history college essay

How to write an introduction for a history essay

Every essay needs to begin with an introductory paragraph. It needs to be the first paragraph the marker reads.

While your introduction paragraph might be the first of the paragraphs you write, this is not the only way to do it.

You can choose to write your introduction after you have written the rest of your essay.

This way, you will know what you have argued, and this might make writing the introduction easier.

Either approach is fine. If you do write your introduction first, ensure that you go back and refine it once you have completed your essay. 

What is an ‘introduction paragraph’?

An introductory paragraph is a single paragraph at the start of your essay that prepares your reader for the argument you are going to make in your body paragraphs .

It should provide all of the necessary historical information about your topic and clearly state your argument so that by the end of the paragraph, the marker knows how you are going to structure the rest of your essay.

In general, you should never use quotes from sources in your introduction.

Introduction paragraph structure

While your introduction paragraph does not have to be as long as your body paragraphs , it does have a specific purpose, which you must fulfil.

A well-written introduction paragraph has the following four-part structure (summarised by the acronym BHES).

B – Background sentences

H – Hypothesis

E – Elaboration sentences

S - Signpost sentence

Each of these elements are explained in further detail, with examples, below:

1. Background sentences

The first two or three sentences of your introduction should provide a general introduction to the historical topic which your essay is about. This is done so that when you state your hypothesis , your reader understands the specific point you are arguing about.

Background sentences explain the important historical period, dates, people, places, events and concepts that will be mentioned later in your essay. This information should be drawn from your background research . 

Example background sentences:

Middle Ages (Year 8 Level)

Castles were an important component of Medieval Britain from the time of the Norman conquest in 1066 until they were phased out in the 15 th and 16 th centuries. Initially introduced as wooden motte and bailey structures on geographical strongpoints, they were rapidly replaced by stone fortresses which incorporated sophisticated defensive designs to improve the defenders’ chances of surviving prolonged sieges.

WWI (Year 9 Level)

The First World War began in 1914 following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The subsequent declarations of war from most of Europe drew other countries into the conflict, including Australia. The Australian Imperial Force joined the war as part of Britain’s armed forces and were dispatched to locations in the Middle East and Western Europe.

Civil Rights (Year 10 Level)

The 1967 Referendum sought to amend the Australian Constitution in order to change the legal standing of the indigenous people in Australia. The fact that 90% of Australians voted in favour of the proposed amendments has been attributed to a series of significant events and people who were dedicated to the referendum’s success.

Ancient Rome (Year 11/12 Level)  

In the late second century BC, the Roman novus homo Gaius Marius became one of the most influential men in the Roman Republic. Marius gained this authority through his victory in the Jugurthine War, with his defeat of Jugurtha in 106 BC, and his triumph over the invading Germanic tribes in 101 BC, when he crushed the Teutones at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae (102 BC) and the Cimbri at the Battle of Vercellae (101 BC). Marius also gained great fame through his election to the consulship seven times.

2. Hypothesis

Once you have provided historical context for your essay in your background sentences, you need to state your hypothesis .

A hypothesis is a single sentence that clearly states the argument that your essay will be proving in your body paragraphs .

A good hypothesis contains both the argument and the reasons in support of your argument. 

Example hypotheses:

Medieval castles were designed with features that nullified the superior numbers of besieging armies but were ultimately made obsolete by the development of gunpowder artillery.

Australian soldiers’ opinion of the First World War changed from naïve enthusiasm to pessimistic realism as a result of the harsh realities of modern industrial warfare.

The success of the 1967 Referendum was a direct result of the efforts of First Nations leaders such as Charles Perkins, Faith Bandler and the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders.

Gaius Marius was the most one of the most significant personalities in the 1 st century BC due to his effect on the political, military and social structures of the Roman state.

3. Elaboration sentences

Once you have stated your argument in your hypothesis , you need to provide particular information about how you’re going to prove your argument.

Your elaboration sentences should be one or two sentences that provide specific details about how you’re going to cover the argument in your three body paragraphs.

You might also briefly summarise two or three of your main points.

Finally, explain any important key words, phrases or concepts that you’ve used in your hypothesis, you’ll need to do this in your elaboration sentences.

Example elaboration sentences:

By the height of the Middle Ages, feudal lords were investing significant sums of money by incorporating concentric walls and guard towers to maximise their defensive potential. These developments were so successful that many medieval armies avoided sieges in the late period.

Following Britain's official declaration of war on Germany, young Australian men voluntarily enlisted into the army, which was further encouraged by government propaganda about the moral justifications for the conflict. However, following the initial engagements on the Gallipoli peninsula, enthusiasm declined.

The political activity of key indigenous figures and the formation of activism organisations focused on indigenous resulted in a wider spread of messages to the general Australian public. The generation of powerful images and speeches has been frequently cited by modern historians as crucial to the referendum results.

While Marius is best known for his military reforms, it is the subsequent impacts of this reform on the way other Romans approached the attainment of magistracies and how public expectations of military leaders changed that had the longest impacts on the late republican period.

4. Signpost sentence

The final sentence of your introduction should prepare the reader for the topic of your first body paragraph. The main purpose of this sentence is to provide cohesion between your introductory paragraph and you first body paragraph .

Therefore, a signpost sentence indicates where you will begin proving the argument that you set out in your hypothesis and usually states the importance of the first point that you’re about to make. 

Example signpost sentences:

The early development of castles is best understood when examining their military purpose.

The naïve attitudes of those who volunteered in 1914 can be clearly seen in the personal letters and diaries that they themselves wrote.

The significance of these people is evident when examining the lack of political representation the indigenous people experience in the early half of the 20 th century.

The origin of Marius’ later achievements was his military reform in 107 BC, which occurred when he was first elected as consul.

Putting it all together

Once you have written all four parts of the BHES structure, you should have a completed introduction paragraph. In the examples above, we have shown each part separately. Below you will see the completed paragraphs so that you can appreciate what an introduction should look like.

Example introduction paragraphs: 

Castles were an important component of Medieval Britain from the time of the Norman conquest in 1066 until they were phased out in the 15th and 16th centuries. Initially introduced as wooden motte and bailey structures on geographical strongpoints, they were rapidly replaced by stone fortresses which incorporated sophisticated defensive designs to improve the defenders’ chances of surviving prolonged sieges. Medieval castles were designed with features that nullified the superior numbers of besieging armies, but were ultimately made obsolete by the development of gunpowder artillery. By the height of the Middle Ages, feudal lords were investing significant sums of money by incorporating concentric walls and guard towers to maximise their defensive potential. These developments were so successful that many medieval armies avoided sieges in the late period. The early development of castles is best understood when examining their military purpose.

The First World War began in 1914 following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The subsequent declarations of war from most of Europe drew other countries into the conflict, including Australia. The Australian Imperial Force joined the war as part of Britain’s armed forces and were dispatched to locations in the Middle East and Western Europe. Australian soldiers’ opinion of the First World War changed from naïve enthusiasm to pessimistic realism as a result of the harsh realities of modern industrial warfare. Following Britain's official declaration of war on Germany, young Australian men voluntarily enlisted into the army, which was further encouraged by government propaganda about the moral justifications for the conflict. However, following the initial engagements on the Gallipoli peninsula, enthusiasm declined. The naïve attitudes of those who volunteered in 1914 can be clearly seen in the personal letters and diaries that they themselves wrote.

The 1967 Referendum sought to amend the Australian Constitution in order to change the legal standing of the indigenous people in Australia. The fact that 90% of Australians voted in favour of the proposed amendments has been attributed to a series of significant events and people who were dedicated to the referendum’s success. The success of the 1967 Referendum was a direct result of the efforts of First Nations leaders such as Charles Perkins, Faith Bandler and the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders. The political activity of key indigenous figures and the formation of activism organisations focused on indigenous resulted in a wider spread of messages to the general Australian public. The generation of powerful images and speeches has been frequently cited by modern historians as crucial to the referendum results. The significance of these people is evident when examining the lack of political representation the indigenous people experience in the early half of the 20th century.

In the late second century BC, the Roman novus homo Gaius Marius became one of the most influential men in the Roman Republic. Marius gained this authority through his victory in the Jugurthine War, with his defeat of Jugurtha in 106 BC, and his triumph over the invading Germanic tribes in 101 BC, when he crushed the Teutones at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae (102 BC) and the Cimbri at the Battle of Vercellae (101 BC). Marius also gained great fame through his election to the consulship seven times. Gaius Marius was the most one of the most significant personalities in the 1st century BC due to his effect on the political, military and social structures of the Roman state. While Marius is best known for his military reforms, it is the subsequent impacts of this reform on the way other Romans approached the attainment of magistracies and how public expectations of military leaders changed that had the longest impacts on the late republican period. The origin of Marius’ later achievements was his military reform in 107 BC, which occurred when he was first elected as consul.

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How to Write a History Essay

Last Updated: December 27, 2022 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Emily Listmann, MA . Emily Listmann is a private tutor in San Carlos, California. She has worked as a Social Studies Teacher, Curriculum Coordinator, and an SAT Prep Teacher. She received her MA in Education from the Stanford Graduate School of Education in 2014. There are 8 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 242,899 times.

Writing a history essay requires you to include a lot of details and historical information within a given number of words or required pages. It's important to provide all the needed information, but also to present it in a cohesive, intelligent way. Know how to write a history essay that demonstrates your writing skills and your understanding of the material.

Preparing to Write Your Essay

• The key words will often need to be defined at the start of your essay, and will serve as its boundaries. [2] X Research source
• For example, if the question was "To what extent was the First World War a Total War?", the key terms are "First World War", and "Total War".
• Do this before you begin conducting your research to ensure that your reading is closely focussed to the question and you don't waste time.

• Explain: provide an explanation of why something happened or didn't happen.
• Interpret: analyse information within a larger framework to contextualise it.
• Evaluate: present and support a value-judgement.
• Argue: take a clear position on a debate and justify it. [3] X Research source

• Your thesis statement should clearly address the essay prompt and provide supporting arguments. These supporting arguments will become body paragraphs in your essay, where you’ll elaborate and provide concrete evidence. [4] X Trustworthy Source Purdue Online Writing Lab Trusted resource for writing and citation guidelines Go to source
• Your argument may change or become more nuanced as your write your essay, but having a clear thesis statement which you can refer back to is very helpful.
• For example, your summary could be something like "The First World War was a 'total war' because civilian populations were mobilized both in the battlefield and on the home front".

• Pick out some key quotes that make your argument precisely and persuasively. [5] X Research source
• When writing your plan, you should already be thinking about how your essay will flow, and how each point will connect together.

Doing Your Research

• Primary source material refers to any texts, films, pictures, or any other kind of evidence that was produced in the historical period, or by someone who participated in the events of the period, that you are writing about.
• Secondary material is the work by historians or other writers analysing events in the past. The body of historical work on a period or event is known as the historiography.
• It is not unusual to write a literature review or historiographical essay which does not directly draw on primary material.
• Typically a research essay would need significant primary material.

• Start with the core texts in your reading list or course bibliography. Your teacher will have carefully selected these so you should start there.
• Look in footnotes and bibliographies. When you are reading be sure to pay attention to the footnotes and bibliographies which can guide you to further sources a give you a clear picture of the important texts.
• Use the library. If you have access to a library at your school or college, be sure to make the most of it. Search online catalogues and speak to librarians.
• Access online journal databases. If you are in college it is likely that you will have access to academic journals online. These are an excellent and easy to navigate resources.
• Use online sources with discretion. Try using free scholarly databases, like Google Scholar, which offer quality academic sources, but avoid using the non-trustworthy websites that come up when you simply search your topic online.
• Avoid using crowd-sourced sites like Wikipedia as sources. However, you can look at the sources cited on a Wikipedia page and use them instead, if they seem credible.

• Who is the author? Is it written by an academic with a position at a University? Search for the author online.
• Who is the publisher? Is the book published by an established academic press? Look in the cover to check the publisher, if it is published by a University Press that is a good sign.
• If it's an article, where is published? If you are using an article check that it has been published in an academic journal. [8] X Research source
• If the article is online, what is the URL? Government sources with .gov addresses are good sources, as are .edu sites.

• Ask yourself why the author is making this argument. Evaluate the text by placing it into a broader intellectual context. Is it part of a certain tradition in historiography? Is it a response to a particular idea?
• Consider where there are weaknesses and limitations to the argument. Always keep a critical mindset and try to identify areas where you think the argument is overly stretched or the evidence doesn't match the author's claims. [9] X Research source

• Label all your notes with the page numbers and precise bibliographic information on the source.
• If you have a quote but can't remember where you found it, imagine trying to skip back through everything you have read to find that one line.
• If you use something and don't reference it fully you risk plagiarism. [10] X Research source

Writing the Introduction

• For example you could start by saying "In the First World War new technologies and the mass mobilization of populations meant that the war was not fought solely by standing armies".
• This first sentences introduces the topic of your essay in a broad way which you can start focus to in on more.

• This will lead to an outline of the structure of your essay and your argument.
• Here you will explain the particular approach you have taken to the essay.
• For example, if you are using case studies you should explain this and give a brief overview of which case studies you will be using and why.

Writing the Essay

• Try to include a sentence that concludes each paragraph and links it to the next paragraph.
• When you are organising your essay think of each paragraph as addressing one element of the essay question.
• Keeping a close focus like this will also help you avoid drifting away from the topic of the essay and will encourage you to write in precise and concise prose.
• Don't forget to write in the past tense when referring to something that has already happened.

• Don't drop a quote from a primary source into your prose without introducing it and discussing it, and try to avoid long quotations. Use only the quotes that best illustrate your point.
• If you are referring to a secondary source, you can usually summarise in your own words rather than quoting directly.
• Be sure to fully cite anything you refer to, including if you do not quote it directly.

• Think about the first and last sentence in every paragraph and how they connect to the previous and next paragraph.
• Try to avoid beginning paragraphs with simple phrases that make your essay appear more like a list. For example, limit your use of words like: "Additionally", "Moreover", "Furthermore".
• Give an indication of where your essay is going and how you are building on what you have already said. [15] X Research source

• Briefly outline the implications of your argument and it's significance in relation to the historiography, but avoid grand sweeping statements. [16] X Research source
• A conclusion also provides the opportunity to point to areas beyond the scope of your essay where the research could be developed in the future.

Proofreading and Evaluating Your Essay

• Try to cut down any overly long sentences or run-on sentences. Instead, try to write clear and accurate prose and avoid unnecessary words.
• Concentrate on developing a clear, simple and highly readable prose style first before you think about developing your writing further. [17] X Research source
• Reading your essay out load can help you get a clearer picture of awkward phrasing and overly long sentences. [18] X Research source

• When you read through your essay look at each paragraph and ask yourself, "what point this paragraph is making".
• You might have produced a nice piece of narrative writing, but if you are not directly answering the question it is not going to help your grade.

• A bibliography will typically have primary sources first, followed by secondary sources. [19] X Research source
• Double and triple check that you have included all the necessary references in the text. If you forgot to include a reference you risk being reported for plagiarism.

Sample Essay

Community Q&A

You Might Also Like

• ↑ http://www.historytoday.com/robert-pearce/how-write-good-history-essay
• ↑ https://www.hamilton.edu/academics/centers/writing/writing-resources/writing-a-good-history-paper
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/the_writing_process/thesis_statement_tips.html
• ↑ http://history.rutgers.edu/component/content/article?id=106:writing-historical-essays-a-guide-for-undergraduates
• ↑ https://guides.lib.uw.edu/c.php?g=344285&p=2580599
• ↑ http://www.hamilton.edu/documents/writing-center/WritingGoodHistoryPaper.pdf
• ↑ http://www.bowdoin.edu/writing-guides/
• ↑ https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/hppi/publications/Writing-History-Essays.pdf

About This Article

To write a history essay, read the essay question carefully and use source materials to research the topic, taking thorough notes as you go. Next, formulate a thesis statement that summarizes your key argument in 1-2 concise sentences and create a structured outline to help you stay on topic. Open with a strong introduction that introduces your thesis, present your argument, and back it up with sourced material. Then, end with a succinct conclusion that restates and summarizes your position! For more tips on creating a thesis statement, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Steps for Writing a History Paper

Writing a history paper is a process.  Successful papers are not completed in a single moment of genius or inspiration, but are developed over a series of steps.  When you first read a paper prompt, you might feel overwhelmed or intimidated.  If you think of writing as a process and break it down into smaller steps, you will find that paper-writing is manageable, less daunting, and even enjoyable.  Writing a history paper is your opportunity to do the real work of historians, to roll up your sleeves and dig deep into the past.

What is a History paper?

History papers are driven by arguments.  In a history class, even if you are not writing a paper based on outside research, you are still writing a paper that requires some form of argument.  For example, suppose your professor has asked you to write a paper discussing the differences between colonial New England and colonial Virginia.  It might seem like this paper is straightforward and does not require an argument, that it is simply a matter of finding the “right answer.”  However, even here you need to construct a paper guided by a larger argument.  You might argue that the main differences between colonial New England and Virginia were grounded in contrasting visions of colonization.  Or you might argue that the differences resulted from accidents of geography or from extant alliances between regional Indian groups.  Or you might make an argument that draws on all of these factors.  Regardless, when you make these types of assertions, you are making an argument that requires historical evidence.  Any history paper you write will be driven by an argument demanding evidence from sources.

History writing assignments can vary widely–and you should always follow your professor’s specific instructions–but the following steps are designed to help no matter what kind of history paper you are writing.  Remember that the staff of the History Writing Center is here to assist you at any stage of the writing process.

• Sometimes professors distribute prompts with several sub-questions surrounding the main question they want you to write about.  The sub-questions are designed to help you think about the topic.  They offer ideas you might consider, but they are not, usually, the key question or questions you need to answer in your paper.  Make sure you distinguish the key questions from the sub-questions.  Otherwise, your paper may sound like a laundry list of short-answer essays rather than a cohesive argument. A helpful way to hone in on the key question is to look for action verbs, such as “analyze” or “investigate” or “formulate.”  Find such words in the paper prompt and circle them.  Then, carefully consider what you are being asked to do.  Write out the key question at the top of your draft and return to it often, using it to guide you in the writing process.  Also, be sure that you are responding to every part of the prompt.  Prompts will often have several questions you need to address in your paper.  If you do not cover all aspects, then you are not responding fully to the assignment.  For more information, visit our section, “Understanding Paper Prompts.”
• Before you even start researching or drafting, take a few minutes to consider what you already know about the topic.  Make a list of ideas or draw a cluster diagram, using circles and arrows to connect ideas–whatever method works for you.  At this point in the process, it is helpful to write down all of your ideas without stopping to judge or analyze each one in depth.  You want to think big and bring in everything you know or suspect about the topic.  After you have finished, read over what you have created.  Look for patterns or trends or questions that keep coming up.  Based on what you have brainstormed, what do you still need to learn about the topic?  Do you have a tentative argument or response to the paper prompt?  Use this information to guide you as you start your research and develop a thesis.
• Depending on the paper prompt, you may be required to do outside research or you may be using only the readings you have done in class.  Either way, start by rereading the relevant materials from class.  Find the parts from the textbook, from the primary source readings, and from your notes that relate to the prompt. If you need to do outside research, the UCLA library system offers plenty of resources.  You can begin by plugging key words into the online library catalog.  This process will likely involve some trial and error.  You will want to use search terms that are specific enough to address your topic without being so narrow that you get no results.  If your keywords are too general, you may receive thousands of results and feel overwhelmed.  To help you narrow your search, go back to the key questions in the essay prompt that you wrote down in Step 1.  Think about which terms would help you respond to the prompt.  Also, look at the language your professor used in the prompt.  You might be able to use some of those same words as search terms. Notice that the library website has different databases you can search depending on what type of material you need (such as scholarly articles, newspapers, books) and what subject and time period you are researching (such as eighteenth-century England or ancient Rome).  Searching the database most relevant to your topic will yield the best results.  Visit the library’s History Research Guide for tips on the research process and on using library resources.  You can also schedule an appointment with a librarian to talk specifically about your research project.  Or, make an appointment with staff at the History Writing Center for research help.  Visit our section about using electronic resources as well.
• By this point, you know what the prompt is asking, you have brainstormed possible responses, and you have done some research.  Now you need to step back, look at the material you have, and develop your argument.  Based on the reading and research you have done, how might you answer the question(s) in the prompt?  What arguments do your sources allow you to make?  Draft a thesis statement in which you clearly and succinctly make an argument that addresses the prompt. If you find writing a thesis daunting, remember that whatever you draft now is not set in stone.  Your thesis will change.  As you do more research, reread your sources, and write your paper, you will learn more about the topic and your argument.  For now, produce a “working thesis,” meaning, a thesis that represents your thinking up to this point.  Remember it will almost certainly change as you move through the writing process.  For more information, visit our section about thesis statements.  Once you have a thesis, you may find that you need to do more research targeted to your specific argument.  Revisit some of the tips from Step 3.
• Now that you have a working thesis, look back over your sources and identify which ones are most critical to you–the ones you will be grappling with most directly in order to make your argument.  Then, annotate them.  Annotating sources means writing a paragraph that summarizes the main idea of the source as well as shows how you will use the source in your paper.  Think about what the source does for you.  Does it provide evidence in support of your argument?  Does it offer a counterpoint that you can then refute, based on your research?  Does it provide critical historical background that you need in order to make a point?  For more information about annotating sources, visit our section on annotated bibliographies. While it might seem like this step creates more work for you by having to do more writing, it in fact serves two critical purposes: it helps you refine your working thesis by distilling exactly what your sources are saying, and it helps smooth your writing process.  Having dissected your sources and articulated your ideas about them, you can more easily draw upon them when constructing your paper.  Even if you do not have to do outside research and are limited to working with the readings you have done in class, annotating sources is still very useful.  Write down exactly how a particular section in the textbook or in a primary source reader will contribute to your paper.
• An outline is helpful in giving you a sense of the overall structure of your paper and how best to organize your ideas.  You need to decide how to arrange your argument in a way that will make the most sense to your reader.  Perhaps you decide that your argument is most clear when presented chronologically, or perhaps you find that it works best with a thematic approach.  There is no one right way to organize a history paper; it depends entirely on the prompt, on your sources, and on what you think would be most clear to someone reading it. An effective outline includes the following components: the research question from the prompt (that you wrote down in Step 1), your working thesis, the main idea of each body paragraph, and the evidence (from both primary and secondary sources) you will use to support each body paragraph.  Be as detailed as you can when putting together your outline.

If you have trouble getting started or are feeling overwhelmed, try free writing.  Free writing is a low-stakes writing exercise to help you get past the blank page.  Set a timer for five or ten minutes and write down everything you know about your paper: your argument, your sources, counterarguments, everything.  Do not edit or judge what you are writing as you write; just keep writing until the timer goes off.  You may be surprised to find out how much you knew about your topic.  Of course, this writing will not be polished, so do not be tempted to leave it as it is.  Remember that this draft is your first one, and you will be revising it.

A particularly helpful exercise for global-level revision is to make a reverse outline, which will help you look at your paper as a whole and strengthen the way you have organized and substantiated your argument.  Print out your draft and number each of the paragraphs.  Then, on a separate piece of paper, write down each paragraph number and, next to it, summarize in a phrase or a sentence the main idea of that paragraph.  As you produce this list, notice if any paragraphs attempt to make more than one point: mark those for revision.  Once you have compiled the list, read it over carefully.  Study the order in which you have sequenced your ideas.  Notice if there are ideas that seem out of order or repetitive.  Look for any gaps in your logic.  Does the argument flow and make sense?

When revising at the local level, check that you are using strong topic sentences and transitions, that you have adequately integrated and analyzed quotations, and that your paper is free from grammar and spelling errors that might distract the reader or even impede your ability to communicate your point.  One helpful exercise for revising on the local level is to read your paper out loud.  Hearing your paper will help you catch grammatical errors and awkward sentences.

Here is a checklist of questions to ask yourself while revising on both the global and local levels:

– Does my thesis clearly state my argument and its significance?

– Does the main argument in each body paragraph support my thesis?

– Do I have enough evidence within each body paragraph to make my point?

– Have I properly introduced, analyzed, and cited every quotation I use?

– Do my topic sentences effectively introduce the main point of each paragraph?

– Do I have transitions between paragraphs?

– Is my paper free of grammar and spelling errors?

• Congratulate yourself. You have written a history paper!

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A guide to writing history essays

This guide has been prepared for students at all undergraduate university levels. Some points are specifically aimed at 100-level students, and may seem basic to those in upper levels. Similarly, some of the advice is aimed at upper-level students, and new arrivals should not be put off by it.

The key point is that learning to write good essays is a long process. We hope that students will refer to this guide frequently, whatever their level of study.

Why do history students write essays?

Essays are an essential educational tool in disciplines like history because they help you to develop your research skills, critical thinking, and writing abilities. The best essays are based on strong research, in-depth analysis, and are logically structured and well written.

An essay should answer a question with a clear, persuasive argument. In a history essay, this will inevitably involve a degree of narrative (storytelling), but this should be kept to the minimum necessary to support the argument – do your best to avoid the trap of substituting narrative for analytical argument. Instead, focus on the key elements of your argument, making sure they are well supported by evidence. As a historian, this evidence will come from your sources, whether primary and secondary.

The following guide is designed to help you research and write your essays, and you will almost certainly earn better grades if you can follow this advice. You should also look at the essay-marking criteria set out in your course guide, as this will give you a more specific idea of what the person marking your work is looking for.

Where to start

First, take time to understand the question. Underline the key words and consider very carefully what you need to do to provide a persuasive answer. For example, if the question asks you to compare and contrast two or more things, you need to do more than define these things – what are the similarities and differences between them? If a question asks you to 'assess' or 'explore', it is calling for you to weigh up an issue by considering the evidence put forward by scholars, then present your argument on the matter in hand.

A history essay must be based on research. If the topic is covered by lectures, you might begin with lecture and tutorial notes and readings. However, the lecturer does not want you simply to echo or reproduce the lecture content or point of view, nor use their lectures as sources in your footnotes. They want you to develop your own argument. To do this you will need to look closely at secondary sources, such as academic books and journal articles, to find out what other scholars have written about the topic. Often your lecturer will have suggested some key texts, and these are usually listed near the essay questions in your course guide. But you should not rely solely on these suggestions.

Tip : Start the research with more general works to get an overview of your topic, then move on to look at more specialised work.

Crafting a strong essay

Before you begin writing, make an essay plan. Identify the two-to-four key points you want to make. Organize your ideas into an argument which flows logically and coherently. Work out which examples you will use to make the strongest case. You may need to use an initial paragraph (or two) to bring in some context or to define key terms and events, or provide brief identifying detail about key people – but avoid simply telling the story.

An essay is really a series of paragraphs that advance an argument and build towards your conclusion. Each paragraph should focus on one central idea. Introduce this idea at the start of the paragraph with a 'topic sentence', then expand on it with evidence or examples from your research. Some paragraphs should finish with a concluding sentence that reiterates a main point or links your argument back to the essay question.

A good length for a paragraph is 150-200 words. When you want to move to a new idea or angle, start a new paragraph. While each paragraph deals with its own idea, paragraphs should flow logically, and work together as a greater whole. Try using linking phrases at the start of your paragraphs, such as 'An additional factor that explains', 'Further', or 'Similarly'.

We discourage using subheadings for a history essay (unless they are over 5000 words in length). Instead, throughout your essay use 'signposts'. This means clearly explaining what your essay will cover, how an example demonstrates your point, or reiterating what a particular section has added to your overall argument.

Remember that a history essay isn't necessarily about getting the 'right' answer – it's about putting forward a strong case that is well supported by evidence from academic sources. You don't have to cover everything – focus on your key points.

In your introduction or opening paragraph you could indicate that while there are a number of other explanations or factors that apply to your topic, you have chosen to focus on the selected ones (and say why). This demonstrates to your marker that while your argument will focus on selected elements, you do understand the bigger picture.

The classic sections of an essay

Introduction.

• Establishes what your argument will be, and outlines how the essay will develop it
• A good formula to follow is to lay out about 3 key reasons that support the answer you plan to give (these points will provide a road-map for your essay and will become the ideas behind each paragraph)
• If you are focusing on selected aspects of a topic or particular sources and case studies, you should state that in your introduction
• Define any key terms that are essential to your argument
• Keep your introduction relatively concise – aim for about 10% of the word count
• Consists of a series of paragraphs that systematically develop the argument outlined in your introduction
• Each paragraph should focus on one central idea, building towards your conclusion
• Paragraphs should flow logically. Tie them together with 'bridge' sentences – e.g. you might use a word or words from the end of the previous paragraph and build it into the opening sentence of the next, to form a bridge
• Also be sure to link each paragraph to the question/topic/argument in some way (e.g. use a key word from the question or your introductory points) so the reader does not lose the thread of your argument
• Ties up the main points of your discussion
• Should link back to the essay question, and clearly summarise your answer to that question
• May draw out or reflect on any greater themes or observations, but you should avoid introducing new material
• If you have suggested several explanations, evaluate which one is strongest

Using scholarly sources: books, journal articles, chapters from edited volumes

Try to read critically: do not take what you read as the only truth, and try to weigh up the arguments presented by scholars. Read several books, chapters, or articles, so that you understand the historical debates about your topic before deciding which viewpoint you support. The best sources for your history essays are those written by experts, and may include books, journal articles, and chapters in edited volumes. The marking criteria in your course guide may state a minimum number of academic sources you should consult when writing your essay. A good essay considers a range of evidence, so aim to use more than this minimum number of sources.

Tip : Pick one of the books or journal articles suggested in your course guide and look at the author's first few footnotes – these will direct you to other prominent sources on this topic.

Don't overlook journal articles as a source. They contain the most in-depth research on a particular topic. Often the first pages will summarise the prior research into this topic, so articles can be a good way to familiarise yourself with what else has 'been done'.

Edited volumes can also be a useful source. These are books on a particular theme, topic or question, with each chapter written by a different expert.

One way to assess the reliability of a source is to check the footnotes or endnotes. When the author makes a claim, is this supported by primary or secondary sources? If there are very few footnotes, then this may not be a credible scholarly source. Also check the date of publication, and prioritise more recent scholarship. Aim to use a variety of sources, but focus most of your attention on academic books and journal articles.

Paraphrasing and quotations

A good essay is about your ability to interpret and analyse sources, and to establish your own informed opinion with a persuasive argument that uses sources as supporting evidence. You should express most of your ideas and arguments in your own words. Cutting and pasting together the words of other scholars, or simply changing a few words in quotations taken from the work of others, will prevent you from getting a good grade, and may be regarded as academic dishonesty (see more below).

Direct quotations can be useful tools if they provide authority and colour. For maximum effect though, use direct quotations sparingly – where possible, paraphrase most material into your own words. Save direct quotations for phrases that are interesting, contentious, or especially well-phrased.

A good writing practice is to introduce and follow up every direct quotation you use with one or two sentences of your own words, clearly explaining the relevance of the quote, and putting it in context with the rest of your paragraph. Tell the reader who you are quoting, why this quote is here, and what it demonstrates. Avoid simply plonking a quotation into the middle of your own prose. This can be quite off-putting for a reader.

• Only include punctuation in your quote if it was in the original text. Otherwise, punctuation should come after the quotation marks. If you cut out words from a quotation, put in three dots (an ellipsis [ . . .]) to indicate where material has been cut
• If your quote is longer than 50 words, it should be indented and does not need quotation marks. This is called a block quote (use these sparingly: remember you have a limited word count and it is your analysis that is most significant)
• Quotations should not be italicised

Referencing, plagiarism and Turnitin

When writing essays or assignments, it is very important to acknowledge the sources you have used. You risk the charge of academic dishonesty (or plagiarism) if you copy or paraphrase words written by another person without providing a proper acknowledgment (a 'reference'). In your essay, whenever you refer to ideas from elsewhere, statistics, direct quotations, or information from primary source material, you must give details of where this information has come from in footnotes and a bibliography.

Your assignment may be checked through Turnitin, a type of plagiarism-detecting software which checks assignments for evidence of copied material. If you have used a wide variety of primary and secondary sources, you may receive a high Turnitin percentage score. This is nothing to be alarmed about if you have referenced those sources. Any matches with other written material that are not referenced may be interpreted as plagiarism – for which there are penalties. You can find full information about all of this in the History Programme's Quick Guide Referencing Guide contained in all course booklets.

Final suggestions

Remember that the easier it is to read your essay, the more likely you are to get full credit for your ideas and work. If the person marking your work has difficulty reading it, either because of poor writing or poor presentation, they will find it harder to grasp your points. Try reading your work aloud, or to a friend/flatmate. This should expose any issues with flow or structure, which you can then rectify.

Make sure that major and controversial points in your argument are clearly stated and well- supported by evidence and footnotes. Aspire to understand – rather than judge – the past. A historian's job is to think about people, patterns, and events in the context of the time, though you can also reflect on changing perceptions of these over time.

Things to remember

• Write history essays in the past tense
• Generally, avoid sub-headings in your essays
• Avoid using the word 'bias' or 'biased' too freely when discussing your research materials. Almost any text could be said to be 'biased'. Your task is to attempt to explain why an author might argue or interpret the past as they do, and what the potential limitations of their conclusions might be
• Use the passive voice judiciously. Active sentences are better!
• Be cautious about using websites as sources of information. The internet has its uses, particularly for primary sources, but the best sources are academic books and articles. You may use websites maintained by legitimate academic and government authorities, such as those with domain suffixes like .gov .govt .ac or .edu
• Keep an eye on word count – aim to be within 10% of the required length. If your essay is substantially over the limit, revisit your argument and overall structure, and see if you are trying to fit in too much information. If it falls considerably short, look into adding another paragraph or two
• Leave time for a final edit and spell-check, go through your footnotes and bibliography to check that your references are correctly formatted, and don't forget to back up your work as you go!

Other useful strategies and sources

• Student Learning Development , which offers peer support and one-on-one writing advice (located near the central library)
• Harvard College's guide to writing history essays (PDF)
• Harvard College's advice on essay structure
• Victoria University's comprehensive essay writing guide (PDF)

How to Write a History Essay with Outline, Tips, Examples and More

Before we get into how to write a history essay, let's first understand what makes one good. Different people might have different ideas, but there are some basic rules that can help you do well in your studies. In this guide, we won't get into any fancy theories. Instead, we'll give you straightforward tips to help you with historical writing. So, if you're ready to sharpen your writing skills, let our history essay writing service explore how to craft an exceptional paper.

What is a History Essay?

A history essay is an academic assignment where we explore and analyze historical events from the past. We dig into historical stories, figures, and ideas to understand their importance and how they've shaped our world today. History essay writing involves researching, thinking critically, and presenting arguments based on evidence.

Moreover, history papers foster the development of writing proficiency and the ability to communicate complex ideas effectively. They also encourage students to engage with primary and secondary sources, enhancing their research skills and deepening their understanding of historical methodology.

History Essay Outline

The outline is there to guide you in organizing your thoughts and arguments in your essay about history. With a clear outline, you can explore and explain historical events better. Here's how to make one:

Introduction

• Hook: Start with an attention-grabbing opening sentence or anecdote related to your topic.
• Background Information: Provide context on the historical period, event, or theme you'll be discussing.
• Thesis Statement: Present your main argument or viewpoint, outlining the scope and purpose of your history essay.

Body paragraph 1: Introduction to the Historical Context

• Provide background information on the historical context of your topic.
• Highlight key events, figures, or developments leading up to the main focus of your history essay.

Body paragraphs 2-4 (or more): Main Arguments and Supporting Evidence

• Each paragraph should focus on a specific argument or aspect of your thesis.
• Present evidence from primary and secondary sources to support each argument.
• Analyze the significance of the evidence and its relevance to your history paper thesis.

Counterarguments (optional)

• Address potential counterarguments or alternative perspectives on your topic.
• Refute opposing viewpoints with evidence and logical reasoning.
• Summary of Main Points: Recap the main arguments presented in the body paragraphs.
• Restate Thesis: Reinforce your thesis statement, emphasizing its significance in light of the evidence presented.
• Reflection: Reflect on the broader implications of your arguments for understanding history.
• Closing Thought: End your history paper with a thought-provoking statement that leaves a lasting impression on the reader.

References/bibliography

• List all sources used in your research, formatted according to the citation style required by your instructor (e.g., MLA, APA, Chicago).
• Include both primary and secondary sources, arranged alphabetically by the author's last name.

Notes (if applicable)

• Include footnotes or endnotes to provide additional explanations, citations, or commentary on specific points within your history essay.

History Essay Format

Adhering to a specific format is crucial for clarity, coherence, and academic integrity. Here are the key components of a typical history essay format:

Font and Size

• Use a legible font such as Times New Roman, Arial, or Calibri.
• The recommended font size is usually 12 points. However, check your instructor's guidelines, as they may specify a different size.
• Set 1-inch margins on all sides of the page.
• Double-space the entire essay, including the title, headings, body paragraphs, and references.
• Avoid extra spacing between paragraphs unless specified otherwise.
• Align text to the left margin; avoid justifying the text or using a centered alignment.

Title Page (if required):

• If your instructor requires a title page, include the essay title, your name, the course title, the instructor's name, and the date.
• Center-align this information vertically and horizontally on the page.
• Include a header on each page (excluding the title page if applicable) with your last name and the page number, flush right.
• Some instructors may require a shortened title in the header, usually in all capital letters.
• Center-align the essay title at the top of the first page (if a title page is not required).
• Use standard capitalization (capitalize the first letter of each major word).
• Avoid underlining, italicizing, or bolding the title unless necessary for emphasis.

Paragraph Indentation:

• Indent the first line of each paragraph by 0.5 inches or use the tab key.
• Do not insert extra spaces between paragraphs unless instructed otherwise.

Citations and References:

• Follow the citation style specified by your instructor (e.g., MLA, APA, Chicago).
• Include in-text citations whenever you use information or ideas from external sources.
• Provide a bibliography or list of references at the end of your history essay, formatted according to the citation style guidelines.
• Typically, history essays range from 1000 to 2500 words, but this can vary depending on the assignment.

How to Write a History Essay?

Historical writing can be an exciting journey through time, but it requires careful planning and organization. In this section, we'll break down the process into simple steps to help you craft a compelling and well-structured history paper.

Analyze the Question

Before diving headfirst into writing, take a moment to dissect the essay question. Read it carefully, and then read it again. You want to get to the core of what it's asking. Look out for keywords that indicate what aspects of the topic you need to focus on. If you're unsure about anything, don't hesitate to ask your instructor for clarification. Remember, understanding how to start a history essay is half the battle won!

Now, let's break this step down:

• Read the question carefully and identify keywords or phrases.
• Consider what the question is asking you to do – are you being asked to analyze, compare, contrast, or evaluate?
• Pay attention to any specific instructions or requirements provided in the question.
• Take note of the time period or historical events mentioned in the question – this will give you a clue about the scope of your history essay.

Develop a Strategy

With a clear understanding of the essay question, it's time to map out your approach. Here's how to develop your historical writing strategy:

• Brainstorm ideas : Take a moment to jot down any initial thoughts or ideas that come to mind in response to the history paper question. This can help you generate a list of potential arguments, themes, or points you want to explore in your history essay.
• Create an outline : Once you have a list of ideas, organize them into a logical structure. Start with a clear introduction that introduces your topic and presents your thesis statement – the main argument or point you'll be making in your history essay. Then, outline the key points or arguments you'll be discussing in each paragraph of the body, making sure they relate back to your thesis. Finally, plan a conclusion that summarizes your main points and reinforces your history paper thesis.
• Research : Before diving into writing, gather evidence to support your arguments. Use reputable sources such as books, academic journals, and primary documents to gather historical evidence and examples. Take notes as you research, making sure to record the source of each piece of information for proper citation later on.
• Consider counterarguments : Anticipate potential counterarguments to your history paper thesis and think about how you'll address them in your essay. Acknowledging opposing viewpoints and refuting them strengthens your argument and demonstrates critical thinking.
• Set realistic goals : Be realistic about the scope of your history essay and the time you have available to complete it. Break down your writing process into manageable tasks, such as researching, drafting, and revising, and set deadlines for each stage to stay on track.

Start Your Research

Now that you've grasped the history essay topic and outlined your approach, it's time to dive into research. Here's how to start:

• Ask questions : What do you need to know? What are the key points to explore further? Write down your inquiries to guide your research.
• Explore diverse sources : Look beyond textbooks. Check academic journals, reliable websites, and primary sources like documents or artifacts.
• Consider perspectives : Think about different viewpoints on your topic. How have historians analyzed it? Are there controversies or differing interpretations?
• Take organized notes : Summarize key points, jot down quotes, and record your thoughts and questions. Stay organized using spreadsheets or note-taking apps.
• Evaluate sources : Consider the credibility and bias of each source. Are they peer-reviewed? Do they represent a particular viewpoint?

Establish a Viewpoint

By establishing a clear viewpoint and supporting arguments, you'll lay the foundation for your compelling historical writing:

• Review your research : Reflect on the information gathered. What patterns or themes emerge? Which perspectives resonate with you?
• Formulate a thesis statement : Based on your research, develop a clear and concise thesis that states your argument or interpretation of the topic.
• Consider counterarguments : Anticipate objections to your history paper thesis. Are there alternative viewpoints or evidence that you need to address?
• Craft supporting arguments : Outline the main points that support your thesis. Use evidence from your research to strengthen your arguments.
• Stay flexible : Be open to adjusting your viewpoint as you continue writing and researching. New information may challenge or refine your initial ideas.

Structure Your Essay

Now that you've delved into the depths of researching historical events and established your viewpoint, it's time to craft the skeleton of your essay: its structure. Think of your history essay outline as constructing a sturdy bridge between your ideas and your reader's understanding. How will you lead them from point A to point Z? Will you follow a chronological path through history or perhaps dissect themes that span across time periods?

And don't forget about the importance of your introduction and conclusion—are they framing your narrative effectively, enticing your audience to read your paper, and leaving them with lingering thoughts long after they've turned the final page? So, as you lay the bricks of your history essay's architecture, ask yourself: How can I best lead my audience through the maze of time and thought, leaving them enlightened and enriched on the other side?

Create an Engaging Introduction

Creating an engaging introduction is crucial for capturing your reader's interest right from the start. But how do you do it? Think about what makes your topic fascinating. Is there a surprising fact or a compelling story you can share? Maybe you could ask a thought-provoking question that gets people thinking. Consider why your topic matters—what lessons can we learn from history?

Also, remember to explain what your history essay will be about and why it's worth reading. What will grab your reader's attention and make them want to learn more? How can you make your essay relevant and intriguing right from the beginning?

Develop Coherent Paragraphs

Once you've established your introduction, the next step is to develop coherent paragraphs that effectively communicate your ideas. Each paragraph should focus on one main point or argument, supported by evidence or examples from your research. Start by introducing the main idea in a topic sentence, then provide supporting details or evidence to reinforce your point.

Make sure to use transition words and phrases to guide your reader smoothly from one idea to the next, creating a logical flow throughout your history essay. Additionally, consider the organization of your paragraphs—is there a clear progression of ideas that builds upon each other? Are your paragraphs unified around a central theme or argument?

Conclude Effectively

Concluding your history essay effectively is just as important as starting it off strong. In your conclusion, you want to wrap up your main points while leaving a lasting impression on your reader. Begin by summarizing the key points you've made throughout your history essay, reminding your reader of the main arguments and insights you've presented.

Then, consider the broader significance of your topic—what implications does it have for our understanding of history or for the world today? You might also want to reflect on any unanswered questions or areas for further exploration. Finally, end with a thought-provoking statement or a call to action that encourages your reader to continue thinking about the topic long after they've finished reading.

Reference Your Sources

Referencing your sources is essential for maintaining the integrity of your history essay and giving credit to the scholars and researchers who have contributed to your understanding of the topic. Depending on the citation style required (such as MLA, APA, or Chicago), you'll need to format your references accordingly. Start by compiling a list of all the sources you've consulted, including books, articles, websites, and any other materials used in your research.

Then, as you write your history essay, make sure to properly cite each source whenever you use information or ideas that are not your own. This includes direct quotations, paraphrases, and summaries. Remember to include all necessary information for each source, such as author names, publication dates, and page numbers, as required by your chosen citation style.

Review and Ask for Advice

As you near the completion of your history essay writing, it's crucial to take a step back and review your work with a critical eye. Reflect on the clarity and coherence of your arguments—are they logically organized and effectively supported by evidence? Consider the strength of your introduction and conclusion—do they effectively capture the reader's attention and leave a lasting impression? Take the time to carefully proofread your history essay for any grammatical errors or typos that may detract from your overall message.

Furthermore, seeking advice from peers, mentors, or instructors can provide valuable insights and help identify areas for improvement. Consider sharing your essay with someone whose feedback you trust and respect, and be open to constructive criticism. Ask specific questions about areas you're unsure about or where you feel your history essay may be lacking.

History Essay Example

In this section, we offer an example of a history essay examining the impact of the Industrial Revolution on society. This essay demonstrates how historical analysis and critical thinking are applied in academic writing. By exploring this specific event, you can observe how historical evidence is used to build a cohesive argument and draw meaningful conclusions.

FAQs about History Essay Writing

How to write a history essay introduction, how to write a conclusion for a history essay, how to write a good history essay.

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Writing a Thesis and Making an Argument

Almost every assignment you complete for a history course will ask you to make an argument. Your instructors will often call this your "thesis"– your position on a subject.

What is an Argument?

An argument takes a stand on an issue. It seeks to persuade an audience of a point of view in much the same way that a lawyer argues a case in a court of law. It is NOT a description or a summary.

• This is an argument: "This paper argues that the movie JFK is inaccurate in its portrayal of President Kennedy."
• This is not an argument: "In this paper, I will describe the portrayal of President Kennedy that is shown in the movie JFK."

What is a Thesis?

A thesis statement is a sentence in which you state an argument about a topic and then describe, briefly, how you will prove your argument.

• This is an argument, but not yet a thesis: "The movie ‘JFK’ inaccurately portrays President Kennedy."
• This is a thesis: "The movie ‘JFK’ inaccurately portrays President Kennedy because of the way it ignores Kennedy’s youth, his relationship with his father, and the findings of the Warren Commission."

A thesis makes a specific statement to the reader about what you will be trying to argue. Your thesis can be a few sentences long, but should not be longer than a paragraph. Do not begin to state evidence or use examples in your thesis paragraph.

A Thesis Helps You and Your Reader

Your blueprint for writing:

• Helps you determine your focus and clarify your ideas.
• Provides a "hook" on which you can "hang" your topic sentences.
• Can (and should) be revised as you further refine your evidence and arguments. New evidence often requires you to change your thesis.
• Gives your paper a unified structure and point.

Your reader’s blueprint for reading:

• Serves as a "map" to follow through your paper.
• Keeps the reader focused on your argument.
• Signals to the reader your main points.
• Engages the reader in your argument.

Tips for Writing a Good Thesis

• Find a Focus: Choose a thesis that explores an aspect of your topic that is important to you, or that allows you to say something new about your topic. For example, if your paper topic asks you to analyze women’s domestic labor during the early nineteenth century, you might decide to focus on the products they made from scratch at home.
• Look for Pattern: After determining a general focus, go back and look more closely at your evidence. As you re-examine your evidence and identify patterns, you will develop your argument and some conclusions. For example, you might find that as industrialization increased, women made fewer textiles at home, but retained their butter and soap making tasks.

Strategies for Developing a Thesis Statement

Idea 1. If your paper assignment asks you to answer a specific question, turn the question into an assertion and give reasons for your opinion.

Assignment: How did domestic labor change between 1820 and 1860? Why were the changes in their work important for the growth of the United States?

Beginning thesis: Between 1820 and 1860 women's domestic labor changed as women stopped producing home-made fabric, although they continued to sew their families' clothes, as well as to produce butter and soap. With the cash women earned from the sale of their butter and soap they purchased ready-made cloth, which in turn, helped increase industrial production in the United States before the Civil War.

Idea 2. Write a sentence that summarizes the main idea of the essay you plan to write.

Main Idea: Women's labor in their homes during the first half of the nineteenth century contributed to the growth of the national economy.

Idea 3. Spend time "mulling over" your topic. Make a list of the ideas you want to include in the essay, then think about how to group them under several different headings. Often, you will see an organizational plan emerge from the sorting process.

Idea 4. Use a formula to develop a working thesis statement (which you will need to revise later). Here are a few examples:

• Although most readers of ______ have argued that ______, closer examination shows that ______.
• ______ uses ______ and ______ to prove that ______.
• Phenomenon X is a result of the combination of ______, ______, and ______.

These formulas share two characteristics all thesis statements should have: they state an argument and they reveal how you will make that argument. They are not specific enough, however, and require more work.

As you work on your essay, your ideas will change and so will your thesis. Here are examples of weak and strong thesis statements.

• Unspecific thesis: "Eleanor Roosevelt was a strong leader as First Lady."  This thesis lacks an argument. Why was Eleanor Roosevelt a strong leader?
• Specific thesis: "Eleanor Roosevelt recreated the role of the First Lady by her active political leadership in the Democratic Party, by lobbying for national legislation, and by fostering women’s leadership in the Democratic Party."  The second thesis has an argument: Eleanor Roosevelt "recreated" the position of First Lady, and a three-part structure with which to demonstrate just how she remade the job.
• Unspecific thesis: "At the end of the nineteenth century French women lawyers experienced difficulty when they attempted to enter the legal profession."  No historian could argue with this general statement and uninteresting thesis.
• Specific thesis: "At the end of the nineteenth century French women lawyers experienced misogynist attacks from male lawyers when they attempted to enter the legal profession because male lawyers wanted to keep women out of judgeships."  This thesis statement asserts that French male lawyers attacked French women lawyers because they feared women as judges, an intriguing and controversial point.

Making an Argument – Every Thesis Deserves Its Day in Court

You are the best (and only!) advocate for your thesis. Your thesis is defenseless without you to prove that its argument holds up under scrutiny. The jury (i.e., your reader) will expect you, as a good lawyer, to provide evidence to prove your thesis. To prove thesis statements on historical topics, what evidence can an able young lawyer use?

• Primary sources: letters, diaries, government documents, an organization’s meeting minutes, newspapers.
• Secondary sources: articles and books from your class that explain and interpret the historical event or person you are writing about, lecture notes, films or documentaries.

How can you use this evidence?

• Make sure the examples you select from your available evidence address your thesis.
• Use evidence that your reader will believe is credible. This means sifting and sorting your sources, looking for the clearest and fairest. Be sure to identify the biases and shortcomings of each piece of evidence for your reader.
• Use evidence to avoid generalizations. If you assert that all women have been oppressed, what evidence can you use to support this? Using evidence works to check over-general statements.
• Use evidence to address an opposing point of view. How do your sources give examples that refute another historian’s interpretation?

Remember -- if in doubt, talk to your instructor.

Thanks to the web page of the University of Wisconsin at Madison’s Writing Center for information used on this page. See writing.wisc.edu/handbook for further information.

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Navigating Historical Debates: History Argumentative Essay Topics

Dipping your toes into the vast ocean of history is an adventure. Each dive deep into its depths brings a new perspective, a fresh understanding, or a challenging contradiction. As a student of history, you don’t just learn about the past; you argue, debate, and discuss it. That’s where “history argumentative essay topics” come in, giving you the perfect platform to exhibit your persuasive skills while furthering your historical understanding.

Table of content

The Importance of Studying History

History isn’t just a record of ancient days; it’s a vibrant tapestry woven with countless threads, each representing a story, an era, a civilization, or an individual. Understanding history empowers us to make sense of our present, forecast future patterns, and appreciate humanity’s collective journey. Delving into argumentative essays adds depth to this exploration, honing your critical thinking, research understanding, and writing prowess.

The Art of Writing an Argumentative History Essay

In a history argumentative essay, your task goes beyond presenting facts. It would help to form an opinion, defend it with strong evidence, and persuade your reader to view history through your lens. Such essays often explore controversial issues, diverse interpretations, or underrepresented perspectives, making them thrilling.

Remember, an effective argumentative essay balances rigor with creativity. Your arguments should be based on solid research, but your writing style should maintain the reader’s interest. Short sentences, active voice, and transitional words will help ensure your essay is clear, concise, and captivating.

History Argumentative Essay Topics: Your Guide to an Engaging Argument

Picking the right history argumentative essay topics is crucial. Your topic should spark your curiosity, offer ample sources for research, and pose a challenge that motivates you to explore, argue, and persuade. The past is brimming with potential argumentative essay topics, from historical events and famous figures to social movements and cultural trends.

Here are a collection of history argumentative essay topics spanning different eras, regions, and themes to get you started. Use them as they are, or let them inspire you to develop your own.

• The Crusades: Religious Devotion or Political Expediency?
• Was the Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Justifiable?
• The Impact of Colonialism: Development or Exploitation?
• The Role of Women in World War II: Homefront or Battlefield?
• The American Civil War: Slavery or States’ Rights?
• The French Revolution: Fight for Liberty or Reign of Terror?
• The Renaissance: A Cultural Rebirth or a Period of Conflict?
• Martin Luther King Jr. vs. Malcolm X: Who Had a Greater Impact on the Civil Rights Movement?
• The Age of Exploration: Discovery or Destruction?
• The Industrial Revolution: Progress or Plight?
• The Fall of the Roman Empire: Invaders or Internal Decay?
• Was the Cold War Inevitable Post-World War II?
• Christopher Columbus: Hero or Villain?
• The Impact of the Protestant Reformation: Unity or Division?
• The Age of Imperialism: Prosperity or Oppression?
• The Vietnam War: A Necessary Stand or a Futile Endeavor?
• The American Revolution: Liberty or Economic Motives?
• The Russian Revolution: People’s Uprising or Bolshevik Coup?
• The Enlightenment: Philosophical Breakthrough or Social Disruption?
• The Emancipation Proclamation: Sincere or Strategic?
• The Role of Propaganda in Nazi Germany
• Was Alexander the Great Really Great?
• The Partition of India: Religious Freedom or Colonial Divide-and-Rule?
• Did the Suffragette Movement Achieve Its Goals?
• The Cuban Missile Crisis: Near-Apocalypse or Diplomatic Triumph?
• The Influence of the Printing Press: Information Revolution or Religious Turmoil?
• The Crusades: A Pathway to Enlightenment or a Dark Age Misstep?
• The Atomic Age: A New Era or a Dangerous Precedent?
• The Impact of the Ming Dynasty on China’s Global Presence
• The American Westward Expansion: Manifest Destiny or Brutal Displacement?
• The British Raj in India: Beneficial or Destructive?
• The War of 1812: Forgotten War or Critical Conflict?
• The Cultural Revolution in China: Necessary Purge or Disastrous Policy?
• Slavery: The True Cause of the American Civil War?
• The Role of Espionage in the Cold War
• The Contributions of Nikola Tesla: Overlooked or Overrated?
• The Great Depression: Natural Economic Cycle or Result of Poor Policy?
• Was the League of Nations Doomed to Fail?
• The Impact of Napoleon’s Reign on Europe
• The Salem Witch Trials: Mass Hysteria or Religious Extremism?
• The Influence of the Ottoman Empire on Modern Middle East
• Did the Treaty of Versailles Cause World War II?
• The Role of the Catholic Church in Medieval Europe
• Manifest Destiny: Expansionism or Cultural Imperialism?
• The Impact of Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire
• The Spanish Inquisition: Religious Persecution or Political Power Play?
• The Influence of the Harlem Renaissance on African American Culture
• The Ethics of Using Atomic Bombs in WWII
• The Role of Britain in the Creation of Israel
• The Egyptian Revolution of 2011: A Springboard for Democracy?
• The Effect of the Gold Rush on California’s Development
• The Role of Social Media in the Arab Spring
• The Implications of the Scramble for Africa
• The Battle of Stalingrad: Turning Point in World War II?
• The Meiji Restoration: Western Influence or Japanese Initiative?
• The Role of Women in the French Revolution
• The Impact of the Black Death on European Society
• The Effect of the Viking Raids on European History
• The Fall of the Berlin Wall: Inevitable or Surprising?
• The Contributions of the Ancient Greeks to Modern Society
• The Influence of the Catholic Church on the European Age of Discovery
• The Impact of Gunpowder on Medieval Warfare
• The Influence of the Spanish Civil War on WWII
• The Causes and Consequences of the Thirty Years’ War
• The Role of the Railroad in the Expansion of the United States
• The Significance of the Magna Carta in the Modern Legal System
• The Impact of the Silk Road on the Exchange of Cultures
• The Role of the Mafia in Prohibition
• The Effect of Charlemagne’s Reign on Europe
• The Implications of the Columbian Exchange
• The Influence of the Persian Empire on the Modern Middle East
• The Impact of Marco Polo’s Travels on Europe
• The Effect of the French Revolution on European Politics
• The Influence of the Great Schism on Christianity
• The Impact of the Space Race on the Cold War
• The Legacy of the Aztec Empire
• The Effect of the Transatlantic Slave Trade on Africa
• The Role of the Knights Templar in the Crusades
• The Influence of Gutenberg’s Printing Press on the Reformation
• The Impact of the Han Dynasty on China
• The Causes and Effects of the Boxer Rebellion
• The Significance of the Pax Romana
• The Influence of Confucianism on East Asian Cultures
• The Impact of the Opium Wars on China
• The Role of the French Foreign Legion in Colonial France
• The Effect of the Suez Crisis on the Middle East
• The Influence of the Renaissance on Modern Art
• The Impact of the Zulu Nation on South Africa
• The Causes and Consequences of the Irish Potato Famine
• The Role of the Samurai in Feudal Japan
• The Effect of the Hundred Years’ War on England and France
• The Influence of the Roman Republic on Modern Democracies
• The Impact of the US Constitution on the French Revolution
• The Role of the Huns in the Fall of the Roman Empire
• The Causes and Effects of the Haitian Revolution
• The Influence of the Enlightenment on the US Constitution
• The Impact of the Homestead Act on the American West
• The Effect of the Plague of Justinian on the Byzantine Empire
• The Role of the Medici Family in the Italian Renaissance

Remember, the goal is not just to recount history but to form an argument and defend it persuasively. Use reliable sources like scholarly articles, credible news outlets, and respected history websites for your research ( History.com , JSTOR , Fordham University’s Internet History Sourcebooks Project , etc.).

Conclusion: Your Historical Argument Awaits

Choosing from these argumentative history essay topics is just the beginning. You can turn your chosen topic into a compelling essay with thorough research, careful planning, and passionate writing. As you debate the past, you’re not just learning history but contributing to its discussion. Let these argumentative essay topics be your first step toward a thrilling historical discourse.

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512 History Essay Topics & Good Ideas

18 January 2024

last updated

History essay topics provide a wide range of subjects that cover different eras, cultures, and historical events. Some themes offer numerous opportunities for detailed exploration and robust discussions. These topics cover narratives from ancient civilizations, such as the Egyptians and Romans, to modern-day conflicts and revolutions. Moreover, students can engage with topics, like the fall of the Roman Empire or the intricate dynamics of the French Revolution. Another area of focus can be the Industrial Revolution and its monumental impact on societal structures. More recent events, such as the World Wars, the Cold War, and the decolonization movement, also offer rich materials. Topics on non-Western history, including the dynastic periods in China, the Mughal era in India, and pre-colonial African societies, provide alternative viewpoints. Examining history through the lenses of gender, race, and culture can lead to a reevaluation of conventional narratives. In essence, history essay topics act as windows to the past, bridging it to the present, shedding light on patterns, errors, victories, and transformations that deepen the comprehension of the collective human experience.

Best History Essay Topics

• The Impact of the Printing Press on Renaissance Europe
• Unraveling the Mystery of the Bermuda Triangle
• Life and Legacy of Alexander the Great: An Exploration
• Hidden Meanings: The Symbolism in Egyptian Hieroglyphics
• Salem Witch Trials: Fear and Paranoia in 17th Century America
• Exploration and Impact of the Lewis and Clark Expedition
• Mysteries Surrounding the Construction of the Pyramids
• Understanding the Japanese Feudal System: A Comprehensive Study
• Viking Culture: Examining Myths and Reality
• Indian Independence: Non-Violence and the Role of Mahatma Gandhi
• Decoding the Dead Sea Scrolls: A Historical Investigation
• Origins and Influence of the Magna Carta in Modern Democracies
• Social Impacts of the Industrial Revolution on Victorian Britain
• Effects of Marco Polo’s Travels on Europe’s Perception of Asia
• Sparta vs. Athens: Differing Approaches to Greek City-States
• Human Sacrifices in Aztec Culture: Rituals and Beliefs
• The Formation of the Silk Road: Trade and Cultural Exchange
• World War I: The Aftermath and the Road to World War II
• The Enigma of the Roanoke Colony: America’s Lost Settlement
• Transformative Power of the American Civil Rights Movement
• Napoleon Bonaparte: Military Genius or the Tyrant of Europe?
• The Significance of the Ottoman Empire in World History

Easy History Essay Topics

• Mysteries of the Mayan Civilization: An Archaeological Perspective
• Hidden Treasures: Unearthing the Secrets of the Terracotta Army
• The Bubonic Plague: How Did It Shape Medieval Europe?
• The Mystery and History of Stonehenge: A Druidical Design?
• The Partition of India and Pakistan: A Human Tragedy
• The Influence of Roman Law on Modern Legal Systems
• Confucianism’s Impact on Chinese Society and Governance
• Russian Revolution: Causes and Consequences
• Joan of Arc: Heroine, Saint, or Heretic?
• The Birth of Democracy in Ancient Greece: A Critical Analysis
• Zulu Kingdom: The Rise and Fall
• The Role of Religion in the Crusades
• Uncovering the Origins of the Renaissance: A Thorough Analysis
• Transatlantic Slave Trade: A Dark Chapter in Human History
• The Mongol Empire: Influence and Expansion Under Genghis Khan
• Analyzing the Social Effects of Prohibition in the 1920s America
• Age of Discovery: Columbus and the New World
• Understanding the Holocaust: The Systematic Annihilation of Jews
• The Evolution of Samurai Culture in Feudal Japan
• The Cultural Revolution in China: Causes and Impact

Interesting History Essay Topics

• The Birth of Jazz in African American Communities
• The Berlin Wall: Symbol of Division and Its Fall
• Women’s Suffrage Movement: Struggle and Triumph
• Influence of the Byzantine Empire on Early Christianity
• The Legacy of Cleopatra: Egypt’s Last Pharaoh
• Fall of Constantinople: The End of the Byzantine Empire
• The Cultural Impact of the Harlem Renaissance
• Napoleon’s Invasion of Russia: A Military Disaster
• The Influence of Ancient Greek Philosophy on Western Thought
• The Spanish Inquisition: Its Impact on Religious Freedom
• Colonialism in Africa: Long-Term Effects and Consequences
• Humanism in the Renaissance: Its Influence and Importance
• The French Resistance in World War II: An Undercover War
• The Apollo Moon Landing: A Leap for Mankind
• The Role of Propaganda in Nazi Germany
• Migration and Settlement of the Vikings: A Historical Overview
• Rise of Fascism: Italy under Mussolini
• The Opium Wars: The Clash between the British Empire and China
• The Code of Hammurabi: An Examination of Ancient Babylonian Law

History Essay Topics for High School

• Significance of the Magna Carta in British History
• The Cultural Revolution: China’s Sociopolitical Shifts
• Spanish Armada: Triumphs, Tragedies, and Implications
• The Black Death: Disease, Destruction, and Aftermath in Medieval Europe
• Harriet Tubman: Freedom, Courage, and the Underground Railroad
• Trail of Tears: Native American Displacement and Resilience
• The Scientific Revolution: Unraveling Truths and Transforming Perspectives
• African Kingdoms: Wealth, Power, and Innovation
• Democracy’s Birth: Athenian Politics and Philosophy
• Samurai and Shoguns: Feudal Japan’s Hierarchy
• Roman Gladiators: Heroes, Horrors, and Historical Impacts
• Napoleon Bonaparte: Conquests, Reforms, and Downfall
• Slavery’s Legacy: The United States’ Struggle for Civil Rights
• Apartheid’s Shadows: South Africa’s Road to Reconciliation
• Women’s Suffrage Movement: Progress and Paradoxes
• Cuban Missile Crisis: Brinkmanship, Resolution, and Legacy
• Martin Luther’s Theses: Catalysts for the Protestant Reformation
• Aztec Civilization: Achievements, Fall, and Spanish Conquest
• Holocaust’s Horror: Unveiling the Shoah’s Realities
• Mughal Empire’s Magnificence: Culture, Conquests, and Contributions
• The Crusades: Religion, Conflict, and Historical Perspectives

History Essay Topics for Middle School

• The Renaissance: Catalyst for the Modern World
• Vikings’ Voyage: Discoveries, Culture, and Scandinavian Influence
• The Great Depression: Causes, Consequences, and Recovery
• The French Revolution: Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity’s Fight
• Stalin’s Reign: Policies, Purges, and WWII.
• Revolutionary War’s Effect on the American Identity
• Byzantine Empire: Crossroads of Culture and Trade
• Decolonization of Africa: Struggles, Triumphs, and Aftermath
• Incas’ Ingenuity: Empire Building in the Andes
• World War I: Catalysts, Combat, and Consequences
• Cold War’s Effects on Global Politics
• Mayans’ Mysteries: Understanding the Mesoamerican Civilization
• The Atomic Age: Nuclear Power’s Promise and Peril
• Egyptian Pharaohs: Dynasties, Deities, and Discoveries
• Revolutionary France’s Impacts on the Modern State
• War of 1812: Interpretations and Implications
• Babylonian Empire: Hammurabi, His Code, and Ancient Justice
• Formation and Fall of the Soviet Union
• Ming Dynasty’s Contributions to Chinese Culture and Exploration
• Prohibition Era: The Roaring Twenties and American Society

History Essay Topics for College Students

• The Evolution of Democracy: Ancient Greece to Modern Times
• Colonialism and its Impact on Modern African Nations
• Revolutionary Implications of the Magna Carta
• Evolution of Roman Military Tactics
• Cultural Shifts: Harlem Renaissance and African American Identity
• Impacts of the Industrial Revolution on Victorian Society
• Decolonization and Its Effects on Southeast Asia
• Medieval Chivalry: Ideals and Reality
• Witch Trials: Superstition and Society in Early Modern Europe
• Napoleon Bonaparte’s Strategies and Their Effect on Europe
• Apartheid in South Africa: Causes and Consequences
• American Prohibition: Intentions and Unforeseen Repercussions
• Influences of Renaissance Art on European Culture
• Silk Road: Trade, Culture, and Consequences
• The Great Depression: Causes, Impacts, and Recovery
• Influences of the Ottoman Empire on the Modern Middle East
• Tracing Communism: Russian Revolution to Cold War
• Unveiling Ancient Egypt: Myth, Culture, and Civilization
• Viking Age: Exploration, Expansion, and Culture
• The Enlightenment: Philosophers and Their Influences on Western Thought

History Essay Topics for University

• Holocaust: Tragedy, Human Rights, and Aftermath
• Atomic Age: Nuclear Power and Its Global Impact
• Civil War: Divisions and Reunions in the United States
• Reformation: Martin Luther’s Theses and Their Impact on Christianity
• Expansion of the Mongol Empire: Tactics and Influence
• French Revolution: Causes, Course, and Consequences
• The Crusades: Motives, Methods, and Historical Impact
• Native American Tribes: Cultures and Contributions Pre-Columbus
• Slavery Abolition: Global Perspectives and Implications
• The Space Race: Politics, Technology, and Achievements
• Holocaust Survivors: Stories, Memories, and Historical Importance
• Byzantine Empire: Rise, Fall, and Legacy
• Manifest Destiny and the American Westward Expansion
• Cold War Espionage: Tactics, Technology, and Impact
• European Exploration: Columbus, Magellan, and the Age of Discovery
• Women’s Suffrage: Struggles, Successes, and Effects
• Samurai Culture in Feudal Japan: Honor, Warfare, and Legacy
• Berlin Wall: Symbol of Division and Its Fall
• Partition of India: Causes, Violence, and Post-Colonial Impact
• The Influence of Religion on Medieval Europe
• Nineteenth-Century Imperialism: Justification, Exploitation, and Resistance

African History Topics

• Kingdoms of Ancient Africa: Egypt, Carthage, and Aksum
• Ethiopia’s Roles in the Early Christian Movement
• Mansa Musa and the Prosperity of the Mali Empire
• African Influence on Greek and Roman Civilizations
• Nubian Dynasties: Power Shifts Along the Nile
• Trade Networks: Trans-Saharan Routes’ Impact
• Zulu Nation’s Military Innovation and Imperial Expansion
• Slavery’s Devastating Effects on West Africa
• Pan-Africanism: Ideology, Impact, and Influential Figures
• Resistance Movements Against Colonial Rule in the 20th Century
• African Diaspora: Cultural Retentions and Transformations
• Maafa’s Legacy: Understanding the Atlantic Slave Trade
• Independence Movements: Ghana Leads the Way
• Genocide in Rwanda: Causes and Aftermath
• Cultural Practices: Ancient African Art and Architecture
• Kingdom of Zimbabwe: Origins of the Shona Civilization
• Women’s Roles in Pre-Colonial African Societies
• Berber Kingdoms and Their Impact on the Maghreb
• European Colonialism: Its Effects on the African Continent
• Ashanti Empire: Military Prowess and Cultural Contributions

Ancient History Topics

• Origins of the Mesopotamian Civilization: Sumerians and Cuneiform
• Advanced Engineering in the Ancient Egyptian Pyramids
• Roman Innovations in Law and Government
• Development of the Greek Polis: Athens and Sparta
• Mythologies’ Impacts on Ancient Greek Culture
• Influences of the Ancient Persians on Modern Culture
• Hebrews and the Formation of Early Monotheistic Religions
• Buddha’s Teachings and Their Transformation of Ancient India
• Inca Achievements in Agriculture and Infrastructure
• Aztec Rituals, Sacrifices, and Cultural Traditions
• Maya Scientific Discoveries: Astronomy and Mathematics
• Han Dynasty’s Contributions to Art and Literature
• Construction Techniques in the Ancient Roman Architecture
• Empires in the Fertile Crescent: The Babylonians, Assyrians, and Persians
• Pharaohs Rule in the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms of Egypt
• Bronze Age Aegean Civilizations: Minoans and Mycenaeans
• Democracy Evolution in Ancient Athens
• Trade Routes in the Ancient Mediterranean: Silk Road and Amber Road
• Carthaginian Power and the Punic Wars
• Transformative Ideas of Confucius and Ancient Chinese Philosophy
• Nomadic Invasions and Their Impact on Ancient Civilizations

Asian History Topics

• Evolution of Confucianism in Imperial China
• Impacts of Colonialism on Southeast Asia’s Socioeconomic Structure
• Samurai Culture and Feudal Japan
• Ming Dynasty’s Maritime Expeditions
• Roles of Buddhism in the Khmer Empire
• Mongol Empire’s Influence on Eurasian Trade
• Korean Peninsula’s Struggle for Independence Post World War II
• Silk Road: Trade and Cultural Exchange
• Roles of Islam in Shaping Mughal India
• Sukarno Era’s Impacts on Indonesia’s Political Landscape
• Rise and Fall of the Maurya Empire in Ancient India
• Comparative Study: Chinese Tang and Song Dynasties
• Development of Writing Systems in Ancient China
• Indus Valley Civilization: Society, Economy, and Religion
• Meiji Restoration’s Contributions to Japan’s Modernization
• Siam Kingdom’s Resistance to Colonial Rule
• Roles of Women in Ancient and Medieval Asian Societies
• Ottoman Influence on Southeast European and Middle Eastern History
• Influence of Persian Culture on Ancient Indian Civilizations
• Terracotta Warriors: Art, Craftsmanship, and Legacy in Ancient China

Cultural History Essay Topics

• Influence of Shakespearean Drama on Elizabethan Society
• The Harlem Renaissance: Catalyst for African American Cultural Identity
• Evolution of Japanese Tea Ceremonies: Beyond Aesthetics
• Impressionism’s Impact on French Society During the 19th Century
• Cultural Shifts Encouraged by the American Beat Generation
• Byzantine Art: Reflection of Spiritual and Political Power
• Mayan Hieroglyphics: Decoding Cultural Narratives
• Industrial Revolution’s Effect on Victorian-Era Fashion
• Silent Cinema: A Catalyst for 1920s American Pop Culture
• Renaissance Humanism: Transformation of European Intellect
• Cultural Syncretism: Fusion in Afro-Caribbean Music
• Flamenco’s Role in Forming Andalusian Identity
• Expression of Greek Ideals in Classical Architecture
• Modernism’s Influence on Post-World War I Literature
• Indigenous Mythologies: Shaping of Pre-colonial Australian Culture
• The Enlightenment: Precursor to French Revolutionary Ideals
• Turkish Coffee: Symbol of National Identity and Hospitality
• The Ming Dynasty: Patronage of Chinese Porcelain Artistry
• Irish Folklore: Fabric of Societal Beliefs and Customs
• Migration Stories Depicted in Mexican Muralism
• The American Civil Rights Movement: Catalyst for Cultural Change

Economic History Essay Topics

• Industrial Revolution: Determinants and Impact on Modern Economics
• Adam Smith and the Influence of The Wealth of Nations on Modern Economic Thought
• Colonialism: Exploitation and Economic Growth in European Empires
• Japanese Economic Miracle: Post-World War II Recovery and Lessons Learned
• Keynesian Economics: Roots and Role in Shaping the Post-Depression Era
• Free Market Economy: Milton Friedman’s Contributions and Influences
• Bretton Woods System: Its Role in Shaping the International Monetary Order
• China’s Transition From a Centrally Planned Economy to a Market Economy: Steps and Challenges
• Mercantilism: Understanding its Principles and Effects on European Economic Growth
• Gold Standard: Its Rise, Fall, and Effects on Global Economies
• Silicon Valley: The Evolution and Economic Impact of the Tech Industry
• Slave Trade: Its Role in the Evolution of Global Economics
• Eurozone Crisis: Causes, Impacts, and Solutions
• OPEC and the Global Oil Economy: Formation, Influence, and Impact
• Global Financial Crisis of 2008: Causes, Consequences, and Prevention Strategies
• Russian Transition: Post-Soviet Economic Reforms and Outcomes
• The Marshall Plan: Significance and Impact on European Post-War Recovery
• American Great Depression: Causes, Impact, and Government Response
• Globalization: Its Historical Evolution and Economic Implications
• Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Lessons Learned and Policy Implications

European History Topics

• Rise of Feudalism in Medieval Europe
• Black Death’s Impact on the 14th-Century Society
• Enlightenment’s Influence on Political Thought
• French Revolution’s Effect on European Politics
• Italian Renaissance: A Cultural and Artistic Shift
• Reformation’s Roles in Shaping Modern Christianity
• Napoleon Bonaparte’s Conquest and the French Empire
• Industrial Revolution’s Transformation of European Economies
• Formation and Impact of the European Union
• Two World Wars: Causes and Consequences
• Emergence of Modern Democracy: The Magna Carta
• Cold War: Europe’s Role and Responses
• Ottoman Empire’s Interactions With European Powers
• Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
• Age of Exploration: Europe’s Global Influence
• Holocaust: A Dark Chapter in 20th-Century Europe
• Byzantine Empire: Constantinople’s Flourishing Culture
• Spanish Inquisition’s Impact on Religion and Society
• Viking Raids: Exploring Their Influence on Europe
• Hundred Years’ War: English and French Power Struggles
• Transition From Monarchies to Democracies in Europe

Historiographical Topics

• Influence of Marxism in Modern Historiography: An Exploration
• Decolonial Approaches: Reshaping Historical Interpretations
• Postmodernist Perspectives: Challenges to Traditional History
• Women’s Voices in History: The Evolution of Gender Studies
• Oral Traditions: Advancements in Indigenous Historiography
• Subjective Reality: The Role of Memory in Constructing History
• Imperial Power: European Colonial Histories Revisited
• Interdisciplinary Approaches: Melding History With Sociology
• Comparative History: The Synthesis of Regional Perspectives
• Counterfactual Thinking: Exploring Alternate Historical Pathways
• Textual Analysis: Unveiling Sociocultural Dimensions in Historical Studies
• Evolution of Diplomatic Historiography: Power, Politics, and Peace
• Material Culture: The Archaeological Method in Historiography
• Holocaust Studies: Examining Methodologies and Debates
• Military History: Strategy, Tactics, and Societal Impact
• Biographical Approach: Unpacking Individual Influence on History
• Microhistory: Magnifying Minute Historical Details
• Economic History: Capitalism and Its Historical Context
• Nationalist Narratives: Critiques and Reinterpretations
• Cultural History: Unraveling the Fabric of Societies
• Global History: Understanding Interconnected Histories and Cultures

History Essay Topics in Science & Medicine

• Revolutionary Impacts of the Discovery of Penicillin
• Einstein’s Theory of Relativity and Its Influences on Modern Science
• Vaccination Development: Polio Vaccine and Its Effect on Global Health
• Contributions of Marie Curie to Radioactivity
• Influence of the Manhattan Project on 20th-Century Scientific Developments
• Advancements in DNA Sequencing: A Historical Perspective
• Medical Ethics: Case Study of the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment
• Human Genome Project: Its Repercussions on Modern Medicine
• Apollo Moon Landing: Significance in Technological Advancements
• Era of AI: Turing’s Test and the Dawn of Machine Learning
• Technological Innovations During World War II: Radar and Cryptography
• Advances in Cardiac Surgery: The First Heart Transplant
• Public Health Initiatives: The Elimination of Smallpox
• Telecommunications Evolution: From Morse Code to 5G Networks
• Nikola Tesla’s Contributions to Electrical Engineering
• Nanotechnology Developments: Feynman’s Concept to Current Applications
• Progression of Neurosurgery: Harvey Cushing’s Legacy
• Probing Into Atomic Theory: Niels Bohr’s Quantum Model
• Impacts of Cybernetics on Modern Science and Medicine
• Exploration of Black Holes: Hawking’s Theoretical Contributions

History Topics in Technology

• Revolutionizing Medicine: The Impact of Biotechnology
• The Journey of Mobile Phones: From Luxuries to Necessities
• The Emergence of Cryptocurrencies: Understanding Blockchain Technology
• Computing Power: Decoding the Rise of Quantum Computers
• Reshaping Communication: A Study of Social Media Platforms
• Transportation Transformed: The Advent of Electric Vehicles
• Photographic Pioneers: A History of Digital Cameras
• Software Evolution: The Shift From Proprietary to Open Source
• Rise of Robotics: Unfolding the Age of Automation
• Space Exploration: Innovations in Satellite Technology
• Unraveling E-Commerce: A Chronicle of Digital Marketplaces
• Cybersecurity Developments: Safeguarding the Digital World
• Advancements in Renewable Energy: The Legacy of Solar Panels
• Augmented Reality: Tracing Its Developmental Path
• History of Video Games: From Arcades to Virtual Reality
• Human Genome Project: A Leap in Biomedical Tech
• From Typewriters to Word Processors: A Digital Revolution
• Computer Graphics: An Evolutionary Perspective
• Fiber Optics: Unveiling Its Journey of Innovation
• 3D Printing: Understanding Its Historical Developments
• Nanotechnology Advances: Revolutionizing Material Science

Medieval History Essay Topics

• Chivalry’s Impact on Medieval Social Structures
• The Black Death’s Effect on European Economic Systems
• Monastic Life’s Role in Preserving Knowledge During the Middle Ages
• Architectural Evolution: From Romanesque to Gothic Styles
• Feudalism’s Influence on Medieval Political Landscapes
• Women’s Status and Roles in Medieval Society
• Medieval Education: The Rise of Universities in Europe
• Crusades’ Effect on East-West Relations and Trade
• The Power of the Catholic Church in Medieval Europe
• Knights and Their Code of Honor: An In-Depth Analysis
• Medieval Literature: Exploring Themes and Moral Messages
• Advances in Medical Practice During the Middle Ages
• Castles as a Reflection of Medieval Defensive Techniques
• Daily Life of Peasants in the Medieval Period
• Analysis of the Magna Carta’s Influence on English Law
• Medieval Art: Illuminated Manuscripts and Their Cultural Significance
• Exploration of Courtly Love in Medieval Poetry
• Monarchs’ Authority: The Divine Right of Kings During the Middle Ages
• Impacts of the Hundred Years War on France and England
• Roles of the Inquisition in Maintaining Church Power

Middle Eastern History Topics

• Rise of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula
• Impacts of the Crusades on Muslim-Christian Relations
• Persian Empire’s Influence on Modern Iran
• Creation and Expansion of the Ottoman Empire
• Evolution of Arabic Literature and Poetry
• Cairo’s Transformation Into an Islamic Cultural Center
• Establishment and Development of the Silk Road
• Ottoman Empire’s Collapse and the Birth of Modern Turkey
• Influence of the Abbasid Caliphate on the Islamic Golden Age
• Evolution and Impact of the Zionist Movement
• Historical Analysis of the Israel-Palestine Conflict
• Sassanid Empire’s Contribution to Persian Art and Culture
• Impacts of the Petroleum Industry on Gulf Countries
• Investigation of Ancient Egyptian Religion and Mythology
• Byzantine Empire’s Legacy in the Middle East
• Scientific Advancements During the Islamic Golden Age
• Arabian Peninsula’s Roles in Spice Trade Routes
• Transition From Ottoman Rule to French Mandate in Syria
• Examination of the Iranian Islamic Revolution
• Life and Rule of Saladin During the Ayyubid Dynasty
• Migration Patterns of Ancient Semitic Peoples

Military History Essay Topics

• Analyzing Leadership Strategies in The Battle of Waterloo
• Causes and Consequences of the Napoleonic Wars
• Lessons From the Vietnam War: Guerilla Tactics and Counterinsurgency
• Transformation of Battlefield Medicine From the American Civil War to Today
• Intelligence Operations and Their Role in the Cold War
• The Siege of Leningrad: Civilians in the Crossfire
• Revolutionary Tactics: The Military Innovations of Alexander the Great
• Ethical Implications of Atomic Bombings in World War II
• Combat Psychology: Understanding PTSD in Veterans of the Iraq War
• The French Resistance: Unconventional Warfare in World War II
• Evolution of Military Strategy: Sun Tzu to Modern Warfare
• The Korean War: Impact of International Intervention
• Women in the Military: Roles and Challenges from World War II Onwards
• Spartan Warriors: The Role of Discipline and Training in Ancient Warfare
• Codebreakers: Cryptography’s Influence on World War II Outcomes
• Military Implications of Space Exploration During the Cold War
• Amphibious Warfare: An Analysis of D-Day Invasion
• Insurgency and Counterinsurgency: Lessons From the Afghan War
• Defense Policies and Their Role in the Cold War Détente
• The Art of Siege Warfare: A Study of the Crusades

Modern History Topics

• Evolution of Democratic Institutions in Europe Post WWII
• Rise of Feminism: The Second Wave Movement
• Emergence of Neo-Liberalism: A Global Perspective
• Nuclear Weapons Development: Ethical Considerations
• End of Apartheid: Mandela’s Legacy in South Africa
• Consequences of Decolonization in Africa
• Confluence of Technological Advancements and Warfare
• Indian Independence: The Non-Violence Path
• Impacts of the Internet Revolution on Global Communication
• Formation and Dissolution of Yugoslavia
• Legacy of Nelson Mandela: South African Democracy
• Deciphering the Arab-Israeli Conflict
• Unveiling the Causes of the Rwandan Genocide
• Collapse of Soviet Union: Global Consequences
• Chornobyl Disaster: Ecological and Societal Aftermath
• Examination of the Cuban Missile Crisis
• Effects of Globalization on National Identities
• Rise of China: Economic and Political Implications
• Birth of European Union: A Journey Toward Integration
• Changing Landscapes: Post-Industrial Revolution Transformations
• Decoding the Iran-Contra Affair: International Ramifications

History Essay Topics in Music

• Evolution of Jazz: A Century’s Journey
• Pivotal Roles of Beethoven in Classical Music’s Transformation
• Impacts of Social Issues on the Songs of the 1960s
• Bach’s Influence: Baroque Music and Beyond
• The Beatles: Revolutionizing the Pop Music Scene
• Music in Ancient Civilizations: A Comparative Study
• Indigenous Music: Richness and Diversity in Native Cultures
• Punk Rock: An Anthem for Discontented Youth
• Hip-Hop: A Medium for Sociopolitical Discourse
• Opera’s Development: Dramatic Shifts From 17th Century Onwards
• Country Music: An Echo of Rural America
• Reggae: Bob Marley’s Legacy and Influence
• Wagner’s Operas: Romanticism, Nationalism, and Beyond
• Electronic Music’s Rise: A Technological Marvel
• Development of the Symphony: Haydn to Mahler
• Stravinsky’s Rite of Spring: Shattering Musical Conventions
• Motown Records: Shaping the Sound of Soul
• Flamenco’s History: From Gypsy Songs to Global Phenomenon
• Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan: Reshaping Qawwali Music
• Blues Transition: From Delta to Chicago

History Topics for Persuasive Essays

• Influence of Queen Elizabeth I on English Renaissance
• Substantial Impacts of the Black Death on European Society
• Roles of Harriet Tubman in the Underground Railroad
• Byzantine Empire’s Contributions to Modern Architecture
• Atomic Bombing Decisions: Justified or Inhumane?
• Cultural Exchange during Marco Polo’s Journey to the East
• Revolutionary Effects of Martin Luther’s 95 Theses
• Necessity of Crusades: Religious Devotion or Power Struggle?
• Renaissance Humanism and Its Role in Modern Education
• Mongolian Empire’s Influence on Eurasian Trade
• Success of Non-Violent Movements: Mahatma Gandhi’s Approach
• French Revolution: Catalyst for Global Democracy?
• Feminism’s Evolution and Impact Throughout History
• Contributions of the Islamic Golden Age to Modern Science
• Impacts of Napoleon Bonaparte’s Rule on France
• African Civilizations: Misconceptions and Undervalued Contributions
• American Civil Rights Movement: Effect on Current Race Relations
• Discoveries and Controversies Surrounding Christopher Columbus
• Significant Cultural Developments During the Meiji Restoration
• Aztec Civilization: Mesoamerican Contributions to Modern Society

History Topics in Social Studies

• Rise of Industrialization in Europe
• Exploration of the New World: The Columbus Voyage
• Impacts of the Great Depression on the Global Economy
• Ancient Greece: Origin of Democracy
• Egyptian Civilization: Contributions to Society and Culture
• Influence of Roman Law on Modern Legal Systems
• American Civil Rights Movement: Changes and Consequences
• Evolution of the European Union: A Historical Perspective
• Indigenous Peoples of the Americas: Cultures and Conflicts
• Migration Patterns during the Dust Bowl
• Chinese Cultural Revolution: Causes and Effects
• French Revolution: Seeds of Change
• Ottoman Empire’s Expansion: Impact on Europe
• Enlightenment Era: Shift in Human Thought
• Indian Independence Movement: Struggle and Success
• African Empires: Wealth, Power, and Trade
• World War I: Unforeseen Consequences
• Samurai and Shogun: Power Dynamics in Feudal Japan
• The Crusades: Religion and Politics Intertwined
• Viking Raids: Influence on Europe

Women’s History Topics

• Transformation of Gender Roles during the Industrial Revolution
• Suffragette Movement’s Influence on Modern Feminism
• Women in Ancient Civilizations: Greece and Rome
• The Role of Queens in Medieval Europe
• Madame Curie’s Contributions to Science
• Advancement of Women’s Rights in the 21st Century
• Rosa Parks: An Icon of Civil Rights
• Hidden Figures: African American Women in NASA
• Contributions of Women to the Impressionist Art Movement
• The Second Wave: Feminism in the 1960s
• Pioneering Women in American Politics
• Eleanor Roosevelt’s Influence on Social Policy
• Changing Perceptions of Women in Advertising
• Emily Dickinson: Recluse Poet, Revolutionary Thinker
• Women’s Labor Movement in the Late 19th Century
• Challenges Faced by Women in STEM Fields
• Billie Jean King: Breaking Barriers in Tennis
• Coco Chanel: Revolutionizing Women’s Fashion
• Contributions of Women to the Harlem Renaissance
• Historical Milestones in Women’s Sports

World History Essay Topics

• Revolution’s Role: How Did the French Revolution Shape Modern Europe?
• Renaissance Ripples: Impact of the Italian Renaissance on European Art and Culture
• Eastern Influence: Spread and Impact of Buddhism Across Asia
• African Awakening: The Decolonization and Independence Movements in 20th-Century Africa
• Rome’s Reach: The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire
• Crusades’ Consequences: Long-Term Effects of the Medieval Crusades on the Middle East
• Genghis Khan’s Legacy: The Mongolian Empire’s Influence on Eurasia
• Globalization’s Genesis: The Age of Exploration’s Effect on World Trade
• American Ideals: The Influences Behind the US Constitution
• Hitler’s Reign: A Study of the Holocaust and World War II
• Colonization’s Toll: The Long-Lasting Effects of British Imperialism in India
• Technological Triumph: Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Society
• Marxism’s Manifestation: The Russian Revolution and the Rise of Soviet Communism
• Atomic Anxiety: The Cold War and the Threat of Nuclear Annihilation
• Byzantium’s Brilliance: The Cultural and Political Impact of the Byzantine Empire
• Arab Advances: The Golden Age of Islamic Civilization and Its Contributions to Science
• Samurai Significance: The Influence of the Samurai Code on Feudal Japan
• Slavery’s Scars: The Transatlantic Slave Trade and Its Impacts on Africa and Americas
• Ottoman Order: The Establishment and Influence of the Ottoman Empire
• Spartan Strategy: Military Tactics and Society in Ancient Sparta
• Colonial Contest: French and English Rivalry in the New World

To Learn More, Read Relevant Articles

443 business essay topics & best ideas, 642 microeconomics research topics & ideas.

History Essay Examples

Top History Essay Examples To Get Inspired By

Published on: May 4, 2023

Last updated on: Jan 31, 2024

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History essays are a crucial component of many academic programs, helping students to develop their critical thinking, research, and writing skills. 

However, writing a great history essay is not always easy, especially when you are struggling to find the right approach. This is where history essay examples come in handy. 

By reading and examining samples of successful history essays, you can gain inspiration, learn new ways to approach your topic. Moreover, you can develop a better understanding of what makes a great history essay.

In this blog, you will find a range of history essay examples that showcase the best practices in history essay writing. 

Read on to find useful examples.

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Sample History Essays

Explore our collection of excellent history paper examples about various topics. Download the pdf examples for free and read to get inspiration for your own essay.

History Essay Samples for Middle School

The Impact of Ancient Civilizations on Modern Society

The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire

The Causes and Consequences of the American Revolution

History Writing Samples for High School Students

The Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Society

Grade 10 History Essay Example: World War 1 Causes and Effects

Grade 12 History Essay Example: The Impact of Technology on World War II

Ancient History Essay Examples

The Societal and Political Structures of the Maya Civilization

The Role of Phoenicians in the Development of Ancient Mediterranean World

The Contributions of the Indus Civilization

Medieval History Essay Examples

The Crusades Motivations and Consequences

The Beginning of Islamic Golden Age

The Black Death

Modern History Essay Examples

The Suez Crisis and the End of British Dominance

The Rise of China as an Economic Powerhouse

World History Essay Examples

The Role of the Silk Road in Shaping Global Trade and Culture

The Rise and Fall of the Ottoman Empire

The Legacy of Ancient Greek Philosophy and Thought

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American History Essay Examples

The Civil Rights Movement and its Impact on American Society

The American Civil War and its Aftermath

The Role of Women in American Society Throughout History

African History Essay Examples

The Impact of Colonialism on African Societies

The Rise and Fall of the Mali Empire

European History Essay Examples

The Protestant Reformation and the Rise of Protestantism in Europe

The French Revolution and its Impact on European Politics and Society

The Cold War and the Division of Europe

Argumentative History Essay Examples

Was the US Civil War Primarily About Slavery or States

The Effects of British Colonization on Colonies

Art History Essay Examples 

The Influence of Greek and Roman Art on Neoclassicism

The Depiction of Women in Art Throughout History

The Role of Art in the Propaganda of Fascist Regimes

How to Use History Essay Examples

History essay examples are a valuable tool for students looking for inspiration and guidance on how to approach their own essays. 

By analyzing successful essays, you can learn effective writing techniques that can be expected in a high-quality history essay. 

Here are some tips that will help you take full advantage of the samples above.

Tips for Effectively Using History Essay Examples

• Analyze the Structure:

Pay close attention to how the essay is organized, including the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Look for how the author transitions between paragraphs and the use of evidence to support their argument.

• Study the Thesis Statement:

The thesis statement is the backbone of any successful history essay. Analyze how the author crafted their thesis statement, and consider how you can apply this to your own writing.

• Take Note of the Evidence: 

Effective history essays rely on using strong evidence to support their arguments. Take note of the sources and types of evidence used in the essay. Consider how you can apply similar evidence to support your own arguments.

• Pay Attention to the Formatting and Other Academic Formalities:

The sample essays also demonstrate how you can incorporate academic formalities and standards while keeping the essay engaging. See how these essays fulfill academic standards and try to follow them in your own writing.

• Practice Writing:

While analyzing history essay examples can be helpful, it is important to also practice writing your own essays. Use the examples as inspiration, but try to craft your own unique approach to your topic. 

History essays are an essential aspect of learning and understanding the past. By using history essay examples, students can gain inspiration on how to develop their history essays effectively. 

Furthermore, following the tips outlined in this blog, students can effectively analyze these essay samples and learn from them. 

However, writing a history essay can still be challenging. 

Looking for an online essay writing service that specializes in history essays? Look no further!

Our history essay writing service is your go-to source for well-researched and expertly crafted papers.

And for an extra edge in your academic journey, explore our AI essay writing tool . Make history with your grades by choosing our online essay writing service and harnessing the potential of our AI essay writing tool.

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ESSAY SAUCE

FOR STUDENTS : ALL THE INGREDIENTS OF A GOOD ESSAY

• History essays

Whether you’re a history student at university or you’re studying history at college, our history essays and resources are here to inspire you. Browse our essays and use as an example for your own work! Find more history essays here .

Cylinder seals in the Late Bronze Age (c. 1550-1250 BC)

The international period concurrent with the Late Bronze Age (or LBA, c. 1550-1250 BC) exhibited heightened commercial and political relations between various regions in the ancient Near East, the Levant, and the Aegean. Perhaps the most revealing testaments of the contact amongst these regions, apart from the Amarna Letters, are the glyptic works of this … Read more

Was Stalin successful at dealing with opposition?

In this essay, dealing with opposition will be defined as fully eliminating threats, rather than merely postponing or temporarily preventing them. It will be argued that Stalin was the most successful in dealing with opposition than any other ruler during the period 1855-1964. This is due to his repressive approach in destroying potential threats to … Read more

Scotland’s Geo-Political Quagmire

In 2014, the people of Scotland voted in a referendum offered by the UK on whether Scotland should sever her political and economic ties with England and go her own separate way as an independent nation. National sentiment behind this referendum is not without precedent, as Scotland has borne the yoke of English subjugation in … Read more

Dowager period of Isabella of France

Isabella’s dowager period followed all standards that was expected for the retirement period of a queen. Like other dowagers before her, her political role was greatly reduced, and cultural and religious benefaction became a central focus of her life and her only appearances of the royal court was at major celebrations. A dowager period tended … Read more

Assess the view that there was a ‘Mid-Tudor Crisis’ between the years of 1547-1558

In the context of a ‘Mid-Tudor Crisis’, a ‘crisis’ is defined as a situation where the state is threatened to collapse. It is with this definition that Whitney Jones (1973) had first used the label of a ‘Mid-Tudor Crisis’, claiming that the combination of failures and instability in foreign policy, economy, and religious reformation had … Read more

How can we distinguish between good and bad interpretation?

Interpretation is an important mechanism to help us have a better understanding of a knowledge ground. Most of the time it is triggered by our senses. A simple example that I had is when I first listened to Any Song by Zico. The song appealed with such an addicting and joyful melody that made me … Read more

To what extent did the WASP Program impact women’s rights during and after World War II?

Introduction In World War II, American women had to fight twice as hard for their right to fight alongside men to protect their countries. Through nursing opportunities, sniper training projects, and the invention of the Women’s Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) program, women had to overcome the boundaries of their domestic duties on the home front … Read more

Thomspon, Hobsbawm and Clark – Marxism

No other historical perspective has influenced historiographical discourse in such contested terms. Many historians have written in the vein and spirit of Marxist belief; however, conceptual schisms have manifested between self-avowed Marxist historians who stretch the ideas of Marx, that have-fragmented the established bonds and orthodoxy of Marxist methodology. Theoretical Marxism, at-its core, is more … Read more

The Civilian Conservation Corps

Thesis Statement: The accomplishments of the Civilian Conservation Corps are still seen today throughout our national parks and reservoirs. During a harsh time what could you do to crawl yourself out of The Great Depression? In this time the state of the country was shambled, broken, and full of poverty. The environment was deteriorating. Much … Read more

Why did dancers from Soviet Russia began to defect to the West?

When you think about war, what do you think about? Missiles, poverty, the little green army men from Toy Story? In this essay, I am going to explore a different side of war–ballet. During the Cold War, more specifically the late 80’s and early 90’s, dancers from Soviet Russia began to defect to the West. … Read more

North-South relations and their importance during the Cold war

The end of the Second World War culminated in the rise of two superpowers- United States(US) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR). The world was therefore divided into two ideological blocs- Eastern bloc led by the USSR and the Western bloc led by the US. This rivalry came to be known as the … Read more

Defining Civil War and understanding its causes

How do you define a Civil War and what criteria do you have to fit to say that your country is at what? The most seen academic definition has that of two key criteria. ‘’The first says that the warring groups must be from the same country and fighting for control of the political centre, … Read more

Athenian law – gathering evidence and case examples

1) One distinct feature of classical Athenian law was the use of torture as an interrogation method for gathering evidence. Specifically, that judicial torture was seen as a legitimate way to attain evidence in a criminal investigation. While today, this practice has been largely abandoned and rendered inefficient by many, what is peculiar about its … Read more

Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan is one of the greatest military leaders that have ever walk the Earth. He was born in 1162. Temujin was a boy that would help shape the world of today. His father Yesugei was the chief of the nomadic tribe. He was poisoned by another tribe, and that meant that Temujin would have … Read more

How America’s history shaped fashion in the 70s

The 1970’s were full of political, cultural, and social issues.  A timeline of events throughout America’s history will help shape why certain fashions were the way they were during this time period.  Thus, creating a background for why the Hippies and disco lovers took on their fashions of this decade. The year of 1970, the … Read more

How to write a history essay

History essays focus more on demonstrating that you have an understanding of the issues to a set question than to finding the correct answer to the set question.

It is rather difficult to arrive at a definite answer with most historical problems. In general for each historical question there will be a body of evidence that will be relevant to it. This body of evidence typically will explain about the events and phenomena under discussion. A good answer will need to bring together all of this evidence and explain why particular items have been dismissed as having no bearing on the problem.

Analyse the Question

You must have a thorough understanding of the question by identifying the exact nature of the question; what are you being asked, this will help in giving an adequate answer that is the kind of information you will need to answer the question. Historical essays do not involve simply reporting information, rather it requires you to understand the question and make a judgment on the issue. Paying keen attention to keywords in the question is also important; words such as: discuss, explain, compare, evaluate and so on.

Here we explain how to write a history essay and expand on some of the keywords that are so important to understand:

‘Explain’ and ‘why’ questions:

These type of questions demand a list of reasons or one big reason; each reason will have to be explained – that is, clarified, expanded upon, and illustrated.

This is to break-down something. To determine the nature and relationship of the parts of; say “how” or “why” something happened. This could be likened to “cause and effect”.

‘Assess’ and ‘evaluate’:

This is how true or false something is. To judge value of its character; this should be supported by explanations and evidence. Evaluate discuss merits and de-merits, it is giving an opinion regarding the value of it.

This demands the purpose of identifying similarities and differences. When the question calls for comparisons, they expect you to include differences as well. One way of going about such an essay would be to distinguish areas of similarity and differences; furthermore give a section in which you would assess the degree of similarity and reach a sub-conclusion.

Give an account of; tell about; give a word picture of.

Show the different sides of, and argue from various points of views.

Make known in detail, to make clear or plain.

‘What-role-did-X-play-in-Y’ questions:

This requires you to identify the function of some group or institution within some specific system. This is the functionalist approach. The subject of the question is the ‘Y’ rather than the ‘X’ element. This question requires a discussion of the system as a whole and the consideration of alternative explanations of how ‘X’ worked within it.

To What Extent and In What Ways:

Involves measure of, that is, how much? For instance, Examine five spheres which cast light on the extent of Jewish influence in high medieval France: namely, their role in the commercial life of the towns, the role of Jewish banking in the agrarian economy, their influence on Christian intellectual life and so on. It has been seen that the Jews exerted a profound influence on the intellectual life of the universities but almost none on that of the established monastic orders.

In what ways should show how an event or condition relates to another. Understand what was done and what was left to be done. In this you should expect counter-arguments, did an event or condition relate to another?

Knowing  how to write a history essay  is not just about knowing facts and figures. It’s also about how you structure your writing so it flows.

The introduction:

It is usually one paragraph and its purpose is to clearly set out the problem to be discussed in the paper, define key terms that will be used, outline the structure of the argument and to clearly state the thesis. The thesis statement is the version of your argument. The thesis thus presents new information to your reader, however, for it to be a good thesis it will require you to introduce the concepts in it before presenting the thesis itself. That is the task of the introductory paragraph and that’s how the thesis fits in the introductory paragraph.

For instance, “The nature of slave rights had a dual character. On the one hand, in order to maintain the total dominance of the white master class, the law denied any rights to slaves. Publicly, the slave was merely property, and not human at all. Yet the personal records of many planters suggest that slaves often proved able to demand customary “rights” from their masters. In the privacy of the master-slave relationship, the black man did indeed have rights which the white man was bound to respect, on pain of losing his labor or subjecting himself to violence. This conflict between slaves’ lack of “public” rights and masters’ “private” acknowledgment of slaves’ rights undermined planters’ informal rule and permitted slaves a degree of freedom within an oppressive system.” The thesis is clearly structured between two concepts public and private rights which are included into the thesis. This gives the reader a clear idea of what the paper will need to argue to prove its thesis.

You need an organising scheme for your paper, which most often will be suggested by your thesis. Let’s take this thesis: “In the 1950s, American auto workers developed their identities as laborers in the home as well as the workplace.” This thesis suggests a structure: at the very least, you will have to divide things up into “home” and “workplace.” The general flow in the body is from the general to the specific. Start with general statements, such as “Federal policy towards native peoples aimed at either assimilating Indians or exterminating them.” Then move on to specific statements which support your general statement, such as “The origins of the policy of assimilation can be traced back to Puritan missionaries of the 1650s.”

The use of paragraphs is essential and must start with a topic sentence. Each paragraph should have a main point with a small argument to support the paragraph. The paragraphs of the paper must flow from one idea to the next. Arguing in the body need not be heated emotions and raised voices rather it should be intended to convince the reader through reason. One must anticipate counter-arguments which one can either: refute by proving it is false, as in, “While the federal census of 1890 seems to suggest an increase in black mortality, that census was infamous for recording specious data”. Or you may accept certain true statements which refute your argument but explain why they do not harm your arguments, as in, “It was indeed true that Latino youth were incarcerated at a rate three to four times greater than Anglo youth, yet this may suggest the iniquitous workings of the local justice system rather than a Latino propensity towards crime.”

This kind of arguing in the body will give more credibility to the paper and make it more persuasive.

Conclusion:

This usually gives a brief explanation on your thesis, and pulls all your arguments together. The conclusion should show why the argument is important in the bigger picture of things, or suggest areas for further research. Or it could raise a bigger question.

We hope you gained a lot from reading our free ‘how to write a history essay’ guide.

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These 5 Books Can Give You More Than a College Degree

I n the midst of late-night study sessions, essay reviews for that upcoming paper, and pondering " write papers for me " solutions, have you ever wondered if there’s more to learning than what’s found in college textbooks? Well, you’re onto something.

Books, especially those outside academic curriculums, can offer a wealth of knowledge, insights, and life lessons that often surpass what you learn in a lecture hall. Let’s explore some groundbreaking books that can give you more than a college degree.

“Thinking, Fast and Slow” by Daniel Kahneman

Daniel Kahneman’s “Thinking, Fast and Slow” offers a journey into the depths of the human mind. Kahneman, a renowned psychologist and Nobel Prize winner in Economic Sciences, introduces us to the two thinking systems: fast/emotional and slow/logical. 

Throughout the book, Kahneman engages readers with compelling examples and insightful experiments that reveal how our thinking can often be flawed and biased, even when we feel we are being rational. 

This book lays bare the inner workings of decision-making. It illuminates how we make choices in our daily lives, from the mundane to the significant. It’s a transformative read that reshapes your understanding of logic, reason, and human error.

“Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind” by Yuval Noah Harari

“Sapiens” is a grand narrative of human history. It takes readers on an epic journey through the annals of human evolution, from the emergence of Homo sapiens in Africa to the rise of empires and the complexities of modern life. 

In this sweeping narrative, Harari sheds light on:

• The cognitive revolution ‒ how Homo sapiens came to dominate the Earth, thanks to our unique ability to believe in shared myths;
• The agricultural revolution ‒ the transformation from foraging to farming, which changed our societies and lifestyles irrevocably;
• The unification of humankind ‒ the formation of larger and more complex civilizations.
• The scientific revolution ‒ a recent development that has given humans god-like powers but also the responsibility for the future of life on Earth.

“Sapiens” prompts us to ponder over our origins, our future, and our place in the world.

“The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People” by Stephen R. Covey

The self-help book is a guide for personal and professional transformation. Covey introduces seven habits that promise to change not only the way you work but also the way you live. 

The book goes beyond traditional productivity tips and delves into character development and intrinsic values. Covey emphasizes that real change starts from within and radiates outward. 

Covey’s book is especially relevant in a world where success is often superficially defined. It encourages students to build a foundation of effective habits that lead to lasting and meaningful achievements.

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“Outliers: The Story of Success” by Malcolm Gladwell

Gladwell challenges the traditional narrative of success that focuses solely on individual talent and ambition. Instead, he introduces us to a world where success is also a product of historical and cultural circumstances, unexpected opportunities, and the amount of time spent practicing one’s craft. 

He uses compelling stories and research to illustrate how factors like birth month, cultural heritage, and even the 10,000-hour rule play a significant role in shaping high achievers.

Gladwell’s book is a revelation, especially for students who are often fed the narrative that success is only about hard work and talent. “Outliers” encourages students to consider their background, opportunities, and the sheer amount of practice in their pursuits. Gladwell’s insightful analysis shows that success is not just about what you do but also where, when, and how you do it.

“How to Win Friends and Influence People” by Dale Carnegie

First published in the 1930s, the principles discussed in this book are still relevant today. Carnegie’s book delves into the psychology behind everyday interactions and provides practical advice for enhancing communication and influence. The core of his teachings revolves around the idea that understanding and empathizing with others’ perspectives is the key to building meaningful connections.

The book breaks down essential interpersonal skills and presents them in a manner that is easy to understand and apply. Carnegie also touches upon how to handle disagreements and criticisms constructively.

The lessons in “How to Win Friends and Influence People” extend beyond just making friends; they are about developing a charismatic and considerate persona that can lead to success in various aspects of life. In a world where networking is often key to opportunities, Carnegie’s teachings offer timeless wisdom for building a network with authenticity and integrity.

The Bottom Line

From understanding the complexities of human behavior and history to mastering interpersonal skills and redefining success, these reads provide a well-rounded education. 

Some of the most valuable lessons come from outside the classroom. So, immerse yourself in these books and complement your college education with insights and wisdom that will last a lifetime.