how to address a phd doctor

How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name

—- For more on the the use of Port-Nominal Abbreviations , see that page . —- For more on use of an Honorary Doctorate , see that page . How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name

Here are the forms to use when addressing a person addressed as Dr. See the discussion below “How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name 1-2-3-4-5” for more information on who typically does use Dr. as part of their name and who does not.

—- Envelope or address block on letter or email to their office/place of work: ——– (Full Name), (Post-nominal abbreviation for doctorate held). ——– ( Name of office/place of work if  appropriate) ——– (Address)

—- Social/Personal envelope: ——– Dr. (Full Name) ——– (Address)

—- Salutation – for both official & social: ——– Dear Dr. (Surname):  How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name

Robert Hickey author of “Honor & Respect”

How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name: 1-2-3-4-5

—- #1) Holders of doctorates who work in academia or research institutions are addressed as ‘Dr. (Name)’ professionally and socially in a salutation or conversation. Thus, a Ph.D. professor at a college, a Ph.D. in biology doing scientific research, and a Ph.D. principal at an elementary school all use Dr. (Name) and everybody thinks it is normal.

—- NOTE: At some universities it is traditional to address faculty holding of academic doctorates as ‘Mr. (Name)’ or ‘Professor (Name)’ and not to address as ‘Dr. (Name)’. For those outside the academic community it is acceptable to follow the insider’s rule or to address holders of doctorates as ‘Dr. (Name)’ in writing or oral address.

—- #2) Protestant clergy with doctorates are addressed as ‘Dr. (Name)’ in a salutation or conversation. I specify ‘Protestant’ here because not all clergy is. For example, neither priests – addressed in a salutation or conversation as Father [Name] – nor rabbis – addressed as Rabbi [Name] –  holding doctorates are ever addressed as Dr. [Name] . In a salutation or conversation they stick with Father[Name] and Rabbi [Name].

—- #3) Holders of doctorates who work outside academia or research don’t always prefer to be addressed as ‘Dr. (Name)’. in a salutation or conversation. —- —- A) In the USA ‘Dr.’ may be used depending on the work environment and/or when the degree isn’t pertinent to the conversation. E.g., a Ph.D. in finance working at a bank or a Ph.D. in American history working in software development are not likely to insist on being addressed as ‘ Dr. (Name)’ . But always ask for their preference. Use of, or omitting, the honorific can be a sensitive issue to some individuals! —- —- B) And, outside the U.S.A. everyone holding a doctorate will want to be addressed as ‘Dr. (Name)’ in every instance.

—- #4) In hospitals and healthcare environments historically there was a practice that only physicians (medical doctors, osteopaths, dentists, podiatrists, veterinarians, etc. ) are addressed as ‘Dr. (Name)’. This was explained to be out of consideration for the patients who want to know who ‘the doctors’ are and who are nurses and allied healthcare professionals.

—- That made for some unhappy professionals who earned doctorates in hospital administration, pharmacy, physical therapy and nursing, etc. – who felt they too were properly addressed as ‘Dr. (Name)’ . It’s my understanding that today all the holders of doctorates are addressed as Dr. (Name) and hospitals (etc.) have figured out other ways to define which doctor is a physician, which is a physical therapist and which is a nurse anesthetist.

—- #5) All that said, ultimately how one is addressed by others is up to the individual and usually everyone goes along. For example, if you and I meet a woman who identifies herself as ‘Monsignor Alice’ … I think it is unlikely she’s a Roman Catholic Monsignor. And, it’s unusual she has only one name, like Pink, Rhianna, Sting, Cher, or Madonna. But we should directly address her in conversation as ‘Monsignor Alice,’ it’s nice to meet you …’ because that’s what she says her name is. How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name

—- But, when she’s out of range, we will all be talking about her.

—- —- – Robert Hickey

Related Healthcare Links -V — — Chiropractor / Doctor of Chiropractic Medicine -V — — Dentist / Doctor of Dentistry -V — — Medical Doctor / Doctor of Medicine -V — — Military Physician / Armed Services -V — — Optometrist / Doctor of Optometry -V — — Osteopath / Doctor of Osteopathy -V — — Podiatrist / Doctor of Podiatry -V — — Veterinarian / Doctor of Veterinary Medicine

More Related Healthcare Links: -V — — Person holding a doctorate -V — — Pharmacist / Doctor of Pharmacy -V — — Psychologist -V — — Therapist

Related Links: —- —- —- Principal —- —- —- Headmaster —- —- —- President College University —- —- —- President of a School —- —- —- Chancellor —- —- —- Professor

When To Use Dr. (Name) and When To Use (Name), Ph.D.?

My daughter is receiving her Ph.D. and will be teaching. I would like to give her a name plate for her desk. Should it be ‘Dr. (Full Name)’ or ‘(Full Name), Ph.D. ‘? ——————- – AP

Dear AP,   How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name

‘(Full Name), Ph.D.’ is the official form of her name. You will use it on the envelope, or in the address block of a letter, when you write to her with regard to her professional pursuits. This is the form the university will use when she is listed among the faculty. It is used by the degree holder, when specifying the exact degree is pertinent – like on business cards or in a list of academics.

‘Dr. (Full Name)’ is the social form of her name. You will use it when you write her name on a personal letter’s envelope, e.g., one sent to her home. This is the form everyone will use on the envelope when they send her a birthday or holiday card. It is rarely used by the degree holder since one does not correctly give oneself an honorific. The degree holder – in their signature or when introducing him or herself – just uses their name … no ‘Dr.’ It’s up to the other person to add the ‘Dr.’ E.g., I just introduce myself as ‘Robert Hickey’ – never ‘Mr. Robert Hickey.’

Sometimes you will observe a physician in a healthcare setting introducing him or herself as ‘Dr. (Name)’ – but there it is for the patient’s benefit to know they are the physician in a field of people wearing seemingly identical white coats!

‘Dr. (Surname)’ is the conversational form of her name. Use it both officially and socially in a letter’s salutation as well as in oral conversation.

So, for an office name plate use the official form of her name – (Full Name), Ph.D.

– Robert Hickey

Doctors present the official form of their name to the public:  (Full Name) (Pertinent post-nominals for the service offered).   The social form of their name does not include their degree: Dr. (Full Name).   In both official and social salutations and conversations patients use Dr. (Name).

If My Doctorate is in Music, am I ‘Dr.’?

I hold a DMA, Doctorate in Music, from a Boston university and am a Church Music Director. Please could you advise me as to whether it is acceptable for the church where I work to list me in the service bulletins as: ‘Dr. (First name) + (Last name) ‘? —————- – CJ

Dear CJ: How to Use a Doctorate with your Name It is correct to list yourself in the bulletin using the professional form of your name … (First name) + (Last name), DMA.    It specifies your academic credential in your professional domain.

Among protestant denominations many address their clergy with a doctorate orally and in a salutation as  Dr. (Surname).   If your church is one of those, and it is your preference is to be Dr. (Surnhttps://formsofaddress.info/wp-admin/post.php?post=13983&action=edit#ame), tell everyone that it is your preference to be addressed Dr. (Surname).

Usually academics and researchers who go by Dr. (Surname) professionally – use Dr. (Surname)  socially. But ultimately whether a particular Ph.D. holder is ‘Dr. (Name)’ socially … especially outside of healthcare, academia or research … is at the preference of the bearer. Some insist, some don’t care, others say they answer to anything they are called. Ultimately your name belongs to you and if you want to be Dr. (Surname), then it’s your right to request everyone address you that way.

– Robert Hickey   How to Use a Doctorate with your Name

May I Call Myself Dr. (Name)  if my Degree Is Not Related to the Service I Offer?

I have a Ph.D. and license in counseling. Recently I sent out an announcement for a yoga class I will be teaching. The state of Colorado says I should not teach yoga as   “Dr. (Name)”. How can I convince them I can? ——– – Kevin S., Ph.D., L.P.C., C.M.T., I.K.Y.T.A. ,  Counseling, Yoga Therapy, Integrative Health & Healing

Dear Dr. Kevin, How to Use a Doctorate with your Name

Your Ph.D. is in a field not related to the service you are offering.

A couple of typical practices I observe in the USA come to mind:

Professionals use with their name the degrees pertinent to their profession service. The degrees and certifications are provided for the benefit of the public so the public can quickly evaluate your credentials.

Here’s what I mean by pertinent . A pastor who would be the Reverend (Full Name)  & Pastor (Name) at church on Sundays, would not use the Reverend (Full Name) & Pastor (Name)  when teaching English Monday through Friday, at the local high school. That he or she is the Reverend  might be mentioned in a complete biography or introduction. It just isn’t part of his/her name at school.

So, I can see if you are using ‘Dr. (Name)’ when offering a class in yoga, and your doctorate is not directly to the service you are offering, say a doctorate physical therapy or kinesthetics …. it would be confusing to me … and the state officials must think it is misleading to the public.

– Robert Hickey How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name

Should I Use Dr. or Ph.D. on an Invitation?

If a person holds a Ph.D., should his or her name be ‘Dr. (name)’ a wedding invitation? Or ‘( Name), Ph.D.’ ?  Is this true for the father of the bride?  The groom?  Is the rule for names on wedding invitations and wedding envelopes different that the guidelines for social correspondence? ————– – Beverly Russell, Winchester, Virginia

Dear Ms. Russell: Wedding invitations and their envelopes are social correspondence. Post-nominal abbreviations ( Ph.D. is a post nominal abbreviation) aren’t used on social correspondence:

—- —- DON’T use Ph.D.

—- —- DO use Dr. (Name)

Another question that typically comes up is whether to use Doctor or Dr. (spelled out or abbreviated) on the invitation or on the mailing envelope?

The rule is to spell out everything and not to use abbreviations unless space is an issue.

But, Mr., Mrs., Dr., and Ms. (for which there is no spelled-out version) are typically used on invitations and when addressing invitations in even the most formal circles. I think ‘Doctor (Name)’ looks oh-so-highly precious, but I know some wedding planners who would wrestle me to the mat on that one.

When Should You Use the Forms on this Page?

You can use these forms of address for any mode of communication: addressing a letter, invitation, card or Email. (If there are differences between the official and social forms of address, I will have mentioned the different forms.)  The form noted in the salutation is the same form you say when you say their name in conversation or when you greet them. ___ What I don’t cover on this site are  many things I do cover in my book: all the rules of forms of address, about names, international titles, precedence, complimentary closes, details on invitations, place cards, all sorts of introductions , etc. I hope you’ll get a copy of the book if you’d like the further detail.

Not Finding Your Answer?

—- #1)    At right  on desktops , at the bottom of every page on tablets and phones , is a list of all the offices, officials & topics covered on the site.

—- #2)   If you don’t see the official you seek included or your question answered send me an e-mail . I am pretty fast at sending a reply: usually the next day or so  (unless I am traveling.)   Note: I don’t have mailing or Email addresses for any of the officials and I don’t keep track of offices that exist only in history books.

—- #3)   If I think your question is of interest to others, Sometimes I post the question  – but always change all the specifics.

— Robert Hickey 

Recommended Resources:    The Protocol School of Washington (PSOW)  and  Protocol and Diplomacy International – Protocol Officers Association (PDI-POA)     For more information see the Protocol Resources page.

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How to Properly Address a PhD

By: Author Dr. Patrick Capriola

Posted on Published: February 5, 2021

Honorifics play an important role in the English language. Not only do honorifics signify rank, but they help to convey courtesy and respect. In academia, honorifics are especially important, so it’s vital to address someone correctly. Many people wonder if they should address a PhD as doctor.

You should address a PhD with the honorific term “Doctor,” followed by their name in both spoken and written situations. The term strictly applies to anyone who has obtained a PhD degree, MD (Doctor of Medicine), or JD (Doctor of Law). English derives the honorific “Doctor” from the Latin word docere, which means “to teach,” and it applies to a PhD because they have reached a level where they can teach others.

Honorifics exist across all languages and cultures and are significant when using and understanding a language. Who should have the title of “Doctor” is widely debated by the academic world, revealing just how important honorifics are in modern-day English.

What Is a PhD?

A PhD is also known as a Doctor of Philosophy. A PhD is considered a terminal degree in the academic world, which means that the person has obtained the highest formal degree in a specific field ( source ). 

A Doctor of Philosophy is considered to be the traditional doctoral degree. However, over the years, many other types of doctoral degrees have been introduced. Examples of these include the EdD, a Doctor of Education, and DBA, a Doctor of Business ( source ).

Furthermore, a Doctor of Philosophy is considered an academic degree, while other types of doctorates are deemed professional degrees.

If you are considering pursuing a PhD, then you may be interested in exploring this article, “ How to Set and Follow Through on Academic Goals; Examples for Success .”

How and When to Use the Honorific “Dr.”

The honorific “Doctor” or “Dr.” should be used when addressing someone with a PhD, whether via written or verbal correspondence, and it applies to both males and females.

People working towards a PhD, also known as an ABD (All but Dissertation), should not be given the title of “Doctor.” Instead, you should refer to them as “Mr.” or “Ms.” until they have officially completed their PhD.

Undoubtedly, the candidate who has earned their doctorate has worked hard, so it is understandable why they deserve to be addressed correctly. 

The Prenominal and Postnominal

When discussing the subject of addressing someone with a PhD, it’s vital to consider the prenominal “Dr.” and the postnominal “PhD.”

Dr . Douglas Ferguson (Dr. is the pronominal)

Douglas Ferguson, PhD (PhD is the postnominal)

When someone earns the title of “Dr.,” they lose the previous honorifics they may have carried, such as “Mr.” or “Ms.”

A postnominal and pronominal are never used together at the same time.

Furthermore, when discussing these terms grammatically, the prenominal is used in the third person, while the postnominal is most often used in the first person. However, this may change depending on the context.

Written 

In academic circles, a considerable amount of correspondence is done via email and the written word. If you want to send a letter addressed to someone with a PhD, such as a cover letter, you use the prenominal “Dr.” 

When writing in a formal or professional context, you do not need to include the first name.

Dear Dr. Fergsuon, I hope this email finds you well.

In written correspondence, if you are receiving an email from someone with a PhD, they may choose to sign off with either the prenominal or the postnominal.

Regards, Dr . Douglas Ferguson

Regards, Douglas Ferguson, PhD

If you are uncertain, check your previous correspondence with them. Most people will have a footer at the end of their email, which tells you their qualifications. 

When addressing a person with a PhD verbally, you never use the postnominal.  

Good morning Dr . Ferguson

Dr . Ferguson, I have a question regarding the upcoming exams.

That was an interesting lecture today, Dr . Ferguson.

When Is It “Dr.” and When Is It “Professor?”

Whether to use the term “Dr.” or “Prof.” will depend on several factors. “Professor” is a higher rank than “Dr.”

However, the title only exists within a university context. Someone with a PhD will always hold the title of “Doctor”; however, they would still have to meet other commitments to become a Professor.

It is important to remember that not all those with the title “Professor” have a PhD, so the terms aren’t always exchangeable. 

Often the person lecturing you will indicate how they wish to be addressed. They may want you to call them “Dr.” or “Prof.” or even by their first names. However, it is not recommended to call someone by their first name unless requested to do so.

If a person has a doctorate, the general rule is to call them “Dr.,” whether they are lecturing you or not.

When it is appropriate to use the term ‘Professor’ differs from country to country. In America and Canada, anyone lecturing is generally granted the name “Professor” despite factors such as seniority and tenure.

However, in countries such as the UK and Germany, only full-time professors may be called “Professor.”

The list of academic ranks changes from country to country, but we can examine three examples to get a general idea.

United States

• Distinguished, Endowed, or University Professor
• Associate Professor
• Assistant Professor
• Master Instructor
• Senior Instructor
• Lecturer/Research Associate
• Part-time Lecturer

United Kingdom

• Distinguished Professor/Chair
• Full Professor/Reader
• Senior Lecturer/Associate Professor
• Assistant Lecturer/Clinical Lecturer 
• Associate Lecturer/Teaching Assistant/Departmental lecturer

South Africa

• Full Professor
• Senior Lecturer
• Junior Lecturer

Honorifics in English

An English honorific refers to a prefix that occurs before a person’s name ( source ). Honorifics are not considered to be positions or titles that can appear without the person’s name, for example, the Queen or the President.

In English, honorifics are also often used to distinguish between males and females. However, some honorifics, such as “Dr.” and “General,” apply to both males and females.

This is because when these honorifics were first used, only males were able to obtain said titles.

Honorifics are an essential part of the English Language and must be used when formally addressing people, whether it be verbal or written. 

Who Should Be Called “Doctor”?

In the Canadian Medical Association Journal, Dr. James P. Winter, a professor at the University of Windsor, argues that those with a PhD are the only ones who are entitled to be called “Doctor.”

In his argument, Winter poses some interesting questions concerning the evolution of the word “Doctor” and how it has changed over the last 700 years.

Winter argues that due to inappropriate use, the term “Doctor” has become overused and underappreciated.

Winters stated that in many countries, such as Canada, healthcare professionals who don’t have a medical degree, such as pharmacists, are allowed to call themselves “Doctor.”

Winters looks at the term from both a historical and linguistic point of view to support his argument. As the term “Doctor” is adopted from the Latin word docere, meaning “to teach,” those with the title should be teaching others. He argues that teaching others is not common practice outside of academia.

Furthermore, he argues that the title of “Doctor” originated in the 1300s when it was only used to describe distinguished scholars. 

Winter goes on to state that PhDs are the highest degree that anyone can obtain from a university, while many health professionals only achieve undergraduate degrees. He considers MDs to be professional degrees and not truly doctorates. 

He concludes that PhDs are the only “real” doctors as dictated by linguists and history. Many academics share Winter’s feelings, with many PhD holders feeling that they have earned the right to be called “Doctor.”

Dr. Fern Riddle, a historian and author, started a debate on Twitter in 2018 when she claimed she wanted only to be referred to only as “Doctor” rather than “Ms.” or “Miss” because she had earned her authority ( source ).

Her opinions received backlash when people called her arrogant and entitled. Yet, many female PhD holders prefer to be called “Doctor.”This is because it illustrates their achievement and status irrespective of whether they are married. 

Those in the medical field argue that the term “Doctor” is significant because it makes patients feel at ease. As such, any health professional who is helping someone should be allowed to bear the honorific ( source ). 

Who should rightfully be called “Doctor” is a topic that is continuously debated.

The reality is that the term “Doctor” has changed over the years to encompass a much wider circle of people. This includes not only professionals and academics but males and females. 

Whatever your perspective, it is clear that the title of “Doctor” is still much sought after and revered, and that is not likely to change anytime soon.

Final Thoughts

Those who have obtained a PhD have done so by working hard and dedicating years of their life to academia. As such, it is important when dealing with someone who has a PhD that you address them correctly.

The term “Doctor” and to whom it is applied is constantly changing from country to country. It remains to be seen who else will be awarded the title in the future and how those who hold the title will react to its evolution.

Universities vs. University’s: Understanding the Difference between Plural and Possessive

Sunday 21st of February 2021

[…] For an article on how to properly address a Ph.D., make sure you read our article on this subject. […]

How to Correctly Use the Titles Dr. & PhD With a Name

How to Reference a Person With a PhD

When someone has earned a Doctor of Philosophy, or Ph.D., degree, that person is subsequently referred to as “doctor” in formal speech. The same is true of a person who is a medical doctor, psychologist, dentist or veterinarian. In formal speech, that person should be referred to as “doctor.” However, the rules are different in written form when addressing someone who is called “doctor” in formal speech. In written form, the titles “Dr.” and “Ph.D.” are not interchangeable.

Determine the Type of Doctor

First, you should identify what type of doctor you are addressing. Doctors of medicine and psychology, doctors of dentistry and doctors of veterinary medicine must be addressed differently in comparison to academic doctors who have earned a Doctor of Philosophy doctoral degree. Be advised that there are different types of doctoral degrees. A Doctor of Philosophy degree is just one kind of doctoral degree. There’s also, for example, a Doctor of Education doctoral degree and a Doctor of Psychology doctoral degree. The titles associated with the various doctoral degrees are not interchangeable. Only a person who has earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree should be addressed as Ph.D.

Addressing a Doctor in Writing

Place the title of “Dr.” before the name of a person who is a doctor of medicine or psychology, doctor of dentistry, or doctor of veterinary medicine. For example Dr. George Ross. Always write the word “doctor” in its abbreviated form when it goes before the person’s name. Never write, for example, Doctor George Ross. Do not combine the title of “Dr.” with any other title even if the person could appropriately be addressed by a different title. Never write, for example, “Dr. George Ross, Ph.D.,” even if the person is a medical doctor who has also earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree. Pick one title. Do not use the “Dr.” title when referring to someone who is solely an academic doctor.

Put a comma followed by the title “Ph.D.” after the name of a person who has earned a Doctor of Philosophy doctoral degree. For example Stacey Childs, Ph.D. Do not combine the title of “Ph.D.” with any other title even if the person could appropriately be addressed by a different title. For instance, even if the person being addressed is a doctor of medicine who has also earned a Ph.D., never write, for example, Dr. Stacey Childs, Ph.D. Pick one title. Do not use the “Ph.D.” title when referring to someone who not earned a Doctor of Philosophy doctoral degree.

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Maya Austen began freelance writing in 2009. She has written for many online publications on a wide variety of topics ranging from physical fitness to amateur astronomy. She's also an author and e-book publisher. Austen has a Bachelor of Arts in communications from the New England Institute of Art and currently lives in Boston, Mass.

What Should I Call My Professor?

Academia has its own customs and traditions that can be confusing for students. Even simple things like emailing your professor can seem like a minefield. Should you refer to them as “Professor”, “Doctor” or something else? These tips should help you avoid any gaffes.

The general rule is if someone’s title includes the word professor, then you can (and should) address them as “Professor Last Name.” In Canada and the US, this includes assistant, associate, clinical, and research professors, as well as full professors. In the UK, this applies only to full professors, not lecturers or senior lecturers.

Anyone who has earned a doctoral degree can be addressed as “Dr. Last Name”. The most common doctoral degree is a PhD, but you might also encounter instructors with other doctoral degrees such as a Doctor of Theology (DTh), Doctor of Public Health (DrPH), or Doctor of Engineering (DEng).

When in doubt, “Dr. Last Name” is the safest way to address an academic you don’t know anything about. It is generally the standard form of address for instructors who do not hold the rank of professor such as lecturers, readers, senior lecturers, and research associates.

While the titles of “Dr.” and “Professor” often overlap, they are not always interchangeable. Not all professors have PhDs. In fine arts, social work, and law, many professors will have an MFA, MSW, or JD (respectively) rather than a doctoral degree. And although some professors might also be doctors, “Professor” is a higher rank and thus tends to be preferred.

Mr. and Mrs.

When you were a kid, you might have been taught that the polite way to address an authority figure was as “Mr.” or “Mrs.” This is generally not true in academia. Calling a professor or someone with a doctorate “Mr.” or “Mrs.” can be disrespectful as it does not acknowledge the years of work they have done to earn the title of “Dr.” or “Professor”. This is especially true for women as “Mrs.” reduces a woman to her marital status and ignores her academic accomplishments.

However, you are addressing an instructor who is not a professor and does not have a PhD (such as a TA or lab instructor) you can call them “Mr.” or “Ms”. Unless your instructor you instructor specifically expresses a preference for “Mrs.” or “Miss”, “Ms” is now the standard English title for an adult woman—married or not.

First Names

Some professors prefer that their students call them by their first names while others find it rude and presumptuous. For this reason, it’s best to avoid calling your instructors by their first name unless they explicitly tell you that you can. This includes graduate student instructors as well.

Your instructors will often make this all very easy for you by indicating how they want to be addressed when they introduce themselves at the start of the class. If you still have doubts about what to call an instructor, err on the side of being overly respectful.

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How to Address Doctors

Last Updated: February 21, 2023 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Tami Claytor and by wikiHow staff writer, Janice Tieperman . Tami Claytor is an Etiquette Coach, Image Consultant, and the Owner of Always Appropriate Image and Etiquette Consulting in New York, New York. With over 20 years of experience, Tami specializes in teaching etiquette classes to individuals, students, companies, and community organizations. Tami has spent decades studying cultures through her extensive travels across five continents and has created cultural diversity workshops to promote social justice and cross-cultural awareness. She holds a BA in Economics with a concentration in International Relations from Clark University. Tami studied at the Ophelia DeVore School of Charm and the Fashion Institute of Technology, where she earned her Image Consultant Certification. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 83,044 times.

When you’re preparing an invitation, or navigating your way through a conversation, it can be difficult to know how to address a doctor properly. Thankfully, the rules of doctoral etiquette are really easy to suss out. With a little practice and repetition, you’ll be able to put your best foot forward in various social situations!

Writing Addresses or Invitations

• For instance, if you were filling out a check, you’d make it out to Clara Johnson, M.D.

• For example, if you’re filling out a wedding invitation, you can address it to: Dr. Dennis Matthews 200 Main Street Springfield, New Hampshire, 00000

• For instance, you may address a letter like this: CAPT Sarah H. Lewis, USNMC George Washington Military Clinic 200 Washington Street Alexandria, VA, 00000
• If you’re starting out the letter, you can address it as: “Dear Captain Lewis.”

• For example, you can address a party invitation like this: Dr. David Meyers 15 Mississippi Avenue San Francisco, CA, 00000.

• For instance, you may address a letter like this: Karen Michaelson, PhD 1300 California Boulevard Miami, FL, 00000.
• As a letter header, write something like: “Dear Karen Michaelson, PhD,.”

Tip: For something more casual, like an email, look at the doctor’s email signature to see what their preferred title is. [5] X Research source

• For example, you can address the letter like this: Dr. and Mrs. Matthew Richards 700 Sycamore Street Los Angeles, CA, 00000.
• If the wife has a doctorate and the husband does not, address the envelope like this: “Dr. Elizabeth and Mr. Ken Derwin.”

Speaking Conversationally

• For instance, you can say something like: “Good evening Dr. Morgan! How is your night going?”

• For instance, you may say something like: “Good morning Dr. Williams! Would I be able to talk with you about something?”

• For example, you can say “Hello Lieutenant Clark!” instead of saying “Hello Dr. Clark!”

Community Q&A

• Different people may have different preferences for letterheads. Follow a person’s specific request, if necessary. [9] X Research source Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0
• If you aren’t sure how to write something out, consider asking the doctor in question! It’s better to double-check than to address someone incorrectly by accident. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• You should still refer to someone as Dr., even if they’re no longer practicing or don’t have a license. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

You Might Also Like

Expert Interview

Thanks for reading our article! If you'd like to learn more about being polite, check out our in-depth interview with Tami Claytor .

• ↑ https://www.minotstateu.edu/careers/pages/cover-letter-salutation.shtml
• ↑ https://bizfluent.com/how-7906953-address-letter-doctor-education.html
• ↑ https://www.dailywritingtips.com/how-to-address-your-elders-your-doctor-young-children-and-your-ceo/
• ↑ https://dcp.psc.gov/ccbulletin/articles/Protocol_04_2009.aspx
• ↑ https://bizfluent.com/info-7749962-proper-way-address-lawyer.html

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What Do You Call A PhD Student?: Are They A Doctor?

When I started my PhD program, I did not know how to refer to other PhD students when addressing them at other universities. Also, it seems rather strange if you are a college student to address PhD students if they are your Teaching Assistant (TA) as professor. It just did not seem right. Over the years, I have learnt how to refer to PhD students under different roles. If you like this post, you might like our post on why life hacking and the importance of (not) life hacking.

If you are referring to PhD students, it is ok to address PhD students as Mr., Ms., or Mx. However, if they are your instructor, you might want to address them as professor as a way to show respect. If they are your Teaching Assistant, you can address them as Mr., Ms., or Mx., and, Sir or Madame. If they are more informal, you can use their first name, but ask their permission first. 

I am sure that you are much like me – not knowing what to do, but not wanting to mess up. We have all been there. Academia is often strange for those of us who did not grow up in an academic family, so don’t feel bad about knowing any of these issues. I did not grow up in an academic family, and I bumbled my way through.

Do not ask a PhD student these questions. Read this post to learn more.

By the way, I need to point out that if you make a mistake with anything, don’t worry about it. Mistakes with names and professional designations are common. I used to worry about this stuff a lot (I still do), but just cut yourself some slack. Mistakes happen, and its OK. It’s called being human. If and when I make mistakes with these kind of things, I just send a nice polite email apologizing for the mistake, or I make fun of myself, or both. 🙂

Oh, I just point out that I got my doctorate in Strategic Management back in 2011, and now an Associate Professor at a pretty well known school in the South Eastern States. If you like this post, you really should read this post on what are the differences between undergraduate and graduate education (there are some pretty big differences) .

Why do you want to address PhD students in a formal way?

Basically, you want to show respect to those that are just ahead of you in the academic system. They are not only a few years ahead of you, but it took a lot of work to get to where they are. They also had to pass several rights of passages, such as actually getting into the PhD Program, which is often difficult to do.

Many PhD students have professional degrees, particularly in Business Schools where I am, like engineering, economist, MDs, accountants, or an attorney. Indeed, it is extremely common to find PhD students with these professional degrees that would otherwise command respect in industry. Just as a way to be nice and show respect to others, you might want to error on be more formal first. Over time, as you get to know the PhD student, you can address them more informally by their first name, if that is OK with them.

Check out this blog post on must have software tools and apps that students and academics need. You might find it useful.

What is the typical age to get a PhD? Can you get one when you are younger (or older)? Read our blog post on when is it normal to get a doctorate.

Watch this video if you are confused about what is the difference between a PhD student and a PhD candidate:

Do you address PhD students as Dr (Doctor)? 

Generally, no. PhD students have not earned the terminal degree yet, so they are not technically suppose to be called Doctor. It’s kind of like putting on the marathon medal before you won the race. I even feel weird about wearing the race shirt during the race – you are just not quite finished yet. I would avoid doing that until they earned the degree. ( You might like this post on what is the PhD journey, and why it matters) .

Can a PhD candidate be called Doctor?

Again, no. I would just say

Sir or Madame.

Or, whatever they want to be called, but you should ask – it’s OK to ask.

To distinguish PhD candidates from PhD students, you can just say that they are ABD (all but dissertation). Many people will even put ABD on their academic resume (Vitae).

Have you had a bad PhD experience? Read this blog post for help!

What if you called a PhD student as Doctor or Professor by mistake?

Don’t worry about it. It’s kind of flattering for the PhD student. They will love the fact that you called them Professor or Doctor. I still remember when people started calling me that. 

Are you interested in doing a PhD? Find out about the average PhD Program acceptance rate.

It took me years to get used to the title of Professor or Doctor, and it still seems really weird to say that. To me, I am still the same boy that played in the sandbox when I was 5 years old. The only difference is that other people see me differently. At the end of the day, the only reason I use the term Dr. or Professor is to command a bit more respect, because people often mistake me for being really young. (This happened this year – I am 40 years old. It’s kinda like getting ‘carded’ when you buy a drink).

How do you refer to a PhD student in an email?

Like the question before, I would just say Mr., Ms., or Mx. So and So. I would definitely be polite and nice if you don’t know them. If they are your instructor, you might say “Dear Sir” or “Dear Madame” in the email. 

I would not write “Hey, Mr. X,” that just comes across way too informal. Instead, just write “Dear Sir/Madame.”

Here is a helpful video about emailing a Professor (or PhD Student) that you might want to see:

Here is another video that I did about PhD abbreviations:

In general though, I would just think about giving other people respect in these circumstances. Starting out formally is better than starting out informally. You can always come back to being more informal once you get to know someone a bit more. Just be nice, and good things will come.

Did you benefit from this post? Do you know of anyone at all that could use feedback on their writing or editing of their documents? I would be so grateful if you read this post on how to get feedback on your writing using R3ciprocity.com or let others know about the R3ciprocity Project. THANK YOU in advance! You are the bees knees.

The R3ciprocity Project started out as a side-project, where David Maslach created an App to help others get feedback on their work (r3ciprocity.com – it is seriously inexpensive and easy to use. You have to try it!) , but it is beginning to grow into a real movement. Check out the YouTube channel , or some of these posts if you want to understand more. You might want to read this helpful blog posts:

Thinking Of Grad School? Helpful Answers To “Do Professors…” Questions.

A Day in the Life of a Successful PhD Student (You Need To Know)

How Do You Get Feedback On Your Writing (During A PhD / In Grad School)?

Five Frustrating PhD Questions To (Never) Ask A PhD.

David Maslach

Recent Posts

Rethinking Success and Embracing the Journey: Lessons from the R3ciprocity Project

The Surprising Lesson of Going It Alone When I launched the R3ciprocity Project, I anticipated an outpouring of support from various groups like scientists, researchers, universities, and...

Navigating Academia As A Parent Or Caregiver: The Dual Challenge of PhDs and Parenthood

PhD students and highly-educated individuals face a unique set of challenges. Among these, balancing the rigorous demands of academic life with personal responsibilities, such as single parenthood or...

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Can a PhD be called Doctor? Doctoral Degree Titles

If someone holds a PhD, they are able to call themselves Doctor. The doctor title is very prestigious and often projects expertise and respect in those who decide to use it.

A person with a PhD can be called Dr. However, many people with PhD degrees choose not to use their official titles unless they are communicating in an official capacity or are working in a professional role where they use their PhD.

I reserve the use my PhD title when I am giving a talk as it provides immediate credibility whereas, I do not often use my doctor title in many other instances.

When I first got my PhD I used my doctor title a lot more than I do now. I guess, the novelty has worn off and I have decided that it is not something that defines who I am as a person and, therefore, I would only use it in an official capacity.

Should PhDs use the title “doctor” after their doctorate? 

It is a personal choice for a PhD holder to use the title of “doctor”.

In many countries, it is common practice to use the title when referring to someone with a doctoral degree.

The title of doctor holds a significant level of prestige, and it generally signifies a high level of education and expertise in a particular field. Which is why it is important to use it in an official capacity.

Those who have earned a PhD have spent many years researching, writing and defending their work and have earned the right to use the title if so desired.

The title of doctor can also be used by medical professionals, and it is important to clarify the intended meaning when using the title to avoid confusion.

The decision to use the title of doctor is a personal one that should be made with an understanding of its significance and potential implications.

Even though the original use of the doctor title was for scholars, nowadays there are several different professional qualifications that can use the doctor title.

There are many honorific doctor titles, including those found in the table below.

The use of the doctor term for many healthcare-related qualifications can cause a fair bit of confusion about what qualification the person has achieved.

If you have any doubt about what degree a person holds look at the letters after their name.

If you want to know more about the doctor title check out my other article:

• How to use the PhD title and all the little doctorate “rules”
• Is a PhD a Doctor? [The full guide]

When can a PhD student be called doctor? After their dissertation?

A PhD student can be called doctor after successfully completing all the requirements of their program, including passing their dissertation defense.

More specifically, many universities only allow you to use the doctoral title after confirmation of your degree.

The University of Adelaide says that you can use it from your conferral date:

Students can be conferred on one of five dates during the year and for PhD students the conferral date will be the first available following the completion of all the academic requirements of your degree, including final thesis lodgement and the disbursement of any outstanding financial obligations to the University.

Personally, I felt comfortable using the doctor title as soon as I receive my notification letter from the University referring to me as Dr Stapleton. It was from this moment that I started using the doctor title.

There would be nothing wrong with someone using the doctor title after they have successfully defended their PhD – it just comes down to a matter of personal preference.

The title “Doctor” can still be used informally for those who hold other doctoral degrees such as a JD (Doctor of Law) or an EdD (Doctor of Education).

A PhD student can only be referred as a “Doctor” upon the completion of their doctoral program and after receiving their degree.

Why is PhD called doctor of philosophy?

A Ph.D. is called a Doctor of Philosophy because historically, philosophy was considered the foundation of all knowledge.

The word “philosophy” itself means the love of wisdom, and the pursuit of truth through reason and logic.

In medieval Europe, philosophy encompassed all forms of intellectual inquiry, including:

• mathematics,
• and history.

As universities developed and specialized in particular disciplines, the title of Doctor of Philosophy became associated with the highest level of academic achievement in any field.

This means that a Ph.D. is not limited to the study of philosophy but refers to any individual who has demonstrated the ability to conduct original research in their chosen field and make a significant contribution to advancing knowledge.

A Ph.D. signifies not only mastery of a specific subject but also the ability to think deeply and critically about complex problems. There are now many professional doctorates that include the doctor titleIn recognition of the hard work and deep thinking required to complete.

Wrapping up

Yes, PhD holders can be called Doctor.

Once you’ve completed a PhD and been conferred by your university and institution you can officially use the Dr title before your name and the PhD tag after your name.

Many doctoral degree holders only use their academic title in official settings such as academia and official duties.

Even though I was very excited about receiving my doctor title, after a couple of years the novelty wears off and I only use my official titles in the same way that someone would want to include Mr, Mrs, or Ms.

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

Thank you for visiting Academia Insider.

We are here to help you navigate Academia as painlessly as possible. We are supported by our readers and by visiting you are helping us earn a small amount through ads and affiliate revenue - Thank you!

2024 © Academia Insider

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• Guide to Addressing Correspondence

Address book, cup of tea and stationery at the ready, you start addressing invitations for your husband’s fortieth birthday party. All of a sudden you realize you are in a potential etiquette minefield. Jane and John are married, but she does not want to be addressed as “and Mrs. John Kelly;” Sam and Sue are not married, but live together; and Tanya is separated but not yet divorced. What are the correct forms of address for each of these invitations? Simply refer to our handy list and take the mystery out of addressing your social correspondence correctly.

Mx. Is the universal title that can be used by anyone. It is gender non-identifying. Even if you identify specifically with a gender you may still use Mx. and you may see Mx. used when the sender is unaware of your title.

Addressing a Man

Mr. is the title designated for an adult man age 16 or older. Short for Mister or Monsieur in french.

The abbreviated plural for Messieurs is Messrs. While some are under the assumption that Messrs. is used for brothers, it is actually used to indicated multiple gentleman (or also multiple companies ie Messrs. Sotheby) Messers. could also be used to indicate two married men. We suggest that you ask male couples if they prefer to be Mr. and Mr. Smith or the Messrs. Smith.

Addressing a Woman

Maiden name.

Ms. Jane Johnson

Miss Jane Johnson*

*Usually ‘Miss’ is for girls under 18

Married, keeping maiden name

Married, uses husband’s name socially.

Mrs. John Kelly Mrs. Jane Kelly* *Nowadays this is acceptable Ms. Jane Kelly

Separated, not divorced

Mrs. John Kelly Mrs. Jane Kelly Ms. Jane Kelly

Mrs. Jane Kelly Ms. Jane Kelly Ms. Jane Johnson (maiden name)

Mrs. John Kelly* *If you don’t know the widow’s preference, this is the traditional and preferred form Mrs. Jane Kelly Ms. Jane Kelly

Addressing a Couple

Married, she uses her husband’s name socially.

Mr. and Mrs. John Kelly

NOTE: Traditionally, a woman’s name preceded a man’s on an envelope address, and his first and surname were not separated (Jane and John Kelly). Nowadays, the order of the names—whether his name or hers comes first—does not matter and either way is acceptable. The exception is when one member of the couple ‘outranks’ the other—the one with the higher rank is always listed first.

Married, she prefers Ms.

Mr. John Kelly and Ms. Jane Kelly Ms. Jane Kelly and Mr. John Kelly *Do not link Ms. to the husband’s name: Mr. and Ms. John Kelly is incorrect

Married, informal address

Jane and John Kelly John and Jane Kelly

Married, she uses maiden name

Mr. John Kelly and Ms. Jane Johnson Ms. Jane Johnson and Mr. John Kelly

If you can’t fit the names on one line: Mr. John Kelly and Ms. Jane Johnson *Note the indent, either name may be used first

Unmarried, living together

Mr. John Kelly & Ms. Jane Johnson Note: Use one line

A woman who outranks her husband: elected office, military rank

The Honorable Jane Kelly and Mr. John Kelly

If you can’t fit both names on one line (note indent): The Honorable Jane Kelly and Mr. John Kelly

A woman who outranks her husband: professional or educational degree

Dr. Jane Kelly and Mr. John Kelly

Both are doctors (PhD or medical) and use the same last name

The Doctors Kelly (omit first names) Drs. Jane and John Kelly / Drs. John and Jane Kelly Dr. John Kelly and Dr. Jane Kelly / Dr. Jane Kelly and Dr. John Kelly

Both are doctors (PhD or medical), she uses her maiden name

Dr. Jane Johnson and Dr. John Kelly Dr. John Kelly and Dr. Jane Johnson

Ms. is the default form of address, unless you know positively that a woman wishes to be addressed as Mrs.

Professional designations—use only for business

Jane Kelly, CPA

Note: Do not use Ms. or Mr. if using a professional designation. Socially, drop the professional designation and use Mr., Ms., or Mrs.: Ms. Jane Kelly

Esquire: Attorneys and some court officials

Jane Kelly, Esquire

Note: If using Esquire, do not use Ms. or Mr. In conversation or socially, ‘Esquire’ is not used; use Mr. or Ms.: Ms. Jane Kelly

Attorney at Law

Ms. Jane Kelly Attorney at Law

Note: This is an alternative to ‘Esquire’ for attorneys. Use Mr. or Ms. and use two lines with no indent.

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How Should One Address the Holder of a Ph.D.?

• When you write to a medical doctor, use Dr. James Brown or James Brown, M.D. (medical doctor or psychiatrist); D.O. (osteopathic physician); D.D.S. (dentist), D.V.M. (veterinarian), N.D. (naturopathic physician);
• When you write to a holder of an academic doctorate, use Dr. William Green or William Green, Ph.D.
• When you have a Ph.D., sign your name either as Dr. Ernest Smith or Ernest Smith, Ph.D.
• If you have a Ph.D. you should engrave all your personal envelopes or labels with either Dr. Ernest Smith or Ernest Smith, Ph.D.
• An analogous procedure should be used when signing your e-mails: For formal or professional correspondence always sign, Dr. Ernest Smith, or Ernest Smith, Ph.D.; for correspondence with family members or close friends, you may sign your first name, but below it, at the left margin of the page, your full name should appear preceded by Dr. or followed by Ph.D.; in the line below your name repeat your e-mail address.
• Never write both Dr. and Ph.D. before and after your name; nor should you use both designations when you write to another person who holds a doctorate - Dr. William Green, Ph.D. It is a redundancy.
• If you have a close relationship or are on a first name basis with someone who holds a doctorate, then on the envelope use his formal official title, Dr. William Green, and in the letter you may start with Dear Bill.
• When someone has earned a Ph.D. degree he must subsequently be referred to as “Doctor” in formal speech. The same is true of a person who is a medical doctor, psychologist, dentist, veterinarian, osteophatic or naturopathic physician.
• When a holder of a Ph.D. makes a telephone call and is asked “Who is speaking?” or “Who is calling?” he should answer Dr. William Green.
• The same applies to any other type of presentation. When introduced to a new acquaintance by a common friend, the friend would say: “I would like you to meet Dr. Ernest Smith..." then, the holder of a Ph.D. should only say, "Ernest Smith at your service." Should the person introducing you leave out your title - “I would like you to meet my friend Ernest, it is appropriate to say amiably: “Dr. Ernest Smith at your service.”
• If you are introducing someone who holds a Ph.D. as a speaker before an audience, you must use his title: “I have the pleasure to introduce Dr. William Green, who will instruct us this evening on the fruit of his studies on such and such a topic.”

• "The English excerpts are n from The Admirable Life of Mother Mariana Vol. I and vol. II , (Los Angeles: TIA, 2006); The Spanish excerpts are from Vida admirable de la Madre Mariana de Jesús Torres y Berriochoa (Quito: Fundación Jesús de la Misericordia).

• How to Address Priests and Religious
• Writing & Addressing Christmas Cards
• 'Language Is the Dress of Thought'
• How to Address Benedict XVI Now?
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The Proper Way to Address a Minister With a Doctorate Degree

Daelyn fortney, 29 sep 2017.

A minister is a person authorized by a religious organization, typically a Christian church, to provide spiritual guidance and lead religious services such as worship, weddings, funerals and baptisms. A minister's title varies, depending on the Christian denomination.

Explore this article

• Identification
• Significance
• Considerations

1 Identification

"Reverend" and "pastor" are titles used to address ordained ministers in denominations including Presbyterian, Lutheran, Methodist and Episcopal. Reverend is used as a respectful address, whereas pastor represents an honorable title. Depending on the preference of the minister, he could be addressed both ways. Some prefer to go by their first name, as in "Reverend Bob" or "Pastor Bob," and others use their last names such as "Reverend Smith" or "Pastor Smith."

2 Significance

When addressing a minister who has a doctorate degree verbally, the titles reverend or pastor should be used in front of the name. This standard protocol is considered a respectful way to address a person who has dedicated his life to the Church and should, therefore, be recognized in place of the "doctor" title.

3 Considerations

When sending written correspondence to a minister, the envelope should be addressed to "Reverend Smith" or "Pastor Smith." The letter’s salutation should read, “Dear Dr. Smith.”

About the Author

Daelyn Fortney is the co-founder and managing director of the animal rights and eco-friendly news source, This Dish Is Veg. Her expertise includes animal welfare, vegan and vegetarian nutrition and health and wellness. In addition to her work at TDIV, Fortney writes for Local.com and various other websites.

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JD Vs. LLB Law Degree

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On Wedding Invitations, How To Address The Doctor

Table of Contents:

The doctor is married.

Weddings, as well as wedding etiquette, are serious affairs for us. Understanding the proper titles and abbreviations for formal wedding invitations is a major headache. Like organizing your perfect wedding overall wasn’t challenging enough. It is easy to become intimidated by the formal guidelines for properly addressing your wedding invitations.

The formal wedding invitation formula is not something you should attempt to memorize. The traditional wedding invitation addressing procedure isn’t exactly the easiest thing to learn, as is true of many traditions. For instance, did you know there’s a different way to address a family’s invitations once their children turn eighteen? Likewise, the invitation game changes if an invitee goes by her maiden name. The topic of formal wedding invitations for juniors should not even be brought up. Instead of handling this confusing conundrum alone, turn to this handy wedding invitation guide that answers all your questions about addressing formal wedding invitations. Spend your time choosing the ideal location, sampling delectable wedding cakes, and selecting a lovely, unique color scheme. Let us take care of the formality by addressing wedding invitations in accordance with this etiquette guide.

Start with the fundamental protocol for responding to any invitation.

What is the proper way to address a letter to a PhD and his wife?

• You would address the letter to Dr. Jane Smith and Mr. Stanley Smith, or Dr. Jane and Mr.
• I recently got the following letter from a reader:
• If the wife is a PhD and the husband is just Mr. and Dr. Dot,

You would address the letter to Dr. Jane Smith and Mr. Stanley Smith, or Dr. Jane and Mr. Stanley Smith, if you were to use the wife’s professional title. The rule is to start with the higher-titled individual, whether they are male or female.

Should Doctor be spelled out on a wedding invitation?

Names and Spelling Titles such as Mr. and Mrs. are not spelled out. Unless the name would be too long to fit on one line, doctors should be spelled out.

How should you write a letter to a married couple of doctors?

If a wife and husband are both doctors, the outer and inner envelopes should be addressed to “The Doctors Rosenthal. If they’re married but have different last names, list both names in alphabetical order on different lines: “Dr.

Do you address a PhD as Doctor on a wedding invitation?

If you are not a medical doctor, you are a Mr., Mrs., Ms., etc. Crane says “Ph. D. is an academic title that is used only in academic settings. The use of “Doctor” on wedding invitations is reserved for medical doctors and ministers with advanced degrees. ” Cached.

I look at invitations daily. In books, on websites, and on social media. Clients bring in invitations they received in the mail or found online. Unfortunately, so many of the invitations that we use as examples are full of errors—not just spelling errors but inconsistencies, improper punctuation and designations, bad wedding invitation etiquette, and other cringeworthy faux pas. Peggy Post won’t be reading your invitation, but probably another 150 people will, and someone will pick up on even the most subtle no-no. Here are a few that come up the most:

“Doctors” get married all the time, as in medical doctors, Ph.D.s, J.D.s, and doctoral students or candidates. More often than not, couples assume that all doctors are to be designated “Doctor” on the invitation. In the world of wedding invitation etiquette, they are not. With a few other exceptions (judges, military personnel, clergy, etc.D.s, and doctoral students or candidates. More often than not, couples assume that all doctors are to be designated “Doctor” on the invitation. In the world of wedding invitation etiquette, they are not. With a few other exceptions (judges, military personnel, clergy, etc.), if you are not a medical doctor, you are a Mr., Mrs., Ms., etc. Crane says “Ph. D. is an academic title that is used only in academic settings. The use of “Doctor” on wedding invitations is reserved for medical doctors and ministers with advanced degrees.

2) Instead of a reception card, include a dress code on the invitation.

How do you address a wedding invitation to your doctor and wife?

If the husband is a doctor, the titles will appear as “Doctor and Mrs.”; if the wife is a doctor, her degree “outranks” her husband’s social title of “Mr.,” and the wife should be listed first, with “Doctor” spelled out. If both the husband and wife are doctors, write “The Doctors,” followed by the family name.

Wedding invitations are undeniably important: Not only do they inform your guests about when and where the celebration will take place, but they also set the tone for the entire party. And since this is one of the very first wedding-related details your family and friends will see, it’s important that you go about sending your invitations correctly. That’s why learning how to properly address wedding invitations is a key step in the process; there’s a lot more to it than you might think. To ensure you get it right, we’re explaining exactly how to address your envelopes based on the different attendees who may be joining you.

Finalizing the guest list is one of the wedding-planning tasks most couples dread, but it’s essential and must be done before you get ready to mail those invites. Still, just because you know who gets an invitation doesn’t mean you know how to address everyone on your guest list. That’s where we come in—from figuring out how to address a judge (hint: it’s an honorable profession) to the right way to mail an invitation to a family full of doctors, we have all of the information you need to ensure these important pieces of mail get sent out without a hitch. These guidelines can be tailored to your guests’ preferred pronouns, too.

Whether you’re throwing a black-tie affair or opting for an intimate wedding on the beach, it’s important that invitations still check all of the etiquette boxes. After all, this is one of the most special days of your life, so it’s worth taking the time and care to make sure you get the details down pat, starting from the invitations. There’s no need to memorize the recommendations—just be sure to bookmark the page for easy access when the time comes.

Do you always refer to someone with a PhD as Dr.?

People who have earned a Ph.D. or any other academic, non-medical doctoral degree have the choice of whether to use “Dr.” both professionally and socially. If, when meeting people with doctorates, you’re unsure how to address them, “Dr.” is always correct. If they’d rather the title be dropped, they will let you know.

Socially as well as professionally, medical doctors, dentists, and other professionals are addressed by and introduced with their titles. People who have earned a Ph.D. or any other academic, non-medical doctoral degree have the choice of whether to use “Dr.” both professionally and socially. If, when meeting people with doctorates, you’re unsure how to address them, “Dr.” is always correct. If they’d rather the title be dropped, they will let you know.

It’s more common for women to use the title “doctor” socially as well as professionally than in the past. When a married woman uses the title “Dr.” (either medically or academically) socially, addressing social correspondence to the couple is a little trickier. If her husband is not a doctor, address letters to Dr. Sonia and Mr. Robert Harris. Her name comes first because her professional title “outranks” his social title. If her husband is also a doctor, the address is either The Drs. (Doctors) Harris or The Drs. Sonia and Robert Harris (the order of the names doesn’t matter).

In introductions and correspondence, many Protestant clergy are referred to as “the Reverend.” While business correspondence is addressed to The Reverend James Norris (or D. D., if held), social correspondence is slightly different: The Reverend (or Mr. or Dr.) and Mrs. James Norris. In conversation, a clergyman or clergywoman is addressed as Dr./Mr./Mrs./Ms./Pastor/Rector/Reverend Norris.

How do you put a doctor’s name on a wedding invitation?

Spell out “doctor” on the outer envelope and abbreviate it on the inner. Outer envelope: “Doctor Tami Takata and Ms. Christina Smith.” Inner envelope: “Dr. Takata and Ms. Smith” or “Tami and Christina”.

Eight weeks before your wedding comes the day when you send out invitations (talk about making it feel real!). You’ve tackled the wedding invitation wording on the card, and now it’s time to figure out how to address wedding invitations on the outside. That’s right—there’s even etiquette for how to address an envelope.

Before you head to the post office, you’ll want to be sure to properly address the inner and outer envelopes. When you start addressing wedding invitations, you might start wondering who should be listed first on the invitation. What if the invitation is to a whole family, including children?

To help, we’ve put together an easy wedding envelope-addressing guide.

How do you address a couple with different titles?

Addressing Couples Married couples who both use the husband’s last name should be addressed as Mr. and Mrs. Married couples who use different last names should use Ms. and Mr. Unmarried couples and same-gender couples who live together should follow the above rule as well.

We may live in an increasingly digital world, but there are certain things that should always be done the “old-fashioned way,” if you ask us—one being sending formal (as well as informal) correspondence in the mail. If sending handwritten thank-you notes, holiday cards, and wedding invitations in the mail are traditions you intend to continue, it’s important to make sure you’re adhering to proper etiquette guidelines each step of the way, especially if you’ve gotten out of the habit.

Once you’ve written that lovely thank you note on your personal stationery or picked up your party invitations from the printer, the next step is addressing envelopes. It may seem straightforward, but when it comes to addressing people by name—whether they’re friends or barely acquaintances—it can be a sensitive subject. It’s also an important logistical one: After all, the names on the envelope inform the recipients whom the invitation, thank-you, or gift inside is intended for. You don’t want to unintentionally exclude or include anyone.

Thankfully, there are some tried-and-true rules and etiquette guidelines that are easy to follow. Here, we’ve rounded up all the intricacies of envelope-addressing in this go-to etiquette resource for getting it right every time.

Do you address anyone with a PhD as Doctor?

A doctoral degree (PhD) is a degree that one earns after a master’s degree. A PhD entitles a person to use the title doctor. These are the social and physical scientists who conduct and evaluate published research.

This is in response to the news article by Roger Collier. 1 These days, many health professionals use the title “doctor.” Indeed, The Canadian Press Stylebook now decrees that the title of doctor should be reserved for physicians. Physicians, surgeons, dentists, chiropodists, university professors, and, in some countries, pharmacists describe themselves as doctors. This raises the question: Are they? To answer this question, one has to examine that title from both linguistic and historical standpoints.

The word doctor is derived from the Latin verb “docere,” meaning to teach or be a scholar. Only by special arrangement do any of the preceding professionals teach. Only university professors with a doctoral degree normally teach at a university. Historically speaking, the title doctor was invented in the Middle Ages to describe eminent scholars. These doctorates date back to the 1300s. Such people were accorded a lot of respect and prestige.

The PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, is the highest graduate degree awarded by our universities.

How do you address those with a PhD?

Anyone who has earned a doctoral degree can be addressed as “Dr. Last Name”. The most common doctoral degree is a PhD, but you might also encounter instructors with other doctoral degrees such as a Doctor of Theology (DTh), Doctor of Public Health (DrPH), or Doctor of Engineering (DEng). When in doubt, “Dr.

Academia has its own customs and traditions that can be confusing for students. Even simple things like emailing your professor can seem like a minefield. Should you refer to them as “Professor”, “Doctor,” or something else? These tips should help you avoid any gaffes.

The general rule is that if someone’s title includes the word professor, then you can (and should) address them as “Professor Last Name.” In Canada and the US, this includes assistant, associate, clinical, and research professors, as well as full professors. In the UK, this applies only to full professors, not lecturers or senior lecturers.

Anyone who has earned a doctoral degree can be addressed as “Dr. Last Name.” The most common doctoral degree is a PhD, but you might also encounter instructors with other doctoral degrees such as a Doctor of Theology (DTh), Doctor of Public Health (DrPH), or Doctor of Engineering (DEng).

Do you address anyone with a PhD as Dr.?

What is the appropriate way to address a PhD?

When you are addressing a person with a doctoral degree, it is considered more polite to use the title Dr. or the academic abbreviation “PhD.” with the person’s name instead of the simple courtesy titles Mr. or Ms. Note: Do not use both the title and the degree.

The Writing Tips tool has been archived and will no longer be updated until its definitive retirement date.

For the most up-to-date content, please visit Writing Tips Plus, an online tool that combines the content of Writing Tips and The Canadian Style.N’oubliez pas de modifier vos favoris!

In English, PhD can be written with or without periods; both are correct. The trend today is to replace periods with abbreviations of academic degrees. However, many sources, including the Canadian Oxford Dictionary, still recommend the use of periods. Ph. D.

What is the proper way to address someone with a PhD?

When you are addressing a person with a doctoral degree, it is considered more polite to use the title Dr. or the academic abbreviation “PhD.” with the person’s name instead of the simple courtesy titles Mr. or Ms.

How do you address a wedding invitation to someone with a PhD?

Technically, PhDs are not to be addressed as Dr. on wedding invitations since the title is for an academic setting. Either way, they should go on the same line with an “and” in between their names since they are married. They do not go on the same line per Cranes since the wife kept her maiden name. Cached.

If a couple is married but the woman has kept her maiden name and both have a doctorate in a scientific field (not medicine), is this the proper way to address them?

Technically, PhDs are not to be addressed as Dr. on wedding invitations since the title is for an academic setting.

Either way, they should go on the same line with an “and” in between their names since they are married.

How do you put a doctor on an invitation?

If you are inviting a medical doctor, traditional etiquette says that you should spell out the word “doctor.” However, if you are inviting someone with a Ph. D., you use the abbreviation “Dr. Rosenthal,” followed by “Dr. Schwartz.”

Related Articles:

• How To Address The Doctor’S Wife In A Wedding Invitation
• The Word “Doctor” Is Spelled Out On Wedding Invitations
• How To Address Your Own Wedding Invitations
• How To Address Wedding Invitations To Guests
• How To Address The Envelopes For Your Wedding Invitations
• The Proper Way To Address Wedding Invitations

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EDI Spotlight: Tammara Watts, MD, PhD

Frequently finding herself the only Black woman surgeon in certain spaces, Tammara Watts MD, PhD, has recognized the importance of making workplaces more inclusive for some time. However, it wasn’t until two years ago that she began working in equity, diversity, and inclusion in an official capacity.

Both in her roles as a head and neck cancer researcher and associate director of the Office of Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion for Duke Cancer Institute, Watts has made it her mission to address cancer disparities and diversify the oncology workforce. In this month’s EDI Spotlight, she shares how a nearly $2 million grant she recently received from the National Institutes of Health will help her do just that. She also gives us a glimpse into some of the work her DCI colleagues are doing to advance health equity and reveals her love of riding horses. 

What is your official EDI-related title within the Duke Cancer Institute? What does this role entail, and how does it complement your other responsibilities as associate professor of head and neck surgery and communication sciences? 

In the DCI, I am the associate director of the Office of Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion. As an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center, I am charged with strategic planning and implementation of the DCI’s Plan to Enhance Diversity (PED). The PED is a new component for all NCI-designated cancer centers with the goal to design programs to support recruitment, retention, and career development of women and individuals underrepresented in the scientific workforce.

Tell us about some of the work DCI is doing to eliminate cancer disparities and advance health equity. 

There is a lot of work being done in this space. We can't be in an era of personalized cancer care if we don't take care of all of the patients and all of our communities. Advancing health equity is one of the pillars in the 2022-2027 DCI Strategic Plan. There are several DCI investigators whose work, both in the lab and at the bedside, is focused on eliminating cancer disparities.

Our Community Outreach, Equity, and Engagement Office did a community scientific round table where community members met with DCI scientists who are working in cancer disparities. My takeaway from that was how the community wants to know how their samples are being used and how their tissues are helping further science.

In addition to research in gastric, breast, endometrial, and prostate cancer focused on understanding the biology of cancer disparities, and evaluating outcomes from clinical trials, DCI created a program called Just Ask , which has been adopted nationally to raise awareness of how implicit basis affects patients of color in even being asked if they would like to participate in a clinical trial.

You recently were awarded a five-year, $1.9 million grant aimed at improving head and neck cancer outcomes and diversity in the oncology workforce. Can you tell us a little about the grant and who will benefit from this research?

I was fortunate to be one of the inaugural recipients of the NIH R01 called ReWARD . It was a new mechanism put in place by the NIH because a lot of investigators spend time working in the space of diversity, equity, and inclusion, but they don't get any funding or support.

The grant [titled Disparate Outcomes, Disparate Workforce: An Integrated Approach to Improving Head and Neck Cancer Outcomes and Diversity in the Oncology Workforce] has four aims. The first two aims are scientific. Black patients do very poorly with head and neck cancer, even if you control for socioeconomic factors. We want to use a genomics approach and see if we can understand if there are gene-related differences between Black and White patients with head and neck cancer that can inform additional studies to test whether these genetic differences are indeed impactful when it comes to outcomes, and then begin to design treatments around that.

The third aim supports a high school student coming from City of Medicine Academy in Durham to spend time in my lab or any of the labs of the co-investigators to learn about what it is like to conduct oncology-based research. They will come in the summer before they start their junior year and earn high school credit during the spring semester, with the goal of having them participate as a member of the research team to showcase in their college applications.

Fourth, we are partnering with Howard University to send one of their surgery residents for one to two years to do oncology-based research at Duke. The grant provides support for their training. They're not required to do head and neck cancer research. If they want to learn about breast, pancreatic, or gastric cancer, it doesn't matter. The grant is there to support them and help them with their interests. And if they stay for two years, we'll even help support their tuition if they want to get an advanced degree, like a master's degree.

We will also provide mentorship and incubator space for a junior faculty member who wants to start their own translational lab.

What inspired you to begin working to improve equity, diversity, and inclusion within Duke?

I wasn't really working in the cancer disparity space initially. As a Black woman, an MD-PhD surgeon, you're usually a party-of-one in these spaces. And so, you are always thinking about how to include people.

But I didn't get truly inspired with that conscious thought until I started working on the cancer disparities research two years ago. My colleague Dr. Nosa Osazuwa-Peters encouraged me to use my science background to explore head and neck cancer disparities. I became curious and with support with pilot funding from the DCI P20 Disparities SPORE and Dr. Steve Patierno , who's very passionate in this space, thus ignited my own passion. My role in the DCI has become one of my favorite jobs.

I was fortunate that I had the opportunity to get exposure to research early on. I don't know that a lot of our young folks see what research is like. So, one of the things I wanted to make sure on this NIH grant was to have a lot of mentors doing different kinds of research.

About 85% of the students at City of Medicine Academy are students of color. They're interested in the health professions, but I don't know if they know about the non-obvious ones, like molecular epidemiology, bioinformatics, and medical physics as examples of science disciplines that work within the context of cancer. Having that exposure early on as a means to help increase our workforce diversity is vital. I wanted these students to have a much earlier exposure, while in high school which they could carry with them as they enter college. I wanted there to be a broad group of mentors to draw on. And the same thing for the Howard University surgical resident who comes here; they'll get mentorship from surgeons here and develop their research skills with the hope that they choose Duke for their surgical oncology fellowship.

What passions or hobbies do you have outside of work?

I love to ride horses. I have been riding for over 30 years. I have fallen off, broken bones and always get back on the horse. The pandemic brought me the joy of Pilates and I'm an aspiring new golfer.

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In partnership with the  Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , the Bloomberg School offers students the opportunity to earn a Doctor of Medicine (MD) alongside a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) – a rigorous combination that prepares graduates for prestigious careers in academic medicine.

The long-lasting relationship between the School of Medicine and the Bloomberg School – both situated along the same city block here in Baltimore – fosters the ideal environment for this combined six or eight year program.

Students complete two years of medical school before devoting themselves full-time to their PhD studies. After completion of the PhD degree requirements, students then complete their MD degree.

Interested “physician-scientists” should contact the MD/PhD program administrator, Sharon Welling ( [email protected]  or 410-955-8008), and visit the  MD/PhD Program's website  for full details on admission requirements and application procedures.  

• UNC Chapel Hill

Department of Pediatrics

Corinne keet, md, phd.

Professor of Pediatrics

Vice Chair of Clinical and Translational Research

Associate Director of Children's Research Institute

Co-Director of Carolina Child Health Scholars

Contact Information

• UNC Children's Profile
• Publications
• Carolina Child Health Scholars

Dr. Corinne Keet is a specialist in the field of allergy and immunology. She routinely provides clinical care through the Pediatric Allergy Clinic and as an Attending Physician on the Allergy/Immunology inpatient consult at UNC Children’s. She is also the Associate Editor for Food Allergy at the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the leading journal in the field.

Dr. Keet’s NIH-sponsored research is focused on the prevention, management, and long-term outcomes of pediatric allergies. Specifically, her research aims to identify environmental factors which contribute to food allergy, atopic dermatitis, and asthma and find practical solutions to prevent and treat these diseases. Her research initiatives have included:

• Investigating environmental risk factors, biomarkers and mechanisms of early life food allergy and atopic dermatitis in a large multi-center birth cohort and in large national surveys.
• Better understanding which infants are most at risk for peanut allergy and which tests best identify those with allergy.
• Evaluating how a housing intervention affects asthma activity in children who live in poor urban neighborhoods.
• Understanding the relationship between food sensitization and cardiovascular disease.
• Testing novel treatments for food allergy.

Undergraduate

University of California at Berkeley

Medical School

University of California at San Francisco

Residency in Pediatrics

Johns Hopkins Hospital

Fellowship in Pediatric Allergy and Immunology

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

Doctor of Philosophy

Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

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Browse by genre, featured programs, featured programs & series, more gpb news, for kids & teachers, ghsa sports, high school football, browse by type, browse by category, for parents & caregivers, support gpb, gpb newsletter cta, banner image, section branding, header content, tagged as: , ‘georgia needs you’: amid doctor shortage, savannah med school workshop aims to inspire rural teens.

April 25, 2024 11:46 AM

• Benjamin Payne

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Primary Content

Dr. Jane Kirkpatrick's message to a conference room full of rural Georgia high schoolers was loud and clear.

“We are doing our best to train up doctors who want to practice in rural and underserved areas, because there is such a huge need for physicians in our communities,” the internist and Mercer University School of Medicine (MUSM) admissions director told them at the institution's Savannah campus. “And so, I'm glad you're here.”

Having made the trek from eight counties across Southeast Georgia, a couple dozen high school students were eager to get a glimpse into the demanding world of medical school — and the school, in turn, was eager to show them.

Launched in 2016 to help Georgia address its rural physician shortage, MUSM's teen workshop (dubbed “Setting Your Sights on Med School”) ushers aspiring doctors through a series of hands-on activity stations.

No station is quite as hands-on as the “sim lab” — an ER of sorts for medical mannequins where, during this year's installment, students got to try their hand at bag-valve-mask ventilation.

After that, it was time to watch MUSM assistant director of medical simulation Joe Slattery attempt a trickier procedure: intubation.

“With this technique, I'm going to take the laryngoscope and go into the airway, so I can see straight down into the trachea,” Slattery said during his demonstration. “I'm gonna lift up the patient's jaw. You see how I'm moving the tongue away?”

Ninth-grader Katie Bolton found the life-saving measure fascinating.

“It was also cool to see how to do it, rather than watching it on a screen or something,” she said.

It's rural areas like Bolton's Screven County — about an hour's drive north of Savannah — where MUSM is hoping to recruit more students from.

If the institution's freshman class last year is any indication, then its outreach efforts appear to be working: 70% of those doctors-in-training hail from outside of the Atlanta metropolitan area. (Mercer admits only Georgia residents to its medical school.)

“When our dean began working here about eight years ago, we had students from rural areas, but it certainly wasn't a majority,” said MUSM administrator Be-Atrice Cunningham. “We have since refocused our mission.”

Even with the medical school's recent gains in rural recruitment, Georgia's less-populated areas “continue to be in dire need of physicians,” Cunningham said, adding that nine rural counties do not have a single practicing doctor.

Those areas, plus about 100 more rural counties in the state, are classified by the federal government as medically underserved by primary care physicians.

“We need you,” Cunningham told the high schoolers. “And, of course, Georgia needs you, as well.”

Kirkpatrick, herself a Georgia native and longtime rural physician, agreed wholeheartedly: “There's no greater job on the planet than to have the privilege to take care of a human life.”

Secondary Content

About the author.

Benjamin is the Savannah-based reporter for GPB, where he covers Coastal Georgia.

Prior to coming to Savannah, he freelanced in Bellingham, Washington, for public media outlets including NPR, Marketplace , and PRX. Previously, Benjamin hosted Morning Edition for WVIK, his hometown NPR member station in Rock Island, Ill. Before that, he served a news internship with NPR member station WBEZ in Chicago.

Benjamin is a graduate of the University of Nevada-Reno's journalism master's program, and earned his undergraduate degree in journalism from Augustana College in Rock Island.

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Philadelphia Archbishop Nelson J. Pérez, D.D. to Deliver Villanova University’s 2024 Commencement Address

Archbishop Pérez will be awarded an honorary degree at the May 17 Commencement Ceremony

VILLANOVA, Pa. (April 25, 2024) –   The Rev. Peter M. Donohue, OSA, PhD, Villanova University President, announced that Philadelphia Archbishop the Most Revered Nelson J. Pérez, D.D., will address the Class of 2024 as the University’s commencement speaker. Archbishop Pérez will also receive the degree of Doctor of Sacred Letters, honoris causa. The University’s 181 st commencement will be held Friday, May 17, at 2:30 p.m., in Villanova Stadium. In the event of severe weather, the ceremony will be held indoors in the Finneran Pavilion.

Note: For the livestream of Commencement, click here .

About Most Reverend Nelson J. Pérez, D.D.

Most Reverend Nelson J. Pérez, D.D., was appointed as the 14th Bishop and 10th Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia by Pope Francis in January 2020. Archbishop Pérez's pastoral vision, rooted in Pope Francis' Apostolic Exhortation "The Joy of the Gospel," can be summarized as, "Church on Mission: Proactive, Involved, Supportive, Fruitful, and Joyful."

Archbishop Pérez has strong ties to the Philadelphia area, with over two decades of experience and work in the region. He earned two master's degrees at Saint Charles Borromeo Seminary in Wynnewood and was ordained as a priest for the Archdiocese of Philadelphia in 1989. His first assignment after ordination to the priesthood was as parochial vicar of Saint Ambrose Parish in Philadelphia. He later served as Pastor of Saint William Parish in Philadelphia and Saint Agnes Parish in West Chester. Committed to education, Archbishop Pérez has taught courses at LaSalle University and Saint Charles Seminary.

Archbishop Pérez was born in Miami, Fla., and grew up in a Cuban neighborhood in West New York, N.J. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology from Montclair State University in 1983.

During his time in the priesthood, Archbishop Pérez has strengthened relations with Latino communities across the region. He served as the Episcopal Vicar for Hispanic Ministry, overseeing 54 parishes with pastoral ministry to Hispanics, as well as Formation Programs and Ecclesial Movements.

Archbishop Pérez has also served in various positions within the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. He was the Chair of the Bishops' Standing Committee on Cultural Diversity, chaired the Bishops' Sub-Committee for Hispanic Affairs, and served as the lead Bishop for the V Encuentro process for the USCCB. He also served as a member of the Bishops' Sub-Committee for the Catholic Campaign for Human Development and on the Administrative and the Religious Liberty Committees for the USCCB.

In 1998, Archbishop Pérez was named Chaplain to His Holiness, Pope John Paul II, with the title of Monsignor. In 2009, he was named a Prelate of Honor by Pope Benedict XVI. Three years later, he was appointed as the Auxiliary Bishop of the Diocese of Rockville Centre, N.Y., and was ordained as a Bishop. As the Auxiliary Bishop of the Diocese of Rockville Centre, Bishop Pérez served as Episcopal Vicar for the Eastern Vicariate, representing the Diocesan Ordinary. In 2017, Pope Francis appointed Bishop Pérez as the 11th Bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland.

Currently, Archbishop Pérez serves as the bishop liaison for the National Federation for Catholic Youth Ministry (NFCYM) and he was appointed to the Pontifical Commission for Latin America. He also presently serves as the Chair of the Board of Catholic Relief Services.

About Villanova University: Since 1842, Villanova University’s Augustinian Catholic intellectual tradition has been the cornerstone of an academic community in which students learn to think critically, act compassionately and succeed while serving others. There are more than 10,000 undergraduate, graduate and law students in the University's six colleges—the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, the Villanova School of Business, the College of Engineering, the M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, the College of Professional Studies and the Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law. Ranked among the nation’s top universities, Villanova supports its students’ intellectual growth and prepares them to become ethical leaders who create positive change everywhere life takes them. For more, visit  www.villanova.edu .

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