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Synopsis and plot overview of Shakespeare's Henry VIII

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TL;DR (may contain spoilers): Cardinal Wolsey is shifty; Henry divorces Katherine and marries Anne; Queen Elizabeth is the most extraordinary being ever to be born, praise her.

Henry VIII Summary

King Henry VIII listens to Cardinal Wolsey too much and gives him power, which the Cardinal uses to convict a duke of treason. Henry meets Anne Boleyn, divorces his wife Katharine, and marries Anne. Anne gives birth to Princess Elizabeth who the Archbishop prophesies will become great.

More detail: 2.5 minute read

A Prologue introduces the play as a story of real events. The Duke of Buckingham, along with some other nobles, discuss the meeting between King Henry and the French King. They discuss the peace agreement made between them and how it has already been broken. Buckingham expresses his concerns (and criticisms) about the amount of power held by Cardinal Wolsey, the Lord Chancellor of England. During this same discussion, Buckingham is unexpectedly arrested (kind of proving his point). He goes to jail for treason. 

At court, King Henry makes policy decisions about the woollen trade, along with his wife, Queen Katherine. Wolsey takes the credit for the King's decisions. Katherine questions his motives. While Henry agrees to this criticism, when the Queen also speaks on behalf of Buckingham, the King refuses to hear it and orders his trial. 

Wolsey holds a feast in his palace at Hampton, which many lords and nobles attend, including Lady Anne Boleyn. The feast continues as the King and his friends, disguised as ‘shepherds’, arrive. Wolsey recognises the King, who chooses Anne as his partner during a dance.  

Back in London, Buckingham is condemned by false witnesses. He powerfully addresses the crowds before being executed. At court, a rumour spreads that Wolsey’s power is growing, and he is behind a probable separation between the King and Queen Katharine. King Henry, Wolsey, and other religious leaders discuss the validity of his marriage to Katharine. They discuss the possibility of divorce. Anne Boleyn hears the rumours and feels sorry for the Queen. When word arrives that the King has given her a title, her companion persuades her to welcome the King’s favours.

My drops of tears I'll turn to sparks of fire. — Henry VIII, Act 2 Scene 4

During a trial set up for the divorce, Queen Katharine asks to be allowed advisers from Spain (her native country). When Wolsey refuses, she accuses him of being responsible for Henry's desire for divorce. She leaves the trial, ending it. Henry blames the French for first questioning the validity of his marriage to his dead brother’s widow. 

Katharine seeks solace with her ladies and music. Wolsey and Campeus, another religious leader, interrupt her and try to persuade her to submit to the King's wishes. She refuses but the divorce is finalised anyway. Soon, Henry’s secret marriage to Anne Boleyn is the talk of the court. King Henry finds Wolsey has been secretly writing to the Pope opposing the divorce. He confronts Wolsey. Some of the lords demand that Wolsey gives up his position of Lord Chancellor, as Thomas More has been chosen to succeed him. Wolsey steps down, advising his secretary Cromwell to leave. He hopes that Cromwell will not get wrapped up in his own fall. 

Queen Anne is crowned, and everyone remarks at the splendour of the ceremony at court. In retirement, Katharine hears of Wolsey's death. She dreams of her own death and asks her servants to see that she is buried with due recognition as a Queen. 

We all are men, in our own natures frail, and capable of our flesh; few are angels. — Henry VIII, Act 5 Scene 3

Court gossip rages about changes such as Queen Anne's new baby daughter. Court gossip also includes charges against Cranmer, the new Archbishop. After a struggle between Cranmer and his enemies (which involves condemning him to the Tower of London), the King defends Cranmer and names him the godfather of the baby Princess Elizabeth. As he baptises Elizabeth, Cranmer prophesies that she will become great and bring peace and plenty to England.

An Epilogue briefly requests the approval of the audience for the play that has told the history of their Queen’s birth.

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King Henry VIII Lesson

Learning objectives

In this lesson, students will explore the tumultuous and transformative reign of King Henry VIII, delving into his personal relationships, the political implications of his decisions, and the religious upheaval that led to the English Reformation. Through examining key events, figures, and the broader context of the Tudor era, learners will gain an understanding of how Henry's reign altered the course of English history. Students will have the opportunity to achieve this through choosing their own method of learning, including reading and research options, as well as the chance to engage in extension activities. This lesson includes a self-marking quiz for students to demonstrate their learning.

How would you like to learn?

Option 1: reading.

Step 1: Download a copy of the reading questions worksheet below:

Step 2: Answer the set questions by reading the follow article:

Option 2: Internet research

Download a copy of the research worksheet below and use the internet to complete the tables.

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Henry VIII.

Published by Lander Mertens Modified over 5 years ago

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Apr 01, 2019

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HENRY VIII. By: World History Student 9 TH Grade World History . Birth. Henry VIII was born June 28, 1491 He was the second son of Henry VII His mother was Elizabeth of York He was born in Greenwich, England. Early Years.

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HENRY VIII By: World History Student 9TH Grade World History

Birth • Henry VIII was born June 28, 1491 • He was the second son of Henry VII • His mother was Elizabeth of York • He was born in Greenwich, England.

Early Years • As a young lad Henry VIII excelled in athletics and in school studies. • When in his youth he also was a very accomplished in arts such as music and writing. • He was very fond of tennis and hunting. • He was very athletic as a child which did not care over as an adult

Becoming King • Henry VIII became king on April 22, 1509 • He became King when his father King Henry VII died • He was only 18 years old when he became King of his Fathers kingdom. • He was in complete control of all of England.

Becoming King • When he became King of England he brought many characteristics to the government which at that time they were missing • His youthfulness led to a very hard worker • His youthfulness also led to a good energy and vigor. • At the time of him becoming king England’s government was missing all the characteristics that he had.

Strengths • King Henry VIII had a lot of great strengths which led to a great leader. • One of Henrys VIII greatest strengths was his enthusiasm which made him well loved by the people that he reigned over. • Other great strength was his Intelligence. He was very smart and this led to him making smart decisions which made him be a great leader.

Weaknesses • King Henry VIII was a great leader, but like all people he had his weaknesses • One of King Henrys weaknesses was his body. He had very many health problems ranging from a rare blood type to weighing almost 400 pounds at his death. • Being unhealthy as a king meant he couldn’t go out in public as easily • Another weakness of Henry VIII was that he did not shy away from war. Which sometimes led to loosing many men and resources in these wars

Wars • King Henry VIII fought many wars in his reign of king • He was very fond of war which sometimes led it to be one of his weaknesses. • He had many battles with Scotland • Many battles with Scotland happened because England and Scotland border each other.

Notable Wars 1513, Battle of Spurs 1525, French defeat at Pavia 1527, Sack of Rome 1547, Pinkie Cleugh

King Henry Wives • Throughout his reign King Henry had 6 wives and only 3 children. • King Henry had many wives because he wanted a son to rule after he had died

Wives of King Henry VIII • 1st wife- Katherine of Aragon, divorced • 2nd wife- Anne Boleyn, beheaded • 3rd wife- Jane Seymour, natural death • 4th wife- Anne of Cleves, divorced • 5th wife- Catherine Howard, beheaded • 6th wife- Kateryn Parr, survived

Death • King Henry died on January 28, 1547 • He was only 56 at the time of his death • Know one truly knows how he died • The most believed cause of death was syphilis

What I would have done • Instead of fighting more wars I would have tried to resolve the problems less violently • I would have not of had 6 wives to try to get a kid, I would of just adopted a boy child. • I would of tried to be a healthier king so I have a better chance of living longer • I would of tried to unify Scotland and England

What Political leaders now can learn from Henry VIII • King Henry was a very good leader and did many things to strengthen his country • Something Political leaders can learn from Henry VIII is to have a vigor attitude • Also, they could learn not to be scared. • King Henry proved this when he wasn’t scared and established the Church of England.

Why I chose Henry VIII • I chose Henry VIII because I thought he was a great King. • I think he did a better job overall for his country. • He also introduced many acts that helped his country • He started the Church of England

Works Cited • www.royal.uk.org “Henry VIII(r.1509-1547)” History, 08-09, April 8, 2013 • Eakins, Lara “Henry VIII King of England” February 19, 2012 History April 8, 2013 • www.History.com. Henry VIII, 2012. April 8, 2013

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