string ending with vowel in javascript assignment expert

Popular Tutorials

Popular examples, reference materials, learn python interactively, javascript string methods.

In JavaScript, strings are used to represent and work with a sequence of characters. A string can represent an object as well as the primitive data type. JavaScript automatically converts primitive strings to String objects so that it's possible to use String methods and access properties even for primitive strings.

In this reference page, you will find all String methods and properties available in JavaScript. For example, the toUpperCase() method returns the string converted to uppercase.

JavaScript String length

Returns the number of characters in a string

JavaScript String replace()

replace a substring/pattern in the string

JavaScript String indexOf()

Returns the first index of occurrence of a value

JavaScript String lastIndexOf()

Returns the last index of occurrence of a value

Javascript String startsWith()

Checks if a string begins with a specified string

Javascript String endsWith()

Checks if a string ends with a specified string

Javascript String toUpperCase()

Returns uppercase of a string

Javascript String toLowerCase()

Returns lowercase representation of a string

Javascript String includes()

Checks if given string is found inside a string

JavaScript String repeat()

Returns a string by repeating it given times

JavaScript String charAt()

Returns character at a specified index in string

JavaScript String charCodeAt()

Returns Unicode of the character at given index

JavaScript String fromCharCode()

Returns a string from the given UTF-16 code units

Javascript String substring()

Returns a specified part of the string

Javascript String padStart()

Pads a string at the start to a given length

Javascript String padEnd()

Pads a string at the end to a given length

JavaScript String codePointAt()

Returns the Unicode point value at given index

JavaScript String fromCodePoint()

Returns a string using the given code points

Javascript String match()

Returns result of matching string with a regex

Javascript String matchAll()

Returns iterator of results matching with a regex

Javascript String localeCompare()

Compares two strings in the current locale

Javascript String search()

Searches for specified value in the string

JavaScript String replaceAll()

Returns string by replacing all matching patterns

JavaScript String concat()

Concatenates the arguments to the calling string

JavaScript String split()

Returns the string divided into list of substring

JavaScript String trim()

Removes whitespace from both ends of a string

JavaScript String slice()

Extracts and returns a section of the string

• Skip to main content
• Skip to search
• Skip to select language
• Sign up for free
• English (US)

Handling text — strings in JavaScript

• Overview: First steps

Next, we'll turn our attention to strings — this is what pieces of text are called in programming. In this article, we'll look at all the common things that you really ought to know about strings when learning JavaScript, such as creating strings, escaping quotes in strings, and joining strings together.

The power of words

Words are very important to humans — they are a large part of how we communicate. Since the web is a largely text-based medium designed to allow humans to communicate and share information, it is useful for us to have control over the words that appear on it. HTML provides structure and meaning to text, CSS allows us to precisely style it, and JavaScript offers many features for manipulating strings. These include creating custom welcome messages and prompts, showing the right text labels when needed, sorting terms into the desired order, and much more.

Pretty much all of the programs we've shown you so far in the course have involved some string manipulation.

Declaring strings

Strings are dealt with similarly to numbers at first glance, but when you dig deeper you'll start to see some notable differences. Let's start by entering some basic lines into the browser developer console to familiarize ourselves.

To start with, enter the following lines:

Just like we did with numbers, we are declaring a variable, initializing it with a string value, and then returning the value. The only difference here is that when writing a string, you need to surround the value with quotes.

If you don't do this, or miss one of the quotes, you'll get an error. Try entering the following lines:

These lines don't work because any text without quotes around it is interpreted as a variable name, property name, reserved word, or similar. If the browser doesn't recognize the unquoted text, then an error is raised (e.g., "missing; before statement"). If the browser can detect where a string starts but not its end (owing to the missing second quote), it reports an "unterminated string literal" error. If your program is raising such errors, then go back and check all your strings to make sure you have no missing quotation marks.

The following will work if you previously defined the variable string — try it now:

badString is now set to have the same value as string .

Single quotes, double quotes, and backticks

In JavaScript, you can choose single quotes ( ' ), double quotes ( " ), or backticks ( ` ) to wrap your strings in. All of the following will work:

You must use the same character for the start and end of a string, or you will get an error:

Strings declared using single quotes and strings declared using double quotes are the same, and which you use is down to personal preference — although it is good practice to choose one style and use it consistently in your code.

Strings declared using backticks are a special kind of string called a template literal . In most ways, template literals are like normal strings, but they have some special properties:

• you can embed JavaScript in them
• you can declare template literals over multiple lines

Embedding JavaScript

Inside a template literal, you can wrap JavaScript variables or expressions inside ${ } , and the result will be included in the string:

You can use the same technique to join together two variables:

Joining strings together like this is called concatenation .

Concatenation in context

Let's have a look at concatenation being used in action:

Here, we are using the window.prompt() function, which prompts the user to answer a question via a popup dialog box and then stores the text they enter inside a given variable — in this case name . We then display a string that inserts the name into a generic greeting message.

Concatenation using "+"

You can use ${} only with template literals, not normal strings. You can concatenate normal strings using the + operator:

However, template literals usually give you more readable code:

Including expressions in strings

You can include JavaScript expressions in template literals, as well as just variables, and the results will be included in the result:

Multiline strings

Template literals respect the line breaks in the source code, so you can write strings that span multiple lines like this:

To have the equivalent output using a normal string you'd have to include line break characters ( \n ) in the string:

See our Template literals reference page for more examples and details of advanced features.

Including quotes in strings

Since we use quotes to indicate the start and end of strings, how can we include actual quotes in strings? We know that this won't work:

One common option is to use one of the other characters to declare the string:

Another option is to escape the problem quotation mark. Escaping characters means that we do something to them to make sure they are recognized as text, not part of the code. In JavaScript, we do this by putting a backslash just before the character. Try this:

You can use the same technique to insert other special characters. See Escape sequences for more details.

Numbers vs. strings

What happens when we try to concatenate a string and a number? Let's try it in our console:

You might expect this to return an error, but it works just fine. How numbers should be displayed as strings is fairly well-defined, so the browser automatically converts the number to a string and concatenates the two strings.

If you have a numeric variable that you want to convert to a string or a string variable that you want to convert to a number, you can use the following two constructs:

• The Number() function converts anything passed to it into a number if it can. Try the following: js const myString = "123" ; const myNum = Number ( myString ) ; console . log ( typeof myNum ) ; // number
• Conversely, the String() function converts its argument to a string. Try this: js const myNum2 = 123 ; const myString2 = String ( myNum2 ) ; console . log ( typeof myString2 ) ; // string

These constructs can be really useful in some situations. For example, if a user enters a number into a form's text field, it's a string. However, if you want to add this number to something, you'll need it to be a number, so you could pass it through Number() to handle this. We did exactly this in our Number Guessing Game, in line 59 .

So that's the very basics of strings covered in JavaScript. In the next article, we'll build on this, looking at some of the built-in methods available to strings in JavaScript and how we can use them to manipulate our strings into just the form we want.