cultural tourism case study

UN Tourism | Bringing the world closer

Ethics, culture and social responsibility.

• Global Code of Ethics for Tourism
• Accessible Tourism

Tourism and Culture

• Women’s Empowerment and Tourism

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The convergence between tourism and culture, and the increasing interest of visitors in cultural experiences, bring unique opportunities but also complex challenges for the tourism sector.

“Tourism policies and activities should be conducted with respect for the artistic, archaeological and cultural heritage, which they should protect and pass on to future generations; particular care should be devoted to preserving monuments, worship sites, archaeological and historic sites as well as upgrading museums which must be widely open and accessible to tourism visits”

UN Tourism Framework Convention on Tourism Ethics

Article 7, paragraph 2

This webpage provides UN Tourism resources aimed at strengthening the dialogue between tourism and culture and an informed decision-making in the sphere of cultural tourism. It also promotes the exchange of good practices showcasing inclusive management systems and innovative cultural tourism experiences .  

About Cultural Tourism

According to the definition adopted by the UN Tourism General Assembly, at its 22nd session (2017), Cultural Tourism implies “A type of tourism activity in which the visitor’s essential motivation is to learn, discover, experience and consume the tangible and intangible cultural attractions/products in a tourism destination. These attractions/products relate to a set of distinctive material, intellectual, spiritual and emotional features of a society that encompasses arts and architecture, historical and cultural heritage, culinary heritage, literature, music, creative industries and the living cultures with their lifestyles, value systems, beliefs and traditions”. UN Tourism provides support to its members in strengthening cultural tourism policy frameworks, strategies and product development . It also provides guidelines for the tourism sector in adopting policies and governance models that benefit all stakeholders, while promoting and preserving cultural elements.

Recommendations for Cultural Tourism Key Players on Accessibility 

UN Tourism , Fundación ONCE and UNE issued in September 2023, a set of guidelines targeting key players of the cultural tourism ecosystem, who wish to make their offerings more accessible.

The key partners in the drafting and expert review process were the ICOMOS International Cultural Tourism Committee and the European Network for Accessible Tourism (ENAT) . The ICOMOS experts’ input was key in covering crucial action areas where accessibility needs to be put in the spotlight, in order to make cultural experiences more inclusive for all people.

This guidance tool is also framed within the promotion of the ISO Standard ISO 21902 , in whose development UN Tourism had one of the leading roles.

Download here the English and Spanish version of the Recommendations.

Compendium of Good Practices in Indigenous Tourism

The report is primarily meant to showcase good practices championed by indigenous leaders and associations from the Region. However, it also includes a conceptual introduction to different aspects of planning, management and promotion of a responsible and sustainable indigenous tourism development.

The compendium also sets forward a series of recommendations targeting public administrations, as well as a list of tips promoting a responsible conduct of tourists who decide to visit indigenous communities.

For downloads, please visit the UN Tourism E-library page: Download in English - Download in Spanish .

Weaving the Recovery - Indigenous Women in Tourism

This initiative, which gathers UN Tourism , t he World Indigenous Tourism Alliance (WINTA) , Centro de las Artes Indígenas (CAI) and the NGO IMPACTO , was selected as one of the ten most promising projects amoung 850+ initiatives to address the most pressing global challenges. The project will test different methodologies in pilot communities, starting with Mexico , to enable indigenous women access markets and demonstrate their leadership in the post-COVID recovery.

This empowerment model , based on promoting a responsible tourism development, cultural transmission and fair-trade principles, will represent a novel community approach with a high global replication potential.

Visit the Weaving the Recovery - Indigenous Women in Tourism project webpage.

Inclusive Recovery of Cultural Tourism

The release of the guidelines comes within the context of the International Year of Creative Economy for Sustainable Development 2021 , a UN initiative designed to recognize how culture and creativity, including cultural tourism, can contribute to advancing the SDGs.  

UN Tourism Inclusive Recovery Guide, Issue 4: Indigenous Communities

Sustainable Development of Indigenous Tourism

The Recommendations on Sustainable Development of Indigenous Tourism provide guidance to tourism stakeholders to develop their operations in a responsible and sustainable manner within those indigenous communities that wish to:

• Open up to tourism development, or
• Improve the management of the existing tourism experiences within their communities.

They were prepared by the UN Tourism Ethics, Culture and Social Responsibility Department in close consultation with indigenous tourism associations, indigenous entrepreneurs and advocates. The Recommendations were endorsed by the World Committee on Tourism Ethics and finally adopted by the UN Tourism General Assembly in 2019, as a landmark document of the Organization in this sphere.

Who are these Recommendations targeting?

• Tour operators and travel agencies
• Tour guides
• Indigenous communities
• Other stakeholders such as governments, policy makers and destinations

The Recommendations address some of the key questions regarding indigenous tourism:

Download PDF:

• Recommendations on Sustainable Development of Indigenous Tourism
• Recomendaciones sobre el desarrollo sostenible del turismo indígena, ESP

UN Tourism/UNESCO World Conferences on Tourism and Culture

The UN Tourism/UNESCO World Conferences on Tourism and Culture bring together Ministers of Tourism and Ministers of Culture with the objective to identify key opportunities and challenges for a stronger cooperation between these highly interlinked fields. Gathering tourism and culture stakeholders from all world regions the conferences which have been hosted by Cambodia, Oman, Türkiye and Japan have addressed a wide range of topics, including governance models, the promotion, protection and safeguarding of culture, innovation, the role of creative industries and urban regeneration as a vehicle for sustainable development in destinations worldwide.

Fourth UN Tourism/UNESCO World Conference on Tourism and Culture: Investing in future generations. Kyoto, Japan. 12-13 December 2019 Kyoto Declaration on Tourism and Culture: Investing in future generations ( English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian and Japanese )

Third UN Tourism/UNESCO World Conference on Tourism and Culture : For the Benefit of All. Istanbul, Türkiye. 3 -5 December 2018 Istanbul Declaration on Tourism and Culture: For the Benefit of All ( English , French , Spanish , Arabic , Russian )

Second UN Tourism/UNESCO World Conference’s on Tourism and Culture: Fostering Sustainable Development. Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. 11-12 December 2017 Muscat Declaration on Tourism and Culture: Fostering Sustainable Development ( English , French , Spanish , Arabic , Russian )

First UN Tourism/UNESCO World Conference’s on Tourism and Culture: Building a new partnership. Siem Reap, Cambodia. 4-6 February 2015 Siem Reap Declaration on Tourism and Culture – Building a New Partnership Model ( English )

UN Tourism Study on Tourism and Intangible Cultural Heritage  

The first UN Tourism Study on Tourism and Intangible Cultural Heritage provides comprehensive baseline research on the interlinkages between tourism and the expressions and skills that make up humanity’s intangible cultural heritage (ICH). 

Through a compendium of case studies drawn from across five continents, the report offers in-depth information on, and analysis of, government-led actions, public-private partnerships and community initiatives.

These practical examples feature tourism development projects related to six pivotal areas of ICH: handicrafts and the visual arts; gastronomy; social practices, rituals and festive events; music and the performing arts; oral traditions and expressions; and, knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe.

Highlighting innovative forms of policy-making, the UN Tourism Study on Tourism and Intangible Cultural Heritage recommends specific actions for stakeholders to foster the sustainable and responsible development of tourism by incorporating and safeguarding intangible cultural assets.

UN Tourism Study on Tourism and Intangible Cultural Heritage

• UN Tourism Study
• Summary of the Study

Studies and research on tourism and culture commissioned by UN Tourism

• Tourism and Culture Synergies, 2018
• UN Tourism Study on Tourism and Intangible Cultural Heritage, 2012
• Big Data in Cultural Tourism – Building Sustainability and Enhancing Competitiveness (e-unwto.org)

Outcomes from the UN Tourism Affiliate Members World Expert Meeting on Cultural Tourism, Madrid, Spain, 1–2 December 2022

UN Tourism and the Region of Madrid – through the Regional Ministry of Culture, Tourism, and Sports – held the World Expert Meeting on Cultural Tourism in Madrid on 1 and 2 December 2022. The initiative reflects the alliance and common commitment of the two partners to further explore the bond between tourism and culture. This publication is the result of the collaboration and discussion between the experts at the meeting, and subsequent contributions.

Relevant Links

• 3RD UN Tourism/UNESCO WORLD CONFERENCE ON TOURISM AND CULTURE ‘FOR THE BENEFIT OF ALL’

Photo credit of the Summary's cover page:  www.banglanatak.com

Culture, Tourism, and Sustainability (Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Tourism, Social Sustainability of Tourism, Socio-cultural Sustainability of Tourism)

• Reference work entry
• First Online: 22 November 2023
• pp 1083–1089
• Cite this reference work entry

• Nil Sonuç 7  

Definition and Conceptual Framework

The relationship of culture, tourism, and sustainability in other words, social or socio-cultural sustainability of tourism including sustainable cultural heritage management for tourism is basically constructed upon the vulnerable and sensitive issues related to people: their values, their history, identity and living styles, their behaviors, attitudes, perceptions; their acceptance or rejection levels; and their emotions towards tourism.

The socio-culturally sustainable tourism system is comprised of all these “people” issues given priority while ensuring the “well-being” and “quality of life” of all stakeholders being involved to some extent, in the exchange of tourism products and services. In this system, the benefits provided by tourism and the costs incurred by the stakeholders concerned are to be conducted at tolerance limits for inhabitants (or beneficiaries) who are involved in decision-making and serving and users (or tourists).

The given...

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Sonuç, N. (2023). Culture, Tourism, and Sustainability (Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Tourism, Social Sustainability of Tourism, Socio-cultural Sustainability of Tourism). In: Idowu, S.O., Schmidpeter, R., Capaldi, N., Zu, L., Del Baldo, M., Abreu, R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainable Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25984-5_457

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Sustainable tourism and harmonious culture: a case study of cultic model at village tourism

I P Astawa 1 , N N Triyuni 1 and I D M C Santosa 2

Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd Journal of Physics: Conference Series , Volume 953 , The 2nd International Joint Conference on Science and Technology (IJCST) 2017 27–28 September 2017, Bali, Indonesia Citation I P Astawa et al 2018 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 953 012057 DOI 10.1088/1742-6596/953/1/012057

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1 Tourism Department, State Polytechnic of Bali

2 Mechanical Engineering Department, State Polytechnic of Bali Jl. Kampus, Bukit Jimbaran, Badung, Bali, Indonesia

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The research aims to analyze an event model of Culture and Tourism International Camp (Cultic) from two aspects, harmonious culture and sustainable tourism. Currently, Indonesian government promotes village tourism by involving more villagers to achieve village independence in its development. The program has faced various obstacles, such as the eroded local cultures due to the development of a massive and money-oriented tourism with less attention on the environmental damage. One of the offered programs is a green tourism model for an event named Culture and Tourism International Camps – Cultic. The research is conducted in several stages. The first stage is the development of model based on the theoretical study. The second stage is the implementation of the model with 85 participants. The third stage is the evaluation of the model through harmonious culture and sustainable tourism approaches. The data is collected through a direct observation and a questionnaire. The result of qualitative analysis indicates that the developed event model supports the harmonious culture, especially the natural environment. Whereas, the result of quantitative analysis indicates that the participants enjoy the activities, such as green food, material natural, waste management, and ecosystem. Another finding is that the community strongly supports the concept of sustainable tourism.

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Factors Influencing the Implementation of Tourism Culture: A Case Study

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This paper aims to find out the problems of implementing a Tourism Village by analyzing the factors that influence it. The research was conducted at the tourist attraction of Mount Limestone Hot Springs in Ciseeng District, Bogor Regency, West Java Province, which has been around for a long time but has not been able to attract tourists. The research sample consisted of 140 members of the community living around the tourism object, taken randomly. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires and analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) program. The results of the study show that the implementation of tourism villages is positively influenced by factors such as tourism potential, the role of the government, the availability of infrastructure, the involvement of private industry, and community involvement. It is suggested that all factors with the strongest indicators contained therein need to be considered for the development of this tourism object. It is also necessary to develop a tourism area around this area, which is adjacent to it, in a holistically integrated manner because it has the potential for attraction to support successful tourism development.

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Marhanani Tri Astuti, Researcher of Center Research for Industrial, Service & Trade Economic Research, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia

Marhanani Tri Astuti is a principal researcher at the Researcher of Center Research for Industrial, Service & Trade Economic Research, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia. Has a doctoral educational background in the field of communication science. Several articles were published in the form of books and scientific journals, both national and international. Actively conducting research in the field of tourism development. Initially working as a researcher at the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy of the Republic of Indonesia, then since 2022, he has joined the National Research and Innovation Agency

Diyan Putranto, Lecturer of Sahid Tourism Polytechnic, Jakarta, Indonesia

Diyan Putranto is a Lecturer at Sahid Tourism Polytechnic, Jakarta, Indonesia. Has a doctoral educational background in the scientific field of business administration. Several articles have been published in the form of books and scientific journals, both national and international. Actively conducting research in the field of tourism development and tourism marketing.

Iskandar Agung, Researcher of Center Research of Education, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia

Iskandar Agung is a research professor at the Research Center for Education, Research Organization for Social and Humanities, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia. Has a doctoral educational background in the scientific field of Education Management. Several articles were published in the form of books and scientific journals, both national and international. Actively conducting research in the fields of education, social and tourism. Initially working as a researcher at the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, then since 2022, he has joined the National Research and Innovation Agency

Abdul Kadir Ahmad, Researcher of Center Research of Education, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia

Abdul Kadir Ahmad was the first Expert Researcher in the Research Center for Education, Research Organization for Social and Humanities, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia. His current research interests include education management and religious education. Doctoral candidate in education at the University of Ibn Khaldun Bogor. Initially working at the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Education Management, then since 2022, he has switched to the National Research and Innovation Agency

Lisa'diyah Ma'rifataini, Researcher of Center Research of Education, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia

Lisa’diyah Ma’rifataini works as a Main Expert Researcher at the Research Center for Education, Research Organization for Social and Humanities, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia. Her current research area of interest includes education management and religious education. Completed his master's degree, majoring in Educational Research and Evaluation at UHAMKA in 2010. Previously, he was an employee at the Ministry of Religion from 1993 to 2021 as a researcher at the Research and Development Center, Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia, then switched to the National Research and Innovation Agency in 2022.

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