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Economic Development of Japan

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Japanese Economy - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Japanese Economy

Japanese economy & energy why are japanese so anxious about energy security 1: japan s energy consumption is enormous, due to its massive economy; 2: japan is one ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.

• This Presentation mainly discuss Japanese economy, energy demands and some related information. It is appropriate for high school students who have interest in Japanese Energy Policy.
• Area 377,864 sq. km. (145,902 sq. mi.) slightly smaller than California.
• Cities Capital--Tokyo.
• Other cities--Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Kobe, Kyoto, Fukuoka.
• Terrain Rugged, mountainous islands.
• Climate Varies from subtropical to temperate.
• Population (2007 est.) 127.5 million.Population growth rate (2007 est.) -0.088.
• Language Japanese.
• Education Literacy--99.
• Health (2007 est.)
• Infant mortality rate--2.8/1,000.
• Life expectancy--males 78 yrs., females 85 yrs.
• Work force (67 million, 2003) services--42 trade, manufacturing, mining, and construction--46 agriculture, forestry, fisheries--5 government--3.
• GDP (2007 est.) 5.103 trillion (official exchange rate) 4.34 trillion (PPP).
• Real growth rate (2007 est.) 1.9. Per capita GDP (2007 est. PPP) 33,800.
• Natural resources Fish and few mineral resources.
• Agriculture Products--rice, vegetables, fruit, milk, meat, silk.
• Industry Types--machinery and equipment, metals and metal products, textiles, autos, chemicals, electrical and electronic equipment.
• Japan's industrialized, social market economy is the world's third-largest, adjusted to purchasing power parity (PPP), after the United States and People's Republic of China. Also, Japan is the world's second-largest economy by real GDP, nominal GDP and by market exchange rates. Its economy is highly efficient and competitive in areas linked to international trade although productivity is lower in areas such as agriculture, distribution, and services. Government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, mastery of high technology, and a comparatively small defense allocation have helped Japan advance with extraordinary speed to become one of the largest economies in the world. Its reservoir of industrial leadership and technicians, well-educated and industrious work force, high savings and investment rates, and intensive promotion of industrial development and foreign trade have produced a mature industrial economy. Japan has few natural resources, and trade helps it earn the foreign exchange needed to purchase raw materials for its economy.
• Distinguishing characteristics of the Japanese economy include the cooperation of manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, and banks in closely-knit groups called keiretsu the powerful enterprise unions and shunto cozy relations with government bureaucrats, and the guarantee of lifetime employment (shushin koyo) in big corporations and highly unionized blue-collar factories. Recently, Japanese companies have begun to gradually move away from some of these norms in an attempt to increase their global competitiveness and profitability (the latter due mostly to their increased reliance on equity rather than debt financing).
• For three decades, Japan's overall real economic growth had been spectacular a 10 average in the 1960s, a 5 average in the 1970s, and a 4 average in the 1980s.
• Sliding stock and real estate prices marked the end of the "bubble economy" of the late 1980s, and ushered in a decade of stagnant economic growth. These problems may have been exacerbated by domestic policies intended to wring speculative excesses from the stock and real estate markets. Real GDP in Japan grew at an average of roughly 1.5 yearly between 1991-1999, compared to growth in the 1980s of about 4 per year. Growth in Japan throughout the 1990s was slower than growth in other major industrial nations, and the same as France and Germany. Government efforts to revive economic growth have met with little success and were further hampered in 2000 to 2001 by the slowing of the global economy. However, GDP per worker has increased steadily even through the nineties, given that from 1993 to 2007, 10 of the population distribution moved from the "working age" to "elderly age."
• Starting in 2003 Japan's economy began to grow strongly, growing at 2.0 per year in 2003 and 2004, and 2.8 percent in 2005. Unlike previous recovery trends, domestic consumption has been the dominant factor in leading the growth. As predicted, the economic recovery continued in 2006 and 2007. Former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, who was working on Japan's economic revival, signed a treaty with Saudi Arabia and UAE about the rising prices of oil.
• The Japanese economy began to see signs of trouble again in 2008. In January, Ota Hiroko, the Minister of State for Economic and Fiscal Policy, announced that Japan's economy can no longer be considered 1st class economy due to a number of facts including a decline in the countrys per capita gross domestic product, resulting in the fall of Japan's GDP per capita to 18th among the 30 member nations of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in 2006 and the reduction of Japans share of aggregate world income to below 10 for the first time in 24 years.
• Only 15 of Japan's land is arable. The agricultural economy is highly subsidized and protected. With per hectare crop yields among the highest in the world, Japan maintains an overall agricultural self-sufficiency rate of about 40 on fewer than 5.6 million cultivated hectares (14 million acres). Japan normally produces a slight surplus of rice but imports large quantities of wheat, corn, sorghum, and soybeans, primarily from the United States. Japan is the largest market for U.S. agricultural exports.
• Deposits of gold, magnesium, and silver meet current industrial demands, but Japan is dependent on foreign sources for many of the minerals essential to modern industry. Iron ore, coke, copper, and bauxite must be imported, as must many forest products.
• Industries Manufacturing, construction, distribution, real estate, services, and communication are Japan's major industries today. Agriculture makes up only about 2 of the GNP. Most important agricultural product is rice. Resources of raw materials are very limited and the mining industry rather small.
• Japan's industrialized, free market economy is the second-largest in the world. Its economy is highly efficient and competitive in areas linked to international trade, but productivity is far lower in protected areas such as agriculture, distribution, and services. After achieving one of the highest economic growth rates in the world from the 1960s through the 1980s, the Japanese economy slowed dramatically in the early 1990s, when the "bubble economy" collapsed, marked by plummeting stock and real estate prices.
• Japan's reservoir of industrial leadership and technicians, well-educated and industrious work force, high savings and investment rates, and intensive promotion of industrial development and foreign trade produced a mature industrial economy. Japan has few natural resources, and trade helps it earn the foreign exchange needed to purchase raw materials for its economy.
• The Japanese economy is one of the strongest in the world. Only the USA has a higher GNP. The Japanese currency is the Yen.
• Exports Japan's main export goods are cars, electronic devices and computers. Most important single trade partner is the USA which imports more than one quarter of all Japanese exports. Other major export countries are Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea, China and Singapore.
• Imports Japan has a large surplus in its export/import balance. The most important import goods are raw materials such as oil, foodstuffs, and wood. Major suppliers are the USA, China, Indonesia, South Korea, and Australia.
• Despite its struggles, the Japanese market is still the world's giant. The ratio of imports of raw materials and fuel, including mineral fuels such as crude oil and textile raw materials, to total value of imports was 26 in 2001. Considering that raw materials and fuel accounted for 66 of total imports in 1960, this is a great drop. Conversely, the ratio of finished goods, such as machinery, equipment, and textile goods, has increased.
• The ratio of imports of finished goods to total imports exceeded 50 in 1989 because of increases in imports of machinery from European countries and the U.S., and of home electric appliances and textile goods from Asian countries. This ratio, lower than the 75-80 of Western countries, has led to criticism that Japan's market is closed. In fact, Japan's large imports of natural resources and agricultural products statistically lower the finished-product import ratio.
• (Units USD100 million, )
• The extent and nature of Japan's economic vulnerability to an interruption in the supply of imported raw materials.
• Deposits of gold, magnesium, and silver meet current industrial demands, but Japan is dependent on foreign sources for many of the minerals essential to modern industry. Iron ore, coke, copper, and bauxite must be imported, as must many forest product
• The Japanese steel industry depends entirely on imports for iron ore and coal, the main steelmaking raw materials.
• Iron ore imports in 2005 totaled 132.31 million tons, down 1.9, or 2.57 million tons, from the previous year. Among major suppliers, Australia shipped 81.29 million tons, down 4.9, accounting for 61.4 of all imports. Brazil supplied 27.68 million tons, up 15.6, for a 20.9 share, followed by India, with 10.40 million tons, down 14.3, for a 7.9 share.
• Coal imported in 2005 amounted to 62.79 million tons, down 3.5, or 2.27 million tons, from the previous year. Imports from Australia reached 43.21 million tons, up 3.0, representing 68.8 of all imports. Canada shipped 6.55 million tons, up 22.4, for a 10.4 share, China supplied 5.26 million tons, down 30.8, for an 8.4 share, and Indonesia shipped 1.28 million tons, down 16.3, for a 2.0 share.
• Regarding ferrous scrap, Japan's exports have exceeded its imports since 1996, making the country a net exporter. Ferrous scrap exported from Japan in 2005 totaled 7.58 million tons, hitting a record high for the second straight year. Nearly all of this tonnage was supplied to three countries China, South Korea, and Taiwan.
• With steel demand growing in China and other BRIC markets, steel production is increasing worldwide, making raw materials supply and demand tight. In order to ensure stable supplies of steel products in this situation, Japanese steelmakers are striving to secure raw materials by taking such measures as concluding long-term quantity contracts and acquiring mining rights and interests.
• With supply and demand continuing tight, efforts were made to secure stable supplies of raw materials.
• Japanese Gas Market
• 1 Japans energy consumption is enormous, due to its massive economy
• 2 Japan is one of the worlds poorest countries in terms of natural resources.
• Given its heavy dependence on imported energy, Japan has aimed to diversify its sources. Since the oil shocks of the 1970s, Japan has reduced dependence on petroleum as a source of energy from more than 75 in 1973 to about 57 at present. Other important energy sources are coal, liquefied natural gas, nuclear power, and hydropower. Demand for oil is also dampened by higher government taxes on automobile engines over 2000 cc, as well as on gasoline itself, currently 54 yen per liter sold retail. Kerosene is also used extensively for home heating in portable heaters, especially farther north. Many taxi companies run their fleets on liquefied gas with tanks in the car trunks. A recent success towards greater fuel economy was the introduction of mass-produced Hybrid vehicles.
• Energy Efficiency

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Hot Oceans Worsened Dubai’s Dramatic Flooding, Scientists Say

An international team of researchers found that heavy rains had intensified in the region, though they couldn’t say for sure how much climate change was responsible.

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By Raymond Zhong

Scenes of flood-ravaged neighborhoods in one of the planet’s driest regions stunned the world this month. Heavy rains in the United Arab Emirates and Oman submerged cars, clogged highways and killed at least 21 people. Flights out of Dubai’s airport, a major global hub, were severely disrupted.

The downpours weren’t a total surprise — forecasters had anticipated the storms several days earlier and issued warnings. But they were certainly unusual.

Here’s what to know.

Heavy rain there is rare, but not unheard-of.

On average, the Arabian Peninsula receives a scant few inches of rain a year, although scientists have found that a sizable chunk of that precipitation falls in infrequent but severe bursts, not as periodic showers. These rains often come during El Niño conditions like the ones the world is experiencing now.

U.A.E. officials said the 24-hour rain total on April 16 was the country’s largest since records there began in 1949 . And parts of the nation had already experienced an earlier round of thunderstorms in March.

Oman, with its coastline on the Arabian Sea, is also vulnerable to tropical cyclones. Past storms there have brought torrential rain, powerful winds and mudslides, causing extensive damage.

Global warming is projected to intensify downpours.

Stronger storms are a key consequence of human-caused global warming. As the atmosphere gets hotter, it can hold more moisture, which can eventually make its way down to the earth as rain or snow.

But that doesn’t mean rainfall patterns are changing in precisely the same way across every part of the globe.

In their latest assessment of climate research , scientists convened by the United Nations found there wasn’t enough data to have firm conclusions about rainfall trends in the Arabian Peninsula and how climate change was affecting them. The researchers said, however, that if global warming were to be allowed to continue worsening in the coming decades, extreme downpours in the region would quite likely become more intense and more frequent.

Hot oceans are a big factor.

An international team of scientists has made a first attempt at estimating the extent to which climate change may have contributed to April’s storms. The researchers didn’t manage to pin down the connection precisely, though in their analysis, they did highlight one known driver of heavy rain in the region: above-normal ocean temperatures.

Large parts of the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans have been hotter than usual recently, in part because of El Niño and other natural weather cycles, and in part because of human-induced warming .

When looking only at El Niño years, the scientists estimated that storm events as infrequent as this month’s delivered 10 percent to 40 percent more rain to the region than they would in a world that hadn’t been warmed by human activities. They cautioned, however, that these estimates were highly uncertain.

“Rainfall, in general, is getting more extreme,” said Mansour Almazroui, a climate scientist at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and one of the researchers who contributed to the analysis.

The analysis was conducted by scientists affiliated with World Weather Attribution, a research collaboration that studies extreme weather events shortly after they occur. Their findings about this month’s rains haven’t yet been peer reviewed, but are based on standardized methods .

The role of cloud seeding isn’t clear.

The U.A.E. has for decades worked to increase rainfall and boost water supplies by seeding clouds. Essentially, this involves shooting particles into clouds to encourage the moisture to gather into larger, heavier droplets, ones that are more likely to fall as rain or snow.

Cloud seeding and other rain-enhancement methods have been tried around the world, including in Australia, China, India, Israel, South Africa and the United States. Studies have found that these operations can, at best, affect precipitation modestly — enough to turn a downpour into a bigger downpour, but probably not a drizzle into a deluge.

Still, experts said pinning down how much seeding might have contributed to this month’s storms would require detailed study.

“In general, it is quite a challenge to assess the impact of seeding,” said Luca Delle Monache, a climate scientist at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, Calif. Dr. Delle Monache has been leading efforts to use artificial intelligence to improve the U.A.E.’s rain-enhancement program.

An official with the U.A.E.’s National Center of Meteorology, Omar Al Yazeedi, told news outlets that the agency didn’t conduct any seeding during the latest storms. His statements didn’t make clear, however, whether that was also true in the hours or days before.

Mr. Al Yazeedi didn’t respond to emailed questions from The New York Times, and Adel Kamal, a spokesman for the center, didn’t have further comment.

Cities in dry places just aren’t designed for floods.

Wherever it happens, flooding isn’t just a matter of how much rain comes down. It’s also about what happens to all that water once it’s on the ground — most critically, in the places people live.

Cities in arid regions often aren’t designed to drain very effectively. In these areas, paved surfaces block rain from seeping into the earth below, forcing it into drainage systems that can easily become overwhelmed.

One recent study of Sharjah , the capital of the third-largest emirate in the U.A.E., found that the city’s rapid growth over the past half-century had made it vulnerable to flooding at far lower levels of rain than before.

Omnia Al Desoukie contributed reporting.

Raymond Zhong reports on climate and environmental issues for The Times. More about Raymond Zhong

JAPAN ECONOMY: GDP $4.3T

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• 1. JAPAN ECONOMY 1
• 2. JAPAN Chief of the State Emperor AKIHITO MER DE L’EST Political Regime Constitutional monarchy Capital Tokyo GDP/Cap $34,000 Osaka, Kobe, Nagoya, Main cities Fukuoka, Kitakyushu Source: CIA Fact book 2011 2
• 3. MAIN ECONOMICAL INDICATORS Statistics( 20010) Japan trends Population (millions) 126,475,664 Superficy (km²) 377,915 Median agae 44.8 GDP trillion$ 4.31 trillion Growth 3,9 Pop active 62.97 mi. Unemployment rate 5% Inflation rate 0,7% Exchanges Exports billion$ $ 765.2 Imports billion $ $ 639.1 Finance Investment rate 19.1% GDP Budget -7,7% GDP Official currency YEN Change Euro/JPY 110, 55 Source : OECD, IMF, CIA Source: CIA Fact book 2011 3
• 4. 8 REASONS TO GO TO JAPAN 3rd Biggest economy in the Japan’s 127m consumers world Open economy It is a strategic stepping stone for Easy to reach other Asian markets Leading International Strategic business sectors exhibitions in ASIA 4
• 5. BUSSINES IN JAPAN Bridge nation connecting Asia and the world which contributes to Asia’s growth. Promises a safe, secure and comfortable environment. Large numbers of leading global companies and SMEs with proprietary technologies Japanese consumers are sensitive to fashion and European high quality goods. The economic size of each region within Japan can be compared to one country’s economy. Test marketing before entering Asian markets. It is also a country with “soft power,” which sets trends Best infrastructure in terms of advanced infrastructure Source: CIA Fact book 2011, Jetro, IMF 5
• 6. JAPAN, BUSINESS OUTLOOK Import commodities - partners Export commodities - partners Transport equipment, motor vehicles, Machinery and equipment, fuels, semiconductors, electrical machinery, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, raw chemicals materials China 18.9%, US 16.4%, South Korea China 18.9%, US 16.4%, South Korea 8.1%, Hong Kong 5.5% 8.1%, Hong Kong 5.5 Export – Import revenues Main industries Imports $ 639.1 billion (2010 est.) Motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, Exports $ 765.4 billion (2010 est.) processed foods 6
• 7. JAPAN, MAIN SECTORS Ship industry Textile Machine tools Chemicals Electronics Automobile Food 7
• 9. Please contact our nearest or local office for your general enquiries: Stockholm Paris Address: Pipersgatan 26, 11228, Stockholm Address: 7, rue dahomey, 75011, Paris Phone: + 46 707 72 85 27 Phone: +33 607 52 81 76 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Copenhagen Milan Address: Njalsgade 15, 2300, Copenhagen Address: Via Monte Leone 22, Milan Phone: +45 21 74 97 68 Phone: .+39 34 08 97 50 70 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] www.columdae.com 9

Japanese Economy

Jul 21, 2014

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Japanese Economy. “ Abenomics ” is progressing!. 4 th of July, 2014. Yoshinori NARAZAKI. Embassy of Japan in Luxembourg. Japan as a huge market . World’s Third largest economy(2013) United States 17.4 trillion $ China 9.2 Japan 4.9

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• substantial increase
• higher wages
• labor market reform
• preliminary estimates
• outside directors stock buy

Presentation Transcript

Japanese Economy “Abenomics” is progressing! 4th of July, 2014 Yoshinori NARAZAKI Embassy of Japan in Luxembourg

Japan as a huge market • World’s Third largest economy(2013) United States 17.4 trillion $ China 9.2 Japan 4.9 Germany 3.6 France 2.7 • Population - 126 million - world’s tenth • GDP per capita – 38,410 $

The Challenges of Japanese Economy • 15 years of deflation • Long-lasting economic stagnation • Large national debt

“Abenomics” and “the three arrows” • Japan must manage its national debt while maintaining its social security system, which is under growing pressure due to the aging population. • Robust economic growth is therefore essential to resolve this dilemma. Since taking office in late 2012, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has taken an initiative of a decisive economic strategy consisting of three pillars, dubbed “the three arrows”.

Three arrows of “Abenomics” "Price Stability Target" of 2 Percent About 10 trillion yen emergency economic measures, etc Double the monetary base, etc

Third Arrow - structural reform of the economy – Key concepts(1) • Promotion of Investment -Bold regulatory and institutional reform, bold tax incentives for capital investment • Strengthen Utilization of Human Resource -Support the advancement of women’s roles in the workforce • Creation of New Markets -Expand the market size of health care, disease prevention and other life-related industry -Expand PPP/PFI

Third Arrow - structural reform of the economy – Key concepts(2) • Global Economic Integration • Promote integration with the global economy through foreign direct investment • Promote economic cooperation such as TPP and the Japan-EU EPA • Establish the National Strategic Special Zones

You already see emerging changes

+6.7% (2nd Preliminary Estimates)

Decreasing Unemployment Rate Unemployment rate now stands at 3.5% in May

More positive changes • More capital investment [2014 1Q: 21.0%(annual Q/Q); 8.4%(Y/Y)] • Higher wages decided [average wage increase: 2.2%] • Changes in corporate culture in Japan [e.g. substantial increase in outside directors/stock buy-backs]

Overview of the Revision of Japan Revitalization Strategy Revised in 24 June 2014

Revised New Growth Strategy • Examples of new measures; • Pro-growth corporate tax reform -reduce the percentage level of the effective corporate tax rate down to the twenties in several years • Labor Market Reform -a new working-hour system under which payments will be made based on the outcomes rather than the hours worked

Strong will to go through • “Growth Strategy is progressing without stopping” • “There is neither taboo nor sanctuary for growth strategy of Abenomics. There is only one thing, the strong will to go through persistently”

Short videos which will give you some hints for doing business in Japan • Attention to detail • Japan to the World You can find these videos, and some others through the website below. http://japan.kantei.go.jp/letters/charms/list.html

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