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500+ Qualitative Research Titles and Topics

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Qualitative research is a methodological approach that involves gathering and analyzing non-numerical data to understand and interpret social phenomena. Unlike quantitative research , which emphasizes the collection of numerical data through surveys and experiments, qualitative research is concerned with exploring the subjective experiences, perspectives, and meanings of individuals and groups. As such, qualitative research topics can be diverse and encompass a wide range of social issues and phenomena. From exploring the impact of culture on identity formation to examining the experiences of marginalized communities, qualitative research offers a rich and nuanced perspective on complex social issues. In this post, we will explore some of the most compelling qualitative research topics and provide some tips on how to conduct effective qualitative research.

Qualitative Research Titles

Qualitative research titles often reflect the study’s focus on understanding the depth and complexity of human behavior, experiences, or social phenomena. Here are some examples across various fields:

• “Understanding the Impact of Project-Based Learning on Student Engagement in High School Classrooms: A Qualitative Study”
• “Navigating the Transition: Experiences of International Students in American Universities”
• “The Role of Parental Involvement in Early Childhood Education: Perspectives from Teachers and Parents”
• “Exploring the Effects of Teacher Feedback on Student Motivation and Self-Efficacy in Middle Schools”
• “Digital Literacy in the Classroom: Teacher Strategies for Integrating Technology in Elementary Education”
• “Culturally Responsive Teaching Practices: A Case Study in Diverse Urban Schools”
• “The Influence of Extracurricular Activities on Academic Achievement: Student Perspectives”
• “Barriers to Implementing Inclusive Education in Public Schools: A Qualitative Inquiry”
• “Teacher Professional Development and Its Impact on Classroom Practice: A Qualitative Exploration”
• “Student-Centered Learning Environments: A Qualitative Study of Classroom Dynamics and Outcomes”
• “The Experience of First-Year Teachers: Challenges, Support Systems, and Professional Growth”
• “Exploring the Role of School Leadership in Fostering a Positive School Culture”
• “Peer Relationships and Learning Outcomes in Cooperative Learning Settings: A Qualitative Analysis”
• “The Impact of Social Media on Student Learning and Engagement: Teacher and Student Perspectives”
• “Understanding Special Education Needs: Parent and Teacher Perceptions of Support Services in Schools

Health Science

• “Living with Chronic Pain: Patient Narratives and Coping Strategies in Managing Daily Life”
• “Healthcare Professionals’ Perspectives on the Challenges of Rural Healthcare Delivery”
• “Exploring the Mental Health Impacts of COVID-19 on Frontline Healthcare Workers: A Qualitative Study”
• “Patient and Family Experiences of Palliative Care: Understanding Needs and Preferences”
• “The Role of Community Health Workers in Improving Access to Maternal Healthcare in Rural Areas”
• “Barriers to Mental Health Services Among Ethnic Minorities: A Qualitative Exploration”
• “Understanding Patient Satisfaction in Telemedicine Services: A Qualitative Study of User Experiences”
• “The Impact of Cultural Competence Training on Healthcare Provider-Patient Communication”
• “Navigating the Transition to Adult Healthcare Services: Experiences of Adolescents with Chronic Conditions”
• “Exploring the Use of Alternative Medicine Among Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Qualitative Inquiry”
• “The Role of Social Support in the Rehabilitation Process of Stroke Survivors”
• “Healthcare Decision-Making Among Elderly Patients: A Qualitative Study of Preferences and Influences”
• “Nurse Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture in Hospital Settings: A Qualitative Analysis”
• “Experiences of Women with Postpartum Depression: Barriers to Seeking Help”
• “The Impact of Nutrition Education on Eating Behaviors Among College Students: A Qualitative Approach”
• “Understanding Resilience in Survivors of Childhood Trauma: A Narrative Inquiry”
• “The Role of Mindfulness in Managing Work-Related Stress Among Corporate Employees: A Qualitative Study”
• “Coping Mechanisms Among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder”
• “Exploring the Psychological Impact of Social Isolation in the Elderly: A Phenomenological Study”
• “Identity Formation in Adolescence: The Influence of Social Media and Peer Groups”
• “The Experience of Forgiveness in Interpersonal Relationships: A Qualitative Exploration”
• “Perceptions of Happiness and Well-Being Among University Students: A Cultural Perspective”
• “The Impact of Art Therapy on Anxiety and Depression in Adult Cancer Patients”
• “Narratives of Recovery: A Qualitative Study on the Journey Through Addiction Rehabilitation”
• “Exploring the Psychological Effects of Long-Term Unemployment: A Grounded Theory Approach”
• “Attachment Styles and Their Influence on Adult Romantic Relationships: A Qualitative Analysis”
• “The Role of Personal Values in Career Decision-Making Among Young Adults”
• “Understanding the Stigma of Mental Illness in Rural Communities: A Qualitative Inquiry”
• “Exploring the Use of Digital Mental Health Interventions Among Adolescents: A Qualitative Study”
• “The Psychological Impact of Climate Change on Young Adults: An Exploration of Anxiety and Action”
• “Navigating Identity: The Role of Social Media in Shaping Youth Culture and Self-Perception”
• “Community Resilience in the Face of Urban Gentrification: A Case Study of Neighborhood Change”
• “The Dynamics of Intergenerational Relationships in Immigrant Families: A Qualitative Analysis”
• “Social Capital and Economic Mobility in Low-Income Neighborhoods: An Ethnographic Approach”
• “Gender Roles and Career Aspirations Among Young Adults in Conservative Societies”
• “The Stigma of Mental Health in the Workplace: Employee Narratives and Organizational Culture”
• “Exploring the Intersection of Race, Class, and Education in Urban School Systems”
• “The Impact of Digital Divide on Access to Healthcare Information in Rural Communities”
• “Social Movements and Political Engagement Among Millennials: A Qualitative Study”
• “Cultural Adaptation and Identity Among Second-Generation Immigrants: A Phenomenological Inquiry”
• “The Role of Religious Institutions in Providing Community Support and Social Services”
• “Negotiating Public Space: Experiences of LGBTQ+ Individuals in Urban Environments”
• “The Sociology of Food: Exploring Eating Habits and Food Practices Across Cultures”
• “Work-Life Balance Challenges Among Dual-Career Couples: A Qualitative Exploration”
• “The Influence of Peer Networks on Substance Use Among Adolescents: A Community Study”

Business and Management

• “Navigating Organizational Change: Employee Perceptions and Adaptation Strategies in Mergers and Acquisitions”
• “Corporate Social Responsibility: Consumer Perceptions and Brand Loyalty in the Retail Sector”
• “Leadership Styles and Organizational Culture: A Comparative Study of Tech Startups”
• “Workplace Diversity and Inclusion: Best Practices and Challenges in Multinational Corporations”
• “Consumer Trust in E-commerce: A Qualitative Study of Online Shopping Behaviors”
• “The Gig Economy and Worker Satisfaction: Exploring the Experiences of Freelance Professionals”
• “Entrepreneurial Resilience: Success Stories and Lessons Learned from Failed Startups”
• “Employee Engagement and Productivity in Remote Work Settings: A Post-Pandemic Analysis”
• “Brand Storytelling: How Narrative Strategies Influence Consumer Engagement”
• “Sustainable Business Practices: Stakeholder Perspectives in the Fashion Industry”
• “Cross-Cultural Communication Challenges in Global Teams: Strategies for Effective Collaboration”
• “Innovative Workspaces: The Impact of Office Design on Creativity and Collaboration”
• “Consumer Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence in Customer Service: A Qualitative Exploration”
• “The Role of Mentoring in Career Development: Insights from Women in Leadership Positions”
• “Agile Management Practices: Adoption and Impact in Traditional Industries”

Environmental Studies

• “Community-Based Conservation Efforts in Tropical Rainforests: A Qualitative Study of Local Perspectives and Practices”
• “Urban Sustainability Initiatives: Exploring Resident Participation and Impact in Green City Projects”
• “Perceptions of Climate Change Among Indigenous Populations: Insights from Traditional Ecological Knowledge”
• “Environmental Justice and Industrial Pollution: A Case Study of Community Advocacy and Response”
• “The Role of Eco-Tourism in Promoting Conservation Awareness: Perspectives from Tour Operators and Visitors”
• “Sustainable Agriculture Practices Among Smallholder Farmers: Challenges and Opportunities”
• “Youth Engagement in Climate Action Movements: Motivations, Perceptions, and Outcomes”
• “Corporate Environmental Responsibility: A Qualitative Analysis of Stakeholder Expectations and Company Practices”
• “The Impact of Plastic Pollution on Marine Ecosystems: Community Awareness and Behavioral Change”
• “Renewable Energy Adoption in Rural Communities: Barriers, Facilitators, and Social Implications”
• “Water Scarcity and Community Adaptation Strategies in Arid Regions: A Grounded Theory Approach”
• “Urban Green Spaces: Public Perceptions and Use Patterns in Megacities”
• “Environmental Education in Schools: Teachers’ Perspectives on Integrating Sustainability into Curricula”
• “The Influence of Environmental Activism on Policy Change: Case Studies of Grassroots Campaigns”
• “Cultural Practices and Natural Resource Management: A Qualitative Study of Indigenous Stewardship Models”

Anthropology

• “Kinship and Social Organization in Matrilineal Societies: An Ethnographic Study”
• “Rituals and Beliefs Surrounding Death and Mourning in Diverse Cultures: A Comparative Analysis”
• “The Impact of Globalization on Indigenous Languages and Cultural Identity”
• “Food Sovereignty and Traditional Agricultural Practices Among Indigenous Communities”
• “Navigating Modernity: The Integration of Traditional Healing Practices in Contemporary Healthcare Systems”
• “Gender Roles and Equality in Hunter-Gatherer Societies: An Anthropological Perspective”
• “Sacred Spaces and Religious Practices: An Ethnographic Study of Pilgrimage Sites”
• “Youth Subcultures and Resistance: An Exploration of Identity and Expression in Urban Environments”
• “Cultural Constructions of Disability and Inclusion: A Cross-Cultural Analysis”
• “Interethnic Marriages and Cultural Syncretism: Case Studies from Multicultural Societies”
• “The Role of Folklore and Storytelling in Preserving Cultural Heritage”
• “Economic Anthropology of Gift-Giving and Reciprocity in Tribal Communities”
• “Digital Anthropology: The Role of Social Media in Shaping Political Movements”
• “Migration and Diaspora: Maintaining Cultural Identity in Transnational Communities”
• “Cultural Adaptations to Climate Change Among Coastal Fishing Communities”

Communication Studies

• “The Dynamics of Family Communication in the Digital Age: A Qualitative Inquiry”
• “Narratives of Identity and Belonging in Diaspora Communities Through Social Media”
• “Organizational Communication and Employee Engagement: A Case Study in the Non-Profit Sector”
• “Cultural Influences on Communication Styles in Multinational Teams: An Ethnographic Approach”
• “Media Representation of Women in Politics: A Content Analysis and Audience Perception Study”
• “The Role of Communication in Building Sustainable Community Development Projects”
• “Interpersonal Communication in Online Dating: Strategies, Challenges, and Outcomes”
• “Public Health Messaging During Pandemics: A Qualitative Study of Community Responses”
• “The Impact of Mobile Technology on Parent-Child Communication in the Digital Era”
• “Crisis Communication Strategies in the Hospitality Industry: A Case Study of Reputation Management”
• “Narrative Analysis of Personal Stories Shared on Mental Health Blogs”
• “The Influence of Podcasts on Political Engagement Among Young Adults”
• “Visual Communication and Brand Identity: A Qualitative Study of Consumer Interpretations”
• “Communication Barriers in Cross-Cultural Healthcare Settings: Patient and Provider Perspectives”
• “The Role of Internal Communication in Managing Organizational Change: Employee Experiences”

Information Technology

• “User Experience Design in Augmented Reality Applications: A Qualitative Study of Best Practices”
• “The Human Factor in Cybersecurity: Understanding Employee Behaviors and Attitudes Towards Phishing”
• “Adoption of Cloud Computing in Small and Medium Enterprises: Challenges and Success Factors”
• “Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain Management: A Qualitative Exploration of Potential Impacts”
• “The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Personalizing User Experiences on E-commerce Platforms”
• “Digital Transformation in Traditional Industries: A Case Study of Technology Adoption Challenges”
• “Ethical Considerations in the Development of Smart Home Technologies: A Stakeholder Analysis”
• “The Impact of Social Media Algorithms on News Consumption and Public Opinion”
• “Collaborative Software Development: Practices and Challenges in Open Source Projects”
• “Understanding the Digital Divide: Access to Information Technology in Rural Communities”
• “Data Privacy Concerns and User Trust in Internet of Things (IoT) Devices”
• “The Effectiveness of Gamification in Educational Software: A Qualitative Study of Engagement and Motivation”
• “Virtual Teams and Remote Work: Communication Strategies and Tools for Effectiveness”
• “User-Centered Design in Mobile Health Applications: Evaluating Usability and Accessibility”
• “The Influence of Technology on Work-Life Balance: Perspectives from IT Professionals”

Tourism and Hospitality

• “Exploring the Authenticity of Cultural Heritage Tourism in Indigenous Communities”
• “Sustainable Tourism Practices: Perceptions and Implementations in Small Island Destinations”
• “The Impact of Social Media Influencers on Destination Choice Among Millennials”
• “Gastronomy Tourism: Exploring the Culinary Experiences of International Visitors in Rural Regions”
• “Eco-Tourism and Conservation: Stakeholder Perspectives on Balancing Tourism and Environmental Protection”
• “The Role of Hospitality in Enhancing the Cultural Exchange Experience of Exchange Students”
• “Dark Tourism: Visitor Motivations and Experiences at Historical Conflict Sites”
• “Customer Satisfaction in Luxury Hotels: A Qualitative Study of Service Excellence and Personalization”
• “Adventure Tourism: Understanding the Risk Perception and Safety Measures Among Thrill-Seekers”
• “The Influence of Local Communities on Tourist Experiences in Ecotourism Sites”
• “Event Tourism: Economic Impacts and Community Perspectives on Large-Scale Music Festivals”
• “Heritage Tourism and Identity: Exploring the Connections Between Historic Sites and National Identity”
• “Tourist Perceptions of Sustainable Accommodation Practices: A Study of Green Hotels”
• “The Role of Language in Shaping the Tourist Experience in Multilingual Destinations”
• “Health and Wellness Tourism: Motivations and Experiences of Visitors to Spa and Retreat Centers”

Qualitative Research Topics

Qualitative Research Topics are as follows:

• Understanding the lived experiences of first-generation college students
• Exploring the impact of social media on self-esteem among adolescents
• Investigating the effects of mindfulness meditation on stress reduction
• Analyzing the perceptions of employees regarding organizational culture
• Examining the impact of parental involvement on academic achievement of elementary school students
• Investigating the role of music therapy in managing symptoms of depression
• Understanding the experience of women in male-dominated industries
• Exploring the factors that contribute to successful leadership in non-profit organizations
• Analyzing the effects of peer pressure on substance abuse among adolescents
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with disabilities in the workplace
• Understanding the factors that contribute to burnout among healthcare professionals
• Examining the impact of social support on mental health outcomes
• Analyzing the perceptions of parents regarding sex education in schools
• Investigating the experiences of immigrant families in the education system
• Understanding the impact of trauma on mental health outcomes
• Exploring the effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy for individuals with anxiety
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful intergenerational relationships
• Investigating the experiences of LGBTQ+ individuals in the workplace
• Understanding the impact of online gaming on social skills development among adolescents
• Examining the perceptions of teachers regarding technology integration in the classroom
• Analyzing the experiences of women in leadership positions
• Investigating the factors that contribute to successful marriage and long-term relationships
• Understanding the impact of social media on political participation
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with mental health disorders in the criminal justice system
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful community-based programs for youth development
• Investigating the experiences of veterans in accessing mental health services
• Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health outcomes
• Examining the perceptions of parents regarding childhood obesity prevention
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful multicultural education programs
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with chronic illnesses in the workplace
• Understanding the impact of poverty on academic achievement
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with autism spectrum disorder in the workplace
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful employee retention strategies
• Investigating the experiences of caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease
• Understanding the impact of parent-child communication on adolescent sexual behavior
• Examining the perceptions of college students regarding mental health services on campus
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful team building in the workplace
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with eating disorders in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of mentorship on career success
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with physical disabilities in the workplace
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful community-based programs for mental health
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with substance use disorders in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of social media on romantic relationships
• Examining the perceptions of parents regarding child discipline strategies
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful cross-cultural communication in the workplace
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with anxiety disorders in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of cultural differences on healthcare delivery
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with hearing loss in the workplace
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful parent-teacher communication
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with depression in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of childhood trauma on adult mental health outcomes
• Examining the perceptions of college students regarding alcohol and drug use on campus
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful mentor-mentee relationships
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with intellectual disabilities in the workplace
• Understanding the impact of work-family balance on employee satisfaction and well-being
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with autism spectrum disorder in vocational rehabilitation programs
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful project management in the construction industry
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with substance use disorders in peer support groups
• Understanding the impact of mindfulness meditation on stress reduction and mental health
• Examining the perceptions of parents regarding childhood nutrition
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful environmental sustainability initiatives in organizations
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with bipolar disorder in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of job stress on employee burnout and turnover
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with physical disabilities in recreational activities
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful strategic planning in nonprofit organizations
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with hoarding disorder in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of culture on leadership styles and effectiveness
• Examining the perceptions of college students regarding sexual health education on campus
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful supply chain management in the retail industry
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with personality disorders in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of multiculturalism on group dynamics in the workplace
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with chronic pain in mindfulness-based pain management programs
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful employee engagement strategies in organizations
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with internet addiction disorder in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of social comparison on body dissatisfaction and self-esteem
• Examining the perceptions of parents regarding childhood sleep habits
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful diversity and inclusion initiatives in organizations
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with schizophrenia in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of job crafting on employee motivation and job satisfaction
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with vision impairments in navigating public spaces
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful customer relationship management strategies in the service industry
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with dissociative amnesia in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of cultural intelligence on intercultural communication and collaboration
• Examining the perceptions of college students regarding campus diversity and inclusion efforts
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful supply chain sustainability initiatives in organizations
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of transformational leadership on organizational performance and employee well-being
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with mobility impairments in public transportation
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful talent management strategies in organizations
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with substance use disorders in harm reduction programs
• Understanding the impact of gratitude practices on well-being and resilience
• Examining the perceptions of parents regarding childhood mental health and well-being
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful corporate social responsibility initiatives in organizations
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with borderline personality disorder in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of emotional labor on job stress and burnout
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with hearing impairments in healthcare settings
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful customer experience strategies in the hospitality industry
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with gender dysphoria in gender-affirming healthcare
• Understanding the impact of cultural differences on cross-cultural negotiation in the global marketplace
• Examining the perceptions of college students regarding academic stress and mental health
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful supply chain agility in organizations
• Understanding the impact of music therapy on mental health and well-being
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with dyslexia in educational settings
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful leadership in nonprofit organizations
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with chronic illnesses in online support groups
• Understanding the impact of exercise on mental health and well-being
• Examining the perceptions of parents regarding childhood screen time
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful change management strategies in organizations
• Understanding the impact of cultural differences on international business negotiations
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with hearing impairments in the workplace
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful team building in corporate settings
• Understanding the impact of technology on communication in romantic relationships
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful community engagement strategies for local governments
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of financial stress on mental health and well-being
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful mentorship programs in organizations
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with gambling addictions in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of social media on body image and self-esteem
• Examining the perceptions of parents regarding childhood education
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful virtual team management strategies
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with dissociative identity disorder in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of cultural differences on cross-cultural communication in healthcare settings
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with chronic pain in cognitive-behavioral therapy programs
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful community-building strategies in urban neighborhoods
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with alcohol use disorders in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of personality traits on romantic relationships
• Examining the perceptions of college students regarding mental health stigma on campus
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful fundraising strategies for political campaigns
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with traumatic brain injuries in rehabilitation programs
• Understanding the impact of social support on mental health and well-being among the elderly
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with chronic illnesses in medical treatment decision-making processes
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful innovation strategies in organizations
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with dissociative disorders in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of cultural differences on cross-cultural communication in education settings
• Examining the perceptions of parents regarding childhood physical activity
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful conflict resolution in family relationships
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with opioid use disorders in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of emotional intelligence on leadership effectiveness
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with learning disabilities in the workplace
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful change management in educational institutions
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with eating disorders in recovery support groups
• Understanding the impact of self-compassion on mental health and well-being
• Examining the perceptions of college students regarding campus safety and security measures
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful marketing strategies for nonprofit organizations
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with postpartum depression in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of ageism in the workplace
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with dyslexia in the education system
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with anxiety disorders in cognitive-behavioral therapy programs
• Understanding the impact of socioeconomic status on access to healthcare
• Examining the perceptions of parents regarding childhood screen time usage
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful supply chain management strategies
• Understanding the impact of parenting styles on child development
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with addiction in harm reduction programs
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful crisis management strategies in organizations
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with trauma in trauma-focused therapy programs
• Examining the perceptions of healthcare providers regarding patient-centered care
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful product development strategies
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with autism spectrum disorder in employment programs
• Understanding the impact of cultural competence on healthcare outcomes
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with chronic illnesses in healthcare navigation
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful community engagement strategies for non-profit organizations
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with physical disabilities in the workplace
• Understanding the impact of childhood trauma on adult mental health
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful supply chain sustainability strategies
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with personality disorders in dialectical behavior therapy programs
• Understanding the impact of gender identity on mental health treatment seeking behaviors
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with schizophrenia in community-based treatment programs
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful project team management strategies
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder in exposure and response prevention therapy programs
• Understanding the impact of cultural competence on academic achievement and success
• Examining the perceptions of college students regarding academic integrity
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful social media marketing strategies
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with bipolar disorder in community-based treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of mindfulness on academic achievement and success
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with substance use disorders in medication-assisted treatment programs
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with anxiety disorders in exposure therapy programs
• Understanding the impact of healthcare disparities on health outcomes
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful supply chain optimization strategies
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with borderline personality disorder in schema therapy programs
• Understanding the impact of culture on perceptions of mental health stigma
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with trauma in art therapy programs
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful digital marketing strategies
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with eating disorders in online support groups
• Understanding the impact of workplace bullying on job satisfaction and performance
• Examining the perceptions of college students regarding mental health resources on campus
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful supply chain risk management strategies
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with chronic pain in mindfulness-based pain management programs
• Understanding the impact of cognitive-behavioral therapy on social anxiety disorder
• Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and well-being
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with eating disorders in treatment programs
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful leadership in business organizations
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with chronic pain in cognitive-behavioral therapy programs
• Understanding the impact of cultural differences on intercultural communication
• Examining the perceptions of teachers regarding inclusive education for students with disabilities
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with depression in therapy programs
• Understanding the impact of workplace culture on employee retention and turnover
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with traumatic brain injuries in rehabilitation programs
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful crisis communication strategies in organizations
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with anxiety disorders in mindfulness-based interventions
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with chronic illnesses in healthcare settings
• Understanding the impact of technology on work-life balance
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with learning disabilities in academic settings
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful entrepreneurship in small businesses
• Understanding the impact of gender identity on mental health and well-being
• Examining the perceptions of individuals with disabilities regarding accessibility in public spaces
• Understanding the impact of religion on coping strategies for stress and anxiety
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with chronic illnesses in complementary and alternative medicine treatments
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful customer retention strategies in business organizations
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with postpartum depression in therapy programs
• Understanding the impact of ageism on older adults in healthcare settings
• Examining the perceptions of students regarding online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful team building in virtual work environments
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with gambling disorders in treatment programs
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with chronic illnesses in peer support groups
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful social media marketing strategies for businesses
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with ADHD in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of sleep on cognitive and emotional functioning
• Examining the perceptions of individuals with chronic illnesses regarding healthcare access and affordability
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with borderline personality disorder in dialectical behavior therapy programs
• Understanding the impact of social support on caregiver well-being
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with chronic illnesses in disability activism
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful cultural competency training programs in healthcare settings
• Understanding the impact of personality disorders on interpersonal relationships
• Examining the perceptions of healthcare providers regarding the use of telehealth services
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with dissociative disorders in therapy programs
• Understanding the impact of gender bias in hiring practices
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with visual impairments in the workplace
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful diversity and inclusion programs in the workplace
• Understanding the impact of online dating on romantic relationships
• Examining the perceptions of parents regarding childhood vaccination
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful communication in healthcare settings
• Understanding the impact of cultural stereotypes on academic achievement
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with substance use disorders in sober living programs
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful classroom management strategies
• Understanding the impact of social support on addiction recovery
• Examining the perceptions of college students regarding mental health stigma
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful conflict resolution in the workplace
• Understanding the impact of race and ethnicity on healthcare access and outcomes
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder in treatment programs
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful project management strategies
• Understanding the impact of teacher-student relationships on academic achievement
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful customer service strategies
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with social anxiety disorder in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of workplace stress on job satisfaction and performance
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with disabilities in sports and recreation
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful marketing strategies for small businesses
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with phobias in treatment programs
• Understanding the impact of culture on attitudes towards mental health and illness
• Examining the perceptions of college students regarding sexual assault prevention
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful time management strategies
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with addiction in recovery support groups
• Understanding the impact of mindfulness on emotional regulation and well-being
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with chronic pain in treatment programs
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful conflict resolution in romantic relationships
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with autism spectrum disorder in social skills training programs
• Understanding the impact of parent-child communication on adolescent substance use
• Examining the perceptions of parents regarding childhood mental health services
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful fundraising strategies for non-profit organizations
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with chronic illnesses in support groups
• Understanding the impact of personality traits on career success and satisfaction
• Exploring the experiences of individuals with disabilities in accessing public transportation
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful team building in sports teams
• Investigating the experiences of individuals with chronic pain in alternative medicine treatments
• Understanding the impact of stigma on mental health treatment seeking behaviors
• Examining the perceptions of college students regarding diversity and inclusion on campus.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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Research on product-service systems: topic landscape and future trends

Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management

ISSN : 1741-038X

Article publication date: 1 June 2021

Issue publication date: 17 December 2021

The paper attempts to address the following research questions (RQs): RQ1: What are the main research topics within PSS research? RQ2: What are future trends for PSS research?

Design/methodology/approach

Twenty years of research (1999–2018) on product-service systems (PSS) produced a significant amount of scientific literature on the topic. As the PSS field is relatively new and fragmented across different disciplines, a review of the prior and relevant literature is important in order to provide the necessary framework for understanding current developments and future perspectives. This paper aims to review and organize research contributions regarding PSS. A machine-learning algorithm, namely Latent Dirichlet Allocation, has been applied to the whole literature corpus on PSS in order to understand its structure.

The adopted approach resulted in the definition of eight distinct and representative topics able to deal adequately with the multidisciplinarity of the PSS. Furthermore, a systematic review of the literature is proposed to summarize the state-of-the-art and limitations in the identified PSS research topics. Based on this critical analysis, major gaps and future research challenges are presented and discussed.

Originality/value

On the basis of the results of the topic landscape, the paper presents some potential research opportunities on PSSs. In particular, challenges, transversal to the eight research topics and related to recent technology trends and digital transformation, have been discussed.

• Product-service systems
• Text mining
• Latent dirichlet allocation
• Topic landscape
• Literature review

Barravecchia, F. , Franceschini, F. , Mastrogiacomo, L. and Zaki, M. (2021), "Research on product-service systems: topic landscape and future trends", Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management , Vol. 32 No. 9, pp. 208-238. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-04-2020-0164

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2021, Federico Barravecchia, Fiorenzo Franceschini, Luca Mastrogiacomo and Mohamed Zaki

Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode .

1. Introduction

The last two decades have seen a growing trend toward research on product-service systems (PSSs). One of the first definitions of the concept was provided by Goedkoop et al. (1999) who stated that PSSs are “systems of products, services, networks of “players” and supporting infrastructure that continuously strives to be competitive, satisfy customer needs and have a lower environmental impact than traditional business models”. The following year, Roy (2000) published one of the early works on this topic, highlighting the positive environmental impacts that arise from the cohesive delivery of products and services.

PSSs are value offering composed of a mix of tangible and non-tangible elements, that can be labeled as products, services and infrastructures ( Goedkoop et al. , 1999 ; Barravecchia et al. , 2020a , b );

the elements of a PSS interact to fulfill customer needs ( Manzini and Vezzoli, 2003 );

PSS-based strategies have positive environmental effects compared to traditional business models ( Roy, 2000 );

Interactions between provider and customers are extended to different phases of PSS lifecycle ( Cavalieri and Pezzotta, 2012 ).

Even if relatively young, this field of research has produced a remarkable amount of scientific literature that analyzed the PSS concept from a plurality of points of view. Despite this, the literature still remains sparse in terms of guidance on how to categorize and delineate studies on PSSs ( Li et al. , 2020 ). Research on PSS is becoming increasingly fine-grained and some fundamental aspects of PSS remain dispersed ( Annarelli et al. , 2016 ). Multiple disciplines are interested in the concept of PSS ( Mont and Tukker, 2006 ). Each of these analyzes the PSS from its specific point of view, sometimes losing the overall view of the phenomenon. This conclusion is proven by the wide diffusion of literature reviews related to specific domains such as design ( Qu et al. , 2016 ), business models ( Reim et al. , 2015 ), or service engineering ( Cavalieri and Pezzotta, 2012 ), while, there is a lack of updated reviews concerning the whole PSS corpus literature ( Moro et al. , 2020 ). Heterogeneity in dealing with problems related to PSS enriches the field of research, but at the same time it is likely to lose a comprehensive view of the phenomenon.

A field of research that is becoming increasingly mature and specialized needs a general framework to collocate the different scientific contributions. Considering this, a structured and objective analysis allowing us to understand the main pillars of the PSS literature could be helpful.

The presented research aims at applying a computational and replicable approach to build on existing literature a theoretical framework capable of framing past, present and future works in PSS research. The methodological approach taken in this study is based on topic modeling analysis so as to produce a clustering of the entire body of literature on PSS. Specifically, the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm was implemented. This approach provides different advantages, including (1) the capability of analyzing a vast number of papers time, (2) the possibility of automatically grouping scientific articles in homogeneous clusters, thus identifying a framework of the main topics in a specific research field, (3) the outputs are not influenced by bias or prior knowledge of the researchers being produced solely by data analysis ( Antons and Breidbach, 2018 ; Asmussen and Møller, 2019 ).

What are the main topics within PSS research? Specific research goals are the recognition and characterization of the main streams of research within the heterogeneous scientific literature on PSS to establish a framework capable of describing the hidden structure of the PSS research corpus.

What are future trends for PSS research? A specific research goal is the recognition of current and future research priorities to address the academic community's efforts.

Trying to answer these questions, this paper provides the following three main contributions: (1) it proposes a conceptual framework – i.e. a topic landscape – to support identifying and understanding topics and trends in PSS research over the last 20 years, (2) it provides an updated overview of issues discussed in PSS literature and (3) it identifies and analyses emerging trends and possible research directions related to PSS.

Moreover, this study represents a first attempt to leverage machine learning and text mining techniques to cluster scientific contributions on PSS and identify the main research topics.

The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presents the methodology applied to produce the topic landscape. Section 3 illustrates the results of the topic landscape of the literature on PSSs. The description of each PSS research topic, including the related literature, is presented in section 4 . Section 5 proposes potential opportunities and future trends in PSS research. The concluding section summarizes the implications, limitations and original contributions of the paper.

2. Mapping the structure of the PSS literature

In order to interpret a corpus as vast as that concerning PSS, the first step is to understand its structure. To this end, one of the challenges to be faced when attempting to analyze the scientific production of a large research field is the identification of the most discussed topic. Online databases make available a massive amount of journal articles and conference proceedings. In managing such a large number of documents, traditional methods, based on a systematic reading and classification of the documents, show some limitations, mainly related to the huge need of time and resources (see Table 1 ).

Trying to overcome these limitations, this study proposes the use of a topic modeling algorithm to identify the hidden structure of PSS literature.

Topic modeling is unsupervised machine-learning algorithms that can discover topics running through a collection of documents and annotating individual documents with topic labels ( Blei et al. , 2003 ). In this research, a specific topic modeling algorithm, i.e. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), has been applied. Given a big set of documents, LDA handles with the problems of: (1) identifying a set of topics that describe a text corpus (i.e. a collection of text document from a variety of sources); (2) associate a set of keywords to each topic and (3) define a specific mixture of these topics for each document ( Blei et al. , 2003 ).

The main difference between topic modeling techniques and traditional literature analysis lies in the cluster identification process ( Asmussen and Møller, 2019 ). Text mining techniques use the information related to the analyzed documents as a whole and cluster the various documents according to their content. From this perspective, this methodology can be defined as a bottom-up approach since the clustering is exclusively based on data analysis without any influence from the expert perceptions and prior knowledge. On the contrary, traditional literature survey methodologies can be considered as top-down approaches since the classification of papers is based either on pre-existing frameworks or on logical and deductive processes driven by an expert.

Table 1 offers a summary of the differences in terms of assumptions and costs between traditional literature review methodologies based on article reading and the topic modeling approach. The main differences relate to the automation of the process and the required to instruct and perform the analysis. In addition, there is evidence that the topic modeling approach allows even researchers with low substantive knowledge of the field under analysis to address the pre-analysis and analysis phases.

In detail, the LDA methodology can be structured in four steps: (1) identification of the text corpus; (2) text-corpus pre-processing; (3) topic extraction and (4) topic labeling and validation (see Figure 1 ). The following sections describe the four aforementioned steps in the specific application case related to the review of the PSS literature.

2.1 PHASE I: identification of the text corpus

The first step in the analysis was the selection of the data source. According to a plurality of authors, Scopus proved to be the bibliometric databases with the highest coverage in engineering and management literature in terms of indexed journals and conference proceeding ( Harzing and Alakangas, 2016 ). Data used for our analysis were retrieved from Scopus in January 2020 ( Scopus Elsevier, 2020 ).

This study focuses its analysis on the literature related to the concept of PSS. Similar concepts such as “Solutions” or “Hybrid offerings” were not explicitly included. The primary difference between PSS and similar concepts lies in their origins and in the different research communities investigating them. PSS is highly related to manufacturing and engineering research (see Table 2 ), while other concepts are mainly associated with marketing or service science ( Ulaga and Reinartz, 2011 ). Moreover, the PSS concept has been associated with the positive impact that it can have on the environmental sustainability of production systems. This aspect is marginal in the scientific literature concerning “hybrid offerings” or “solutions” concepts.

In this view, the main inclusion criterion for article selection was the presence in the title, abstract or keywords of the words “Product-Service Systems”. Analogous notations were also included in the query. The selection of search keywords is consistent with the objective of the paper, which, as mentioned above, is limited to surveying the literature regarding the specific concept of PSS. The resulting query string was: “PSS” OR “PSSs” OR “Industrial product service system” OR “Industrial product service systems” OR “Product Service Systems” OR “Industrial Product Service System” OR “Product-Service Systems” OR “Product/Service-Systems” OR “IPS2” OR “IPSS”. The differences in PSS notation are due to the different origin and academic backgrounds of the authors. In addition, a reference dictionary and standardized definitions have yet to be defined.

Only articles published in scientific peer-reviewed journals and indexed conference proceedings were included in the analysis. This selection resulted in 2028 documents published from 1999 to December 2019, of which 843 were published in journals and the rest on conference proceedings.

Table 2 reports the ten most influential journals in PSS research in terms of the number of published articles. From the table, it can be seen that PSS research covers several domains. In particular, the most critical subject categories in PSS publications are “Engineering”, “Business, Management and Accounting”, “Computer Science”, “Environmental Science” “Energy” and “Decision Sciences”.

Given the limited number of articles published, some strongly influential journals on PSS research are not included in the list reported in Table 2 . Among these, the most prominent are: International Journal of Operations and Production Management; Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture; CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology; Industrial Marketing Management .

As for most of the applications of LDA in the analysis of scientific literature, the collection of the abstract of the documents was used as text corpus for the analysis ( Fang et al. , 2018 ). This phase resulted in the definition of the initial dataset of 534 pages of raw text composed of 286,145 words.

2.2 PHASE II: text corpus pre-processing

Removal of stop words (e.g. “the”, “and”, “when”), punctuation, numbers, words with a low frequency, words generally not related to topical content (e.g. “paper”, “present”);

Text lemmatization, i.e. all the words with similar meaning but with different inflected forms were replaced with a unique lemma (e.g. “manufacturing”, “manufacturer”);

Replacing all the n-grams – i.e. contiguous sequences of n items from a given sequence of text – with a single term;

2.3 PHASE III: topic extraction

The LDA algorithm was used to infer the major topics addressed within the text corpus. To this end, KNIME Analytics Platform, an open-source software, was used. The algorithm requires the definition of three parameters: the Dirichlet hyperparameters ( α , β ) and the number of topics ( T ) ( Blei et al. , 2003 ). Following the indications of Griffiths and Steyvers (2004) , we used β  = 0.1, α  = 50/ T . The optimal number of topics was determined to minimize the value of perplexity, i.e. a statistical measure of how well a probability model predicts a sample ( Clarkson and Robinson, 1999 ). A lower perplexity value suggests a better fit. As shown in Figure 2 , an optimal value of 8 topics can be defined. Based on the statistical distribution of the words in the text corpus, the LDA algorithm generated the list of keywords characterizing each topic (see Table 3 ) and, for each document, its probability of belonging to each of the defined topics.

2.4 PHASE IV: topic labeling and validation

The LDA algorithm identifies sets of keywords associated with each topic without generating a semantic label to describe each topic ( Blei, 2012 ). The authors of this paper used the sets of the principal 15 keywords associated with each topic to assign descriptive labels to each topic. To test their reliability, the defined topic labels were submitted to an external panel of scholars familiar with the PSSs literature, which confirmed the identified labels. The LDA algorithm results were validated by comparing the assigned topic of a randomly selected sample composed of one hundred articles with a manual topic assignment performed by a team of four researchers on PSS-related topics. The validation showed that the LDA algorithm produced a topic assignment that generally did not differ significantly from the results obtained by a manual categorization (estimated accuracy: 93%).

3. Topic landscape of product-service systems research

around 21% of the scientific production on PSSs concerns “PSS design”, followed by “PSS environmental and social impact” (18%) and “PSS & Servitization Process” (13%);

sustainability, including both the design and environmental and social aspects, represents more than a quarter of the scientific production on PSSs (the two topics may seem overlapping, but they deal with different aspects of sustainability: the former concerns the sustainability assessment, while the latter deals with the design of sustainable PSS).

Figure 3 reports the publication trend over time of the eight identified topics. Griffiths and Steyvers (2004) proposed a distinction between hot and cold topics: while the former are topics for which the number of published articles grows over time or remains constant, the latter are topics with a decreasing number of publications. According to this view, none of the topics concerning PSSs can be defined as “cold” (see Figure 3 ). In particular, two topics (“PSS business models” and “PSS environmental and social impact”) show a steady increase in the number of publications. Furthermore, it can be observed that some topics show a leveling in the number of publications, see for example: “Industrial PSS”, “PSS requirement analysis” and “PSS & Servitization Process”.

4. Product-service systems research topics

Results reported in Table 3 provide a framework to understand and analyze the vast literature corpus concerning the concept of PSSs. Since the first definition of the PSS concept, several literature reviews concerning the field of research have been published ( Moro et al. , 2020 ). Most of these cover specific topics (see Table 4 ), whereas only a handful focused on an overall analysis of the PSS literature corpus ( Tukker and Tischner, 2006 ; Baines et al. , 2007 ; Wang et al. , 2011 ; Beuren et al. , 2013 ). Given the highly evaluative context, most of these reviews can be considered dated, being the most recent more than seven years old ( Moro et al. , 2020 ).

The following sections provide an updated overview of PSS research taking into account the theoretical framework presented in the previous sections and recent advances in PSS research.

4.1 PSS design

PSS design is the most influential topic in terms of the number of documents (21%). Studies discussing concepts, methodologies and tools aiming at supporting the design of innovative PSSs are considered part of this topic. The integration between the design process of products and services is intended as the basis for the development of novel PSS ( Aurich et al. , 2006 ; Barravecchia et al. , 2020a , b ). Due to the heterogeneous configuration of PSSs, their design is often characterized by systemic approaches useful to integrate product and service perspective ( Morelli, 2006 ). Several studies agree that the research topic on PSS design is not yet fully mature, a variety of dedicated methodologies have been developed; however, there are neither reference standards nor established models yet ( Vasantha et al. , 2012 ).

Table 5 reports some tools specifically developed to support PSS design during the different phases of the PSS life cycle. To face this aspect, recent contributions on the topic are focusing on integrating digital technologies within PSS.

4.2 PSS environmental and social impact

The offering of PSSs may provide new opportunities in increasing sustainability ( Tukker, 2004 ). Existing research recognizes the critical role of the combined offering of products and services to effectively decrease the consumption of natural resources, reduce environmental impacts and improve social equity and cohesion ( Vezzoli et al. , 2015 ). Moreover, as Tukker (2015) argued, PSSs are one of the most effective instruments for moving society toward a circular economy.

The creation of PSSs long-term relationships with customers provides incentives to extend the useful life of the product and to optimize resource utilization ( Evans et al. , 2007 ). The implementation of service-oriented strategies encourages advances in product life cycle management and facilitates the transition toward more sustainable consumption patterns ( Salazar et al. , 2015 ).

Table 6 introduces and summarizes articles concerning the management and the evaluation of PSS environmental and social impact. Common elements of these studies are: the multidimensional analysis of sustainability, the comparison with traditional business models and the analysis of impacts throughout the PSS life cycle.

4.3 PSS and servitization process

The concepts of servitization and PSSs are strongly related. While the former refers to the progressive transformation process, the latter refers to the output of the servitized manufacturing companies ( Beuren et al. , 2013 ).

The process of servitization has been defined as “the innovation of organization's capabilities and processes to better create mutual value through a shift from selling products to selling Product-Service Systems” ( Neely, 2009 ). It is possible to recognize a variety of forms of servitization ( Baines et al. , 2009 ; Mastrogiacomo et al. , 2020a ), defining the so-called “product-service continuum” ( Kowalkowski et al. , 2015 ), i.e. a continuum from traditional manufacturing companies to product-service providers able to manage all the PSS lifecycle and to offer complex solutions. Interaction between PSS delivery and the servitization process has been analyzed from a variety of points of view. Most characterizing works of the topic are reported in Table 7 . Issues addressed are wide-ranging, covering analysis of the diffusion of the servitization process, impact on the company's performance and challenges to be faced during the transformation process.

4.4 Sustainable PSS

LDA application resulted in the definition of a specific topic on the development of sustainable PSS, with a particular focus on increasing the environmental, social and economic sustainability of complex solutions composed of tangible elements (products) and intangible elements (services). This topic straddles two other topics identified by this analysis: “PSS design” and “PSS environmental and social impact”.

PSSs developed and designed with the explicit purpose of reducing environmental impact are labeled as sustainable PSS (SPSS) ( Roy, 2000 ; Vezzoli et al. , 2015 ) or eco-efficient PSS (EPSS) ( Ceschin, 2013 ). Several practical methodologies have been developed over the past years to address issues related to the development of sustainable PSS. Intending to summarize the main research works, Table 8 provides an overview of articles on the subject.

4.5 PSS business models

PSSs can be seen as new opportunities to create new business models. A growing number of manufacturing companies are shifting their focus to services as a new way of creating and capturing added value ( Adrodegari et al. , 2017b ). The emerging of complex offerings composed of products and services implies a transition from revenue streams mainly determined by selling products to revenue mechanisms based on customer relationship and service provisions ( Mathieu, 2001 ).

Several studies noted that business models are critical for the success of PSS implementations ( Kindström, 2010 ). This is confirmed by the results reported in section 3 , according to which a significant number of papers on PSS deal directly with business model issues, and the topic is also closely related to many other research topics.

There is a general consensus on categorizing the PSS business model into three types: product-oriented, use-oriented and result-oriented business models ( Tukker, 2004 ). These three types of business models can be applied in both consumer-oriented and B2B contexts (e.g. industrial PSS). Besides this, several business model classifications of PSS have been defined ( Barquet et al. , 2013 ; Adrodegari et al. , 2017a ).

Most of the studies related to PSS business models are highly related to a particular application or to the implementation of sustainable strategies integrating both the economic and the environmental aspects ( Boons et al. , 2013 ; Yang et al. , 2017 ). Table 9 shows the most characterizing papers on this topic.

4.6 PSS performance analysis

The performance analysis of PSS is a fundamental step in the implementation of innovative service-oriented strategies ( Qu et al. , 2016 ). There is a broad agreement among experts about the critical role played by the in-depth evaluation of PSSs performance in their management and productivity ( Baines et al. , 2007 ).

Additional challenges for the performance analysis are posed by the PSS heterogeneity being composed of tangible products, intangible services, infrastructures. Traditional tools developed for the analysis of products and services are not capable of capturing the complexity of PSS ( Rondini et al. , 2020 ) . To face this issue, several authors proposed practical approaches and methodologies for evaluating the performance of a PSS. Some of these are adaptations of pre-existing approaches ( Geng and Chu, 2012 ), while others have been explicitly developed for PSS ( Rondini et al. , 2020 ). Table 10 shows the most influential papers on this topic.

4.7 PSS requirements analysis

Given the complexity of value offerings composed of a mix of tangible and intangible elements, the requirement analysis carved out a niche in the scientific literature on PSS. The definition of PSS structure and requirements is a necessary preliminary stage for their design ( Wiesner et al. , 2017 ). The definition of the requirements of a PSS cannot disregard some essential elements: the consideration of the entire PSS life cycle, the demand for customized solutions, the involvement of different stakeholders in the value creation process and the additional services associated with the primary offering ( Berkovich et al. , 2011 ). Several attempts have been made to define novel methods or to adapt existing approaches to the problem of defining PSS requirements ( Cavalieri and Pezzotta, 2012 ). Table 11 shows the state-of-the-art on this topic.

4.8 Industrial PSS

According to Meier et al. (2010) , “an industrial product-service system (IPSS) is characterized by the integrated and mutually determined planning, development, provision and use of product and service shares including its immanent software components in business-to-business applications and represents a knowledge-intensive socio-technical system”.

A shift from product and technology-centered strategies toward the offering of complex solutions comprising both product and services is taking place also in contexts characterized by business-to-business relationships ( Meier et al. , 2011 ).

This topic has been analyzed from different perspectives (see Table 12 ). Apart from a few articles that have defined the concept of Industrial PSS, most of the articles are contaminated by other research topics, in particular by the requirements analysis, design and performance evaluation.

4.9 Relationship between topics

The results of the LDA algorithm allow the construction of a topic network graph, i.e. a directed graph in which nodes represent topics and directed arcs indicate relationships between topics. In detail, the graph shows an arc between two topics, say from “Topic A” to “Topic B”, when documents belonging to “Topic A” have an average probability of belonging to “Topic B” above a certain threshold. For the purpose of this analysis, the selected threshold was set to 5%. The resulting graph is shown in Figure 4 .

“PSS business models” and “PSS design” nodes show the most incoming arcs. This evidence suggests that these two topics are cross-cutting and intertwined with most of the others. The literature review confirms this evidence. The concept of business model and the process of developing and designing novel PSS are also addressed in many of the pivotal papers in other topics. For example, the provision of industrial PSS cannot be achieved without the definition of new business models for the specific industry context or the application of PSS design approaches.

Newer, less developed topics such as “Industrial PSS” have no incoming arcs, meaning it has limited relevance within the documents belonging to any other topics.

5. Future trends in product-service systems research

While previous sections provided structure and interpretation to PSS research, looking at past and present scientific production as well as the relationships between topics, the purpose of this section is to outline potential research trends and challenges yet to be tackled.

5.1 Smart PSS and digital servitization

In parallel with the spread of the concept of PSS and service-oriented business models, there has been a growing diffusion of digital technologies. In recent years, these two once distinct fields of research converged ( Zheng et al. , 2019 ). Digitalization supports companies in the development of new services, business models and innovative products. This process is generally defined as digital servitization ( Kohtamäki et al. , 2019 ). The outputs of the companies that faced the process of digital servitization are PSS that exploit digital technologies, commonly labeled as Smart-PSS, digital PSS, cyber-physical PSS, IoT-enabled PSS, digital-driven PSS ( Zheng et al. , 2019 ).

The LDA algorithm (see section 2 ) did not recognize a specific topic related to these issues, but assigned the articles dealing with these issues to the eight PSS research topics. This result tells us that technology and Smart PSS does not yet represent a pillar of PSS research. Despite this, given the growing importance of digital servitization in research and practice, this area will represent a major challenge for PSS research in all the eight identified topics.

In recent years, interest in smart PSS has grown exponentially (see Figure 5 ). According to data reported in Figure 5 , it can be inferred that Smart PSS is rapidly becoming “hot topic” in the coming years. This fact is also supported by the results of the LDA algorithm. From 2014, most topics have seen the emergence of prominent articles addressing issues related to the deployment of Smart PSS (see Table 13 ).

The analysis of the literature and debate with researchers and practitioners revealed several possible RQs still to be addressed. These potential RQs are reported in Table 14 by dividing them into the eight PSS research topics and the key phases of the PSS life cycle.

Current literature on traditional PSS guided the definition of these RQs. Problems already faced in the study of traditional PSS require new considerations to successfully address the new challenges posed by the implementation of Smart PSS. For instance, consider RQ 1.4, 1.6 and 1.10. These issues were considered critical ten years ago for the development of traditional PSS. The same issues became critical again with the emergence of Smart PSS. Similar considerations can be made for the other phases of the PSS life cycle. See for example RQ 2.4, 2.5, 2.11 for the Delivery phase and RQ 3.2, 3.4, 3.8 for the end-of-life phase of the PSS lifecycle.

Taken together, these challenges provide us with an overview of what is needed for full implementation of smart PSS and what are the main open issues requiring further investigation.

5.2 PSS and emerging technological issues

The previous section highlighted the challenges that need to be addressed to link PSS research with currently diffused digital technologies. However, researchers and companies must also prepare to face new challenges arising from the emergence of new technological paradigms that will invest the digital world and beyond. In this respect, an analysis of the relationships between the top technological trends and PSS research topics deserves more attention. Every year Gartner, a world's leading research and advisory company, highlights strategic trends, including the most promising emerging technologies and business innovations ( Panetta, 2019 ).

Table 15 relates each technological trend with the identified eight PSS research topics and reports the number of articles published in each area. Data were retrieved from Scopus database ( Scopus Elsevier, 2020 ). This table reveals that research on PSS related to emerging technological trends is still limited and particularly recent.

In detail, few studies investigated the relationship between hyperautomation and PSS, mainly focusing on the application of data mining algorithms for the evaluation and management of PSS ( Wiesner et al. , 2017 ; Shimomura et al. , 2018 ). Issues related to multiexperience were partially covered by analyzing the use of augmented reality equipment and smart devices for the maintenance and monitoring of industrial plants with a Product-Service approach ( Mourtzis et al. , 2017 ).

Transparency and traceability, empowered edge, distributed cloud and autonomous things received more, albeit limited, attention in various PSS research topics.

Recent studies associated the study of empowered edge to the topic of industrial PSS ( Liu et al. , 2019a ) and to the design of IoT-based PSSs ( Shao et al. , 2019 ). Few works have explored opportunities resulting from edge-computing and the implementation of IoT technologies in the servitization process ( Heinis et al. , 2018 ).

Issues related to transparency and traceability were mainly addressed in the study of sustainable consumption and production practices of PSS ( Pialot et al. , 2017 ; Sakao, 2019 ). The impact of distributed cloud on PSS strategies is an area partially covered. So far, the study of the distributed cloud paradigm related to the PSS concept resulted in the definition of smart PSSs design tools ( Zheng et al. , 2018 ). Finally, concerning autonomous things, some studies have analyzed their design in specific PSS application, such as autonomous vehicles ( Wang et al. , 2018 ) or collaborative robots ( Cordeiro, 2018 ).

Many technological trends (democratization, human augmentation, practical blockchain and AI security) resulted in having no connection with current PSS research.

Table 15 shows several uncovered areas and emphasizes potential issues that would be matter of research in the PSS field. If the debate on PSS is to be moved forward, a better understanding of the influence of emerging technologies on PSS research topics needs to be developed.

In the past twenty years, the PSS concept advanced in different contexts: product, service and software sector. Nowadays, as aforementioned, the concept of PSS and that of digital transformation are inevitably approaching each other. Business models based on the delivery of tangible products and intangible services contaminate a wide range of sectors and new emerging trends will not be unaffected. It is therefore crucial starting to understand how to leverage these technologies to develop more effective, innovative and sustainable PSS.

In addition to core topics presented in previous sections, further research could usefully attempt to shed light on how these new technologies could impact on the design, management and provision of PSS.

6. Discussion and conclusions

The analysis reported in this article provides insight into what PSS research has been over the past 20 years and offers a key to understanding how it might evolve in the near future.

Given the vastness of the body of literature on PSSs, machine learning and text mining techniques were applied to understand its structure.

Eight topics were identified as pillars of research related to PSSs: (1) PSS design; (2) PSS environmental and social impact; (3) PSS and servitization process; (4) sustainable PSS; (5) PSS business models; (6) PSS performance analysis; (7) PSS requirements analysis and (viii) industrial PSS. “PSS design” and “PSS environmental and social impact” are the two most discussed topics in terms of the number of articles published.

This research confirms the vital link between research on PSS and research on the development of environmentally and socially sustainable production systems. It also reinforces the notion that the advent of the PSS paradigm has necessitated the development of new business models capable of capturing the value generated by the joint offering of products and services. The topic related to PSS business models was found to be central to the literature on PSS and closely related to the other research topics.

Twenty years of research may seem like a long time, but it is very short compared to other fields of research. Therefore, we should expect continued research on the topics identified, delving into particular aspects and providing operational tools to implement, evaluate and improve PSS over time. Alongside the eight identified research topics, however, we can expect others to emerge. Section 5 attempted to identify some of them. The PSS technological aspect is likely to play a key role in the development of the field. Digitization and emerging technologies will contaminate the PSS concept and make it relevant for coming years.

The result of this study strengthens the idea that PSSs often pose significant challenges to a broad range of discipline, ranging from engineering to design and management. For this reason, a map for navigating the literature on PSS can be useful for a variety of subjects. Researchers and practitioners approaching this field can understand how PSS research is structured and can identify key topics and articles, open issues and research gaps that need to be addressed. Conversely, for researchers who are already addressing PSS-related issues, the results of this study may be useful in positioning their research within a framework that may allow them to identify new research opportunities. Finally, research funding organizations and institutions could use the proposed topic landscape to focus and target support and funding.

Further research will be addressed to deepen the analysis between strategic technology trends and PSS research topics.

Methodology of analysis of the PSS literature corpus

Perplexity of the topic model varying the number of topics

Publication trend in PSS research topics

Topic network graph of product-service systems research

Trend of publications on PSS and digital-related topics

Comparison between alternative literature survey methodologies

PSS topic landscape, description and top 15 keywords associated to each topic (keywords ordered by their relative importance)

Literature reviews related to specific PSS research topics

Tools and methodologies for PSS design

Tools and methodologies to manage and assess PSS sustainability

Articles on PSS and servitization process

Tools and methodologies to develop sustainable PSS

Articles on PSS business models

Articles on PSS performance analysis

Articles on PSS requirement analysis

Articles on industrial PSS

Articles concerning Smart PSS in the eight PSS research topics

Potential research questions (RQs) and challenges for Smart PSS research

Relationship between the top 10 Strategic Technology Trends in 2020 (Panetta, 2019) and PSS research topics. The symbol (*) highlights articles published from 2017 to 2019

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Acknowledgements

Funding : This work has been partially supported by “Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca” Award “TESUN-83486178370409 finanziamento dipartimenti di eccellenza CAP. 1694 TIT. 232 ART. 6”.

Corresponding author

About the authors.

Federico Barravecchia is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Department of Management and Production Engineering at Politecnico di Torino. His main scientific interests currently concern the areas of Product-Servic Systems, Service Quality and Quality Engineering.

Fiorenzo Franceschini is a Professor of Quality Engineering at Politecnico di Torino (Italy) – Department of Management and Production Engineering. He is author or coauthor of 9 books and more than 270 many published papers in prestigious scientific journals and international conference proceedings. His current research interests are in the areas of Product-Service Systems, Quality Engineering and Performance Measurements Systems.

Luca Mastrogiacomo is an Associate Professor at the Department of Management and Production Engineering at Politecnico di Torino. His main scientific interests currently concern the areas of Product-Service Systems and Quality Engineering.

Mohamed Zaki is the Deputy Director of the Cambridge Service Alliance at the University of Cambridge (UK), a research center that brings together the world's leading firms and academics to address service challenges. Mohamed's research interests lie in the field of machine learning and its application on Digital Manufacturing and services. He uses an interdisciplinary approach of data science techniques to address a range of real organizations' problems such as measuring and managing customer experience and customer loyalty. Other research interests include digital service transformation strategy and data-driven business models.

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193 Computers Essay Topics

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• What Are the Greatest Challenges in Computer Science Today?
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• How Can Sony Emerge as a Top Contender in the Computer Industry?
• What Is the History of the First Computer?
• Does Computer Penetration Into Secondary Education Encourage Student Engagement?
• How Is Computer Forensics Used in Police Investigations?
• What Is the Role of the Computer Industry?
• Does Computer Usage Change Farmers’ Production and Consumption?
• What Are the Four Types of Computer Memory and How Do They Work?
• How Can Computer Software Be Used as a Tool for Education?
• Will Computer Technology Cause Financial Intermediaries to Become Extinct?

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Challenges in Computer System Servicing NCII

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This dissedation is dedicated to all the people who care enough about education to evaluate and examine this work; to all those who cared enough to persistently encourage me to complete this research; and to the Lord, our Light and Salvation. The development of a rnodularised curriculum for computer competency courses for technikon learners Key words: action research, block module, enduser computing, experiential learning, integrative assessment, IT slo'lis/iteracy/competency. learningfieaching strategy, modularisation, outcomes-based education This study investigated the implications that the scheduling of a block module for a computer competency course over two weeks, has had on the curriculum. The block module was presented at the start of the first semester, 2001 at the Vaal Triangle Technikon. The objectives were to: develop a flexible, outcomes-based curriculum in which the learners had to demonstrate capability and employability by integrating computer competencies in ot...

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Problems Met by Computer System Servicing Grade 10 Students in Gov. Feliciano Leviste Memorial National High School

• Emerson Punzalan

INTRODUCTION

Technology and Livelihood Education under the K-12 curriculum offers the subject Computer System Servicing for grades 9 and 10. The researcher as one of the teachers teaching this subject encounter different attitudes of students towards the subject. The factors teacher, competency, environment, and family were tested to know the highest factor affecting the students.

A descriptive method of research using a questionnaire was utilized to gather empirical data for the study on problems met by CSS students in learning the lesson. The questionnaire was used to make the survey on the most factor that affects the learning of students in the subject. The respondents of the study were forty-five (45) CSS students in GFLMNHS.

Most of the respondents were in the average age bracket, female, and single when it comes to their profile. They also agreed on the problems stated on the questionnaire giving all the factors the verbal interpretation of Agree in their composite mean. The teacher's factor which had the highest composite mean entails that the students were greatly affected by the way on how the teacher acts as the facilitator n class.

DISCUSSIONS

The result demonstrated the need for an action plan to be utilized in the field of Education where all the factors will be dealt with. Teachers, who had been the greatest factor, must be very careful in everything he does in the classroom to make the learning possible and easy.

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What Is Computer Systems Servicing

Definition of Computer System Servicing

Importance of computer systems servicing, components of a computer system, roles and responsibilities of a computer systems servicing professional, types of computer system servicing, tools used in computer systems servicing, the process of computer systems servicing, challenges in computer systems servicing, best practices in computer systems servicing, emerging trends in computer systems servicing, career opportunities in computer systems servicing.

Computers have become an integral part of our lives, serving as our workstations, entertainment hubs, and communication platforms. Just like any other technological marvel, computers require proper care and maintenance to ensure they function optimally. This is where computer system servicing comes into play – a vital process that ensures your computer stays in top-notch condition, performing efficiently and securely.

Computer system servicing refers to the practice of maintaining, repairing, and optimizing computer systems to ensure their smooth operation. It involves a combination of hardware and software tasks, as well as addressing network-related issues. The goal of computer systems servicing is to keep computer systems running efficiently, minimize downtime, and maximize user productivity.

Computer systems servicing plays a crucial role in ensuring the overall performance and reliability of computer systems. Without proper servicing, computer systems may experience frequent breakdowns, decreased performance, and vulnerability to security threats. Regular maintenance and servicing help identify and resolve potential issues before they cause major disruptions. It also helps extend the lifespan of computer systems, saving organizations time and money in the long run.

To understand computer systems servicing, it is important to have a good grasp of its various components. A typical computer system consists of three main components: hardware, software, and network. Let’s explore each of these components in detail.

Hardware Components

Hardware components of a computer system include the physical parts that make up the system, such as the central processing unit (CPU), memory (RAM), hard drive, graphics card, and various input and output devices. These components work together to process and store data, as well as allow users to interact with the computer. A computer systems servicing professional must have a deep understanding of these hardware components to diagnose and repair any issues that may arise.

Software Components

Software components of a computer system refer to the programs and operating systems that enable the hardware components to perform specific tasks. Examples of software components include the operating system (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux), productivity software (e.g., Microsoft Office, Adobe Creative Suite), and specialized applications for specific industries. Computer systems servicing professionals must be proficient in troubleshooting software-related problems and ensuring that software is up to date.

Network Components

Network components of a computer system enable communication between multiple computer systems and devices. This may include routers, switches, server racks, and cables that form a computer network. Network components allow users to share resources, access the internet, and collaborate with others. Computer systems servicing professionals should possess knowledge of network configurations, protocols, and troubleshooting techniques to resolve network-related issues.

Now that we have a solid understanding of the components of a computer system, let’s delve into the roles and responsibilities of a computer systems servicing professional. These professionals are responsible for various tasks related to hardware servicing, software troubleshooting, network setup and maintenance, and implementing security measures.

Computer Hardware Servicing

One of the core responsibilities of a computer systems servicing professional is hardware servicing. This involves diagnosing and repairing hardware issues, replacing faulty components, and upgrading hardware to improve system performance. Hardware servicing may include tasks such as cleaning dust from internal components, replacing defective RAM modules, or troubleshooting power supply issues.

Software Troubleshooting

Software troubleshooting is another key responsibility in computer systems servicing. When software-related issues arise, such as system crashes, application errors, or compatibility problems, a computer systems servicing professional must diagnose and resolve the issues. This may involve updating software, reinstalling programs, or identifying and fixing bugs and errors.

Setting Up and Maintaining Networks

Computer systems servicing professionals are often tasked with setting up and maintaining computer networks. This involves configuring routers, switches, and other network devices, ensuring proper network connectivity, and troubleshooting network-related problems. They may also be responsible for implementing security measures to protect the network from unauthorized access or data breaches.

Implementing Security Measures

In today’s digital age, security is of paramount importance. Computer systems servicing professionals play a crucial role in implementing security measures to protect computer systems from potential threats. This may include installing and configuring firewalls, antivirus software, and intrusion detection systems. They are also responsible for keeping software and systems up to date with the latest security patches and ensuring proper user authentication protocols.

Computer system servicing encompasses various types of services, catering to different needs and scenarios. Let’s explore some common types of computer systems servicing.

Routine Maintenance

Routine maintenance involves regular check-ups, cleaning, and optimization of computer systems to keep them running smoothly. This may include tasks such as disk cleanup, defragmentation, hardware diagnostics, and software updates. Routine maintenance helps prevent system slowdowns, improves overall performance, and identifies potential issues before they escalate.

Emergency Repair

In cases of sudden system failures or critical errors, emergency repair services are required to resolve the issue as quickly as possible. Computer systems servicing professionals must be adept at troubleshooting and diagnosing problems under time pressure. Emergency repairs may involve replacing defective hardware components, recovering data from crashed systems, or restoring system stability after a critical failure.

Upgrades and Installations

As technology advances, hardware and software components become outdated, limiting system performance and capabilities. Upgrades and installations involve replacing or adding new components to enhance system performance, expand storage capacity, or accommodate the latest software requirements. Whether it’s upgrading RAM or installing a new operating system, computer systems servicing professionals are responsible for ensuring seamless integration and proper functioning.

Network Management Services

Network management services focus on maintaining and optimizing computer networks. This may include tasks such as monitoring network performance, detecting and resolving network issues, configuring network devices, and ensuring secure connections. Network management services help organizations minimize network downtime, improve data transmission speed, and strengthen network security.

To perform their tasks effectively, computer systems servicing professionals rely on a variety of tools. These tools can be divided into four main categories: hardware tools, software tools, diagnostics tools, and network troubleshooting tools.

Hardware Tools

Hardware tools are physical tools used to repair, replace, or diagnose issues with computer hardware components. Examples of hardware tools include screwdrivers, pliers, cable testers, multimeters, and anti-static wristbands. These tools enable professionals to safely remove and replace components, check voltage levels, and test connectivity.

Software Tools

Software tools are programs that help computer systems servicing professionals diagnose and troubleshoot software-related issues. These tools may include disk cleanup utilities, antivirus software, system monitoring tools, and operating system diagnostic tools. Software tools enable professionals to detect and resolve software glitches, optimize system performance, and maintain data integrity.

Diagnostics Tools

Diagnostics tools are specialized tools that aid in identifying and diagnosing hardware or software problems. These tools may include hardware diagnostic software, memory testers, hard drive diagnostic tools, or network analyzers. Diagnostics tools help computer systems servicing professionals pinpoint the root causes of system issues, enabling them to implement appropriate solutions.

Network Troubleshooting Tools

Network troubleshooting tools are specifically designed to identify and resolve network-related issues. These tools may include network analyzers, packet sniffers, network performance monitors, or network configuration management software. Network troubleshooting tools enable professionals to detect network connectivity problems, analyze network traffic, and resolve issues promptly.

Now that we have covered the components, roles, and tools of computer systems servicing, let’s take a closer look at the actual process of servicing a computer system. While the specific steps may vary depending on the nature of the problem and the organization’s procedures, the following general process is typically followed.

Initial Diagnosis

The first step in the computer systems servicing process is to perform an initial diagnosis of the system. This involves gathering information from the user, examining error messages or system logs, and running diagnostic tools to identify the cause of the problem. By accurately diagnosing the issue, the servicing professional can determine the most appropriate course of action.

Repair or Replacement of Components

Once the cause of the problem has been identified, the next step is to repair or replace the faulty components. This may involve opening the computer system to access the internal hardware, cleaning or replacing defective components, or reinstalling software. Repairing or replacing components ensures that the system is restored to optimal functionality.

Software and System Updates

After addressing the immediate issue, the computer systems servicing professional must ensure that the system is up to date with the latest software and system updates. This includes updating the operating system, installing the latest security patches, updating device drivers, and installing any necessary software upgrades. Regular updates help improve system performance, enhance security, and ensure compatibility with the latest applications.

Final Testing and Verification

Once all repairs, replacements, and updates have been performed, the final step in the computer systems servicing process is to test and verify the system’s functionality. This involves running various tests to ensure that the problem has been resolved and that the system is operating as expected. The servicing professional may conduct performance tests, check hardware functionality, and verify software compatibility. Through this final testing and verification phase, any remaining issues can be identified and addressed before returning the system to the user.

Computer systems servicing is not without its challenges. Here are some common challenges faced by professionals in this field and how they can be overcome.

Hardware Compatibility Issues

With a wide range of hardware components available in the market, compatibility issues can arise when integrating new hardware into existing systems. To overcome this challenge, computer systems servicing professionals must research and ensure compatibility before making hardware selections. Proper planning, testing, and consultation with vendors can help prevent compatibility issues and ensure smooth system integration.

Software Bugs and Errors

Software bugs and errors can cause system crashes, application malfunctions, and data corruption. To overcome this challenge, computer systems servicing professionals must stay updated on the latest software patches, fixes, and updates. Regularly applying software updates and employing effective troubleshooting techniques can help resolve software-related issues and minimize disruptions.

Network Connectivity Problems

Network connectivity problems, such as slow internet speeds or intermittent connectivity, can severely impact productivity and hinder collaboration. To overcome this challenge, computer systems servicing professionals must have a solid understanding of network protocols, configurations, and troubleshooting techniques. Thoroughly analyzing network infrastructure, checking cable connections, and isolating the root cause of connectivity issues can help restore network functionality promptly.

Security and Privacy Concerns

In an era of increasing cybersecurity threats, computer systems servicing professionals must address security and privacy concerns. This involves implementing robust security protocols, educating users about best practices, and staying updated on the latest security threats and solutions. By proactively identifying vulnerabilities, implementing appropriate security measures, and conducting regular security audits, professionals can help protect computer systems from potential breaches.

To ensure optimal performance and reliability of computer systems, computer systems servicing professionals should adopt the following best practices:

Regular System Updates and Checks

Regularly updating both hardware and software components, as well as conducting routine system checks, is crucial to identify and resolve potential issues before they escalate. System updates should include the latest security patches, software upgrades, and hardware firmware updates. Regular system checks can include running diagnostics tools, disk cleanup, and system optimization tasks.

Prompt Response to Faults or Failures

In the event of system faults or failures, quick and efficient response is key to minimizing downtime and preventing further damage. Computer systems servicing professionals should prioritize timely communication, provide regular updates to users, and strive to resolve issues promptly. This includes maintaining a well-documented incident management process and establishing effective communication channels with users.

Maintaining Backup and Recovery Systems

Data loss can have severe consequences, both for individuals and organizations. Computer systems servicing professionals should implement robust backup and recovery systems to ensure data integrity and facilitate swift recovery in the event of hardware or software failures. Regularly backing up critical data, testing backup systems, and having documented recovery procedures are essential best practices in data protection.

Implementing Robust Security Protocols

Computer systems servicing professionals must prioritize cybersecurity by implementing stringent security protocols. This includes using strong and unique passwords, enabling two-factor authentication, restricting user access privileges, and employing encryption for sensitive data. Regular security assessments, vulnerability scanning, and employee training on cybersecurity best practices are essential components of an effective security strategy.

Computer systems servicing is an ever-evolving field, and professionals must stay updated on emerging trends to provide the best service. Here are some of the emerging trends in computer systems servicing:

Cloud-based System Management

Cloud-based system management allows organizations to manage computer systems remotely through cloud platforms. This enables efficient deployment of updates, monitoring of system performance, and remote troubleshooting. Computer systems servicing professionals should familiarize themselves with cloud-based system management tools and platforms to meet the changing needs of organizations.

Using AI in Diagnostics and Repairs

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly powerful in diagnosing system issues and providing automated repair solutions. AI-powered diagnostics tools can analyze system logs, predict potential failures, and recommend appropriate actions. Computer systems servicing professionals should embrace AI technologies to enhance their diagnostic capabilities and deliver faster, more accurate repairs.

Remote Servicing and Support

With the rise of remote work, the demand for remote servicing and support has also increased. Computer systems servicing professionals should leverage remote access tools and virtual collaboration platforms to provide efficient support without the need for in-person visits. This not only saves time and travel costs but also allows for prompt response to system issues, regardless of location.

Preventive Maintenance using Predictive Analytics

Predictive analytics uses historical data and machine learning algorithms to identify patterns and predict future system failures. By proactively identifying potential issues, computer systems servicing professionals can implement preventive maintenance measures, such as proactive hardware replacements or software updates, to minimize system downtime. Embracing predictive analytics can help optimize system performance and reduce unscheduled maintenance.

A career in computer systems servicing offers diverse opportunities for individuals passionate about technology and problem-solving. Here are some key aspects to consider when exploring career opportunities in this field.

Job Roles and Titles

Job roles in computer systems servicing vary depending on the organization, industry, and level of expertise. Some common job roles include computer systems technician, IT support specialist, network administrator, system analyst, and IT consultant. Specialized roles may also exist, such as server engineer or cybersecurity analyst. The exact job title and responsibilities may differ between organizations, so it’s important to review job descriptions and requirements carefully.

Demand and Growth Prospects

As technology continues to advance, the demand for computer systems servicing professionals is expected to remain strong. Organizations of all sizes and across various industries rely on computer systems for their day-to-day operations, ensuring a steady demand for skilled professionals. With the increasing dependence on technology, individuals with expertise in computer systems servicing can expect promising growth prospects and career advancement opportunities.

Required Skills and Certifications

Important skills for computer systems servicing professionals include strong problem-solving abilities, technical proficiency in hardware and software, analytical thinking, and communication skills. Additionally, industry certifications such as CompTIA A+, Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP), Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA), or Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) can enhance job prospects and demonstrate expertise in specific areas.

Career Path and Progression

Career paths in computer systems servicing can vary based on personal interests and aspirations. Entry-level roles often involve providing technical support and troubleshooting assistance to end-users. With experience and additional certifications, professionals can progress to higher-level roles, such as network administration, system analysis, or IT management. Continuous learning and staying updated on emerging technologies can open doors to further career advancement.

In conclusion, computer systems servicing is a critical field that ensures the smooth operation of computer systems. By understanding the components, roles, challenges, best practices, emerging trends, and career opportunities in computer systems servicing, you are well-equipped to embark on a fulfilling journey in this ever-evolving field. Remember to stay curious, embrace technological advancements, and continuously upgrade your skills to thrive in the exciting world of computer systems servicing.

A tech analyst with a talent for breaking down complex technologies into understandable concepts, Brian keeps his readers ahead of the curve in the tech world.

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• Conference proceedings
• © 2019
• Computer Supported Qualitative Research

New Trends on Qualitative Research

• António Pedro Costa 0 ,
• Luís Paulo Reis 1 ,
• António Moreira 2

Department of Education and Psychology, Didactics and Technology in Teacher Education (CIDTFF) Research Centre, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

You can also search for this editor in PubMed   Google Scholar

Informatics Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering LIACC Research Center, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

• Explores the latest findings and trends in computer assisted qualitative analysis
• Presents the best papers from the World Conference on Qualitative Research (WCQR2018), held in Lisbon, Portugal on October 17–19, 2018, as well as invited papers from the plenary speakers
• Includes case studies and practical applications

Part of the book series: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (AISC, volume 861)

Conference series link(s): WCQR: World Conference on Qualitative Research

29k Accesses

57 Citations

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Conference proceedings info: WCQR 2018.

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Table of contents (26 papers)

Front matter, describing the experience of young researchers in interdisciplinary qualitative research based on critical discourse analysis (cda) using nvivo®.

• Carolina Lopes Araujo, Eliane Almeida do Carmo, Raiza Gomes Fraga

Contributions and Limits to the Use of Softwares to Support Content Analysis

• Clara Suzana Cardoso Braga, Diego de Queiroz Machado, Márcia Zabdiele Moreira, Rafael Fernandes de Mesquita, Fátima Regina Ney Matos

Development of Basic Spatial Notions Through Work with Educational Robotics in the Early Childhood Education Classroom and Analysis of Qualitative Data with WebQDA Software

• Noelia Bizarro Torres, Ricardo Luengo González, José Luís Carvalho

What Is Better to Study: The Printed Book or the Digital Book?: An Exploratory Study of Qualitative Nature

• José Luís Carvalho, Ricardo Luengo González, Luis M. Casas García, Javier Cubero Juarez

FromText: New Functionalities for a QDA Software

• Gabriel da Silva Bruno, Paula Carolei

IRAMUTEQ Software and Discursive Textual Analysis: Interpretive Possibilities

• Maurivan Güntzel Ramos, Valderez Marina do Rosário Lima, Marcelo Prado Amaral-Rosa

Risk Management of STEM Education - The Strategic Risk: Teachers - Opportunities, Training and Social Status in Israel

• Anat Even-Zahav

The Main Features of Nvivo Software and the Procedures of the Grounded Theory Methodology: How to Implement Studies Based on GT Using CAQDAS

• Jakub Niedbalski, Izabela Ślęzak

Curriculum Co-design for Cultural Safety Training of Medical Students in Colombia: Protocol for a Qualitative Study

• Juan Pimentel, Germán Zuluaga, Andrés Isaza, Adriana Molina, Anne Cockcroft, Neil Andersson

Contribution of Textual Analysis by ALCESTE Software to Determine Dimensional Publicness and Public Values: An Application on Two Banks of the French Local Authorities

• Muriel Michel-Clupot, Serge Rouot

Generating Empirically Grounded Typology from Narrative Data

• Victoria Semenova

Capturing Nordic Identifications Through Participatory Photography

• Solveig Cornér, Maria Forsius, Gunilla Holm, Harriet Zilliacus, Elisabet Öhrn

Biomechanics of Nurse Midwives in the Delivery: Contribution of Qualitative Research

• Armando David Sousa, Cristina Lavareda Baixinho, Fátima Mendes Marques, Mário Cardoso, Maria Helena Presado

Teacher Narratives on the Practice of Conflict Mediation

• Elisabete Pinto da Costa, Susana Sá

Millennials’ Representations Regarding Cohabitation: A Qualitative Exploratory Study

• Mariana Silva, Gonçalo Reis, Catarina Brandão

A Conceptual Model for Action and Design Research

• Telmo Antonio Henriques, Henrique O’Neill

Approaching Ethnographic Research About Human Interaction as Making Music Together

• William K. Rawlins

Qualitative Architecture. A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Provision of Social Housing. Case Study Cuenca - Ecuador

• Marco Avila Calle, Mauricio Orellana Quezada, Jorge Toledo Toledo, María de los Ángeles Tello Atiencia, Federico Córdova González

Good Night Stories for Rebel Girls : Disrupting a Computing Engineering Class in the Higher Education Context

• Patricia López Estrada

Other Volumes

This book includes a selection of papers presented at the Third World Conference on Qualitative Research (WCQR2018), held in Lisbon, Portugal on October 17–19, 2018. The WCQR2018 focused on four main fields of application (Education, Health, Social Sciences, and Engineering and Technology) and seven main subjects: Rationale and Paradigms of Qualitative Research; Systematization of Approaches with Qualitative Studies; Qualitative and Mixed Methods Research; Data Analysis Types; Innovative Processes of Qualitative Data Analysis; Qualitative Research in Web Contexts; and Qualitative Analysis with the Support of Specific Software. Given its breadth of coverage, the book offers a valuable resource for academics, researchers, teachers and students seeking information on the above topics, and on the use of Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis (CAQDAS). 

• Qualitative Research
• Qualitative Analysis Software

António Pedro Costa

Luís Paulo Reis

António Moreira

Book Title : Computer Supported Qualitative Research

Book Subtitle : New Trends on Qualitative Research

Editors : António Pedro Costa, Luís Paulo Reis, António Moreira

Series Title : Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01406-3

Publisher : Springer Cham

eBook Packages : Engineering , Engineering (R0)

Copyright Information : Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019

Softcover ISBN : 978-3-030-01405-6 Published: 27 September 2018

eBook ISBN : 978-3-030-01406-3 Published: 26 September 2018

Series ISSN : 2194-5357

Series E-ISSN : 2194-5365

Edition Number : 1

Number of Pages : XIII, 318

Number of Illustrations : 69 b/w illustrations

Topics : Computational Intelligence , Artificial Intelligence

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