to help with day-to-day issues. If you wish to discuss personal problems that may be affecting your life as a student, you can turn to the student counsellor.

Learn, grow and reach milestones

Lecturer Master Tourism Destination Management

Maximising the positives, minimising the negatives

Julie Teclová

Marketing Specialist for Prague City Tourism

You learn to use your talents better

Joost Bouwmeester

Product Manager at Silverjet Vacations

Students are eligible if they hold a bachelor’s degree (BA, BSc., BBA, B Com), for example in the fields of tourism, hotel management, international business, management, economics, law, e-commerce, urban development, geography, social sciences or finance.

Please check out the full  admission requirements .

Application

If you meet the admission requirements, you are invited to apply for this programme. Please check out the  application procedure .

Costs 

In the academic year 2024-2025 the statutory tuition fee for master's programmes is €2,530. In addition to the tuition fee, you will need to take into account additional costs for the purchase of study materials such as textbooks. Read more about study costs.

Virtual campus tour

Have a virtual look and discover the Horizon building where you’ll be studying and what more the campus has to offer.

Get inspired!

Read more about projects, research and insights in the field of Tourism.

Get to know more about this master's programme by attending a webinar. 

Your career

Graduates of the Master Tourism Destination Management  are entitled to the degree of Master of Arts and qualified for international policy and advisory positions, international management positions and research positions.

Like to know more? After your Master Tourism Destination Management.

• Admission requirements
• Application procedure
• Year schedule
• Study costs
• Educational vision
• National and international rankings

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

• We're Hiring!
• Help Center

Masters Thesis Proposal Sustainable Tourism to Emerging Destinations

Related Papers

Proceedings of the International Conference on Tourism (ICOT 2013). Trends, Impacts and Policies on Sustainable Tourism Development

Valentina Della Corte , Alessandra Iavazzi

The aim of the paper is to deeply understand the different strategic choices a destination management organization (DMO) can make with a managerial approach in order to ensure the development of the destination by systematizing local resources according to a long run vision. Once the “sustainable tourism” is identified, it is necessary to understand which are the main strategic initiatives a DMO can put in place taking into account the stakeholders directly or indirectly involved in tourism activities, according to a responsible tourism approach. In order to identify common procedures and successful policies, the paper uses a comparative case study analysis in order to describe several existent best practices with some possible generalizations. The findings of this research highlight strategic governance choices, as well as the role of public and private actors, in facilitating destinations sustainable development.

Diane Lee , Mary Hollick

Disclaimer The technical reports present data and its analysis, meta-studies and conceptual studies, and are considered to be of value to industry, government or other researchers. Unlike the Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre's (STCRC's) Monograph series, these reports have not been subjected to an external peer review process. As such, the scientific accuracy and merit of the research reported here is the responsibility of the authors, who should be contacted for clarification of any content. Author contact details are at the back of this report. The views and opinions of the authors expressed in the reports or by the authors if you contact them do not necessarily state or reflect those of the STCRC. While all reasonable efforts have been made to gather the most current and appropriate information, the STCRC does not give any warranty as to the correctness, completeness or suitability of the information, and disclaims all responsibility for and shall in no eve...

Information Technology and Tourism

Peter Wiltshier

Mazilu Mirela

Abstract: Destination, or the terminus of tourists' holiday, is a complex link between geography (with all the resources-human and natural-it offers you) and tourism (with all the activities they can undertake and services they can consume during the stay). The services forming the tourist product/products offered/given at a destination, and which must be differentiated from those offered by competitors, are the ones “forming” the brand.

Ana Lucia Magalhaes

Sustainability, as defined by the Brundtland Commission, which mentions the needs of present and future generations, is a concept that transcends concern with the environment, though this consideration remains important. Sustainability also relates to culture, way of living and economy. Applied to tourist destinations, sustainability offers guidance of great clarity. Tourism brings significant impacts, physical, economic and cultural, with important positive and negative aspects. A study of the subject reveals that the guidelines for sustainable tourism are exactly the guidelines for economic develop- ment and healthy living - non sustainable tourist destinations actually tend to decline and even perish. A qualitative research was conducted in a tourist destination in Brazil, typi- cal in several respects. Such destination has developed after the publication of the Brund- tland report - did not inherit certain prejudicial attitudes. The results show that the major players involved are not aware of all the challenges posed to a sustainable development, but this can be changed for the better with relative ease and highly positive consequences.

Destination, or the terminus of tourists' holidays, is a complex element linking geography (with all the resources–anthropic and natural–made available to tourists) and tourism (with all the activities that they can carry out and services that they can consume during their stay). The complexity of the destination is that it represents a product and more products at the same time. Services forming the tourist product/products offered in a destination, and that must be differentiated from those offered by competitors, are brand “formative”.

Academica Turistica

Ksenija Vodeb

sharmila sethu

This paper aims to develop a preliminary conceptual model for the tourism sector; using sustainable development principles and models. An account of the Malaysian sectoral industry in tourism using the Sustainable Model will be examined and by using these details to understand the strategic opportunity that would help draw an eco-tourism framework from a strategic perspective. In this research, it will be pertinent to examine the value of protecting the Malaysian eco-tourism and how sectoral influence can converge into a framework of sustainability. The use of a conceptual model will allow us to justify how eco-tourism could be a flourishing business advantage to the tourism businesses here in Malaysia. The paper will examine how the adoption of a strategic framework based on two dimensions; namely strategic opportunities and tourism development. To be examined to ensure eco-tourism could be made a competitive advantage to the tourism sector in Malaysia. During the course of investigation several issues need to be examined, for instance, is if there is enough taking place for us as a business entity to protect our fragile environment. Using the conceptual framework; are we able to sustain the environment from an economic perspective? It is the economic growth, commencing through the Industrial era that had given rise to the issues of sustainability.

Katarzyna Klimek

Competition between tourism destinations on national, regional and local levels continues to intensify due to the pressure of globalization (Friedman, 2006). Accordingly, Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) have to constantly reevaluate and re-engineer existing tourism offers to reposition themselves in a highly competitive tourism market. At the same time, tourism development pressures destination areas through increased resource consumption and, land fragmentation while policy measures to promote more sustainable tourism are progressing only slowly due to local resistance. Therefore, destinations are one of the most difficult entities to manage because of diverse, often conflicting interests of different stakeholder groups (Carmin et al., 2003). Consequently, finding the right balance between the economic development of tourism destinations, the conservation of their resources and the well-being of the local population has become a challenging task for many DMOs (Notarstefano, 2008). The aim of this paper is to present the results of exploratory research conducted in 2011 in seven European countries among 72 managers of Destination Management Organizations (DMOs). The research objective was to evaluate the DMOs’ efforts and their role in the set-up and implementation of sustainable tourism principles in the management of tourist destinations by means of a quantitative and qualitative analysis. Keywords: Destination marketing & strategy planning, destination management organization (DMO), sustainable tourism development, long-term competitiveness, new demand of XXI century.

Managing Sustainability in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry

Parul Munjal

RELATED PAPERS

Tomasz Oszako

Reiner Pospischil

Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan

Hasan Hasan

Tania Verge Mestre

Angel jaen Estrada Arellano

Journal of Molecular Structure

C. Hiremath

Experimental cell research

Alessandro Celi

Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan (JIKA)

Signal Processing

Wim Dehaene

Rosita Sipayung

Information Processing & Management

Nirmalya Ganguli

Sahin Aktas

Slovenian Medical Journal

Southern Hemisphere Paleo- and Neoclimates

Maria Eugenia Castaneda

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Mette Hedemann

Josep M . Trigo-Rodríguez

American Journal of Educational Research

Carla Lynn Tanguay

Patricia Osores

werfgcv nbfnf

João Luís Carrilho da Graça

Victor Beiramar Diniz

Rukiye Boran

RELATED TOPICS

•   We're Hiring!
•   Help Center
• Find new research papers in:
• Health Sciences
• Earth Sciences
• Cognitive Science
• Mathematics
• Computer Science
• Academia ©2024

• Bibliography
• More Referencing guides Blog Automated transliteration Relevant bibliographies by topics
• Automated transliteration
• Relevant bibliographies by topics
• Referencing guides

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tourism and Economic Development'

Create a spot-on reference in apa, mla, chicago, harvard, and other styles.

Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Tourism and Economic Development.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

Ngenzi, Kome Yves. "Perceived barriers to tourism development in Rwanda as a tourist destination." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2121.

Sharpley, Richard A. J. "'Sustainable tourism development' : a theoretical and empirical analysis." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268010.

O'Malley, Jeffrey Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Thai tourism development policy and socio-economic change." Ottawa, 1987.

Chan, Fung-lin. "Tourism in Shenzhen : an evaluation of its dynamic development and its socio-economic significance /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25017743.

Joseph, Brian A. "Tourism and economic development in the Caribbean comparative advantage deferred /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1313917941&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

Feng, Xianghong. "Economic and socio-cultural impacts of tourism development in Fenghuang County, China." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2008/x_feng_062608.pdf.

Dunn, Alison Mary. "Museum visitors, tourism and local economic development in greater Glasgow." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249870.

Jamhawi, Monther M. Al-Dahash. "Conservation and tourism : Jordan's post eighteenth century architectural heritage." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247796.

Stoyanova-Bozhkova, S. "Tourism development in transition economies : an evaluation of the development of tourism at a Black sea coastal destination during political and socio-economic transition." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2011. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/18828/.

Sharpe, Marie F. "Tourism in Peru the missing strategy for economic and social development." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FSharpe_Marie.pdf.

Connelly, Greg. "Tourism, economic development and governance : the case of Liverpool 1974-2000." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400392.

McVeigh, Colleen. "Tourism and development in highland Sardinia : an economic and socio-cultural impact study of tourism in Baunei." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56625.

Xu, Chen. "The impact of tourism foreign direct investment on economic development : an illustration by development of a tourism satellite account for Wales." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/110287/.

Van, Zyl Shireen Rosemary. "A critical assessment of responsible tourism practices: a case study of Stormsriver adventures." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4954.

Kohanek, Ann L. "A comparison of economic development projects that utilize arts and cultural tourism." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2006/2006kohaneka.pdf.

Rurangwa, Mugisha. "An analysis of tourism economic development in the Northern Province of Rwanda." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1578.

Biondi, Joann. "International tourism and socio-economic development in the Caribbean : are they compatible?" FIU Digital Commons, 1986. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1681.

Mathebula, Benjamin Magezi. "Contribution of tourism to economic development in the BaPhalaborwa area in Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1050.

Qongo, Siyabonga Christopher. "Assessing the contribution of rural tourism to local economic development as a strategy for poverty alleviation: a case study on the Ukhahlamba district –Senqu municipality in South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4477.

Mochechela, Maria Mologade. "The socio-economic impact of tourism on communities around the Pilanesberg National Park, North West Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/913.

Chan, Fung-lin, and 陳鳳蓮. "Tourism in Shenzhen: an evaluation of its dynamic development and its socio-economic significance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953372.

Gumede, Thembinkosi Keith. "Heritage Tourism as a strategy for the local economic development in the vicinity of the KwaBulawayo and the Ondini Cultural Centres." University of Zululand, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1628.

Ricardo, Gilberto. "Sustainable tourism development: A case study of Bazaruto Island in Inhambane, Mozambique." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

Ntonzima, Lulamile. "Tourism as a catalyst for local economic development in the Transkei Wild Coast." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1689.

Mlondleni, Mzuyanda. "Tourism potential as a tool for local economic development in Mnquma Local Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3095.

Adu-Ampong, Emmanuel Akwasi. "Governing tourism-led local economic development planning : an interactive tourism governance perspective on the Elmina 2015 Strategy in Ghana." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16815/.

Akpinar, Kasap Sibel. "The Impact Of Economic And Social Development In Safranbolu." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612990/index.pdf.

Silva, Jorge Antonio Santos. ""Turismo, crescimento e desenvolvimento: uma análise urbano-regional baseada em cluster"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27148/tde-02122005-231931/.

Lee, Sang Kwon. "Economic and environmental equity in the U.S. nonmetropolitan tourism and recreation dependent communities." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5012.

Li, Jia. "Impact of tourism development on the Wolong Nature Reserve, China : perceptions of tourists and local residents." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1006.

Fan, Wanting. "Social and economic impact of coastal tourism in Kalmar, Sweden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65759.

Northwood, Gillian Mary. "The role of wine tourism in economic development, a case study of Niagara Region." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0022/MQ52221.pdf.

Sowerby, C. Dorne. "Economic development of the Caribbean and the contribution of tourism from an EU perspective." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/793/.

Colli, Liesel Antoinette. "The performance management system of the Department of Economic Development and Tourism (Western Cape)." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1632.

Thermil, Alain R. "Perceptions of Haitians toward tourism development and resource management in rural Haiti." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1286767.

Mashale, Modise Christopher. "Evaluation of the public-private partnership in the Lekgalameetse Nature Reserve : Maruleng Municipality in the Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1832.

Pithers, Linda. "The use of South Africa's nature areas in the promotion of tourism and economic development." University of Western Cape, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7762.

Dube, Nomusa Zethu. "The contribution of tourism to growth and development in KwaZulu-Natal." Diss., University of Pretoria, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29848.

Rivera, Manuel Antonio. "The synergies between tourism expansion and development an analysis of economic growth, poverty and human development in Ecuador." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4702.

Fisher, David. "The socio-economic consequences of tourism in Levuka, Fiji." Lincoln University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1284.

Kulusjärvi, O. (Outi). "Towards a poststructural political economy of tourism:a critical sustainability perspective on destination development in the Finnish North." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2019110136224.

Auala, Sisco Lovisa Ndapanda. "Local residents' perceptions of community-based tourism : a survey of key stakeholders at Twyfelfontein Uibasen Conservancy in Namibia." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2122.

Uken, Ernst-August. "Employment opportunities in the South African hotel industry with special reference to tourism." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16346.

Justice, Robert A. "Historic Preservation Leading to Heritage Tourism as an Economic Development Strategy for Small Tennessee Towns." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2066.

Abuharris, A. T. "Tourism and sustainable economic development : marketing implications and strategic framework : the case study of Libya." Thesis, University of Salford, 2005. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26495/.

Zokoza, Makhaya. "The impact of the Blue Crane development agency on tourism development: a comparative analysis." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018602.

Eriksson, Björn. "Fins, gills and fishermen : The socio-economic impacts of marine conservation in southern Indonesia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296160.

Ge, Yujing. "Adoption of a Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) in a Municipal Area: a Case Study in Suzhou, China." Thesis, online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?MR34306.

Ma, Mulan [Verfasser]. "Tourism area development from an evolutionary economic geography perspective - The case of Guilin, China / Mulan Ma." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038694809/34.

Brink, Zonia. "A foundation to the development of an economic impact study of the tourism industry for GHACT." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52638.

Reimagining Design with Nature: ecological urbanism in Moscow

• Reflective Essay
• Published: 10 September 2019
• Volume 1 , pages 233–247, ( 2019 )

Cite this article

• Brian Mark Evans   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-1420-1682 1  

977 Accesses

2 Citations

Explore all metrics

The twenty-first century is the era when populations of cities will exceed rural communities for the first time in human history. The population growth of cities in many countries, including those in transition from planned to market economies, is putting considerable strain on ecological and natural resources. This paper examines four central issues: (a) the challenges and opportunities presented through working in jurisdictions where there are no official or established methods in place to guide regional, ecological and landscape planning and design; (b) the experience of the author’s practice—Gillespies LLP—in addressing these challenges using techniques and methods inspired by McHarg in Design with Nature in the Russian Federation in the first decade of the twenty-first century; (c) the augmentation of methods derived from Design with Nature in reference to innovations in technology since its publication and the contribution that the art of landscape painters can make to landscape analysis and interpretation; and (d) the application of this experience to the international competition and colloquium for the expansion of Moscow. The text concludes with a comment on how the application of this learning and methodological development to landscape and ecological planning and design was judged to be a central tenant of the winning design. Finally, a concluding section reflects on lessons learned and conclusions drawn.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price includes VAT (Russian Federation)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Rent this article via DeepDyve

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

The politics of designing with nature: reflections from New Orleans and Dhaka

Zachary Lamb

Acknowledgements

The landscape team from Gillespies Glasgow Studio (Steve Nelson, Graeme Pert, Joanne Walker, Rory Wilson and Chris Swan) led by the author and all our collaborators in the Capital Cities Planning Group.

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Mackintosh School of Architecture, The Glasgow School of Art, 167 Renfrew Street, Glasgow, G3 6BY, UK

Brian Mark Evans

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Brian Mark Evans .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Evans, B.M. Reimagining Design with Nature: ecological urbanism in Moscow. Socio Ecol Pract Res 1 , 233–247 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42532-019-00031-5

Download citation

Received : 17 March 2019

Accepted : 13 August 2019

Published : 10 September 2019

Issue Date : October 2019

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s42532-019-00031-5

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• Design With Nature
• Find a journal
• Publish with us
• Track your research