sba task assignment november 2023

Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks (Topics) and Memos (SBA)

Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks (Topics) and Memos for: term 1, Term 2, Term 3 and Term 4

Assessment is a continuous planned process of identifying, gathering and interpreting information about the performance of learners, using various forms of assessment. It involves four steps: generating and collecting evidence of achievement; evaluating this evidence; recording the findings and using this information to understand and assist with the learners’ development to improve the process of learning and teaching. Assessment should be both informal (assessment for learning) and formal (assessment of learning). In both cases regular feedback should be provided to learners to enhance the learning experience.

School-based assessment (SBA) is a purposive collection of learners’ work that tells the story of learners’ efforts, progress or achievement in given areas. The quality of SBA tasks is integral to learners’ preparation for the final examinations.

This booklet serves as a resource of four exemplar SBA tasks to schools and subject teachers of Geography. SBA marks are formally recorded by the teacher for progression and certification purposes. The SBA component is compulsory for all learners. Learners who cannot comply with the requirements specified according to the policy may not be eligible to enter for the subject in the final examination.

The formal assessment tasks provide the teacher with a systematic way of evaluating how well learners are progressing. This publication includes tests, a project and a case study. Formal assessment tasks form part of a year-long formal programme of assessment. These tasks should not be taken lightly and learners should be encouraged to submit their best possible efforts for final assessment.

The teachers are expected to ensure that assessment tasks are relevant to and suitable for the learners being taught. Teachers should adapt the tasks to suit learners’ level of understanding and should be context-bound; however, they should also take cognisance of the requirements as set out in the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) document.

Table of Contents

Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks

Term 2 2024 research tasks.

• Geography Grade 12 Term 2 2024 Research Tasks

Term 2 2023 Research Tasks

• Geography Grade 12 Research Task Term 2 Project 2023 Answer Guide: Limpopo

Video Guide

What Skills are Assessed for Research Tasks in Grade 12

The following skills are assessed. Some/All of these skills may be tested in any external examination:

• Gathering data
• Interpreting data
• Analysing data
• Comparing different sets of data
• Representing data in written, graphic or mapped format
• Problem-solving
• Drawing conclusions
• Hypothesis statements

Research framework for assessment (Guideline on administration of research task)

Step 1: Formulating a hypothesis/problem statement.

Guideline: geography grade 12 research tasks.

Step 1: Formulating a hypothesis/problem statement. As Geographers we seek to understand and explain the interactions amongst humans, and between humans and the environment in space and time. This is achieved by asking questions or making informed geographical decisions. This entails the development of a hypothesis or a problem statement to be tested.

• You have to choose a specific area of study where a geographical problem exists.
• During this stage, a geographical question showing a problem is asked.
• Identify the problem from a local area.
• Formulate a hypothesis or a problem statement. (Hypothesis research is used to prove that certain variables are dependent on or independent of each other. Problem statement research is only to highlight that a specific problem exists in a specific community.)
• You should then follow the steps of research to ensure that the geographical question is answered.

Geography Research Project Topics for Grade 12 South Africa

• The value of property along north-facing slopes is higher than the value of property along south-facing slopes in Meyersdal, Gauteng (choose local area).
• The cause of rural-urban migration in Ndwedwe, KwaZulu-Natal (choose local area), is the lack of service delivery in the health sector.
• Climate change will impact negatively on grape farming and related industries in the Western Cape.
• The closing down of many primary schools in Lusikisiki (Eastern Cape) (choose a local area) is due to a decline of the population in the age group 7 to 15 years.
• The poor condition of roads (specify the names of the roads) leading to/in Harrismith, Free State (choose local area), is due to the lack of proper planning by the local municipality.
• The impact of building a dam along the Jukskei River in Gauteng (choose local area) upstream of Alexandra will reduce flooding and the subsequent loss of life in Alexandra.
• The e-toll system will impact negatively on the economic position of people using private transport in Gauteng.
• The e-toll system will impact positively on traffic flow to the major urban centres in Gauteng.
• Informal settlements in the Vhembe district of Limpopo have low levels of development due to the lack of provision of basic needs (choose ONE informal settlement in your local area.)
• Overcrowding of informal settlements is due to the lack of proper planning by the local government (choose local area).

Step 2: Background information about an area of study

• You must explain where in South Africa the study area is located. (This can be indicated on the map.)
• Describe the study area in terms of its exact position (degrees, minutes and seconds).
• Provide relevant information about the area, for example population of the area or climate of the area.

Step 3: Mapping

• You must provide a map of the area in question.
• During this stage you must create a buffer zone around the area where the geographical problem exists.
• The map should have a clear legend/key and must be drawn to scale. The scale must be indicated on the map.
• If the map used covers a wider area, buffer zones around the area of study should be created.
• The map used should be the most recent map of the study area

Step 4: Methods of data collection

(a) PRIMARY DATA SOURCES

• The use of questionnaires
• Observations
• Field trips

(b) SECONDARY DATA SOURCES

• Newspaper articles
• Government department statistics

Step 5: Analysis and synthesis of data

• Learners must use collected data now to formulate a discussion around the existing geographical problem. • At this stage learners should represent some of the information graphically where necessary, for example graphs and sketches. • Learners must analyse graphic information during this stage.

Step 6: Recommendations and possible solutions

• Learners should now make recommendations to solve the geographical problem in question. • Learners should present their original and realistic opinions as far as they possibly can.

Step 7: Conclusion – accept or reject the hypothesis

• Learners should now take a decision to either ACCEPT or REJECT the hypothesis.
• Learners must give reasons for either ACCEPTING or REJECTING the hypothesis

Step 8: Bibliography

• Learners must include a comprehensive bibliography.
• Learners must list websites in full.
• Learners must include annexures of questionnaires and interviews conducted

View all # Geography-Grade 12 Study Resources

We have compiled great resources for Geography Grade 12 students in one place. Find all Question Papers, Notes, Previous Tests, Annual Teaching Plans, and CAPS Documents.

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Source: Department of Basic Education

SBA Exemplar Booklet (Gr. R)

SBA Exemplar Booklet FAL (Gr. 1 - 3)

SBA Exemplar Booklet HL (Gr. 1 - 3)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Life Skills (Gr. 1 - 3)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Mathematics (Gr. 1 - 3)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Life Skills (Gr. 4 - 6)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Mathematics (Gr. 4 - 6)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Natural Sciences (Gr. 4 - 6)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Social Science (Gr. 4 - 6)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Life Orientation (Gr. 5 - 7)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Dance (Gr. 7 - 9)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Drama (Gr. 7 - 9)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Economics and Management Science (Gr. 7 - 9)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Mathematics (Gr. 7 - 9)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Natural Science (Gr. 7 - 9)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Technology (Gr. 7 - 9)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Visual Arts (Gr. 7 - 9)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Music (Gr. 7 - 9)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Social Science (Gr. 7 - 9)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Agricultural Sciences (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Dance Studies (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Design (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Drama (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Music (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Visual Arts (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Accounting (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Business Studies (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Economics (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Information Technology (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Afrikaans FAL (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Afrikaans HL (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Afrikaans SAL (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet English FAL (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet English HL and Oral (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet isiXhosa HL and Oral (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Setswana HL (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Life Sciences (Gr. 10 - 12)

Setting SBA tasks: Life Sciences (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Mathematical Literacy (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Mathematics (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Physical Sciences (Chemistry) (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Physical Sciences (Physics) (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Consumer Studies (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Geography (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet History (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Hospitality Studies (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Life Orientation (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Religion Studies (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Tourism (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Civil Technology (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Electrical Technology (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Engineering and Graphic Design (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Booklet Mechanical Technology (Gr. 10 - 12)

SBA Exemplar Accounting Gr. 12 Learner Guide | SBA Rekeningkunde Voorbeelde Gr. 12 Leerdergids

SBA Exemplar Accounting Gr. 12 Teacher Guide | SBA Rekeningkunde Voorbeelde Gr. 12 Onderwysergids

SBA Exemplar Geography Gr. 12 Learner Guide | SBA Geografie Voorbeelde Gr. 12 Leerdergids

SBA Exemplar Geography Gr. 12 Teacher Guide | SBA Geografie Voorbeelde Gr. 12 Onderwysergids

SBA Exemplar History Gr. 12 Learner Guide | SBA Geskiedenis Voorbeelde Gr. 12 Leerdergids

SBA Exemplar History Gr. 12 Teacher Guide | SBA Geskiedenis Voorbeelde Gr. 12 Onderwysergids

SBA Exemplar Life Sciences Gr. 12 Learner Guide | SBA Lewenswetenskappe Voorbeelde Gr. 12 Leerdergids

SBA Exemplar Life Sciences Gr. 12 Teacher Guide | SBA Lewenswetenskappe Voorbeelde Gr. 12 Onderwysergids

SBA Exemplar Mathematics Gr. 12 Learner Guide | SBA Wiskunde Voorbeelde Gr. 12 Leerdergids

SBA Exemplar Mathematics Gr. 12 Teacher Guide | SBA Wiskunde Voorbeelde Gr. 12 Onderwysergids

SBA Exemplar Physical Sciences Gr. 12 Learner Guide | SBA Fisiese Wetenskappe Voorbeelde Gr. 12 Leerdergids

SBA Exemplar Physical Sciences Gr. 12 Teacher Guide | SBA Fisiese Wetenskappe Voorbeelde Gr. 12 Onderwysergids

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Mathematics Grade 12 SBA Tasks and Memos CAPS

Mathematics Grade 12 SBA Tasks and Memos CAPS South Africa: Content on this page will help you in your exams, tests, sba, and assignments. Mathematics is a methodical application of matter. Mathematics makes our life orderly and prevents chaos. Certain qualities that are nurtured by mathematics are power of reasoning, creativity, abstract or spatial thinking, critical thinking, problem-solving ability and even effective communication skills.

Topics covered in Mathematics Grade 12 CAPS

• Patterns, Sequences and Series
• Functions and Interverse Functions
• Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
• Finance, Growth and Decay
• Trigonometry: Compound and Double Angle Identities
• Trigonometry: Problem Solving in Two and Three Dimentions
• Polynomials
• Differential Calculus
• Analytical Geometry
• Euclidean Geometry
• Counting Principles and Probability

What Careers can i pursue with Mathematics after Matric?

• Acoustic consultant
• Actuarial analyst
• Chartered accountant
• Chartered certified accountant
• Data analyst
• Data scientist
• Investment analyst
• Research scientist (maths)
• Secondary school teacher
• Software engineer
• Sound engineer
• Statistician

List of Mathematics Grade 12 SBA Tasks and Memos CAPS South Africa:

Mathematics Grade 12 is completed in 4 terms in a year: Term 1, Term 2, Term 3, and Term 4. It is done in all South African Provinces such as: Gauteng, Free State, Limpopo, North West, Mpumalanga, Western Cape, Northern Cape, Eastern Cape, and Kwazulu Natal. Mathematics Grade 12 is done in English and Afrikaans languages, and consist of Paper 1 and Paper 2 Exams

Hello Grade 12 Learners. How and When has everything for you needed to pass your Grade 12 exams, tests, assessments, research tasks and assignments under the South African CAPS Curriculum . Feel free to download all useful study material for grade 12, such as Study Guides, and Previous Exam Papers with Answer Momos .

Why passing Grade 12 is a must for your Career?

Why passing Grade 12 is a must for your Career? Grade 12 ultimately makes you ready for the real world of work out there, and most importantly matric is your bridge to varsity. You really need good marks in Grade 12 in order to pass well and study what you like . Good Grade 12 marks will enable you to get a APS Score.

The calculation of an Admission Point Score (APS) is based on a candidate’s achievement in any SIX recognised National Senior Certificate 20-credit subjects (including subjects from the non-designated subject list, e.g. Computer Applications Technology , Tourism , Hospitality Studies and Civil , Electrical & Mechanical Technology , etc.), by using the NSC seven-point rating scale. Life Orientation is a 10-credit subject and may not be used for calculating the APS. Life Orientation is also not a faculty-specific subject requirement.

Other Subjects for Grade 12

Have a look at other free resources for Grade 12 Subjects

• Accounting Grade 12
• Economics Grade 12
• Mathematics Grade 12
• Geography Grade 12
• Technical Mathematics Grade 12
• Physical Science Grade 12
• Life Sciences Grade 12
• Technical Sciences Grade 12
• Mathematics Literacy Grade 12
• Biology Grade 12
• Life Orientation Grade 12
• Religion Studies Grade 12
• Business Studies Grade 12
• Consumer Studies Grade 12
• Tshivenda Home Language Grade 12
• IsiXhosa Home Language Grade 12
• IsiZulu Home Language Grade 12
• Sepedi Home Language Grade 12
• Sesotho Home Language Grade 12
• Setswana Home Language Grade 12
• Seswati Home Language Grade 12
• Afrikaans Home Language Grade 12
• English Home Language Grade 12
• Xitsonga Home Language Grade 12
• Tourism and Hospitality Studies Grade 12
• Computer Applications Technology Grade 12
• Civil Technology Grade 12
• Electrical Technology Grade 12
• Engineering Graphics and Designs Grade 12
• Information Technology Grade 12
• Mechanical Technology Grade 12
• Agricultural Sciences Grade 12
• Agricultural Technology Grade 12
• Agricultural Management Practices Grade 12
• Dance Studies Grade 12
• Design Grade 12
• Dramatic Arts Grade 12
• Music Grade 12
• Visual Arts Grade 12

Sexuality education in Ghana’s schools: some answers to ‘when’ and ‘what’

Mathematics grade 11 study guides caps, related posts, find mathematical literacy grade 12 september 2023 trial exam question papers and memos: pdf download.

Mathematics  Grade 12 November 2021 Final NSC Exams question papers and memorandums

Mathematics  Grade 12 May – June Mid Year Exams 2021 previous Papers for downloads

Mathematics Grade 12 November 2020 Question Papers and Memos

Mathematics Grade 12 Past Papers and Memos for 2021 CAPS

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Life Orientation Grade 12 Tasks with Memos for Previous Years

Download Life Orientation Grade 12 Tasks with Memos for Previous Years Task 1, Task 2, Task 3, for 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, and 2019.

Life Orientation (LO) is a compulsory subject for Grade 12 learners in South Africa, following the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) guidelines. Here are some of the tasks that Grade 12 learners may be expected to complete in LO:

• Critical analysis of current events: Learners may be asked to select a current event from the media and critically analyze it. They may be required to identify the underlying issues, stakeholders, and possible solutions. They may also be asked to reflect on the implications of the event for individuals, society, and the environment.
• Community service project: Learners may be required to design and implement a community service project. This project should aim to address a social or environmental issue in the community. The project should be well-planned, executed, and evaluated. Learners will need to reflect on what they learned and the impact their project had on the community.
• Health education: Learners may be asked to conduct research on a health-related issue and develop an educational resource to raise awareness about the issue. The resource may take the form of a pamphlet, poster, or video. Learners will need to explain why the issue is important, what the risks and benefits are, and how to prevent or manage the issue.
• Personal development: Learners may be required to reflect on their personal development and set goals for their future. They may be asked to assess their strengths and weaknesses, interests, and values. They will need to develop a plan for achieving their goals and consider the resources and support they will need to succeed.
• Career exploration: Learners may be asked to research different career options and evaluate their suitability for a particular career. They will need to consider their skills, interests, and values and match them with the requirements of the career. They will also need to explore the educational and training requirements and the job outlook for the career.

These are just some of the tasks that learners may be expected to complete in LO. The specific tasks will depend on the school and the teacher. It is important for learners to actively engage in the subject, participate in class, and take responsibility for their learning.

Table of Contents

Task 1 – Term 1

Life orientation grade 12 source based task 2024 pdf guide.

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Home » School Based Assessment (SBA) Tasks for all Phases

School Based Assessment (SBA) Tasks for all Phases

The Department of Basic Education has released subject exemplar booklets for School Based Assessment (SBA) to assist and guide teachers with the setting and development of standardized SBA tasks and assessment tools. The SBA booklets have been written by teams of subject specialists to assist teachers to adapt teaching and learning methods to improve learner performance and the quality and management of SBA.

The primary purpose of these SBA exemplar booklets is to improve the quality of teaching and assessment (both formal and informal) as well as the learner’s process of learning and understanding of the subject content. Assessment of and for learning is an ongoing process that develops from the interaction of teaching, learning and assessment. To improve learner performance, assessment needs to support and drive focused, effective teaching.

School Based Assessment forms an integral part of teaching and learning, its value as a yardstick of effective quality learning and teaching is firmly recognized. Through assessment, the needs of the learner are not only diagnosed for remediation, but it also assists to improve the quality of teaching and learning. The information provided through quality assessment is therefore valuable for teacher planning as part of improving learning outcomes.

Assessment tasks should be designed with care to cover the prescribed content and skills of the subject as well as include the correct range of cognitive demand and levels of difficulty. For fair assessment practice, the teacher must ensure that the learner understands the content and has been exposed to extensive informal assessment opportunities before doing a formal assessment activity.

The exemplar tasks contained in these booklets, developed to the best standard in the subject, are aimed to illustrate best practices in terms of setting formal and informal assessment. Teachers are encouraged to use the exemplar tasks as models to set their own formal and informal assessment activities.

Foundation Phase SBA’s

Get phase sba’s, fet languages sba’s, fet non – language subjects sba’s.

LIFE SCIENCES SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT EXEMPLARS - CAPS GRADE 12 TEACHER'S GUIDE

LIFE SCIENCES SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT EXEMPLARS - CAPS GRADE 12 TEACHER GUIDE

1. Introduction  Assessment is a continuous planned process of identifying, gathering and interpreting information about the performance  of learners, using various forms of assessment. It involves four steps: generating and collecting evidence of achievement,  evaluating this evidence, recording the findings and using this information to understand and assist in the learners’  development to improve the process of learning and teaching. Assessment should be both informal (Assessment for  Learning) and formal (Assessment of Learning). In both cases regular feedback should be provided to learners to  enhance the learning experience.  School-based assessment (SBA) forms part of the formal assessment component. It is a purposive collection of learners’  work that tells the story of the learners’ efforts, progress or achievement in attaining knowledge (content, concepts and  skills) in the subject. The advantages of school-based assessment can be summarised as follows: 

• It provides a more balanced and trustworthy assessment system, increasing the range and diversity of assessment  tasks. 
• It improves the reliability of assessment because judgements are based on many observations of the learner over  an extended period of time. 
• It empowers teachers to become part of the assessment process and enhances collaboration and sharing of  expertise within and across schools. 
• It has a professional development function, building up practical skills in teacher assessment which can then be  transferred to other areas of the curriculum. 

School-based assessment forms part of a year-long formal Programme of Assessment in each grade and subject. The  assessment tasks should be carefully designed to cover the content of the subject as well as the range of skills and  cognitive levels that have been identified in specific aims. Tests, practical tasks, assignments and projects make up the  SBA component in Life Sciences.  Teachers should ensure learners understand the assessment criteria and have extensive experience using it for self- and  peer assessment in informal situations before conducting a planned formal assessment activity. Teachers should also  have used these criteria for informal assessment and teaching purposes before they conduct any formal assessment so  that learners are familiar with the criteria and the assessment process. 

2. Aims of the project  Through this publication it is envisaged that TEACHER capacity will be increased in respect of each of the following: 

• Differentiating among the nature of the different types of assessment tasks (assignments, projects, practical  tasks, tests and examinations)  
• Developing assessment tasks that are balanced in terms of cognitive levels, topics and skills 
• Is appropriate to the task 
• Clearly shows mark allocation and distribution 
• Includes alternative answers 
• Developing tasks that contain a variety of question types 

Through this publication it is also envisaged that LEARNERS will benefit by: 

• Developing an understanding of the differences amongst the nature of the various types of assessment tasks 
• Being exposed to assessment tasks that are of the same standard as those that they are exposed to during the  course of the year

3. Programme of formal assessment in Life Sciences 

• This includes all assessment tasks that make up the formal programme of assessment for the year.
• Formal assessment tasks are marked and recorded by the teacher for promotion and certification purposes. 
• All tasks must be subjected to pre- and post-moderation to ensure that appropriate standards are maintained.
• The table that follows shows the number and types of assessment tasks required in the Grade 12 year. 

NOTE: The SBA mark must be converted to 25% and the external examination counts 75% of the final mark. A description of the requirements for each of the different types of assessment tasks follows below.

3.1 Practical tasks  When designing the practical tasks, the Life Sciences teacher must ensure that: 

• Follow instructions 
• Handle equipment or apparatus
• Make observations 
• Record information or data 
• Measure accurately 
• Interpret information
• Design/Plan an investigation
• At least ONE of the practical tasks includes manipulation of apparatus and/or collection of data. 
• Any ONE practical task assesses at least 3 of the 7 skills and must include skill 6 and/or 7. 
• 20–40 marks are allocated to a practical task.  

3.2 Research Project  At least ONE of the tasks across Grades 10–12 must be a research project.  When designing the research project, the Life Sciences teacher must ensure that it: 

• Is a long-term task (at least 3 weeks of non-contact time) 
• Has a maximum mark of 100  
• covers Specific Aims 1, 2 and 3 
• Is recorded in Term 3 even if it is given and assessed in Term 1 or Term 2 
• Is an investigative task 
• Focuses on accessing knowledge through literature research as well as through primary sources such as people 
• Formulating investigative questions and hypotheses 
• Gathering information from a variety of sources
• Manipulating and processing information
• Analysing information
• Identifying patterns 
• Evaluating data
• Drawing valid conclusions
• Communicating findings

3.3 Assignment At least ONE of the tasks across Grades 10–12 must be an assignment.  When designing an assignment, the Life Sciences teacher must ensure that it: 

• Is a short-term task (1½-2 hours under controlled conditions) 
• Covers Specific Aims 1, 2 and 3 
• Is completed at school and not at home 
• Covers a variety of topics 
• Analysing and interpreting data
• Making drawings
• Plotting graphs
• Drawing tables
• Performing calculations
• Justifying conclusions 

3.4 Tests and Examinations  When designing the tests as well as the mid-year and trial examinations, the Life Sciences teacher must ensure that: 

• The test is a minimum of 50 marks. 
• The test in Term 1 covers all work done in that term. 
• The tests in Term 2 and Term 3 cover at least half of the work covered in the respective terms. 
• The mid-year examinations cover work completed in Term 1 and Term 2. 
• The trial examinations cover all work completed in Terms 1, 2 and 3, and must include the section on ‘Human  Impact’ from Grade 11. 
• Mainly Specific Aims 1 and 3 are covered. 
• Specific Aim 2 (knowledge and understanding of investigations and practical work) is also included, but in a  smaller proportion compared to Specific Aims 1 and 3. 
• Tests and examinations are balanced in terms of cognitive levels and topic weightings. In this regard weighting  grids must be used. 
• Tests and examinations are analysed diagnostically and appropriate remedial and intervention strategies are  instituted. 
• Tests and examinations follow the external examination in its design, rigour and format.

4. Scope of the project   This publication includes the following: 

• Requirements for the Grade 12 Programme of Assessment for the Life Sciences CAPS curriculum
• A description of the various types of assessment tasks (assignment, project, practical task and test) 
• Exemplar assessment tasks (assignment, practical task and test) 
• Marking Guidelines for each assessment task 

The following exemplars together with their marking guidelines have been included in this publication: 

5. Quality assurance process followed  A team of experts comprised of teachers and subject advisors from provinces was appointed by the DBE to develop  and compile assessment tasks. They were required to extract excellent examples of learner tasks from their respective  schools and districts. The panel of experts spent a period of four days at the DBE, developing tasks based on guidelines  and policies. Moderation and quality assurance of the tasks were undertaken by national and provincial examiners and  moderators. The assessment tasks were further refined by the national internal moderators to ensure that they were in  line with the CAPS document.

6. Assessment tasks  6.1 Practical Task 1 – Surveying human characteristics 

Task  Conduct a survey of the occurrence/frequency of dominant and recessive phenotypes for each of three traits/ characteristics (as shown in the pictures below) among the learners in your school. 

• This task must be done individually. 
• This practical must be completed at school. 
• Select 20 learners that will form part of your sample. 
• For every learner selected, record the phenotype for each characteristic. 
• Record the information for each learner in a table. At the end of the table, include the percentage of learners  displaying each phenotype for each of the three characteristics. 
• Answer the questions set. 
• List any FOUR planning steps for this investigation.  (4)
• In terms of the investigation about the type of earlobe (free or attached), name the following: 2.1 The dependent variable  (1) 2.2 The independent variable  (1)
• Formulate a hypothesis for the frequency of tongue-rollers as compared to non-rollers in your school.    (3)
• Construct a table to show the results obtained in this investigation.   (4)
• According to the results obtained, would you accept or reject the hypothesis formulated in QUESTION 3?  (1)
• State TWO ways in which you could make the results of this investigation more reliable. (2)
• Using the same system of axes, draw a bar graph to represent the percentage of learners displaying each phenotype for each of the three characteristics.  (8)
• Use the symbols R (tongue-roller) and r (non-roller) to represent the phenotypes and genotypes of  offspring resulting from a cross between two heterozygous individuals.   (6) 

6.2 Practical Task 2 – Simulating natural selection   

Task  Simulate ‘natural selection’ using a paper model. 

• This task must be done in pairs but the questions must be answered individually. 

Background information  A simulation allows one to demonstrate something that might sometimes be dangerous or that might sometimes require  a lot of time, quickly and in a simple and safe way, using models.   The different parts that comprise the paper model in this task represent different components in nature. The sheet of  newspaper and the sheet of white paper represent two different environmental conditions. The circles cut from white  paper and from newspaper represent the different appearances/phenotypes of different individuals of the same species. 

Aim  You are required to investigate the survival of the organisms with the two different phenotypes under different  environmental conditions.   Materials required 

• A sheet of white paper (preferably A3 size) to use as background 
• A sheet of newspaper (cut to A3 size) to use as background 
• Forceps/tweezers 
• Clock with a second hand/stopwatch 
• 30 x 2 cm diameter circles cut from another sheet of newspaper 
• 30 x 2 cm diameter circles cut from another sheet of white paper 
• Place the sheet of white paper on the table. 
• Spread 30 white paper circles and 30 newspaper circles randomly over the surface of the white paper. 
• Ask your partner to use a pair of forceps/tweezers to pick up as many circles as he/she can in a period of 15  seconds.
• Count the number of each type of circle that has been picked up. Record this in the table provided.
• Now repeat steps 1–4 using the sheet of newspaper instead of the sheet of white paper.

Question 1. 

• Formulate a hypothesis for the above investigation when using the sheet of white paper as  background.  (3)
• For this investigation, name: 2.1 The dependent variable  (1) 2.2 The independent variable  (1) 2.3 Any TWO fixed variables  (2)

Draw a bar graph on the same system of axes to represent the results of your investigation. (8) 

Explain the difference in results obtained for the two types of circles when using the sheet of white  paper. (3) 

State ONE way in which you could improve the reliability of the results.  (1) 

• State a conclusion for the above investigation when the newspaper was used as a background. (3)
• Based on the results obtained, will you accept or reject the hypothesis you formulated in QUESTION  1?   (1)

6.3 Assignment 1 – Response to the environment 

Instructions and information  

• Answer ALL questions.
• Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper.
• Draw diagrams and flow charts ONLY when requested to do so.
• This assignment is to be done under controlled conditions and must be handed in at the end of the session. 

NOTE: If it is not possible to schedule a single 90-minute session for this assignment, then SECTION A can be  done on one day in a 45-minute session and SECTION B the following day in another 45-minute session. 

________________________________________________________________________ 

SECTION A  QUESTION 1  An investigation was conducted to study apical dominance in bean plants. Four groups of plants were used. The  diagram below illustrates the process. 

The results are shown in the table below.

1.1 For this investigation, state the: (1) 

1.1.1 Independent variable (1)  1.1.2 Dependent variable (2)  1.1.3 Any TWO fixed variables (3)  

1.2 Formulate a possible hypothesis for the above investigation. (4)   1.3 Explain the difference in results for Groups 3 and 4.  (1)  1.4 Do the results allow you to accept or reject the hypothesis you formulated in QUESTION 1.2? [12]

QUESTION 3  Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow. 

The normal plasma glucose level is 100 mg/100 ml. The glucose tolerance test was conducted for three adults and the  plasma glucose level (mg/100 ml) was recorded for two hours at 30-minute intervals. The results are shown below. 

3.1 State how the glucose tolerance response test above is used to decide if a person is suffering from  diabetes.   (2)  3.2 Adult 1 is not diabetic.  

3.2.1 Describe the changes expected in insulin secretion in Adult 1 during the period 30 minutes to  90 minutes after the glucose drink.  3.2.2 Explain your answer to QUESTION 3.2.1.   (2)  

3.3 Draw two line graphs on the same set of axes to show the glucose tolerance of Adults 1 and 2. (9)  3.4 What was the percentage increase in glucose level when the glucose was at its maximum in Adult  2? Show all working.   (3) 3.5 Write down the plasma glucose level of the three adults after two hours as a ratio in simple whole  numbers. Show all working.  (2)  3.6 Suggest, with reasons, what would happen to insulin secretion for Adult 2: 

3.6.1 If the condition was IDDM (2)  3.6.2 If the condition was NIDDM  (2) 

[24]  TOTAL SECTION A: 50

SECTION B  QUESTION 4  Read the passage and information below and answer the questions that follow. 

Two learners conducted an investigation in the following way to determine which sense organ sends the message  fastest to the brain: the eye, the ear or the skin (sight, hearing, or touch): 

• Vusi held a meter stick between his thumb and index finger just above the 100 cm mark, while Mary placed her  thumb and forefinger at the 0 mark on both sides of the stick with just the thumb touching it.
• As Vusi dropped the meter stick Mary attempted to catch it by closing her thumb and forefinger. The distance on  the meter stick that the stick fell before Mary caught it was recorded and the procedure was repeated three times. 
• They repeated the investigation to determine hearing and skin responses. For the hearing response, Mary was  blindfolded and reacted to Vusi shouting ‘DROP’ when he let go of the stick. For the skin response, Mary was  blindfolded again. Vusi tapped Mary’s free hand when he let go of the stick.  

The results they obtained are shown in the following table: 

4.1 Name the path that is described in the passage. (2)  4.2 In relation to this path, what term is used to describe each of the following in terms of the role they  play? 

4.2.1 The muscles  (1)  4.2.2 Skin sensors  (1) 

4.3 Why should you advise the two learners to repeat the procedure more than three times for each  investigation? (2) 4.4 Identify the following in their investigation: 

4.4.1 The dependent variable  (1)  4.4.2 The independent variable   (1) 

4.6.1 The actual reaction time if the meter stick dropped 9 centimetres (2)  4.6.2 The distance the ruler will drop for a reaction time of 400 milliseconds  (2) 

QUESTION 5  The graph shows the speed of a nerve impulse along neurons with different diameters, measured in micrometres  (μm). 

5.1 Describe the relationship between the diameter of a neuron and the speed of an impulse travelling  along the neuron.  (2)  5.2 Use the graph to estimate how fast an impulse would travel along a neuron with a diameter of 5  μm. (2)  5.3 Name the functional gap found between two neurons across which impulses are transmitted.  (1)  5.4 Explain the significance of the myelin sheath that covers the neurons. (2)  5.5 Draw a diagram to illustrate the structure of a motor neuron. Indicate the direction of the impulse by  means of an arrow in the diagram.  (7) 

QUESTION 6  A person sitting in a darkened room covers one eye. A dim electric bulb, positioned at varying distances from the  person, is switched on at one-minute intervals for a period of 9 seconds. During this period the diameter of the pupil of  the eye is measured. The results obtained are shown in the table below. Study the table and answer the questions that  follow.

6.1 Name the structure in the eye that controls the size of the pupil.  (1) 6.2 Between which TWO time intervals did the following changes in the diameter of the pupil occur? 

6.2.1 Smallest increase   (2) 6.2.2 Biggest decrease   (2)

6.3 State why the size of the pupil changes from interval 8 to interval 9.  (2) 6.4 Describe how the size of the pupil changes from interval 8 to interval 9.  (4) 6.5 Why is the response in QUESTION 6.3 referred to as a ‘reflex’?  (1) 6.6 What is the significance of this reflex?  (1) 6.7 At which time interval was the bulb the furthest from the eye?   (1) 6.8 Explain your answer to QUESTION 6.7.   (2) 6.9 State TWO ways in which the investigator could ensure that the results of this investigation are  reliable.   (2) 6.10 State THREE things that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure that it is valid.  (3)

[21] TOTAL SECTION B:  50 GRAND TOTAL: 100

6.4 Assignment 2 – Reproduction 

Instructions and information

NOTE: If it is not possible to schedule a single 90-minute session for this assignment, then SECTION A can be  done on one day in a 45-minute session and SECTION B the following day in another 45-minute session.  ________________________________________________________________________

SECTION A  QUESTION 1  Read the text below and then answer the questions that follow. 

1.1 State the type of fertilisation (external or internal) that occurs in bullfrogs and describe how it occurs.  State whether reproduction in bullfrogs is viviparous, oviparous or ovoviviparous.(3) 1.2 Explain your answer to QUESTION 1.2.  (1) 1.3 Describe TWO characteristics of a frog’s egg.   (2) 1.4 Give TWO reasons suggested in the article for bullfrog eggs to be laid in water.    (2) 1.5 Frog eggs are vulnerable to predators, since there is little or no parental protection.   (2) 1.6   Explain THREE strategies that ensure a good survival rate of tadpoles. 

QUESTION 2  The electron micrograph below is that of the human sperm. Study the micrograph and answer the questions that follow.  

2.1 Draw a labelled line diagram of the human sperm represented in the electron micrograph.   (6)  2.2  Use the scale line provided to calculate the width of the sperm at its widest point. (4)  2.3  Explain THREE ways in which the sperm is structurally suited for its role in fertilisation.   (6)    

QUESTION 3  Records of human fertility for the period 1941 to 1990 have shown changes in the sperm counts of normal men. The  table below summarises the changing percentages of men with high or low sperm counts over a period of 50 years. 

3.1  During which time period was there: 

3.1.1 The highest percentage of men with low sperm counts?  (1)  3.1.2 The lowest percentage of men with high sperm counts?   (1)  3.1.3 The greatest difference between men with high sperm counts and men with low sperm counts?  (1) 

3.2 Describe the trend for men with low sperm counts, and compare it with those with high sperm counts  over the period of 50 years.   (2)   3.3  Calculate the percentage increase in men with low sperm counts from 1971 to 1990. (2)  3.4  Suggest TWO reasons for the trend described in QUESTION 3.2.  (2) 

QUESTION 4  The table below shows the results of a survey on the use of contraceptives by a sample of women in a rural area. 

Draw a pie chart to show the results of the survey. Show all working. [9]

TOTAL SECTION A: 50

SECTION B  QUESTION 5  The diagram below shows the changes in the ovary, uterus and level of hormones during a 28-day menstrual cycle.  Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow. 

5.1 Which hormone is responsible for: 

5.1.1 Ovulation (1)  5.1.2 Primary (first) thickening of the endometrium (1) 

5.2 According to the graph, on which day(s) does each of the following occur: 

5.2.1 Menstruation  (1)  5.2.2 Ovulation (1) 

5.3 Two structures in the ovaries are responsible for the secretion of two female hormones.

5.3.1 Name the TWO structures and the hormones they secrete. (4)  5.3.2 Give evidence from the graph to support your answer to QUESTION 5.3.1. 4) 

5.4 Explain the interaction that occurs between the hormones FSH and progesterone and why it is  necessary. (3)  5.5 Is the female, whose cycle is represented in the diagram, pregnant?  (1)  5.6 Give TWO reasons from the graph for your answer to QUESTION 5.5.  (2) 

QUESTION 6  The table below shows the average human foetal length of males and females over a 40-week gestation period.  

6.1 Draw TWO sets of bar graphs on the same system of axes to compare male and female foetal  length over time.  (9)  6.2 State TWO conclusions that could be drawn from the results in the graph.  (4) 

[19]  TOTAL SECTION B: 50 

6.5 Test – Nucleic acids and meiosis 

• Draw diagrams and flow charts ONLY when requested to do so. 
• This test is to be done under controlled conditions and must be handed in at the end of the session. 

SECTION A  QUESTION 1  1.1 Various possible options are provided as answers to the following questions. Choose the answer  and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number (1.1.1–1.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for  example 1.1.6 D. 

1.1.1 All nucleic acids are made up of … 

• deoxyribose sugars, nitrogenous bases and phosphates.
• sugars, nitrogenous bases and phosphates.
• ribose sugars, nitrogenous bases and phosphates
• sugars, nitrogenous bases and sulphates. 

1.1.2 If a DNA molecule contains 20 000 base molecules, of which 20% are cytosine, how  many adenine molecules will be present? 

1.1.3 DNA replication ensures that all daughter cells formed as a result of … 

• mitosis, have identical genetic material.
• meiosis, have identical genetic material.
• mitosis, have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
• meiosis, have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

1.1.4 In individuals with normal haemoglobin, the mRNA for haemoglobin includes the codon  GAA. This sequence is changed in individuals with sickle cell anaemia so that their mRNA  has a codon GUA at the same location. This suggests that the DNA has undergone a  mutation involving a change of base sequence from ... 

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• CAA to TAA.
• CTT to CAT.
• CUU to CAT.
• CTT to CTA. 
• Only suspect X was involved.
• Only suspect Y was involved.
• Suspects X and Y were both involved.
• Neither suspect X nor suspect Y was involved. (5 x 2) (10) 

1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the term next to the  question number (1.2.1–1.2.4) in the ANSWER BOOK. 

1.2.1 Specific lengths of DNA which carry codes for specific characteristics of organisms 1.2.2 The part of protein synthesis taking place in the nucleus  1.2.3 The bonds between the two strands of a DNA molecule  1.2.4 The chromosome condition/ploidy of a somatic cell (4) 

1.3 Indicate whether each of the statements in COLUMN I applies to A only, B only, both A and B or  none of the items in COLUMN II. Write A only, B only, both A and B, or none next to the question  number (1.3.1–1.3.3) in the ANSWER BOOK.

(3 x 2) (6)  TOTAL SECTION A: 20

Identify the amino acids which will be brought to organelle G according to the code provided by the  mRNA found on G. (3)  2.6 Write down the triplet of DNA bases that correspond to each of the molecules B, F and H, respectively. (3) 

[15]  TOTAL SECTION B:  30  GRAND TOTAL:  50

7. Marking guidelines  7.1 Practical Task 1 – Surveying human characteristics 

• Seek permission✓ to conduct the investigation. 
• Decide how the learners are to be selected✓ for your sample. 
• Identify the 20 learners✓ who will form a part of the sample.
• Arrange a date✓/time/venue for surveying the different characteristics. 
•  Design a table✓ for recording information. 
• Study the different phenotypes for each characteristic✓ in order to correctly identify them.  (4) (any 4) 
•             2.1 Number of learners ✓ that have free or attached ear lobes   (1) 2.2 Characteristic✓/type of ear lobe/attached or unattached earlobes   (1)
• There are more✓ learners✓ in the school that are tongue rollers than non-rollers✓
• There are more✓ learners✓ in the school that are non-rollers than tongue rollers✓ 
• The number of learners✓ in the school that are tongue rollers is equal✓ to the number of  non-rollers✓ (any 1 x 3) (3)
• Support✓(if the results obtained are in line with the hypothesis stated by the learner in Question 3) OR Reject✓ (if the results obtained contradict the hypothesis stated by the learner in (Question 3) (1)
• Increase the sample size✓ 
• Repeat the investigation✓   (2)

7.2 Practical Task 2 – Simulating natural selection 

• More✔ white circles✔ than newspaper circles✔ will be picked up from the white sheet OR More✔ newspaper circles✔ than white circles✔ will be picked up from the white sheet OR An equal number✔ of newspaper circles✔ and white circles✔ will be picked up from the white sheet 2.  (3) 
• Same size of newspaper and white paper used as a background✔
• Same size of white and newspaper circles✔
• Same number of white and newspaper circles at the start✔
• Same amount of time allowed for picking up the circles✔
• Same forceps/tweezers used throughout the investigation✔
• Same person used to pick up circles throughout the investigation✔ 
• Same hand used to pick up circles throughout the investigation✔ (any 2)   (2)
• Fewer✔ white circles✔ were picked up from the white paper, because white circles are not easily  seen against the white paper✔  OR More✔ newspaper circles✔ were picked up from the white paper, because newspaper circles are easily seen against the white paper✔    (3) 
• Increase number of attempts✔ and work out the average number picked  
• Repeat the investigation ✔ (any 1)    (1)
• More✔ white circles✔ than newspaper circles✔ were picked up from the newspaper background (3) 
• Support✓ (if the results obtained are in line with the hypothesis stated by the learner in Question 1) OR  Reject✓ (if the results obtained contradict the hypothesis stated by the learner in Question 1)   (1) 
• The white sheet represents the light tree✓
• and the newspaper sheet represents the dark tree✓. 
•  The circles represent the moths.✓
• Picking up the circles represents birds feeding on the moths✓.
• More circles of one type rather than the other type being picked up✓ represents natural selection✓ (any 5) (5) 

7.3 Assignment 1 – Response to the environment QUESTION 1  1.1 

1.1.1 Presence/absence of auxins✔  (1)  1.1.2 Growth of lateral buds✔  (1)  1.1.3

• Use bean plants of the same species✔ 
• Conduct investigation under same environmental conditions✔ 
• Use bean plants of the same height/age✔ (any 2)   (2)

1.2 Auxins✔ at the growing tip of the stem stimulate✔ the growth of lateral buds✔  OR  Auxins✔ at the growing tip of the stem inhibit✔ the growth of lateral buds✔  OR  Auxins✔ at the growing tip of the stem have no effect✔ on the growth of lateral buds✔  (3)  

• Auxin present✔ in Group 3 as it was applied to the tip and therefore it inhibited✔ the growth  of the lateral buds 
• Auxins not present✔ in rest of stem in Group 4 due to the barrier so lateral buds grew✔/  growth of lateral buds was not inhibited  (4)  

1.4 Support✓ (if the results obtained are in line with the hypothesis stated by the learner in   Question 1.2)  OR  Reject✓ (if the results obtained contradict the hypothesis stated by the learner in  Question 1.2)   (1) 

QUESTION 2  2.1  Gravity✔   (1)  2.2   

• Due to gravity, auxins accumulate✔ 
• on the lower side of the root✔. 
• A high concentration of auxins in the lower part of the root inhibits✔ growth.
• Cells on the upper part of the root grow faster✔ 
• where the auxin concentration is lower✔. 
• The root curves downwards✔.
• It is said to be positively geotropic✔. (any 6)    (6) 

2.3 Cell division ✔; cell elongation✔; the development of fruit✔; the abscission of leaves and fruit✔; the development of adventitious roots in stem cuttings ✔ (any 2)  (2)   2.4  Yes ✔ (1)   2.5  The growth is in response to gravity✔ and not light✔  (2)  2.6  Moisture is essential✔ for germination✔.  (2) 

QUESTION 3  3.1 Patient is diabetic if blood glucose level is above 200 mg/100 ml✔ for up to two hours after the  glucose test drink✔.   (2)  3.2 

3.2.1 Insulin level will increase between 30 and 60 minutes✔ and then  decrease✔. (2)   3.2.2 The level would initially increase when glucose level is higher than  normal✔then decrease when the level of glucose decreases✔.  (2) 

(260 mg/100 ml – 130 mg/100 ml) = 130 ✔   130/130 X 100✔  = 100%✔     (3) 

3.5   Adult 1: Adult 2: Adult 3 = 80 :240 :160✔ = 1 :3 :2✔   

3.6.1 IDDM - no insulin is produced✔  because the pancreatic cells responsible for insulin secretion are not functioning✔/do not produce insulin. (2)  3.6.2 NIDDM – insulin secretion will increase✔  since the pancreas is not affected✔/cells that normally respond become less sensitive to insulin (2) 

SECTION B QUESTION 4  4.1 Reflex arc ✓ ✓   (2) 4.2   

4.2.1 Effectors✓  (1) 4.2.2 Receptors✓   (1)

4.3 To improve ✓the reliability✓ of the investigation  (2) 4.1

4.4.1 Distance on meter stick/reaction time ✓ (1) 4.4.2 Different senses (sight/hearing/touch) ✓ (1)

5 cm + 6 cm + 6 cm = 17 cm ✓  17 cm = 5,7 cm ✓    3 ✓                                                     (3)

4.6.1 475 ✓ milliseconds ✓  (2)  4.6.2 3 ✓ cm✓  

QUESTION 6  6.1  Iris✔  (1)  6.2 

6.2.1 2✔to 3✔  (2)  6.2.2 6✔ to 7✔   (2) 

6.3 Dim light conditions✔ causes pupil to adjust  so that more light can enter✔ the eye (2)  6.4     

• Radial muscles✔ of iris contract✔
• Circular muscles✔of iris relax✔ 
• Pupil dilates✔ (any 4)  (4) 

6.5  It occurs automatically✔/involuntarily/without the control of the will (1)  6.6  It protects✔ the eye from damage in bright conditions  (1)  6.7  Interval 5✔ (1)  6.8  Diameter of the pupil✔ was at its widest✔  (2)  6.9 

• Repeat the investigation✔
• Take more than one reading at each time interval✔  
• Increase the time of exposure to light at each time interval✔ (any 2)  (2) 
• Use the same light bulb✔
• Same eye must be covered✔ throughout the entire investigation  
• Same person must be used✔ for the entire investigation  (3) 

[21]  TOTAL SECTION B:  50  GRAND TOTAL:   100

7.4 Assignment 2 – Reproduction SECTION A  QUESTION 1  1.1 Fertilisation occurs externally ✔ (1)        Eggs are released into the water and then male releases sperms✔ which fertilise eggs in the water✔ (2)  (3)  1.2  Oviparous✔ (1)  1.3 

• Eggs are laid✔
• and the embryos develop outside the mother’s body within the eggs✔ (2) 
• Eggs are small ✔
• Eggs are protected by a gelatinous mass and membranes✔ (2) 
• Prevents drying out✔ 
• Easier for frog sperm to reach the eggs✔  (2) 
• Large numbers of eggs are produced✔  because many are eaten✔
• Eggs hatch into tadpoles within 3-5 days✔  which ensures that they can swim away from predators✔
• Nearby plant matter shelters hatching tadpoles✔  preventing them from being eaten✔  (6) 

1 µm = 4 mm✔  Width of sperm = 12 mm✔ = X µm   1 µm = 4 mm  X µm = 12 mm ✔  X = 3 µm ✔                            (4)  

• The acrosome produces enzymes ✔  which help the sperm to penetrate the ovum ✔
• The middle piece of the sperm contains mitochondria ✔  that supply the energy for the sperm’s activity✔
• A tail is present✔  to move the sperm through the seminal fluid✔    (6)  

QUESTION 3  3.1 

3.1.1 1981–1990 ✔   (1)  3.1.2 1981–1990 ✔   (1)  3.1.3 1941–1950 ✔   (1) 

3.2 Men with low sperm counts have increased ✔ while  men with high sperm counts have decreased ✔  (2)   3.3  

% increase = 18- 14 ✔   = 4 ✔ %                             (2)  

• Changed diets✔/eating more processed foods by men have caused the change
• Increased stress✔/changed lifestyle has caused the change  (2) 

QUESTION 4  CALCULATIONS: 

[9]  TOTAL SECTION A: 50

SECTION B QUESTION 5  5.1 

5.1.1 LH ✔  (1)  5.1.2 Oestrogen ✔   (1) 

5.2.1 0–7 days ✔ (1)  5.2.2 Day 14 ✔      (1) 

• Graafian follicle ✔ - oestrogen ✔ 
• Corpus luteum ✔ - progesterone ✔   (4) 
• When Graafian follicle is formed ✔ 
• there is an increase in oestrogen ✔ 
• When corpus luteum is formed ✔
• there is an increase in progesterone✔  (4) 
• An increase in progesterone level ✔ 
• inhibits the release of FSH✔ 
• to prevent FSH from stimulating the development of an ovum✔ 
• since no further ova are required if pregnancy results✔ (any 3)  (3) 

5.5  No ✔ (1)  5.6 

Corpus luteum has degenerated ✔ Progesterone has decreased✔  FSH started to increase at the end of the cycle✔ (any 2)      (2) 

• Average foetal length of both males and females✓ are the same from 8 to 13 weeks✓ (9)
• Average foetal length of males is greater✓ than the average foetal length of females from 16  to 40 weeks✓ 
• Average foetal length increases for males and females✓ over the 40-week period ✓  (any 2 x 2)    (4) 

QUESTION 7  7.1 

Allocate marks for the following labels:   P1/parents and F1/offspring✓  Meiosis and fertilisation✓ (1 compulsory* + 6 others)   (7)  7.2 

(1 compulsory* + 6 others) 

(5)  [19]  TOTAL SECTION B: 50  GRAND TOTAL:  100

7.5 Test – Nucleic acids and meiosis SECTION A  QUESTION 1  1.1

1.1.1 B✓✓  1.1.2 C✓✓  1.1.3 A✓✓  1.1.4 B✓✓  1.1.5 D✓✓ (5 x 2) (10) 

1.2.1 Genes✓  1.2.2 Transcription✓  1.2.3 Weak hydrogen bonds✓ 1.2.4 Diploid✓ (4) 

1.3.1 B only✓✓  1.3.2 A only✓✓  1.3.3 A only✓✓  (3 x 2) (6)

TOTAL SECTION A: 20

SECTION B QUESTION 2  2.1 Protein synthesis✔ (1)  2.2  Translation✔ (1)  2.3 

• According to the mRNA codons✓
• tRNA with matching anticodons✓ 
• bring the required amino acids✓ to the ribosome 
• The amino acids become attached by peptide bonds✓ 
• to form the required protein✓ (any 5) (5) 
• Both are single-stranded 
•  Both are made up of ribose sugar 
• Presence of cytosine, guanine, adenine and uracil (any 2) (2) 

2.5 Histidine ✔ cysteine ✔ serine ✔ (3)  2.6 GTT ✔ GGT ✔ AGC ✔ (3) 

B – centromere✔ (2)  E – homologous chromosomes✔/bivalent 

• They allow for attachment of chromosomes✔ (2)
• They contract to pull the chromosomes/chromatids to the poles✔ 

3.3 Crossing over✔ takes place Chromatids overlap✔  Segments of chromatids are exchanged✔ (any 2)  (2) 

 Table ✔  (5)  3.5  Two✔  (1)  3.6 

• Chromosome number 21 fails to separate✔ 
• during anaphase 1✔
• Gametes will be formed with 24 chromosomes/one extra copy of chromosome number  21✔ 
• If such a gamete fuses with a normal gamete with 23 chromosomes✔
• The resulting zygote will have 47 chromosomes✔ (any 3)   (3) 

 [15]  TOTAL SECTION B:   30 GRAND TOTAL:   50

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Grade 12 Geography

Geography grade 12 research tasks (topics) and memos (sba).

Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks (Topics) and Memos for: term 1, Term 2, Term 3 and Term 4

Assessment is a continuous planned process of identifying, gathering and interpreting information about the performance of learners, using various forms of assessment. It involves four steps: generating and collecting evidence of achievement; evaluating this evidence; recording the findings and using this information to understand and assist with the learners’ development to improve the process of learning and teaching. Assessment should be both informal (assessment for learning) and formal (assessment of learning). In both cases regular feedback should be provided to learners to enhance the learning experience.

School-based assessment (SBA) is a purposive collection of learners’ work that tells the story of learners’ efforts, progress or achievement in given areas. The quality of SBA tasks is integral to learners’ preparation for the final examinations.

This booklet serves as a resource of four exemplar SBA tasks to schools and subject teachers of Geography. SBA marks are formally recorded by the teacher for progression and certification purposes. The SBA component is compulsory for all learners. Learners who cannot comply with the requirements specified according to the policy may not be eligible to enter for the subject in the final examination.

The formal assessment tasks provide the teacher with a systematic way of evaluating how well learners are progressing. This publication includes tests, a project and a case study. Formal assessment tasks form part of a year-long formal programme of assessment. These tasks should not be taken lightly and learners should be encouraged to submit their best possible efforts for final assessment.

The teachers are expected to ensure that assessment tasks are relevant to and suitable for the learners being taught. Teachers should adapt the tasks to suit learners’ level of understanding and should be context-bound; however, they should also take cognisance of the requirements as set out in the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) document.

• 1 What Skills are Assessed for Research Tasks in Grade 12
• 2.0.1 Guideline: Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks
• 2.1 Geography Research Project Topics for Grade 12 South Africa
• 3 Step 2: Background information about an area of study
• 4 Step 3: Mapping
• 5 Step 4: Methods of data collection
• 6 Step 5: Analysis and synthesis of data
• 7 Step 6: Recommendations and possible solutions
• 8 Step 7: Conclusion – accept or reject the hypothesis
• 9 Step 8: Bibliography
• 10 More Geography Grade 12 Resources
• 11 Mid Latitude Cyclones Notes Grade 12
• 12 Geography Grade 12 2019 Exam Papers and Memos
• 13 Geography Grade 12 2020 Past Papers and Memos
• 14 Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks (Topics) and Memos (SBA)
• 15 Grade 12 Geography Exam Papers and Memos for 2019 September and November
• 16 Geography Mind the Gap study guide: Grade 12 Download

What Skills are Assessed for Research Tasks in Grade 12

The following skills are assessed. Some/All of these skills may be tested in any external examination:

• Gathering data
• Interpreting data
• Analysing data
• Comparing different sets of data
• Representing data in written, graphic or mapped format
• Problem-solving
• Drawing conclusions
• Hypothesis statements

Research framework for assessment (Guideline on administration of research task)

Step 1: Formulating a hypothesis/problem statement.

Guideline: geography grade 12 research tasks.

Step 1: Formulating a hypothesis/problem statement. As Geographers we seek to understand and explain the interactions amongst humans, and between humans and the environment in space and time. This is achieved by asking questions or making informed geographical decisions. This entails the development of a hypothesis or a problem statement to be tested.

• You have to choose a specific area of study where a geographical problem exists.
• During this stage, a geographical question showing a problem is asked.
• Identify the problem from a local area.
• Formulate a hypothesis or a problem statement. (Hypothesis research is used to prove that certain variables are dependent on or independent of each other. Problem statement research is only to highlight that a specific problem exists in a specific community.)
• You should then follow the steps of research to ensure that the geographical question is answered.

Geography Research Project Topics for Grade 12 South Africa

• The value of property along north-facing slopes is higher than the value of property along south-facing slopes in Meyersdal, Gauteng (choose local area).
• The cause of rural-urban migration in Ndwedwe, KwaZulu-Natal (choose local area), is the lack of service delivery in the health sector.
• Climate change will impact negatively on grape farming and related industries in the Western Cape.
• The closing down of many primary schools in Lusikisiki (Eastern Cape) (choose a local area) is due to a decline of the population in the age group 7 to 15 years.
• The poor condition of roads (specify the names of the roads) leading to/in Harrismith, Free State (choose local area), is due to the lack of proper planning by the local municipality.
• The impact of building a dam along the Jukskei River in Gauteng (choose local area) upstream of Alexandra will reduce flooding and the subsequent loss of life in Alexandra.
• The e-toll system will impact negatively on the economic position of people using private transport in Gauteng.
• The e-toll system will impact positively on traffic flow to the major urban centres in Gauteng.
• Informal settlements in the Vhembe district of Limpopo have low levels of development due to the lack of provision of basic needs (choose ONE informal settlement in your local area.)
• Overcrowding of informal settlements is due to the lack of proper planning by the local government (choose local area).

Step 2: Background information about an area of study

• You must explain where in South Africa the study area is located. (This can be indicated on the map.)
• Describe the study area in terms of its exact position (degrees, minutes and seconds).
• Provide relevant information about the area, for example population of the area or climate of the area.

Step 3: Mapping

• You must provide a map of the area in question.
• During this stage you must create a buffer zone around the area where the geographical problem exists.
• The map should have a clear legend/key and must be drawn to scale. The scale must be indicated on the map.
• If the map used covers a wider area, buffer zones around the area of study should be created.
• The map used should be the most recent map of the study area

Step 4: Methods of data collection

(a) PRIMARY DATA SOURCES

• The use of questionnaires
• Observations
• Field trips

(b) SECONDARY DATA SOURCES

• Newspaper articles
• Government department statistics

Step 5: Analysis and synthesis of data

• Learners must use collected data now to formulate a discussion around the existing geographical problem. • At this stage learners should represent some of the information graphically where necessary, for example graphs and sketches. • Learners must analyse graphic information during this stage.

Step 6: Recommendations and possible solutions

• Learners should now make recommendations to solve the geographical problem in question. • Learners should present their original and realistic opinions as far as they possibly can.

Step 7: Conclusion – accept or reject the hypothesis

• Learners should now take a decision to either ACCEPT or REJECT the hypothesis.
• Learners must give reasons for either ACCEPTING or REJECTING the hypothesis

Step 8: Bibliography

• Learners must include a comprehensive bibliography.
• Learners must list websites in full.
• Learners must include annexures of questionnaires and interviews conducted

More Geography Grade 12 Resources

• Geography 2020 Past Papers
• Geography 2019 Past Papers

Grade 12 Geography Exam Papers and Memos for 2019 September and November

• Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks (Topics) and Memos

Mid Latitude Cyclones Notes Grade 12

• March 24, 2021

Geography Grade 12 2019 Exam Papers and Memos

• February 28, 2021

Geography Grade 12 2020 Past Papers and Memos

• February 22, 2021

• September 29, 2020

Geography Mind the Gap study guide: Grade 12 Download

• August 17, 2020

Read All Posts

Geography Grade 12 2020 Past Papers and Memos for study revision

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Download Geography Grade 12 September 2020 Past Papers and Memos

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List of Geography Grade 12 September 2020 Past Papers and Memos

Geography grade 10, main reasons why is south africa regarded as a developing country.

Reasons why is South Africa regarded as a developing country: South Africa has a great economic infrastructure and natural resources that characterize its economy. In South Africa, there is outstanding progress in the field of industry and manufacturing. South Africa, however, is still characterised as a developing country and not a developed country.

• 0.1 6 Characteristics of a Developed Country
• 0.2 5 Reasons why is South Africa regarded as a developing country

6 Characteristics of a Developed Country

1. Has a high income per capita.  Developed countries have high per capita incomes each year. By having a high income per capita, the country’s economic value will be boosted. Therefore, the amount of poverty can be overcome.

2. Security Is Guaranteed.  The level of security of developed countries is more secure compared to developing countries. This is also a side effect of sophisticated technology in developed countries. With the sophisticated technology, security facilities and weapons technology also develop for the better.

3. Guaranteed Health.  In addition to ensuring security, health in a developed country is also guaranteed. This is characterized by a variety of adequate health facilities, such as hospitals and medical staff who are trained and reliable.

4. Low unemployment rate.  In developed countries, the unemployment rate is relatively small because every citizen can get a job and work.

5. Mastering Science and Technology.  The inhabitants of developed countries tend to have mastered science and technology from which new useful products such as the industrial pendant lights were introduced to the market. Therefore, in their daily lives, they have also used sophisticated technology and modern tools to facilitate their daily lives.

6. The level of exports is higher than imports.  The level of exports in developed countries is higher than the level of imports because of the superior human resources and technology possessed.

5 Reasons why is South Africa regarded as a developing country

1. South Africa has a low Income per year.  Annual income in developing countries is not as high as in developed countries due to the high unemployment rate.

2. In South Africa, security is not guaranteed.  Unlike in developed countries, security in developing countries is still very minimal and inappropriate. Therefore, crime rates in developed countries such as South Africa tend to be relatively high.

3. South Africa has a fast-growing population . According to the World Population Review , South Africa’s population will continue to grow until 2082, reaching just over 80 million people before plateauing and slightly declining the rest of the century. South Africa’s population growth rate is currently 1.28% per year. Developing countries have a very large average population compared to developed countries because of uncontrolled population development. This is also a result of the lack of education and health facilities.

4. The unemployment rate in South Africa is high.  South Africa has an unemployment rate of 34.4% in the second quarter  of 2021. In developing countries, the unemployment rate is still relatively high because the available job vacancies are not evenly distributed. In addition, the level of uneven education is also one of the factors causing the large unemployment rate.

5. Imports are higher than exports.  Due to the low management of natural resources and human resources in developing countries, developing countries more often buy goods from abroad. To eliminate the barriers of being a developed country, South Africa must reduce imports and must refine and develop its agricultural sector.

Characteristics of Developed and Developing Countries

Why_is_South_Africa_Still_a_Developing_Country

Geography Grade 12 November 2020 Question Papers and for study revision

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Life Sciences Practical Tasks Grade 11 SBA for all Terms: Education Resource

SMME4 SBA-Task: Assignment November 2023 GENERAL INFORMATION 1. The skills task consists of THREE activities. 2. Each activity assesses a particular FORM OF ASSESSMENT. 3. The activities are assessed individually. _ _ ACTIVITY 1: ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. The assessment task covers US 10006. 2. This is an individual activity. _ 3. This assignment must be completed within TWO days. 1.1 Define what social responsibility means. (2) 1.2 State TWO roles of an entrepreneur that will contribute to the development of the community. (2) 1.3 Explain how the following could be an advantage to a sole trader: 1.3.1 Profit 1.3.2 Decision making (3* 2) 1.3.3 Control (6) 1.4 Explain the purpose of the code of conduct in the operation of the business. (2) 1.5 Give ONE function of each of the following enabling programs to an entrepreneur: 1.5.1 SBDC (2) 1.5.2 NYDA (2) 1.6 Discuss TWO ways that an entrepreneur may use to address social imbalances in the community. (2) .7 Advise an entrepreneur on how she/he can be assisted to address shortcomings in running the business. (2) [20] TOTAL ACTIVITY 1 20 pyright reserved

Gauth ai solution.

• Profit benefits sole traders financially.
• Decision making allows quick, autonomous decisions.
• Control grants full authority over business operations. 1​.4 The code of conduct guides ethical behavior and ensures legal compliance. 1​.5
• SBDC provides resources and guidance to entrepreneurs.
• NYDA offers support and mentorship to young entrepreneurs. 1​.6 Entrepreneurs can address social imbalances by promoting diversity and supporting community projects. 1​.7 Entrepreneurs can seek mentorship, training, and self-assessment to improve business operations
• Profit: Sole traders directly benefit from the profits generated by the business, leading to personal financial gain.
• Decision making: Sole traders have the autonomy to make decisions quickly without the need for extensive consultations, allowing for flexibility.
• Control: Sole traders have full control over all aspects of the business, enabling them to implement their vision without external interference. 4​. The purpose of the code of conduct in the operation of a business is to establish guidelines for ethical behavior, promote a positive work environment, and ensure compliance with legal requirements. 5​. Functions of enabling programs to an entrepreneur:
• SBDC (Small Business Development Center): Provides resources, training, and guidance to entrepreneurs to help them start and grow their businesses.
• NYDA (National Youth Development Agency): Offers support, funding, and mentorship to young entrepreneurs to facilitate their business ventures. 6​. Two ways an entrepreneur may address social imbalances in the community include implementing diversity and inclusion initiatives within the business and supporting local community development projects. 7​. An entrepreneur can be assisted in addressing shortcomings in running the business by seeking mentorship from experienced business professionals, attending relevant training programs, and conducting regular self-assessments to identify areas for improvement.