thesis conference papers

Conference Papers

What this handout is about.

This handout outlines strategies for writing and presenting papers for academic conferences.

What’s special about conference papers?

Conference papers can be an effective way to try out new ideas, introduce your work to colleagues, and hone your research questions. Presenting at a conference is a great opportunity for gaining valuable feedback from a community of scholars and for increasing your professional stature in your field.

A conference paper is often both a written document and an oral presentation. You may be asked to submit a copy of your paper to a commentator before you present at the conference. Thus, your paper should follow the conventions for academic papers and oral presentations.

Preparing to write your conference paper

There are several factors to consider as you get started on your conference paper.

Determine the structure and style

How will you structure your presentation? This is an important question, because your presentation format will shape your written document. Some possibilities for your session include:

• A visual presentation, including software such as PowerPoint or Prezi
• A paper that you read aloud
• A roundtable discussion

Presentations can be a combination of these styles. For example, you might read a paper aloud while displaying images. Following your paper, you might participate in an informal conversation with your fellow presenters.

You will also need to know how long your paper should be. Presentations are usually 15-20 minutes. A general rule of thumb is that one double-spaced page takes 2-2.5 minutes to read out loud. Thus an 8-10 page, double-spaced paper is often a good fit for a 15-20 minute presentation. Adhere to the time limit.  Make sure that your written paper conforms to the presentation constraints.

Consider the conventions of the conference and the structure of your session

It is important to meet the expectations of your conference audience. Have you been to an academic conference previously?  How were presentations structured? What kinds of presentations did you find most effective? What do you know about the particular conference you are planning to attend? Some professional organizations have their own rules and suggestions for writing and presenting for their conferences. Make sure to find out what they are and stick to them.

If you proposed a panel with other scholars, then you should already have a good idea of your panel’s expectations. However, if you submitted your paper individually and the conference organizers placed it on a panel with other papers, you will need additional information.

Will there be a commentator? Commentators, also called respondents or discussants, can be great additions to panels, since their job is to pull the papers together and pose questions. If there will be a commentator, be sure to know when they would like to have a copy of your paper. Observe this deadline.

You may also want to find out what your fellow presenters will be talking about. Will you circulate your papers among the other panelists prior to the conference? Will your papers address common themes? Will you discuss intersections with each other’s work after your individual presentations? How collaborative do you want your panel to be?

Analyze your audience

Knowing your audience is critical for any writing assignment, but conference papers are special because you will be physically interacting with them. Take a look at our handout on audience . Anticipating the needs of your listeners will help you write a conference paper that connects your specific research to their broader concerns in a compelling way.

What are the concerns of the conference?

You can identify these by revisiting the call for proposals and reviewing the mission statement or theme of the conference. What key words or concepts are repeated? How does your work relate to these larger research questions? If you choose to orient your paper toward one of these themes, make sure there is a genuine relationship. Superficial use of key terms can weaken your paper.

What are the primary concerns of the field?

How do you bridge the gap between your research and your field’s broader concerns? Finding these linkages is part of the brainstorming process. See our handout on brainstorming . If you are presenting at a conference that is within your primary field, you should be familiar with leading concerns and questions. If you will be attending an interdisciplinary conference or a conference outside of your field, or if you simply need to refresh your knowledge of what’s current in your discipline, you can:

• Read recently published journals and books, including recent publications by the conference’s featured speakers
• Talk to people who have been to the conference
• Pay attention to questions about theory and method. What questions come up in the literature? What foundational texts should you be familiar with?
• Review the initial research questions that inspired your project. Think about the big questions in the secondary literature of your field.
• Try a free-writing exercise. Imagine that you are explaining your project to someone who is in your department, but is unfamiliar with your specific topic. What can you assume they already know? Where will you need to start in your explanation? How will you establish common ground?

Contextualizing your narrow research question within larger trends in the field will help you connect with your audience.  You might be really excited about a previously unknown nineteenth-century poet. But will your topic engage others?  You don’t want people to leave your presentation, thinking, “What was the point of that?” By carefully analyzing your audience and considering the concerns of the conference and the field, you can present a paper that will have your listeners thinking, “Wow! Why haven’t I heard about that obscure poet before? She is really important for understanding developments in Romantic poetry in the 1800s!”

Writing your conference paper

I have a really great research paper/manuscript/dissertation chapter on this same topic. Should I cut and paste?

Be careful here. Time constraints and the needs of your audience may require a tightly focused and limited message. To create a paper tailored to the conference, you might want to set everything aside and create a brand new document.  Don’t worry—you will still have that paper, manuscript, or chapter if you need it. But you will also benefit from taking a fresh look at your research.

Citing sources

Since your conference paper will be part of an oral presentation, there are special considerations for citations. You should observe the conventions of your discipline with regard to including citations in your written paper. However, you will also need to incorporate verbal cues to set your evidence and quotations off from your text when presenting. For example, you can say: “As Nietzsche said, quote, ‘And if you gaze for long into an abyss, the abyss also gazes into you,’ end quote.” If you use multiple quotations in your paper, think about omitting the terms “quote” and “end quote,” as these can become repetitive. Instead, signal quotations through the inflection of your voice or with strategic pauses.

Organizing the paper

There are numerous ways to effectively organize your conference paper, but remember to have a focused message that fits the time constraints and meets the needs of your audience. You can begin by connecting your research to the audience’s concerns, then share a few examples/case studies from your research, and then, in conclusion, broaden the discussion back out to general issues in the field.

Don’t overwhelm or confuse your audience

You should limit the information that you present. Don’t attempt to summarize your entire dissertation in 10 pages. Instead, try selecting main points and provide examples to support those points. Alternatively, you might focus on one main idea or case study and use 2-4 examples to explain it.

Check for clarity in the text

One way to anticipate how your ideas will sound is to read your paper out loud. Reading out loud is an excellent proofreading technique and is a great way to check the clarity of your ideas; you are likely to hear problems that you didn’t notice in just scanning your draft.  Help listeners understand your ideas by making sure that subjects and verbs are clear and by avoiding unnecessarily complex sentences.

Include verbal cues in the text

Make liberal use of transitional phrases like however, therefore, and thus, as well as signpost words like first, next, etc.

If you have 5 main points, say so at the beginning and list those 5 ideas. Refer back to this structure frequently as you transition between sections (“Now, I will discuss my fourth point, the importance of plasma”).

Use a phrase like “I argue” to announce your thesis statement. Be sure that there is only one of these phrases—otherwise your audience will be confused about your central message.

Refer back to the structure, and signal moments where you are transitioning to a new topic: “I just talked about x, now I’m going to talk about y.”

I’ve written my conference paper, now what?

Now that you’ve drafted your conference paper, it’s time for the most important part—delivering it before an audience of scholars in your field!  Remember that writing the paper is only one half of what a conference paper entails. It is both a written text and a presentation.

With preparation, your presentation will be a success. Here are a few tips for an effective presentation. You can also see our handout on speeches .

Cues to yourself

Include helpful hints in your personal copy of the paper. You can remind yourself to pause, look up and make eye contact with your audience, or employ body language to enhance your message. If you are using a slideshow, you can indicate when to change slides. Increasing the font size to 14-16 pt. can make your paper easier to read.

Practice, practice, practice

When you practice, time yourself. Are you reading too fast? Are you enunciating clearly? Do you know how to pronounce all of the words in your paper? Record your talk and critically listen to yourself. Practice in front of friends and colleagues.

If you are using technology, familiarize yourself with it. Check and double-check your images. Remember, they are part of your presentation and should be proofread just like your paper.  Print a backup copy of your images and paper, and bring copies of your materials in multiple formats, just in case.  Be sure to check with the conference organizers about available technology.

Professionalism

The written text is only one aspect of the overall conference paper. The other is your presentation. This means that your audience will evaluate both your work and you! So remember to convey the appropriate level of professionalism.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Adler, Abby. 2010. “Talking the Talk: Tips on Giving a Successful Conference Presentation.” Psychological Science Agenda 24 (4).

Kerber, Linda K. 2008. “Conference Rules: How to Present a Scholarly Paper.” The Chronicle of Higher Education , March 21, 2008. https://www.chronicle.com/article/Conference-Rules-How-to/45734 .

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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• How to cite a conference paper in APA Style

Citing a Conference Paper in APA Style | Format & Examples

Published on November 6, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on December 4, 2023.

The format for citing conference papers in APA Style depends on whether the paper has been published, and if so, in what format. Note that a separate format exists for citing dissertations . You can cite a conference paper easily by using our free APA Citation Generator .

To cite a paper that has been presented at a conference but not published, include the author’s name, the date of the conference, the title of the paper (italicized), “Paper presentation” in square brackets, the name and location of the conference, and a URL or DOI if available.

Cite a conference paper in APA Style now:

Table of contents, citing a conference paper published in a journal, citing a conference paper published in a book, frequently asked questions about apa style citations.

Conference papers are sometimes published in journals. To cite one of these, use the same format as you would for any journal article .

Scribbr Citation Checker New

The AI-powered Citation Checker helps you avoid common mistakes such as:

• Missing commas and periods
• Incorrect usage of “et al.”
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• Missing reference entries

Conference papers may also be collected in book form. In this case, you can cite one in the same way as you would cite a chapter from a book .

Include the DOI at the very end of the APA reference entry . If you’re using the 6th edition APA guidelines, the DOI is preceded by the label “doi:”. In the 7th edition , the DOI is preceded by ‘https://doi.org/’.

• 6th edition: doi: 10.1177/0894439316660340
• 7th edition: https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0894439316660340

APA citation example (7th edition)

Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2016). The relations among social media addiction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in university students. Social Science Computer Review , 35 (5), 576–586. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439316660340

In an APA journal citation , if a DOI (digital object identifier) is available for an article, always include it.

If an article has no DOI, and you accessed it through a database or in print, just omit the DOI.

If an article has no DOI, and you accessed it through a website other than a database (for example, the journal’s own website), include a URL linking to the article.

The abbreviation “ et al. ” (meaning “and others”) is used to shorten APA in-text citations with three or more authors . Here’s how it works:

Only include the first author’s last name, followed by “et al.”, a comma and the year of publication, for example (Taylor et al., 2018).

You may include up to 20 authors in a reference list entry .

When an article has more than 20 authors, replace the names prior to the final listed author with an ellipsis, but do not omit the final author:

Davis, Y., Smith, J., Caulfield, F., Pullman, H., Carlisle, J., Donahue, S. D., James, F., O’Donnell, K., Singh, J., Johnson, L., Streefkerk, R., McCombes, S., Corrieri, L., Valck, X., Baldwin, F. M., Lorde, J., Wardell, K., Lao, W., Yang, P., . . . O’Brien, T. (2012).

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2023, December 04). Citing a Conference Paper in APA Style | Format & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved April 2, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/apa-examples/conference-paper/

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Referencing - Thesis & Conference Papers

Conference papers.

Example - Print

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Title.  [Masters Thesis, Publisher], Place of Publication.

Example - Online

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Title.  [Masters Thesis, Publisher], URL.

For further information see:

• APA style referencing published theses *Links to external website
• APA style referencing unpublished theses *Links to external website
• Provide the names of the presenters as the author
• Provide the full dates of the conference for a conference presentation
• Conference proceedings published in a journal follow the same format as journal articles

Example - Published conference papers - journal

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Title of conference paper . Journal title. Volume (issue), page numbers. DOI or URL.

Example - Conference Presentation

Presenter surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year).  Title.  [Conference Paper], Conference Title, Place of Publication,   Publisher. DOI or URL.

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Referencing - Thesis & Conference Papers

Conference papers.

Example - Print

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Title.  [Masters Thesis, Publisher], Place of Publication.

Example - Online

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Title.  [Masters Thesis, Publisher], URL.

For further information see:

• APA style referencing published theses *Links to external website
• APA style referencing unpublished theses *Links to external website
• Provide the names of the presenters as the author
• Provide the full dates of the conference for a conference presentation
• Conference proceedings published in a journal follow the same format as journal articles

Example - Published conference papers - journal

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Title of conference paper . Journal title. Volume (issue), page numbers. DOI or URL.

Example - Conference Presentation

Presenter surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year).  Title.  [Conference Paper], Conference Title, Place of Publication,   Publisher. DOI or URL.

• APA style referencing conference presentations *Links to external website
• APA style referencing conference proceedings *Links to external website
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• Conference papers, presentations, theses

Conference papers, presentations

• For conference papers published online, hyperlink the title . If you’re citing a PDF, avoid linking directly to the PDF. Instead link to the page that hosts the PDF.

Published conference paper and presentation

Elements of the reference, author a (day month year) ‘title of paper: subtitle of paper’ [conference presentation],  name of conference , place of conference, accessed day month year., in-text citation, blunden (2007) or (blunden 2007), reference list, blunden j (9–12 may 2007) ‘ plain or just dull collateral damage from the plain english movement ’ [conference presentation],  3rd iped conference , tasmania, accessed 3 may 2019., unpublished conference paper, author a (day month year) ‘title of paper: subtitle of paper’ [unpublished conference presentation],  name of conference , place of conference., blunden j (9–12 may 2007) ‘plain or just dull collateral damage from the plain english movement’ [unpublished conference presentation],  3rd iped conference , hobart..

• If the thesis is online, hyperlink the title and include an accessed date. If you’re citing a PDF, avoid linking directly to the PDF. Instead link to the page that hosts the PDF.

Published thesis

Author a (year)  title of thesis: subtitle of thesis  [type of thesis], name of university, accessed day month year., (rahman 2013) or rahman (2013), rahman m (2013)  using authentic materials in the writing classes: tertiary level scenario  [master’s thesis], brac university, accessed 5 may 2017., unpublished thesis, author a (year)  title of thesis: subtitle of thesis  [unpublished type of thesis], name of university, accessed day month year., rahman m (2013)  using authentic materials in the writing classes: tertiary level scenario  [unpublished master’s thesis], brac university, accessed 5 may 2017..

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Ten tips for presenting a conference paper

Advice from a guide prepared by two academics will help you to impress a conference audience.

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Speaking at academic conferences can be a scary prospect . Here is some advice from “ How to give a conference paper ” by Edward James, emeritus professor of medieval history at University College Dublin , and Farah Mendlesohn, professor of literary history at Anglia Ruskin University

• A conference paper is not an article. You can fit about 2,100 words into a 20-minute paper session. If you try to fit in more, you will either gabble or run over time. Both are not just embarrassing, they are plain rude .
• If it is an international conference, there will be people there to whom English ­is a second or third language. Even if their English is good, they may not be familiar with your accent. Speak clearly.
• Smile when you start. The importance of this cannot be overstated. Smiling lifts the voice (this is why singers often smile on high notes). It makes you sound enthusiastic even if you aren’t. The audience is on your side. It doesn’t want you to fail. On the whole, this should be an enjoyable experience, and it will be the more so if you start by realising we are all in this together.
• Do not read to the desk. If you hold the paper up at nose level, you will be talking to the room. This helps both to project the voice and to maintain contact with the audience.
• You can fit in only one theoretical idea. There is time to expand on it and to explain how it applies to the texts you are discussing, but you do not have time to discuss more than one.
• Start the paper with your thesis. Even if this isn’t how you write, you need to think of a paper as a guided tour. Your audience needs some clue as to where it is going.
• There is a good chance [that your study of a subject] is incomplete. This is good . It will make the paper seem open to argument. The trick is not to let it look directionless.
• Encourage questions, leave things open, say things like “I haven’t yet thought x through fully” or “I’m planning to consider y at a later date…”. It will enable the audience to feel they can contribute to the development of your ideas. [With] really beautiful papers, all that is left for the audience to do is say “wow”. It’s awkward for the audience: they want to be able to comment; and it’s embarrassing for the presenter who thinks no one liked their paper.
• “Preparation” is important but not “rehearsal”. Too much rehearsal may make you sound dull. The aim is for a paper that sounds spontaneous, but isn’t. Do not practise reading the paper aloud (it will sound tired by the time we hear it), but do practise reading to punctuation from a range of texts.
• Whatever you do, do not imagine that you can take a section of a paper written for a journal, or a chapter written for a book, and simply read it out. A paper written for academic publication is rarely suitable for reading out loud. Get used to the idea that you should write a paper specifically for the conference. It will be less dense, less formal, with shorter sentences, and more signposts for the listeners.

These tips have been reproduced with the consent of the authors and a full version of this guide, which also includes tips on speaking without reading, is available for download here .

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Graduate International Connection Program

How to Write Seminar and Research Papers Effectively

October 3, 2020 by yeku1

Written by Praveen Krishna Veerasubramanian

Hi all! Congratulations on your successful admit, and welcome to UCI!

As graduate students, we would all be tasked with the drafting research papers for journals, seminars or conferences. Such an endeavor can result in instances of immense anxiety, procrastination or simply writer’s block. As an indispensable part of graduate life, research writing turns into a rewarding experience once we overcome the few barriers with practice and prudence. Here, I am curating a list of general pointers that is intended to help you with academic writing.

• Know the requirements – Most journals and conferences have a list of guidelines meant to steer your writing process. These would include instructions on word limits, page limits, sections, figures, and scientific flavor, to name a few.
• Know your audience – It becomes imperative to understand the requirements of your readers in order to create an effective publication. Keep in mind that the reader in your target journal or conference might not be familiar with the nuances of your field of research. This means that you might need to offset this with a more informative introduction.
• Define the scope and purpose – Describe what the paper is intended to achieve.
• Create an outline – Start by writing a skeleton of statements. This would help you organize your thoughts better and formulate ideas that could serve as topic sentences for the sections. An outline would also serve to unify, sort and prioritize your ideas into a central theme or big picture.
• Plan for visuals – Information in your paper may be better represented through schematics, data charts or process diagrams. Envision your figures and tables as you write the outline for the paper.
• Gather and digest relevant high-standard literature and sources – This becomes important input for the introduction, methods and discussion sections for original research papers. For review papers, you might have to create an extensive library of relevant publications and sources. Exemplary articles may also serve as model articles for your own.
• Use a citation/reference/library manager – Reference managers help you organize your library better and keep track of the publications that you want to cite. After citation into your draft, reference managers can help you change the citation style with the click of a button. Collaborative writing exercises are also simplified with a shared library. Endnote Basic, Mendeley and Zotero are a few examples of free and popular library managers used by academic writers. This comparison of the common citation managers will help you choose yours.
• Discuss authorship beforehand – Disagreements on authorships can turn out to be a sticky issue with the potential to affect the relationship between academic collaborators. It is best to bring up the topic of authorship even as a research work is being proposed and done. Discuss with your supervisor/PI and collaborators to make sure everybody is aware of their responsibilities and outcomes.
• Write, edit, review, repeat… – Writing is an iterative process, and you would most likely go through multiple cycles of idea synthesis, drafting, editing and clean-up. Share your outline/rough draft for review by your collaborators, peers, and PI so that you can get feedback early in this process. This would ensure that your paper is organized in a manner that is most logical and elegant.
• Be mindful of plagiarism and its risks – Always ensure originality in your written pieces. Plagiarism is not tolerated at any level in graduate school. In addition, always remember to cite and credit any data that you might borrow, to its original authors.

Once you have written a complete first draft, you would need to address lower order concerns like grammar, punctuation and spelling errors. A good word processor can do the heavy lifting in this effort. In addition, it might help to know the various elements of academic writing mechanics. This Online Writing Lab describes various strategies that can help with the writing process.

UCI offers several resources that can help you with writing your next academic paper –

• Program in Academic English  – This program offered by the School of Humanities, has been engineered to benefit non-native speakers. It aims to polish their writing, conversational, and presentation skills.
• Writing Support at Graduate Resource Center (GRC)  – The GRC provides writing support services for the diverse academic needs of graduate students. It organizes the ESL/ELL academic writing workshop series that address specific grammar and language mechanics of a formal English composition. Writing consultants at the GRC also provide individual meetings with students to review academic content (publications, dissertation/thesis, conference paper, resume/CV, cover letters, etc.) and organize boot camps and workshops periodically, relating to scholarly writing. The GRC also hosts targeted writing groups and offers dedicated writing space for graduates.
• UCI Libraries  – The library would be your go-to place for research needs and the UCI libraries seldom disappoint you. The  UCI library  website is a great place to start locating various UCI libraries and exploring their resources. It provides helpful information and tutorials on topics, such as browsing and borrowing books, interlibrary loans from other UC libraries, research guides and tools, accessing multimedia resources, and off-campus resource access. One can also find help exploring subject-specific content by contacting  subject librarians . The library also provides dissertation consultation services to critique theses for formatting requirements.

I hope this was helpful. Wish you good luck with your writing exercises!

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Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts

Conference Presentations

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

This resource provides a detailed overview of the common types of conference papers and sessions graduate students can expect, followed by pointers on presenting conference papers for an audience. 

Types of conference papers and sessions

Panel presentations are the most common form of presentation you will encounter in your graduate career. You will be one of three to four participants in a panel or session (the terminology varies depending on the organizers) and be given fifteen to twenty minutes to present your paper. This is often followed by a ten-minute question-and-answer session either immediately after your presentation or after all of the speakers are finished. It is up to the panel organizer to decide upon this framework. In the course of the question-and-answer session, you may also address and query the other panelists if you have questions yourself. Note that you can often propose a conference presentation by yourself and be sorted onto a panel by conference organizers, or you can propose a panel with a group of colleagues. Self-proposed panels typically have more closely related topics than conference-organized panels.

Roundtables feature an average of five to six speakers, each of whom gets the floor for approximately five to ten minutes to speak on their respective topics and/or subtopics. At times, papers from the speakers might be circulated in advance among the roundtable members or even prospective attendees.

Workshops feature one or a few organizers, who usually give a brief presentation but spend the majority of the time for the session facilitating an activity that attendees will do. Some common topics for these sessions typically include learning a technology or generating some content, such as teaching materials.

Lightning talks (or Ignite talks, or Pecha Kucha talks) are very short presentations where presenters' slide decks automatically advance after a few seconds; most individual talks are no longer than 5 minutes, and a lightning talk session typically invites 10 or more presenters to participate over the course of an hour or two rather than limiting the presenters like a panel presentation. A lightning talk session will sometimes be held as a sort of competition where attendees can vote for the best talk. 

SIGs (Special Interest Groups) are groups of scholars focused on a particular smaller topic within the purview of the larger conference. The structure of these sessions varies by conference and even by group, but in general they tend to be structured either more like a panel presentation, with presenters and leaders, or more like a roundtable, with several speakers and a particular meeting agenda. These styles resemble, respectively, a miniconference focusing on a particular topic and a committee meeting. 

Papers with respondents are structured around a speaker who gives an approximately thirty-minute paper and a respondent who contributes their own thoughts, objections, and further questions in the following fifteen minutes. Finally, the speaker gets that same amount of time to formulate their reply to the respondent.

Poster presentations ask participants to visually display their ideas on a research poster, which is typically displayed with other research posters in a specific area at a conference. The poster needs to be understandable on its own (without the author) as viewers sometimes look through the posters outside the bounds of the poster session, which is a scheduled period of time where poster authors stand with their posters and engage viewers in conversation about the work. Research posters have long tended to follow common templates for design, but in recent years some scholars have begun challenging these templates for improved usability (for example, the Better Poster campaign as described here  or the APA template based on the original, here.

You can read more about research posters on our resource here .

Presenting the conference paper

Aim to take less time than you are given! If your presentation slot is 15 minutes, aim for 13 or 14 when you practice. A little leeway and a slightly shorter presentation is a courtesy to your audience and to your fellow presenters, and will not at all imply that you are unprepared or unprofessional — in fact, being able to keep well within your allotted time is the mark of a good presenter.

Make sure you speak slowly and clearly, using accessibility aids if available such as a microphone or closed captioning on a slide deck. Many presenters have begun bringing accessibility copies of their talks, which are printed transcripts of the talk using a larger font for audience members who need them. It is also becoming increasingly common for presenters at conferences to share their slides and copies of their talk via a shortened link or QR code found on the bottom of the slides so that audiences may access them later or even while they are in your session.

The conventions for presentation differ based on field. Some fields tend toward reading papers aloud with very little audiovisual accompaniment; others use slide decks; others speak extemporaneously. You can find out more about typical practices in your field by attending conferences yourself and by asking mentors. Generally, you will be able to improve the accessibility of your presentation if you have a visual accompaniment and prepared remarks.

Even in fields where presenters tend to read papers verbatim, it is rarely a good idea to bring a paper from a class or another research paper you have written without editing it for an oral presentation. Seminar papers tend to be too long to read in 15 minutes, and often lead to graduate students surpassing their time limits. Moreover, research papers are meant to be read — they lack the kinds of repetition and simple sentence structure that are more beneficial to listeners. Finally, conference presentations do not serve the same purposes as most class papers — typically in a class, you're expected to show that you have understood the material, but at a conference, listeners are more interested in hearing what contributions you have that might help them in their own research. It's typical to move the bulk of your literature review to an appendix or another document so that you can discuss other scholarship in the area if it comes up in the Q&A, but during your presentation you're left free to focus on your own methods and findings. (Many presenters will even say: "I'm skipping a lot of [X material] for the sake of time, but I'm happy to discuss it later with anyone who's interested.")

Since you will present your paper orally, you may repeat important points and say more about the structure of the essay than a written submission to a journal (or a paper for your undergraduate or graduate courses) would require. This often means signposting orally when you are moving to a new section of the paper or when you are shifting to a new idea. The thesis of your paper should come early in your presentation to give listeners a clear understanding of what is to follow. At this point, you may also overview or forecast your paper and tell listeners how you will move from one argument to the next. It is generally advised to quickly summarize your important points in a bulleted list at the end of your presentation to remind everyone of the two or three most essential arguments or findings.

If you use a slide presentation, you may want to follow the guidelines presented in the OWL resource, Designing an Effective PowerPoint Presentation .

Is it an Article, a Book, or a Chapter in a Book? Identifying Citations: Theses, Dissertations, Conference Papers

• Introduction
• Journal Articles
• Journal Article: APA, MLA, & Chicago Side-by-Side
• Book: APA, MLA, & Chicago Side-by-Side
• Chapters in Books
• Chapter: APA, MLA, & Chicago Side-by-Side
• Test Yourself!
• Theses, Dissertations, Conference Papers

THESES & DISSERTATIONS

A thesis is written to satisfy a requirement for a Master's degree.  There is almost always something in the database record or the citation that says "thesis."  Frequently, the degree will be mentioned as well.  The name of an advisor may be included as well as the name of the author.

Dissertations

A dissertation is written to satisfy a requirement for a Doctoral degree.  Look for the word "dissertation" or the phrase, "Dissertation Abstracts."  Advisors and committee members (people who write dissertations must make an oral presentation to a committee) will be mentioned.

CONFERENCE PAPERS & CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

Conference Papers

A conference paper is both a written document and an oral presentation by the author or authors at a conference.  Conference papers may or may not be published in the form of scholarly journal articles.  There is usually mention of "a paper presented at the 2019 Such and Such Conference on Stuff."  If published as journal articles, these citations are similar to normal journal citations.

Conference Proceedings

Conference proceedings are collections of conference papers presented at a particular conference.  These are published in book form.  There is usually something that says "proceedings" or "proceedings of the 2019 Such and Such Conference on Stuff."  These citations are similar to normal book or book chapter citations.

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APA Referencing: Theses, Conference Papers, Reports, Grey Literature

• In-Text Citation
• Reference List
• AI and ChatGPT
• Audio Visual Material - Film, TV, YouTube, TED Talks
• Books, eBooks, Dictionaries, Encyclopedias
• Figures (Including images), Tables
• Health Resources
• Journal Articles, Magazines, Newspapers
• Legal Material - Acts, Regulations, Standards, Te Tiriti o Waitangi/Treaty of Waitangi
• Other - Brochures, Course Handouts
• Personal communication, Intranet, Indigenous Oral Traditions
• Theses, Conference Papers, Reports, Grey Literature
• Webpages, Blog Post, Social Media

Unpublished thesis

In-text citation

Reference list entry

• Unpublished works are those retrieved directly from the institute or university in print form
• Place either [Unpublished doctoral thesis] or [Unpublished master's thesis] after the title
• The name of the Institution awarding the degree is in the source field

Thesis published online

• Published works that are available online e.g. Institutional respositories 
• Place either [Doctoral thesis, Name of Institution Awarding the Degree] or [Master's thesis, Name of Institution Awarding the Degree] after the title
• Place the Archive/repository Name in the source field followed by the URL
• If the thesis is from the database ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global add this in the source field

Conference Papers

• Conference proceeding published in a book or journal follow the same format as for a journal article, edited book or edited book chapter

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year, Month, Date-range).  Title of presentation  [Description]. Conference Name, Location. (DOI  OR  URL if online)

• Conference sessions include paper presentations, poster sessions and keynote addresses etc. 
• Include a label in square brackets after the title that describes how the presentation was described at the conference e.g.[Conference session]. [Poster presentation].
• The date is that of the full conference e.g. (2020, September 18-20).
• Include the location of the conference

Reports and Grey Literature

Reports. There are many types of reports including government reports, annual reports, technical reports and research reports. They usually cover original research but may or may not be peer-reviewed. They are part of a body of literature called grey literature.

Grey literature refers to research or resources that have been published informally and are not controlled by commercial publishers . As mentioned with reports, it may  not be peer-reviewed so the quality can vary, but it is often a good source of raw data or current information on specific topics.  The category of grey literature includes press releases, codes of ethics, policy briefs, grants, guidelines, working papers, patents, etc. 

First in-text citation if wish to abbreviate a group author name

Second and subsequent in-text citation

Grey literature

• Author can be an individual or a group 
• Date is as specific as possible e.g (2021). or (2020, September 25). 
• Title may be followed by a report number in round brackets
• It is optional but a description of the less common grey literature can be in square brackets after the title
• Source is the publisher followed by the URL. If the author and publisher are the same, omit the publisher from the source field to avoid repetition

Useful Links

Whitireia/weltec library guides.

APA Referencing Quick Guide  

APA Referencing Guide to Hanging Indentation 

Introduction to APA Referencing Guide

Key Changes between APA 6th and APA 7th edition

Paraphrasing Author(s) Multiple Times in a Paragraph 

Images: Finding and Referencing

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Assignment Writing  - Covers plagiarism, paraphrasing

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Click here if you are a Whitireia student.  

Click here if you are a Weltec student.  

• Log in if prompted
• Click Academic Communication, then  Introduction to APA  and  Plagiarism & Academic Integrity

Referencing tools

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APA Style Blog

Referencite, University of Auckland

Referencing software

Mendeley  

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How to Cite in APA Style (7th Edition)

• About APA 7th ed.
• In-text Citations
• Webpages, Reports
• Media Works
• Conference, Theses, Data Sets, etc.

Conference Papers & Presentations

Doctoral dissertation & master's thesis, online maps, oral history interview.

• Sample Reference List
• Cite Tables & Figures
• Help You Cite Tools
• Test Your Knowledge
• Online Tutorials & Videos

Conference Proceedings

• Conference paper published in a proceeding which is also a journal → cite as  a journal article

Zhang, J., & Letaief, K. B. (2020). Mobile Edge Intelligence and Computing for the Internet of Vehicles. Proceedings of the IEEE, 108 (2), 246–261. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2019.2947490

• Conference paper published in a proceeding as a book chapter → cite as  an edited book chapter

Lhuillier, M., & Quan, L. (2002). Quasi-dense reconstruction from image sequence. In A. Heyden, G. Sparr, M. Nielsen, & P. Johansen (Eds.), Computer Vision - ECCV 2002, PT II (Vol. 2351, Issue 7th European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV 2002), pp. 125–139).

• Conference proceeding published as a whole book → cite as  a whole edited book

Voros, N., Huebner, M., Keramidas, G., Goehringer, D., Antonopoulos, C., & Diniz, P. C. (2018). Applied Reconfigurable Computing. Architectures, Tools, and Applications . Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78890-6

More details: Section 10.5

Conference Presentations & Poster Presentations

Presenter, A. A. (Year, Month). Title of conference presentation or poster  [Type of contribution]. Conference Name, Location. DOI / URL (if available)

Zhao, S. (2014, June). Beyond information literacy: Supporting science & scholarly communications [Poster presentation]. SLA 2014 Annual Conference & INFO-EXPO, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Hsieh, C. C., & Hui, K. W. (2011, December). Analyst report readability in high-technology firms  [Paper presentation]. 15th Finance and Accounting Seminar, Xiamen, Fujian, China. https://hdl.handle.net/1783.1/7936

• If the presented paper is available online, give the URL. 

Dissertation or thesis from a database

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of doctoral dissertation or master's thesis [Doctorial dissertation or Master's thesis, Name of Institution Awarding the Degree]. Database Name.

Lin, Y. (2005). Three essays on international trade   [Doctoral dissertation, Vanderbilt University Graduate School] . ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I.

Unpublished dissertation or thesis

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of doctoral dissertation or master's thesis  [Unpublished doctorial dissertation or Unpublished master's thesis]. Name of Institution Awarding the Degree.

More details: Section 10.6

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of data set [Data set]. Publisher Name. URL

Buildings Department (2014, April). New buildings - Occupation permits issued by the Building Authority [Data file] .   http://www.gov.hk/en/theme/psi/datasets/bd/stats/2014/04/Md13.xls

• Provide the URL that directly link to the data set file rather than to a download site.  (Section 10.9)
• If the author and publisher name are the same, the name appears in the author element only to avoid repetition (Section 9.24, para 2) . 

More details:  Data set reference

Inventor, A. A. (Year the patent was issued). Title of patent (Patent Number). Patent office. URL

• Give the year the patent was issued, not the year the patent was applied for.

Bochereau, S., Browder, S., Beek, F. V., & King, R. (2020). T actile simulation of initial contact with virtual objects (U.S. Patent No. 10,852,827 B1). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/79/64/80/5925843816841f/US10852827.pdf

Fry, A. L. (1993).  Repositionable pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet material  (U.S. Patent No. 5,194,299). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.  https://patents.google.com/patent/US5194299

More details: Section 11.8

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of map [Map]. Publisher Name. URL

Media Technology & Publishing Center, HKUST (2022, August). Campus Map [Map] . Retrieved August 30, 2022, from http://publish.ust.hk/univ/maps/Campus_Map_Color.pdf

More examples: Chapter 10 - Example 100

Interviewee, A. A. (Date of interview). Title of interview [Interview]. Publisher Name. URL

Russell, B. (2013, May 12). Bill Russell oral history interview conducted by Taylor Branch in Seattle, Washington [Interview]. Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/item/2015669187/

More details: Section 8.7

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Harvard Referencing Guide

• In-text citations
• Reference List Guidelines
• Journal Articles
• Conference Papers and Theses
• Videos and Audio material
• Images, graphs, tables, data sets
• Social Media
• Legal Sources
• Personal Communication

Conference papers

Conference papers should be referenced in a similar way to journal articles. List the titles of papers in single quotation marks and sentence case, followed by the name of the conference proceedings in italics and title case. For proceedings accessed online, include the doi or accessed date Day Month Year and URL, or the database.

Rule : Author A (Year) ‘Title of article: subtitle of article’,  Name of Conference Proceedings , volume(issue):page–page, doi:number

Mohamed, S. (2019) ‘A Critical Praxis in the Information Literacy Education Classroom: Using the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education’, in  Information Literacy in Everyday Life . [Online]. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 506–521.  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13472-3

Khomokhoana, P. J. & Nel, L. (2019) ‘Decoding Source Code Comprehension: Bottlenecks Experienced by Senior Computer Science Students’, in  ICT Education . [Online]. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 17–32.

García-Macías, V. et al. (2018) ‘Endohaptic: virtual system for endodontic training using haptic devices’, in  Proceedings of the 7th Mexican Conference on human-computer interaction . ACM. pp. 1–4., https://doi.org/10.1145/3293578.3293594

Jantjies, M. et al. (2018) ‘Experiential learning through Virtual and Augmented Reality in Higher Education’, in  Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on education technology management . [Online]. 2018 ACM. pp. 42–45.

Theses and Dissertation

University theses can be sourced in hardcopy or online via repositories. present the title of the thesis (also called a dissertation in some countries) in italics and sentence case. describe the type of thesis, i.e. phd or masters, and the university that awarded the degree (including its location) following the title. reference the accessed date and url or database or publisher..

Rule: Author A (Year)  Title of thesis: subtitle of thesis  [type of thesis], Name of University, accessed date Day Month Year, URL or database.

Walters, J. (2020).  Diagnostic accuracy of maxillary periapical pathology perforating the sinus floor: a comparison of pantomograph and CBCT images  . Thesis. University of the Western Cape. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7349 2020.  

Mkhize, M. (2014)  A retrospective assessment of the upper LIP response following upper INCISOR retraction . Thesis (M.A.)--University of the Western Cape, 2014.  

Ngema, M. N. (2012)  A cephalometric comparison of class II extraction cases treated with tip-edge and edgewise techniques . Thesis (M.Ch.D.)--University of the Western Cape, 2012.

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Turning Dissertations Into Conference Presentations

In this column I will share some advice for turning your dissertation into a conference presentation, starting with the question of why present at a conference in the first place.

Why Should You Present Your Dissertation at a Conference?

If you are a final-year undergraduate or graduate student, you may be looking forward to submitting your dissertation and not having to read it again. However, after all you have poured into your work, you may also want to take your academic journey further, especially if you are proud of your final product.

Researchers often disseminate their work through conference presentations, conference proceedings, and publications in journals and books. Giving conference presentations is a great opportunity for novice researchers to consider. Presenting at a conference has numerous benefits, including opportunities to “contribute to and learn about the most recent advances in your field,” “learn how to talk about your data,” “contribute to your overall research profile,” and “meet other researchers in your field and potential contacts for future positions” (Dunn, 2007, n.p.; see also Moore, 2017). These are some of the reasons why even established scholars regularly join conferences but for someone newer in the field participating in them contributes to resume building and can be essential to growing as an educator and researcher. Through interacting with attendees from all over the world, you can share ideas and learn the latest trends, which could inspire your next research project.

In this article, I offer two pieces of advice to help you think about how to turn your dissertation into a conference presentation.

Select a Suitable Conference

It does not really matter whether you join a regional, national, or international conference. Some universities offer opportunities for students to present their research work and share their developments with fellow teachers and students through internal university-run conferences. If you want to get the most out of a conference, it is important to know how to find a suitable conference to present your dissertation work.

Conferences which invite leading scholars in the field are vital, as their ideas can help improve and strengthen your research. They should also provide networking opportunities, or a platform for people to discuss their work and to develop possible future collaborations. Some conferences publish a post-conference proceedings – a published record of a conference – which would be an additional benefit if you want to publish part of your dissertation (the topic of my next column). Publishing your work in a proceedings is an excellent opportunity to begin your academic writing career. Annual conferences like the JALT International Conference and the JALT PanSIG Conference (both held in Japan) are examples of conferences that fit the criteria listed above. They could present a nice first step for students who have (almost) finished their dissertations on topics related to language teaching and learning to get further involved in the academic community. In particular, the JALT International Conference includes a Graduate Student Showcase where students from various universities can present their work. Ask your university teachers if this might be an option for you.

It is also worth cautioning that there are ‘predatory’ conferences that are largely money-making ventures for the organizations that hold them. How can you tell if a conference is predatory? One red flag is receiving an unsolicited email inviting you to submit an abstract. Another is an overly broad conference theme, such as “educational research.”  If you’re not sure about a conference, please ask a faculty member about it. The conferences run by national language teachers’ associations such as JALT, JACET, KOTESOL, and CamTESOL are generally safe to submit your work to.

Select the Best Examples and Data from Your Dissertation

After deciding which conference suits you, the next challenge to consider is how to present your complicated dissertation at a conference. The most popular type of conference presentation, oral presentation, usually lasts less than half an hour. You can also submit a poster presentation proposal, but it is still impossible to squeeze every piece of information from your dissertation into a single A1- or A0-sized poster.

These two principles should help: First, a conference abstract is not the same as your dissertation abstract. Second, a conference paper and a dissertation are two different genres of communication. This means that your conference abstract should at most be based on one or two of your dissertation chapters. A good 20- to 25-minute presentation is focused, concise, and (most important of all) understandable to your audience. You may have documented all primary and secondary sources of research that you conducted in your dissertation, on top of detailed literature reviews, methodology, and data analysis. But you do not need to do the same for your conference presentation. It is enough to simply choose a few interesting, original, and coherent ideas from your dissertation, setting aside much of the background and context to the arguments you make. This is especially the case for a conference abstract, which is typically used to let conference attendees choose which presentations to attend. A lengthy and complicated abstract is therefore generally undesirable.

Many people worry about not mentioning enough background information to demonstrate their scholarship. You can do this strategically by giving a verbal or written summary of the necessary background information in your conference presentation. After all, if you were in an audience, you would likely want to hear much more about the presenter’s examples and data rather than getting a lecture on the literature. If your audience finds the ideas in your paper or presentation compelling, they can always go on to read more of your research from your completed dissertation or upcoming journal articles.

Presenting at conferences is sometimes undervalued by the wider community. One reason is that not everyone can gain access to what is disseminated at a conference, unlike published books and journal articles, which are generally more widely available. Another reason is that the credibility of the information presented in presentations can be preliminary or tentative, with conference presenters’ fuller findings published in manuscripts that undergo a peer-review process.

In turning your dissertation into a conference presentation, you can share your findings, receive direct feedback from attendees working in a similar field, and get ideas for further improving your research. It can especially provide an experiential foundation for students aspiring to continue their academic research journeys through future peer-reviewed publications.

Finally, if you would like more advice on writing a conference abstract proposal, you’ll be pleased to know there is a lot of good literature on this topic. The references below are a great place to start, as are previous editions of this column.

Dunn, K. (2007, November). Why it’s important for you to present your data at scientific conferences. Psychological Science Agenda . Retrieved from < http://www.apa.org/science/about/psa/2007/11/student-council-1.aspx>

Moore, C. (2017). Publishing conference presentations. The Language Teacher, 41 (3), 42-43.

Tiffany Ip teaches at universities in Hong Kong. She gained a PhD in neurolinguistics and strives to utilize her knowledge to translate brain research findings into practical classroom instructions.

Journal vs conference papers: Key differences & advice

Journal and conference papers are not the same, and both formats have advantages and disadvantages. A good understanding of the key differences between journal and conference papers avoid s pitfalls, such as copyright issues when wanting to turn a conference into a journal paper at a later stage.

Disclosure: This post may contain affiliate links, which means I may earn a small commission if you make a purchase using the links below at no additional cost to you . I only recommend products or services that I truly believe can benefit my audience. As always, my opinions are my own.

What is a journal paper?

What is a conference paper, advantages of journal papers, disadvantages of journal papers, advantages of conference papers, disadvantages of conference papers, differences between journal and conference papers, questions to ask yourself before submitting a conference paper, is conference paper better than journal paper, can you use a conference paper in a journal, are all conference papers automatically published in conference proceedings, do conference papers count as publications.

A journal paper is a written piece of academic work – presenting empirical research, a theoretical discussion, or both – published in an academic journal. Most journal papers or articles are peer-reviewed , meaning they undergo a rigorous review process involving several stages and rounds of revisions before they are published.

Most academic journals have an impact factor, which is an index calculated based on the number of citations of articles published within a specific journal. The higher the impact factor of a journal, the wider the (potential) reach of journal papers that it publishes. And the better the reputation of the journal.

Therefore, authors of journal papers tend to target journals with a high impact factor to publish their work. There are other criteria that play a role when selecting a journal to publish research . However, the impact factor remains a crucial one, as publications in high-impact factor journals strongly influence academic promotions.

A conference paper is a piece of academic work that is specifically written for an academic conference, and mostly accompanies a conference presentation. While there are some exceptions, most conference papers are not peer-reviewed.

Conference papers are usually submitted several weeks before the actual conference, and circulated among conference participants in preparation for the actual presentations. However, not all conferences require conference papers. And some conferences make the submission of a conference paper optional.

Many conferences that require or allow the submission of a conference paper have ‘best conference paper’ awards, rewarding outstanding submissions. Furthermore, some conferences publish a collection of conference papers after the event, in the so-called conference proceedings. Many conference proceedings do not have an impact factor.

If you are looking to elevate your writing and editing skills, I highly recommend enrolling in the course “ Good with Words: Writing and Editing Specialization “, which is a 4 course series offered by the University of Michigan. This comprehensive program is conveniently available as an online course on Coursera, allowing you to learn at your own pace. Plus, upon successful completion, you’ll have the opportunity to earn a valuable certificate to showcase your newfound expertise!

Advantages and disadvantages of journal and conference papers

The choice between a journal or a conference paper should be a careful one. Both formats fulfill important but different roles in academia. Therefore, a good understanding of the benefits and drawbacks of both formats can help to make an informed decision.

Please notice that the following points are developed from a social sciences perspective. Other fields and specific disciplines may have different standards.

• Journal papers are more prestigious in academia. Especially if you strive for an academic career , publishing peer-reviewed journal papers in high-impact journals should be your priority.
• Journal papers are more frequently cited than conference papers. Journal impact factors are not the only metric that strongly influences academic promotions: The so-called h-index is a metric that measures your ‘impact’ in terms of how often your publications have been cited. And journal papers are cited more often than conference papers, as they are considered more reputable.
• Journal papers undergo revisions, which often means they are of higher quality. Due to the rigorous peer-review process that most journal papers are subjected to, the quality of journal papers tends to be better than that of conference papers. During peer review, experts on a topic point out flaws in the draft paper, challenge your thinking and provide suggestions for improvement. While dealing with peer review comments can be a tedious process, the final result is often a much better paper compared to the initial manuscript.
• Publishing a journal paper takes time. The whole process from manuscript to published paper can be lengthy, and take from anywhere between several months to several years.
• Most journals do not publish preliminary results. Even if you make a groundbreaking discovery in your preliminary analysis, most journals will not consider it worthy of a publication before more final conclusions can be drawn.
• There is a risk of outdated data in journal papers. For instance, if you want to publish your academic work to contribute to a current societal discussion, a journal paper may not be the best option. In the worst case, the publishing process takes more than a year and by the time of publication, your data may be outdated. Furthermore, your conclusions may be irrelevant for practice as a lot can change in a year.
• Journal papers have to follow strict rules set by journals. Journals set, for example, rules in terms of length, structure, or reference style that have to be followed. Conference papers, on the other hand, are often more flexible.
• Conference papers tend to have a lower threshold of acceptance than journal papers. It is much easier to publish a conference paper in conference proceedings than publish academic work in a high-impact journal. Therefore, conference papers can be a valuable option to learn about paper writing and publishing, and an easier way for early career researchers to get their name on a publication.
• Conference papers are published relatively fast. Some conference papers undergo peer review before being published in conference proceedings, but many don’t. In general, conference proceedings are published relatively soon after the actual conference takes places. Thus, a conference paper can be a good way to publish fast.
• Conference papers can discuss ongoing research and preliminary results. Contrary to journal papers, conference papers often address ongoing research and tentative conclusions. Furthermore, the format tends to be more open than in journal papers, providing authors of conference papers more freedom in terms of content and structure.
• Conference papers can often compete for ‘best conference paper’ aw ards . And having such an award to your name certainly looks good on your academic CV !
• Conference papers do not count as much as journal publications for career advancement. This is because many conference papers are not peer-reviewed and because many conference proceedings do not have an impact factor. Thus, in terms of career promotion or trajectories, conference papers are less relevant than journal papers.
• Conference papers can create copyright issues. It is a very common scenario: an author writes a conference paper first, then makes some edits and submits it to an academic journal for publication. If the conference paper has been published in conference proceedings, it will likely be flagged as plagiarised by the journal. Journals do not like to publish articles which have been published elsewhere in a similar fashion, and some use any indication of plagiarism (even if it is self-plagiarism) as a reason to desk-reject a manuscript.
• Sharing great ideas prematurely in a conference paper can make you vulnerable. Unfortunately, there is a lot of competition in academia, and not everyone plays by the rules. Therefore, you should always carefully consider how much of your work you share, without linking it to a publication of your own. Sharing an excellent idea that is sent around to hundreds of conference participants creates a risk that someone copies or steals your idea or approach, and tries to publish it faster in a journal article than you do.

Based on the discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of journal and conference papers above, the following key differences come to light:

• Content and requirements : Conference papers are more open to include preliminary results and are more flexible in terms of requirements than journal papers. The target audience of conference papers are conference participants, while journal papers target the wider academic community.
• Submission and peer review process : Journal papers tend to be submitted via an online system and undergo a structured peer review process. Conference papers are often simply sent to the conference organisers by email and are not peer-reviewed.
• Time to publication: Conference papers are often published more quickly in conference proceedings than journal papers are published in academic journals.
• Career relevance: Journal papers are much more relevant for academic careers than conference papers. Most journals have impact factors, while most conference proceedings do not have impact factors.

Even though journal papers are more important for academic promotions, submitting a conference paper is not per se the wrong choice. A ‘best conference paper’ award, for instance, can make you stand out when applying for academic jobs.

When embarking on writing a conference paper, it is better to be safe than sorry: At times, it may require reaching out to conference organisers or target journals to make sure that you will not run into copyright or plagiarism issues at a later point.

Oftentimes, conferences still allow you to present even without submitting a conference paper. Or you can ask the conference organisers not to include your paper in the conference proceedings. Furthermore, some journals are okay with publishing a paper that has been published in a conference proceeding earlier. Just make sure to ask in advance to prevent bad surprises!

Thus, when considering a conference paper, first answer the following questions:

• What are the benefits of submitting a conference paper to the specific conference, and do they outweigh the drawbacks?
• How can I mitigate the drawbacks? (Would my conference paper be published in the conference proceedings and can I opt out? Can I participate in the conference without a conference paper?)
• Do I share too many original ideas in my conference paper, which someone could copy without referring to my work as I haven’t published on the topic yet?
• Could I face copyright issues if I want to turn my conference paper into a journal paper at a later point?

Frequently Asked Questions

In academia, journal papers are considered ‘better’ than conference papers because they have a stronger positive impact on academic careers. Reasons for this are the more rigorous peer-review process that journal papers tend to undergo before publication, the higher standards of journals compared to conference proceedings, and the impact factor of journals.

You should never simply submit a conference paper to a journal without making substantial edits beforehand. That said, it is okay to use similar data or arguments. If your conference paper has been published in conference proceedings, it is best to inform the journal about it in your letter to the editor , which accompanies your journal paper submission. Otherwise, it may be flagged as plagiarised and immediately desk-rejected by the journal editors before it even has the chance to enter the peer-review process.

Not all conference papers are automatically published in conference proceedings. Different conferences have different rules when it comes to publishing papers in conference proceedings. Therefore, you should check the rules and procedures of a specific conference in advance. If you cannot find the information online, you can send an email to the conference organisers. You can also always ask if it is possible to present without submitting a conference paper or to not have your conference paper published in the conference proceedings.

Conference papers often do not count as academic publications. Therefore, on academic CVs, conference papers tend to be listed under ‘Conferences’ instead of ‘Publications’. Alternatively, they are listed as a separate sub-category under ‘Publications’, but in a way that they are clearly differentiated from other (peer-reviewed) publications.

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Subject Guide

Finding Conference Papers in Education

Not all subject databases index conference papers/proceedings. ERIC and PsycINFO are useful if looking for conference proceedings in Education.

• PsycINFO You can limit a search in PsycINFO to conference proceedings by using the Advance Search and scrolling down to the section called "Book Type" and choosing "Conference Proceedings"

Additional Resources for Conference Proceedings

Here are some other useful databases when searching specifically for conference papers or proceedings.

• COS Conference Papers Index Provides citations to papers and poster sessions presented at major scientific meetings around the world. Subject emphasis since 1995 has been in the life sciences, environmental sciences and the aquatic sciences, while older material also covers physics, engineering and materials science. Information is derived from final programs, abstracts booklets and published proceedings, as well as from questionnaire responses. Records include complete ordering information to obtain preprints, abstracts, proceedings and other publications derived from the conference, together with title and author information needed to track the specific papers.

Dissertations

The Purdue University Libraries collects, preserves, and provides access to dissertations as original works of scholarship in conjunction with doctorates awarded by the University. Other pertinent student works such as master's and honors theses may also be collected.

What is the difference between a thesis and a dissertation?

At Purdue, “thesis” typically refers to a Master’s program and “dissertation” refers to the Ph.D program. In the early years a thesis was written in many undergraduate programs (i.e B.S. in Engineering).

How can I find dissertations that were written at Purdue?

The Purdue Libraries holds one copy of each title from 1882 to present. In some cases these have been marked confidential or have restrictions in place for a limited period of time. The original paper copies do not circulate and must be viewed in Archives and Special Collections. These can be requested through the Libraries catalog . Please log in to request your item. When the request is received, it is pulled from the storage Repository and delivered to be viewed in the Archives and Special Collections Research Center on the 4 th floor of the Humanities and Social Sciences Library (HSSE). This is located in Stewart Center, 504 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907. You will receive a confirmation email when the item is ready along with directions to the Archives.

More information:

The first Thesis is available to be viewed in Archives and Special Collections . Early Purdue University Theses and Dissertations (starting in 1882 and scanned up to 1906 so far) have been scanned and are available online. Open access copies are available online through the Theses and Dissertations, Purdue e-Puds (including some copies from ProQuest). Copies available for loan: Some of the theses and dissertations have been microfilmed and can be requested for off campus use through Interlibrary Loan (ILL) . Also, some paper duplicates will show up in the catalog, please request the copy that does not say “Only viewable in the Archives.” Alumni can request an electronic copy of their theses or dissertation from the past by contacting [email protected].  If you have questions about depositing your thesis or dissertation, please contact the graduate school Thesis and Dissertation Office . 

How can I find theses or dissertations from U.S. institutions?

Go to Dissertations and Theses (PQDT) . It offers a comprehensive listing of bibliographic entries for theses and dissertations in the Dissertation Abstracts database. Theses and dissertations listed since 1997 are available in PDF digital format for users affiliated with Purdue University with access to theses and dissertations from CIC institutions. For those entries not full-text, 24-page previews are available. For non full-text entries and possible borrowing of non-Purdue titles, consult Interlibrary Loan .

How can I find dissertations that are free?

• From Center for Research Libraries (CRL) search for available paper-bound titles. CRL has more than 750,000 uncataloged foreign [non-U.S. or Canadian] doctoral dissertations, of which approximately 20,000 are presently in this database. Please consult with CRL if you are unable to find a dissertation that you may require.
• Cybertheses permits access to selected French dissertations from 1972 to the present. This database can provide access to another index where full-text provision for selected dissertations [theses in French] may be provided.
• NDLTD - Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations . NDLTD provides access to thousands of digitally available dissertations and theses. Both U.S. and foreign dissertations and theses can be accessed through this site for those institutions participating within this association.

Searching for Dissertations and Theses in Education

• Dissertations and Theses (Native ProQuest interface) Central resource for information about doctoral dissertations and master's theses. Dissertations and theses published by Purdue Graduate Students from Fall 2018 onward can be found in the Hammer Research Repository

• Purdue e-Pubs - Theses and Dissertations Link to Theses and Dissertations that Purdue students have wished to make openly available

What is the difference?

• Dissertations & Theses is not limited by any subject area and has more than 2 million entries.
• ERIC is limited to the field of education and has over 25,000 dissertations: those authors submit and those from ProQuest Dissertations &Theses database.
• Purdue e-pubs is limited to the Purdue students that have chosen to make their dissertation or thesis openly available.
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How to Write a Conference Paper

Table of contents

How to write a conference paper with innovation.

• Write a Conference Paper with Precision
• Write a Conference Paper for Peer-review

How to Write a Conference Paper with Worth the Presentation

• Write a Conference Paper with an Appropriate Abstract
• Write a Conference Paper with the Right Format

Before gaining insight into - how to write a conference paper , try to understand that conference papers are meant to get presented in front of a highly knowledgeable audience. This audience is well aware of the subject, yet looks forward to gaining added information or an innovative idea to enhance the current subject. To write a conference paper there are some key principles that you need to follow:

Note that every conference comprises of its predetermined criteria for the selection of research topic, formatting and presentation of the paper.

To write a conference you must understand the purpose, the discipline, and the format of the paper. Unlike any other research paper , a conference paper remains concise and absolute about the new idea or any innovative plan. You need to consider some brainstorming sessions for yourself to resolve a particular problem to build a new way of looking at a particular issue. While doing so, you must express your in-depth understanding and knowledge about the subject in a very precise manner. Moreover, it is also necessary that the audience that comprises your peers get the encouragement to evaluate your paper .

To gain an answer to how to write a conference paper?’ always remain focused on enhancing your innovative research approach, and express the same by following the steps as noted below:

Deal with a Common Topic -> Identify the Challenge/s -> Undergo Voracious Readings -> Brainstorm Yourself -> Find Solution/s to the Identified Challenge/s

By means of offering a unique and effective solution to your conference paper, you can add great relevance to the subject and this is something that gets highly acknowledged by scholars.

Write a Conference Paper with Precision

For a conference paper always create a draft. Try to construct the information around it. Avoid all kinds of repetitions and unnecessary information. Do not ever include any word or sentence that is irrelevant to the topic.

Your Introduction should be constructed as per the interest of the audience. There is no need for any reference to former research work. You are not supposed to elaborate on the ways you have attained the results. Just stay focused in explaining the Results that you have attained from your experiment. Conclude the conference paper with affirmations and possibilities for future research.

Write a conference paper by addressing the following aspects in a very precise and comprehensive manner:

In the first paragraph of your paper, express the purpose of your presentation. Support it with relevant information and statistics. Explain the aim and objectives with great precision. Make sure that you give correct, valid and details about the database. Explain the results that you have attained while resolving the research issue. Express the relevance of your paper and determine its importance for future attention. In every step acknowledge the former researcher who guided you through the research process. In every step add your extended thought.

Be very precise and concrete, yet expressive in every sentence of your conference paper .

Write a Conference Paper for Peer-review

Since the conference paper gets presented to scholars, make sure that you maintain complete professionalism while making the presentation. There should be an adequate amount of clarity in your language and a comprehensive way of presenting every justification. When you write a conference paper, remain specific about supporting your logical sentences with in-text citations. Always explain the reasons to either support or reject the particular thought of the former researcher. Enlist the sources of the in-text citation in the Reference List.

While explaining your research context use transitional phrases, such as-

‘therefore’, ‘hence’, ‘consequently’, ‘moreover’, ‘meanwhile’, ‘however’, ‘therefore’.

Always prefer to address the systematic mode of explanation in a very step-by-step manner. Always use ordinals and signpost phrases, such as –

‘firstly’, secondly’, ‘next’, 'This essay critically examines', ‘The major issue…’, 'This essay is organised ...'.

Open debates for discussions and remain ready for feedbacks and rejections from your peers. If you are getting a notable amount of critical points of view, then consider your conference paper as a success. Gaining the attention of your peers adds relevance and significance to your conference paper. Always welcome and appreciate their ideologies and school of thinking.  

The conference papers are subject to deliver path-breaking ideas and thus the presence of such a paper should be very neatly structured. To bring the scholars to your presentation sessions, you must offer a very convincing Abstract. As the scholars will find the Abstract to be critical and interesting, they will prefer to find out what you are going to present. It is at this point that the presentation of your conference paper must remain strict to the standardised format, as mentioned in the letter of ‘Call for Papers. You can structure the format of your presentation in support of reading out your paper with visual presentations or make it a roundtable discussion.

Write a Conference Paper with an Appropriate Abstract

To get a rigid answer to the question- how to write a conference paper?’ you need to understand that a conference paper is a verbal presentation. This is the reason that the Abstract of a conference paper is saved for all those people who will attend the conference. In most of the conferences, the presentations of the conference papers are distributed in different rooms. The scholars are offered handouts or schedules, where the Abstract of papers will be presented. Specific information about the rooms and timings of every paper is noted in these handouts or schedules. After reading the Abstracts, the scholars decide to attend the respective presentations of the papers, which is complete as per their choices and preferences. This is the reason that the Abstract of a conference paper is much more than just an outline of the accomplished brainstormed conclusion attained by you. Your Abstract must comprise of the following specifications:

Write a Conference Paper with the Right Format

To write a conference paper, the format of a conference paper must be organised in a very systematic way. The core inclusions in the format are:

Unlike any other research paper, write a conference paper in a very different format. There is no specific Introduction or Literature Review. The conference paper starts directly with the Purpose of the Paper, where you need to state the aims and objectives of the research. Then in a very short paragraph, state the research approach. The core concern of a conferment paper is the results that you attained. Present your results in coherence with the innovative conclusive proceeding. Offer recommendations and scopes for developing your thought in future.

Since you need to write a conference paper for a presentation of 20 to 30 minutes, it is necessary to include only information which can support the Purpose and Results of your research. However, always add the Acknowledgements, References, and Appendices to your conference paper and present them in case any scholar wants to have additions support to your statements.

Thus, the aforementioned points are effective in delivering a clear concept on how to write a conference paper?’. Follow the instructions and make a difference in the world of intellectual platforms.

Announcing the NeurIPS 2023 Paper Awards 

Communications Chairs 2023 2023 Conference awards , neurips2023

By Amir Globerson, Kate Saenko, Moritz Hardt, Sergey Levine and Comms Chair, Sahra Ghalebikesabi 

We are honored to announce the award-winning papers for NeurIPS 2023! This year’s prestigious awards consist of the Test of Time Award plus two Outstanding Paper Awards in each of these three categories: 

• Two Outstanding Main Track Papers 
• Two Outstanding Main Track Runner-Ups 
• Two Outstanding Datasets and Benchmark Track Papers  

This year’s organizers received a record number of paper submissions. Of the 13,300 submitted papers that were reviewed by 968 Area Chairs, 98 senior area chairs, and 396 Ethics reviewers 3,540  were accepted after 502 papers were flagged for ethics reviews . 

We thank the awards committee for the main track: Yoav Artzi, Chelsea Finn, Ludwig Schmidt, Ricardo Silva, Isabel Valera, and Mengdi Wang. For the Datasets and Benchmarks track, we thank Sergio Escalera, Isabelle Guyon, Neil Lawrence, Dina Machuve, Olga Russakovsky, Hugo Jair Escalante, Deepti Ghadiyaram, and Serena Yeung. Conflicts of interest were taken into account in the decision process.

Congratulations to all the authors! See Posters Sessions Tue-Thur in Great Hall & B1-B2 (level 1).

Outstanding Main Track Papers

Privacy Auditing with One (1) Training Run Authors: Thomas Steinke · Milad Nasr · Matthew Jagielski

Poster session 2: Tue 12 Dec 5:15 p.m. — 7:15 p.m. CST, #1523

Oral: Tue 12 Dec 3:40 p.m. — 4:40 p.m. CST, Room R06-R09 (level 2)

Abstract: We propose a scheme for auditing differentially private machine learning systems with a single training run. This exploits the parallelism of being able to add or remove multiple training examples independently. We analyze this using the connection between differential privacy and statistical generalization, which avoids the cost of group privacy. Our auditing scheme requires minimal assumptions about the algorithm and can be applied in the black-box or white-box setting. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework by applying it to DP-SGD, where we can achieve meaningful empirical privacy lower bounds by training only one model. In contrast, standard methods would require training hundreds of models.

Are Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models a Mirage? Authors: Rylan Schaeffer · Brando Miranda · Sanmi Koyejo

Poster session 6: Thu 14 Dec 5:00 p.m. — 7:00 p.m. CST, #1108

Oral: Thu 14 Dec 3:20 p.m. — 3:35 p.m. CST, Hall C2 (level 1) 

Abstract: Recent work claims that large language models display emergent abilities, abilities not present in smaller-scale models that are present in larger-scale models. What makes emergent abilities intriguing is two-fold: their sharpness, transitioning seemingly instantaneously from not present to present, and their unpredictability , appearing at seemingly unforeseeable model scales. Here, we present an alternative explanation for emergent abilities: that for a particular task and model family, when analyzing fixed model outputs, emergent abilities appear due to the researcher’s choice of metric rather than due to fundamental changes in model behavior with scale. Specifically, nonlinear or discontinuous metrics produce apparent emergent abilities, whereas linear or continuous metrics produce smooth, continuous, predictable changes in model performance. We present our alternative explanation in a simple mathematical model, then test it in three complementary ways: we (1) make, test and confirm three predictions on the effect of metric choice using the InstructGPT/GPT-3 family on tasks with claimed emergent abilities, (2) make, test and confirm two predictions about metric choices in a meta-analysis of emergent abilities on BIG-Bench; and (3) show how to choose metrics to produce never-before-seen seemingly emergent abilities in multiple vision tasks across diverse deep networks. Via all three analyses, we provide evidence that alleged emergent abilities evaporate with different metrics or with better statistics, and may not be a fundamental property of scaling AI models.

Outstanding Main Track Runner-Ups

Scaling Data-Constrained Language Models Authors : Niklas Muennighoff · Alexander Rush · Boaz Barak · Teven Le Scao · Nouamane Tazi · Aleksandra Piktus · Sampo Pyysalo · Thomas Wolf · Colin Raffel

Poster session 2: Tue 12 Dec 5:15 p.m. — 7:15 p.m. CST, #813

Oral: Tue 12 Dec 3:40 p.m. — 4:40 p.m. CST, Hall C2 (level 1)  

Abstract : The current trend of scaling language models involves increasing both parameter count and training dataset size. Extrapolating this trend suggests that training dataset size may soon be limited by the amount of text data available on the internet. Motivated by this limit, we investigate scaling language models in data-constrained regimes. Specifically, we run a large set of experiments varying the extent of data repetition and compute budget, ranging up to 900 billion training tokens and 9 billion parameter models. We find that with constrained data for a fixed compute budget, training with up to 4 epochs of repeated data yields negligible changes to loss compared to having unique data. However, with more repetition, the value of adding compute eventually decays to zero. We propose and empirically validate a scaling law for compute optimality that accounts for the decreasing value of repeated tokens and excess parameters. Finally, we experiment with approaches mitigating data scarcity, including augmenting the training dataset with code data or removing commonly used filters. Models and datasets from our 400 training runs are freely available at https://github.com/huggingface/datablations .

Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model Authors: Rafael Rafailov · Archit Sharma · Eric Mitchell · Christopher D Manning · Stefano Ermon · Chelsea Finn

Poster session 6: Thu 14 Dec 5:00 p.m. — 7:00 p.m. CST, #625

Oral: Thu 14 Dec 3:50 p.m. — 4:05 p.m. CST, Ballroom A-C (level 2)  

Abstract: While large-scale unsupervised language models (LMs) learn broad world knowledge and some reasoning skills, achieving precise control of their behavior is difficult due to the completely unsupervised nature of their training. Existing methods for gaining such steerability collect human labels of the relative quality of model generations and fine-tune the unsupervised LM to align with these preferences, often with reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). However, RLHF is a complex and often unstable procedure, first fitting a reward model that reflects the human preferences, and then fine-tuning the large unsupervised LM using reinforcement learning to maximize this estimated reward without drifting too far from the original model. In this paper, we leverage a mapping between reward functions and optimal policies to show that this constrained reward maximization problem can be optimized exactly with a single stage of policy training, essentially solving a classification problem on the human preference data. The resulting algorithm, which we call Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), is stable, performant, and computationally lightweight, eliminating the need for fitting a reward model, sampling from the LM during fine-tuning, or performing significant hyperparameter tuning. Our experiments show that DPO can fine-tune LMs to align with human preferences as well as or better than existing methods. Notably, fine-tuning with DPO exceeds RLHF’s ability to control sentiment of generations and improves response quality in summarization and single-turn dialogue while being substantially simpler to implement and train.

Outstanding Datasets and Benchmarks Papers

In the dataset category : 

ClimSim: A large multi-scale dataset for hybrid physics-ML climate emulation

Authors:  Sungduk Yu · Walter Hannah · Liran Peng · Jerry Lin · Mohamed Aziz Bhouri · Ritwik Gupta · Björn Lütjens · Justus C. Will · Gunnar Behrens · Julius Busecke · Nora Loose · Charles Stern · Tom Beucler · Bryce Harrop · Benjamin Hillman · Andrea Jenney · Savannah L. Ferretti · Nana Liu · Animashree Anandkumar · Noah Brenowitz · Veronika Eyring · Nicholas Geneva · Pierre Gentine · Stephan Mandt · Jaideep Pathak · Akshay Subramaniam · Carl Vondrick · Rose Yu · Laure Zanna · Tian Zheng · Ryan Abernathey · Fiaz Ahmed · David Bader · Pierre Baldi · Elizabeth Barnes · Christopher Bretherton · Peter Caldwell · Wayne Chuang · Yilun Han · YU HUANG · Fernando Iglesias-Suarez · Sanket Jantre · Karthik Kashinath · Marat Khairoutdinov · Thorsten Kurth · Nicholas Lutsko · Po-Lun Ma · Griffin Mooers · J. David Neelin · David Randall · Sara Shamekh · Mark Taylor · Nathan Urban · Janni Yuval · Guang Zhang · Mike Pritchard

Poster session 4: Wed 13 Dec 5:00 p.m. — 7:00 p.m. CST, #105 

Oral: Wed 13 Dec 3:45 p.m. — 4:00 p.m. CST, Ballroom A-C (level 2)

Abstract: Modern climate projections lack adequate spatial and temporal resolution due to computational constraints. A consequence is inaccurate and imprecise predictions of critical processes such as storms. Hybrid methods that combine physics with machine learning (ML) have introduced a new generation of higher fidelity climate simulators that can sidestep Moore’s Law by outsourcing compute-hungry, short, high-resolution simulations to ML emulators. However, this hybrid ML-physics simulation approach requires domain-specific treatment and has been inaccessible to ML experts because of lack of training data and relevant, easy-to-use workflows. We present ClimSim, the largest-ever dataset designed for hybrid ML-physics research. It comprises multi-scale climate simulations, developed by a consortium of climate scientists and ML researchers. It consists of 5.7 billion pairs of multivariate input and output vectors that isolate the influence of locally-nested, high-resolution, high-fidelity physics on a host climate simulator’s macro-scale physical state. The dataset is global in coverage, spans multiple years at high sampling frequency, and is designed such that resulting emulators are compatible with downstream coupling into operational climate simulators. We implement a range of deterministic and stochastic regression baselines to highlight the ML challenges and their scoring. The data (https://huggingface.co/datasets/LEAP/ClimSim_high-res) and code (https://leap-stc.github.io/ClimSim) are released openly to support the development of hybrid ML-physics and high-fidelity climate simulations for the benefit of science and society.   

In the benchmark category :

DecodingTrust: A Comprehensive Assessment of Trustworthiness in GPT Models

Authors: Boxin Wang · Weixin Chen · Hengzhi Pei · Chulin Xie · Mintong Kang · Chenhui Zhang · Chejian Xu · Zidi Xiong · Ritik Dutta · Rylan Schaeffer · Sang Truong · Simran Arora · Mantas Mazeika · Dan Hendrycks · Zinan Lin · Yu Cheng · Sanmi Koyejo · Dawn Song · Bo Li

Poster session 1: Tue 12 Dec 10:45 a.m. — 12:45 p.m. CST, #1618  

Oral: Tue 12 Dec 10:30 a.m. — 10:45 a.m. CST, Ballroom A-C (Level 2)

Abstract: Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models have exhibited exciting progress in capabilities, capturing the interest of practitioners and the public alike. Yet, while the literature on the trustworthiness of GPT models remains limited, practitioners have proposed employing capable GPT models for sensitive applications to healthcare and finance – where mistakes can be costly. To this end, this work proposes a comprehensive trustworthiness evaluation for large language models with a focus on GPT-4 and GPT-3.5, considering diverse perspectives – including toxicity, stereotype bias, adversarial robustness, out-of-distribution robustness, robustness on adversarial demonstrations, privacy, machine ethics, and fairness. Based on our evaluations, we discover previously unpublished vulnerabilities to trustworthiness threats. For instance, we find that GPT models can be easily misled to generate toxic and biased outputs and leak private information in both training data and conversation history. We also find that although GPT-4 is usually more trustworthy than GPT-3.5 on standard benchmarks, GPT-4 is more vulnerable given jailbreaking system or user prompts, potentially due to the reason that GPT-4 follows the (misleading) instructions more precisely. Our work illustrates a comprehensive trustworthiness evaluation of GPT models and sheds light on the trustworthiness gaps. Our benchmark is publicly available at https://decodingtrust.github.io/.

Test of Time

This year, following the usual practice, we chose a NeurIPS paper from 10 years ago to receive the Test of Time Award, and “ Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality ” by Tomas Mikolov, Ilya Sutskever, Kai Chen, Greg Corrado, and Jeffrey Dean, won. 

Published at NeurIPS 2013 and cited over 40,000 times, the work introduced the seminal word embedding technique word2vec. Demonstrating the power of learning from large amounts of unstructured text, the work catalyzed progress that marked the beginning of a new era in natural language processing.

Greg Corrado and Jeffrey Dean will be giving a talk about this work and related research on Tuesday, 12 Dec at 3:05 – 3:25 pm CST in Hall F.  

Related Posts

2023 Conference

Announcing NeurIPS 2023 Invited Talks

Reflections on the neurips 2023 ethics review process, neurips newsletter – november 2023.

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2024 AMA Winter Academic Conference: Call for Papers

Deadline: Friday, August 11, 2023

Deadline Extended: Friday, August 25, 2023

Call for Papers Is Now Closed

Unlocking Our Potential

February 23-25, 2024 | St. Pete’s Beach, FL

As marketers, we have only just begun to embrace our potential. Our conference theme casts a wide lens on the many ways we, as marketing academics, can unlock our collective potential to be more impactful, more inclusive, appreciate diversity in thoughts and ideas, conduct research with a broader societal focus and embrace innovative methodological approaches to research. As we continue to explore newer topics (e.g., social media) and tools (e.g., machine learning) to address emerging challenges, a lot of work remains across domains that can benefit from our attention.

Initiatives undertaken by our AMA journals and associations over the past decade have started to shift mindsets and encourage researchers to expand their topical and methodological boundaries. These initiatives include:

• The AMA-EBSCO-RRBM Annual Award for Responsible Research in Marketing
• Journal of Marketing and Public Policy’s  Strategic Vision for Rigor, Relevance, and Inclusivity
• Journal of Marketing’s  Better Marketing for a Better World initiative
• Journal of Marketing Research’s  issue on Mitigation in Marketing

Yet we have just scratched the surface of our potential as market researchers.

Mark your calendar and plan to attend the 2024 AMA Winter Academic Conference in St. Pete’s Beach, FL, which will demonstrate how we, as global, diverse, innovative market researchers, craft value for firms and consumers through our research on consumption, market spaces, and firm practices to effect positive change within the marketplace, the wider society and within our academy.  The event will be hosted at the newly renovated Tradewinds Resort Center.

Conference Co-Chairs

Samantha N. N. Cross

Iowa State University

Georgia State University

Conference Tracks

Beth Fossen, Indiana University Meng-Hsien (Jenny) Lin, California State University, Monterey Bay

The Advertising, Promotion and IMC Track welcomes research on any aspect related to the promotions element of the marketing mix. This may include, but is not limited to, the design and effects of communication strategies, innovative communications, inclusive and accessible communication strategies, and/or socially responsible communications. Any innovative and rigorous methodological approach is welcome.

Manpreet Gill, University of South Carolina Madhu Viswanathan, Indian School of Business

The B2B and Relationship Marketing Track seeks original submissions on work that recasts traditional areas like B2B dyads, sales, customer experience, interfirm relationships and governance to the changing dynamics facing B2B firms today. Keeping the conference theme in mind, we invite manuscripts and special sessions on diverse topics and methodological approaches. Some suggestive topics for this track are provided below: • Digital, ML and/or AI in B2B markets (managing and/or engaging customers and value chains) • Sustainability and Marketing agility in B2B markets • Customer analytics, engagement and value in B2B • Governance, interfirm relationships and competition in a digital world • B2B and relationship marketing in the post pandemic period

Vamsi Kanuri, University of Notre Dame Koray Cosguner, Indiana University

The Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Machine Learning Insights track is designed for academics and practitioners interested in the latest developments, trends, and insights in the fields of big data, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. This track covers a wide range of topics related to data analysis, predictive modeling, natural language processing, computer vision, computing and other AI/ML applications.

Topics of interest for this track include, but are not limited to:

• Ethics and social impact of AI/ML
• Data mining and knowledge discovery
• Big data analytics and visualization
• Solutions to manage, store, and analyze big data
• Solutions to parallel process big data
• Natural language processing and text mining
• Image, audio, and video analysis
• AI-powered analytics and recommender systems to improve marketing outcomes
• Deep learning and neural networks
• Reinforcement, unsupervised, transfer, and Bayesian learning
• Cloud computing and distributed computing
• Data privacy and security

Participants in this track will have the opportunity to present their research findings, share their practical experiences, and network with other academics with shared interests. We welcome submissions of original research papers and posters related to the topics of this track.

We look forward to receiving your submissions and seeing you at the conference!

Gina E. Slejko, Colorado State University Meng Zhu, John Hopkins University Alixandra Barasch, University of Colorado, Boulder

This track showcases the latest and greatest consumer research from a variety of perspectives and approaches.

Akon Ekpo, Loyola University Chicago Cristina Galalae, University of Leicester

Consumer Culture Theory (CCT) research has always had inherent links to the understanding of consumer well-being (CWB). With its focus on the dynamic relationships between consumer actions, marketplace systems, and cultural meanings, CCT has provided insight into consumption and consumers — particularly, the implications of such relationships on consumer quality of life. The link between CCT and CWB has illuminated the contextual, symbolic, and experiential aspects of what it means to be a consumer; unlocking novel theories through interpretive, critical, emancipatory, and transformative frameworks.

We seek to further honor this dialog by seeking research that expands the horizons of theory and context to understand consumption culture in all its manifestations, and unlocking new supports for the well-being of consumers, societies, and communities around the globe. We welcome original submissions of papers and posters that utilize qualitative and/or quantitative methodologies, as well as conceptual and review papers that build upon previous research and unlock innovative perspectives on the fields of Consumer Culture Theory and Consumer Well-Being.

Mantian (Mandy) Hu, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Colin Campbell, University of San Diego

The Digital and Social Media Marketing Track invites paper that builds novel understanding of online and social marketing, regardless of methodology. We are especially interested in papers that explore emerging phenomena such as AI and machine-learning based marketing, blockchain based social media platforms, social commerce such as live shopping, influencer marketing, and creative effectiveness.

Ahmet Kirca, Michigan State University Annie Cui, West Virginia University

Echoing the conference theme of “unlocking our potentials,” this track invites papers that address all issues and activities relevant to international marketing that broadens our horizon and makes a global impact. Topics addressing international marketing strategy or its individual elements, cross-cultural/national aspects of marketing or buyer behavior, global branding, and international marketing in the post-pandemic world are particularly welcome. Other topics of interest include AI-technology and its application in international marketing, global retailing, counterfeiting and its influence on global brands, global supply chain challenges, brand activism in the global marketplace, and innovation in emerging markets. Both conceptual and empirical works, as well as qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method research approaches are welcome. • Brand origin/ Country-of-origin • Culture • Emerging markets • Exporting, global distribution • Global branding • Global consumer culture • International advertising • International pricing • International digital marketing • International services • International relationship marketing • Technology and international marketing

Hui (Sophia) Feng, Iowa State University Amalesh Sharma, Texas A&M University

The Marketing Strategy track invites papers that generate strategic insights into how marketing (in terms of strategies, practices, tactics, investments, assets, human capital, etc.) enables organizations to consider a 360-degree overview of organizational actions that create value, allow interaction across multiple stakeholders, ensure excellent customer services, and enhance societal contributions. Consistent with the conference theme, we encourage submissions that examine marketing strategy that can unlock a firm’s potential to create values across various stakeholders, considering changes in the global economy and uncertainty around implementing conventional strategies. In addition, we welcome conceptual and empirical submissions with diverse approaches that offer new perspectives and insights into the marketing strategy. Special consideration will be given to research that touches on issues related to societal impact of marketing, sustainability and responsible strategies, innovations in services catering to low income and resource poor organizations, impact of technology and innovation on the buyer’s journey, or customer engagement.

SP Raj, Syracuse University Gerard Athaide, Loyola University Maryland

This track welcomes papers centered on all aspects of product and brand management. Given the emphasis of the conference on “unlocking our potential,” special consideration will be given to papers that develop new conceptual frameworks or utilize novel methodological approaches to extend current understanding on any aspect of product and brand management (e.g., product development, brand building, brand communication). Of particular import in today’s “digital economy” is the role of newer digital technologies in creating differentiation opportunities related to product and brand management. These technologies can facilitate product innovation (e.g., crowdsourcing ideas online) and foster brand engagement (e.g., digital media). Further, technology enabled product and brand strategies have played a key role in helping firms unlock value in emerging economies and are also very relevant.

Aditya Gupta, Texas State University Ashley Goreczny, Iowa State University Carlos Bauer, University of Alabama

The Sales Management and Organizational Frontline Research track focuses on boundary spanners at the point-of-contact between an organization and its customers that promote, facilitate, or enable value creation and exchange. Interactions at the boundary interface are often mediated by salespeople or other frontline employees, and technology (or a combination of those). The track welcomes research on any aspects of sales, sales management, services, and frontline search, including strategy, incentive and compensation, sales leadership, sales operations, personal selling, sales force motivation and effectiveness, buyer-seller relationships, technology, etc. covering B2C, B2B, and B2G relationships. All sales and frontline research topics and methodologies are welcomed. Additionally, research that follows the conference theme of “unlocking our potential” is particularly encouraged.

Some potential topic areas follow.

Unlocking the potential of…

• The use of technology and AI (social media, CRM, sales enablement, etc.).
• Sales enablement and the role of sales technologies.
• Relationship marketing/relational selling.
• Sales manager leadership (behaviors, styles, mentoring, etc.).
• Salesforce organization/structure.
• Salesperson motivation (including compensation, supervisors’ behaviors, etc.).
• Intra-organizational relationships and functional interfaces at the intra-organizational level (e.g., sales-service interface, sales-marketing interface, frontline interactions)
• Methodological advances in sales force, and frontline research.
• Psychological issues in selling, sales management, and frontline interactions.
• Issues at the intersection of frontline interactions.
• Impact of technological advances on frontline interactions.
• Ethical issues in sales.
• Incentive and compensation design.
• Salespersons’ health and wealth being.

Chen Zhou, University of South Carolina Huanhuan Shi, Texas A&M University

The Services, Retailing, and Sports track welcomes academics and practitioners interested in the developments, trends, and latest insights in the fields of services, retailing, sports and/or their intersections. This track covers a wide range of topics related to these areas. Topics of interest for this track include, but are not limited to: • Emerging challenges and opportunities in services management, retailing, and sports management. • Challenges and opportunities of digital transformation in services, retailing, and sports. • Innovations in services, retailing, or sports to better understand customers’ needs, preferences, and behaviors, and to better satisfy customers. • The use of artificial intelligence, chatbots, and other digital technologies to enhance customer experience and customer engagement • Services design, co-creation, and innovation • Evolution of service ecosystem • Personalized and/or interactive shopping experience • Integration of multiple channels and omnichannel selling • Applications of new technologies including mobile payments, livestreaming, augmented reality, and other technologies in services, retailing, or sports. • Sports fan engagement and the emergence of electronic sports Participants in this track will have the opportunity to present their research findings, share their practical experiences, and network with other academics and practitioners with shared interests. We welcome submissions of original research papers, proposals, and posters related to the theme of this track.

Gergana Nenkov, Boston College Lez Trujillo-Torres, University of Illinois, Chicago Justin Huang, University of Michigan

With environmental and social issues becoming an increasing priority among consumers, managers, regulators, and investors, implementing business practices that promote sustainability and social justice is not only a moral imperative, but also a strategic necessity for firms. This track invites research on how firms’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) initiatives impact and are impacted by firm stakeholders including consumers, employees, investors, and society at large. Potential topics include, but are not limited to: regulation, sustainable development; circular economy, green consumption, promotion of positive business practices in developing economies, impacts of ESG policy changes such as carbon taxes or reporting requirements, degrowth, algorithmic bias in firm decision making, impact of social, racial, and environmental justice on society, education, health, and economic development. We welcome research using a wide range of methods and techniques from a variety of fields.

Submission Types

Submission Template – Competitive Papers

Manuscripts addressing substantive or theoretical topics are sought for competitive paper sessions.

It is  mandatory  that at least one author of all accepted papers register for, and present the paper at, the conference. Submission of the same (or substantially overlapping) manuscript(s) to multiple themes is not permitted. As a reminder, papers are reviewed following a double-anonymized process; reviewers will not know who authored the papers, nor will authors know the names of their reviewers.

Format and Style for Competitive Papers:

Prepare and submit electronic documents in PDF format.  Please include 1) Title, 2) Extended Abstract (175 word limit), 3) Key Contributions to academe and practitioners (300 words) 4) Main text (up to 3,600 words), 5) Table or Figure (optional) and 6) Selected references. Authors have the option of including one table summarizing results and/or one figure (these do not count against the word limit). References also do not count against the word limit.

[Please note that submissions with text longer than 4,100 words will not be reviewed].

To assure an anonymous review, authors must avoid revealing their identities in the body or reference section of the paper. Authors should do the following:

• Do not save the file with author-identifying information in the file name.
• Do not include a front page with author-identifying information.
• Remove the author identifying information from the document’s file properties.

Confirmation that your paper was submitted successfully will be sent via email to the submitter.

Authors of accepted competitive papers have the option of publishing either an extended abstract or a full paper in the conference proceedings.  Choosing to publish an Extended Abstract gives authors the option to submit the paper elsewhere for publication after the conference.

Submission Template – Poster Presentation

Poster sessions provide an opportunity to share research in the working stage, i.e., with at least part of the data having been collected and analyzed, but not necessarily ready for submission to a journal. They are presented as part of poster sessions. Poster sessions can be particularly useful for getting input at intermediate stages of a research project. All poster abstract submissions must be directed to only one track.

By submitting a poster abstract, the author affirms that he/she will register for and appear at the conference to participate in the poster session.

Format and Submission Process for Posters:

Prepare and submit electronic documents in PDF format. Please include 1) Title, 2) Key Contributions to academe and practitioners (300 words), 3) Extended Abstract (1,000 word limit), 4) Table or Figure (optional) and 5) Selected references. Authors have the option of including one table summarizing results and/or one figure (these do not count against the word limit). References also do not count against the word limit.

Please note that submissions with text longer than 1,300 words will not be reviewed].

• Remove the author identifying information from the document’s file properties

Confirmation that your abstract was submitted successfully will be sent via email to the submitter.

Accepted poster authors must agree to prepare a poster for display during the session and be available to discuss your research and answer questions at the invited poster session.

Submission Template – Special Session

Anyone may organize and propose a special session, although those who are unfamiliar with AMA conference special sessions are encouraged to discuss their ideas with the conference co-chairs or track chairs for developmental feedback before submitting a proposal. Special sessions provide a good vehicle to acquaint marketing academics with new perspectives, theories, and provocative ideas, to bring diverse participants together around a common theme, or to integrate academically-minded practitioners into the conference. Sessions involving participants from multiple countries, focusing on theory development or cutting-edge research directions, and offering insights regarding academic-business partnerships for teaching or research are particularly encouraged.

Special sessions should feature three or four presentations on a related theme. Another possibility is an interactive panel discussion among 4-6 panelists and a moderator. Other creative special session formats are encouraged, particularly those that generate attendee interaction.

All special session proposal submissions must be directed to only one track. Proposals for special sessions should describe the topic and its importance to marketing, summarize the issues to be covered, and identify all individuals (with their qualifications) who will formally participate. Special session proposals should provide specificity regarding the purpose, format, participants, and roles in the session. AMA Academic Special Interest Groups (SIGs) may propose special sessions to the SIG Programming track.

Selection criteria include the general quality of the proposal, the level of interest the session is likely to generate at the conference, and the session’s relevance to the conference theme.

By submitting a special session proposal, the organizer and listed participants affirm that, if accepted, all will register for and appear at the Conference as described in the proposal. 

Format and Submission Process for Special Sessions:

Prepare and submit an extended abstract in Microsoft Word format.  Special session proposals must include the title of the session and an extended abstract of 3,600 words maximum. The proposal should describe the objective of the session, its structure and general orientation, likely audience, key issues, and topics to be covered, as well as a description of why the session is likely to make an important contribution to the discipline. Also, include a brief description of each paper in the session.

The text of the special session proposal must not exceed 3,600 words and should be submitted in the double-spaced format, prepared in 12-point font.

Due to the unique nature of special sessions, presenter names and information should be included in the proposal and will be noted as a part of the review process.

Confirmation that your proposal was submitted successfully will be sent via email to the submitter. Special session participants are all expected to register for the conference.

How Do I Submit My Paper?

All submissions should be made electronically via the AMA’s online submission management system (Ex Ordo). If you have submitted to an AMA academic conference in the last year, you should be able to use the same username and password. The deadline for submission was August 25, 2023.

Important Dates

• Call for Papers Due: Friday, August 25, 2023
• Accept/Reject Notifications Sent: Late November
• Event Early-Bird Registration: January 23, 2024

Code of Ethics

Authors submitting papers to American Marketing Association academic conferences must adhere to the following code of ethics:

• Submission of the same (or substantially overlapping) manuscript, special session proposal, or working paper abstract to multiple themes is not permitted.
• Submitting authors should specify who will present papers being considered for Special Sessions or Competitive Paper presentations. An author can be listed as a presenter for no more than two submissions but can be listed as the co-author of multiple submissions. This restriction is to encourage authors to submit their best work and to allow a wider range of presenters.
• Submissions should not already be published in any journal or publication (including online journals, books, and book chapters). Submitting authors should monitor this issue carefully.
• Competitive Paper and Poster submissions should not include content that has been presented at earlier AMA conferences.

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• OMRON SINIC X Research Paper Accepted for CHI 2024, the premier international conference of Human-Computer Interaction

OMRON SINIC X Research Paper Accepted for CHI 2024, the premier international conference of Human-Computer Interaction -->

• April 05, 2024

OMRON SINIC X Corporation (Headquarters: Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo; President and CEO: Masaki Suwa; hereinafter referred to as "OSX") is pleased to announce that a research paper by Principal Investigator Shigeo Yoshida, among others, has been accepted for the ACM (Association of Computing Machinery) CHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2024).

CHI is the premier international conference of Human-Computer Interaction. A total of 1,060 papers(About 26%) were accepted out of 4,028 submissions in 2024. The conference takes place in Honolulu, at the Hawaiʻi Convention Center on the island of Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi, USA from 11-16 May 2024. A paper accepted for CHI 2024 presents a new embodied system concept, Swarm Body:　embodied swarm robots, a group of robots collectively acting as a human body part.

■Paper accepted for CHI 2024

※Affiliation at the time of submission

For a list of OSX's publications, please visit https://www.omron.com/jp/ja/technology/publications/?affiliation=%5B%22OSX%22%5D

About OMRON SINIC X Corporation OMRON SINIC X Corporation is a strategic subsidiary seeking to realize the "near future designs" that OMRON forecasts. It is comprised of researchers with cutting-edge knowledge and experience across a wide range of technological domains, including AI, Robotics, IoT, and sensing. With the aim of addressing social issues, OSX integrates innovative technologies with business models and strategies in technology and IP to create near-future designs. Additionally, the company accelerates the creation of these designs through collaborative research with universities and external research institutions. For more details, please refer to https://www.omron.com/sinicx/en/

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