primary school design case study pdf

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Designing schools for quality: An International, Case Study-based Review

Universal access to primary schools is a key millennium development goal, still proving difficult to deliver in low-income countries. Schools designed for the poorest remain inadequate for the numbers enrolled, and for the basic needs and functions of today’s classrooms. The key issue is overcrowding; classrooms designed for forty regularly accommodate more than sixty due to the use of outdated international classroom design standards. These schools also have poor access to infrastructure; electricity, drinking water, sanitation, and ICT/library spaces. This paper highlights these issues and suggests strategies for improved school design through the evaluation the EdQual research project school case studies, the author was involved with, and also recent international examples It is argued that schools designed considering these issues, can become 'hubs' for development; providing local assets that can be shared by their communities. (Approved for forthcoming publication in the International Journal for Education Development)

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The Building Schools for the Future programme has been established to ensure that English secondary schools are designed or redesigned to allow for educational transformation. The programme represents the biggest single UK government investment in school buildings for over 50 years. For this reason, it poses a major challenge to those involved in the design of educational buildings. Inspiration is in part sought from exemplar schools around the world. The paper draws on a multiple case study of four such exemplar schools in Scandinavia that have been designed to address changes in the educational curriculum. The analysis depicts the degree to which the building design in each case supports the school approach to teaching and learning. The disjuncture between commercial and educational issues inherent in designing ‘good’ schools is highlighted. The findings show how it is important to find a balance between good design, commercial realities and educational approaches.

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Please note you do not have access to teaching notes, primary school design: co-creation with children.

Archnet-IJAR

ISSN : 2631-6862

Article publication date: 30 November 2020

Issue publication date: 23 June 2021

The school environment affects children's health, emotions and learning. The good design of school buildings makes these places more pleasant and more functional. Children's views are important and need to be more effectively integrated in the school design project, especially after the pandemic as many schools had to re-design their spaces. However, there are challenges for academics, designers and policymakers in determining which methods are appropriate for listening to children's views and ensuring their effective participation. The study aims to evaluate the different ways in which children could get involved in designing schools, and to identify spatial design trends from the perspective of the children.

Design/methodology/approach

For this study, qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. Various data collection techniques were drawings, model making and questionnaires. The empirical study was undertaken by 120 children (8–10 years old), who designed three spaces in two Primary Schools in England.

This paper discusses the change in use of spaces for current and future (post-COVID) school design and the need for multi-purpose spaces that can flip form one to another. The findings highlight the importance of involving children in the school design process that could then inform the decision-making processes of architects and designers. The findings would have implications for school design practice, demonstrating how research can be embedded in primary schools to evaluate the quality of indoor and outdoor spaces.

Research limitations/implications

More research focusing on diverse spaces, various age groups and in different primary schools would provide reliable and age-appropriate guideline for future school design. It is recommended to gather children's and teachers' views related to the changes that primary schools in the UK have applied in response to the pandemic since June 2020 to assess the impact of social distancing in various indoor and outdoor spaces.

Originality/value

The study is a response to effective involvement of children in school design process as the main user. By identifying appropriate methods to gather children's views, the gap between academics, designers and policymakers can be bridged, especially for innovative post-COVID design of primary schools with radical changes. The study also highlights children's views for design of outdoor and indoor multi-functional spaces and suggests some post-pandemic design considerations to respond to children's preferences as well as their health and well-being.

• Participatory design
• Biophilic design
• Co-creation methods
• Co-design with children
• Primary school design

Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank the Faculty of Art, Design and Humanities at De-Montfort University for supporting her in carrying out these studies. The author also would like to thank the headteachers and teaching staff at Earlsdon Primary School and Broad Heath Primary School for their kind support and involvement in this research. Specially, the author would like to thank all the children participated in these studies for sharing their views and creating amazing work. Funding: There was no external funding for this project, but an internal fund from the faculty to buy the materials for model making.

Ghaziani, R. (2021), "Primary school design: co-creation with children", Archnet-IJAR , Vol. 15 No. 2, pp. 285-299. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARCH-07-2020-0132

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited

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• Elementary & Middle School

Manaskriti School / Chromed Design Studio

• Curated by Clara Ott
• Architects: Chromed Design Studio
• Area Area of this architecture project Area:  108375 ft²
• Year Completion year of this architecture project Year:  2018
• Photographs Photographs: Vaibhav Bhatia

Text description provided by the architects. Renowned for their design prowess across India, Chromed Design Studio has emerged triumphant in the creation of their latest educational project - The Manaskriti School. The school is located in Faridabad and is a metal shell smartly adapted & converted into a school building. With one eye focused on details and the other on utilitarianism, Ar. Abhigyan Neogi believes that a school design should radically rethink both traditional classroom learning as well as the physical arrangement of the designed spaces. Through this institutional design, Team Chromed was able to explore a layout that integrated eco-learning and social learning with the conventional classroom idea to expand an experience that goes beyond walls and exists with the natural environment.

The client came to the design team with the brief to convert a metal shell of a 9x9 meter grid framework into a functional school building. The challenge taken up was to convert the existing 15000 sq. ft. surface into a format of an educational building. The prefabricated structure was retrofitted and a program brief was created for up to middle school level classes.

The school is designed as a G+2 structure with a basement offering access to a multipurpose hall. The layout of the school is done keeping in mind all the requirements and needs of the students regarding studies and physical activities. The school layout is equipped with two tennis courts, one basketball court & volleyball court, a kids' playground, and a running track. The area on the ground floor has mainly been used for the purpose of surface parking. It also consists of an auditorium at one end. Each floor, ground, first, and second has five classrooms each. Apart from the classrooms, the school building is also provided with resource centers, halls, and a library. The school is designed for primary classes with major focus given to classes between 2nd and 6th. Keeping the outlook for interactive learning in mind, the classrooms are designed to incorporate enthusiastic activities that involve the kids' motor functions as well as brainstorming activities. The furniture used in the classrooms promotes a fluid internal design style as the desks and chairs can be rolled in and out of rooms.

A prodigious amount of design thought has gone into keeping the design open and accessible to all students. With the exterior being an interesting aspect of the building, the riveting part of designing this prefabricated structure was to outline it in a way that the entire metalwork is exposed. The interiors focused on cement work and terrazzo. Such infusion of material gives it an illusion of a permanent metallic casting offering a sublime school experience. Since the building is a metal structure, the primary design strategy is to retain maximum thermal neutrality.

The entire grammar follows a vibrant colour scheme of red, yellow, and blue. Since children associate more with primary colours, this assortment of colourful hues allows a more immersive synergetic experience for the kids.  There is an interplay of textures used in the design. Flooring is done with Kota Stone while terrazzo and concrete cement boards are used on surfaces, fabricating a layered background.

Schools are bestowed with the responsibility to nurture young minds and thus it is essential to create safe spaces with the use of maximum natural ventilation & sunlight and be free of toxic materials. Manaskriti School engages in the inclusion of energy-efficient buildings by using strategies such as light shelves, light wells, and a louvered facade that helps minimise heat gain inside the building. Building Management Systems, water recycling systems, dual plumbing systems, and on-site sewage treatment plants are put in place for this project. Waste management strategies that reduce the wastage of water, energy, and materials during the construction process have also been involved. Treatment of organic waste into fertiliser is utilized for on-site landscaping.

Low VOC paints and HVAC systems are incorporated in order to diminish volatile organic compounds and other air impurities inside the building. The choice of construction material and interior finishes is made in a way that produces low emissions. A natural air ventilation system assimilated inside intensifies the indoor air quality while providing adequate ventilation. With the building being largely a metal container, landscaping played a crucial role in managing the micro-climate of the area to augment on-site air quality.

Using low maintenance materials in construction and interiors, Chromed Design Studio has managed to reduce the overall operational cost of the building. The main highlight of the entire project is the prefabricated metal structure developed using architectural interventions. To allow freedom of use and maintain the open play layout for air ventilation, the school is made free of the illusion of barriers and is instead designed as one whole unit. It seemed ideal, with the climatic conditions and demands of the use and material of the structure, for designers to plan around natural light and ventilation as crucial elements of design. Relying on simple and efficient planning, and keeping a focus on the ease of use and access, Chromed Design Studio has created an institution that safely blends aesthetics and functionality.

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Address: faridabad, haryana, india.

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• Sustainability

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金属架空学校Manaskriti / Chromed Design Studio

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