definition of presentation in obg

The term presentation describes the leading part of the fetus or the anatomical structure closest to the maternal pelvic inlet during labor. The presentation can roughly be divided into the following classifications: cephalic, breech, shoulder, and compound. Cephalic presentation is the most common and can be further subclassified as vertex, sinciput, brow, face, and chin. The most common ...

Presentation of twins in Der Rosengarten ("The Rose Garden"), a standard medical text for midwives published in 1513. In obstetrics, the presentation of a fetus about to be born specifies which anatomical part of the fetus is leading, that is, is closest to the pelvic inlet of the birth canal. According to the leading part, this is identified as a cephalic, breech, or shoulder presentation.

Lie. Facing the patient's head, place hands on either side of the top of the uterus and gently apply pressure. Move the hands and palpate down the abdomen. One side will feel fuller and firmer - this is the back. Fetal limbs may be palpable on the opposing side. Fig 2 - Assessing fetal lie and presentation.

Toward the end of pregnancy, the fetus moves into position for delivery. Normally, the presentation is vertex (head first), and the position is occiput anterior (facing toward the pregnant patient's spine) with the face and body angled to one side and the neck flexed. Abnormal presentations include face, brow, breech, and shoulder.

Lie - the relationship between the long axis of the fetus and the mother. Presentation - the fetal part that first enters the maternal pelvis. Position - the position of the fetal head as it exits the birth canal. Other positions include occipito-posterior and occipito-transverse. Note: Breech presentation is the most common ...

The vast majority of fetuses at term are in cephalic presentation. Approximately 5 percent of these fetuses are in a cephalic malpresentation, such as occiput posterior or transverse, face ( figure 1A-B ), or brow ( figure 2) [ 1 ]. Diagnosis and management of face and brow presentations will be reviewed here.

Cephalic presentations are subclassified according to the relationship between the head and body of the fetus ().Ordinarily, the head is flexed sharply so that the chin contacts the thorax. The occipital fontanel is the presenting part, and this presentation is referred to as a vertex or occiput presentation.Much less often, the fetal neck may be sharply extended so that the occiput and back ...

Overview. Presentation in Obstetrics refers to the relationship between the leading fetal part and the pelvic inlet: cephalic, breech, or shoulder presentation. A malpresentation is an abnormal (non-vertex) presentation.. Types of Presentations. Thus the various presentations are: Cephalic (Head first): Vertex—commonest and associated with least complications

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Definition. A presentation is compound when there is prolapse of one or more of the limbs along with the head or the breech, both entering the pelvis at the same time. Footling breech or shoulder presentations are not included in this group. Associated prolapse of the umbilical cord occurs in 15 to 20 percent of cases.

A malpresentation is diagnosed when any part of the baby is presenting to the maternal pelvis other than the vertex of the fetal head. A malposition is diagnosed when the fetal head is in any position other than occipito-anterior (OA) flexed vertex. Both malpresentation and malposition are associated with prolonged or obstructed labour, fetal and maternal morbidity, and potential mortality, if ...

Compound presentation is a fetal presentation in which an extremity presents alongside the part of the fetus closest to the birth canal. The majority of compound presentations consist of a fetal hand or arm presenting with the head [ 1 ]. This topic will review the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of this ...

Compound presentation means that a fetal hand is coming out with the fetal head. This is a problem because: The amount of baby that must come through the birth canal at one time is increased. There is increased risk of mechanical injury to the arm and shoulder, including fractures, nerve injuries and soft tissue injury.

for the gestational age, gestational diabetes, deflected head presentation and breech presentation; and premature childbirth. The level of obstetrical risk is reassessed before the start of delivery. In a pregnant woman in good health, the progress of delivery may be considered normal as long as there are no complications.

Methods An obstetrics and gynaecology registrar led an interactive teaching and simulation session using multiple low-fidelity models to teach the process of labour, episiotomies, caesarean sections, common obstetric emergencies, and when to escalate care and intervene. Pre- and postsimulation surveys were administered to assess change in ...

n. Cephalic delivery — in normal circumstances, presentation of the head first. o. Cervix — neck of the uterus; "mouth of the womb" which dilates and effaces during labor (dilates to 10 centimeters to accommodate the head of the baby passing through the cervix during the birth process). p.

Abnormal presentation and position are encountered infrequently during labor. Breech and transverse presentations should be converted to cephalic presentations by external cephalic version or delivered by cesarean section. Face, brow, and compound presentations are usually managed expectantly. Persistent occiput transverse positions are managed by rotation to anterior positions and delivered ...

Fetal position reflects the orientation of the fetal head or butt within the birth canal. The bones of the fetal scalp are soft and meet at "suture lines." Over the forehead, where the bones meet, is a gap, called the "anterior fontanel," or "soft spot." This will close as the baby grows during the 1st year of life, but at birth, it is open.

By definition, engagement has taken place when the widest diameter of the presenting part has passed through the inlet. In cephalic presentations, this diameter is the biparietal, between the parietal bosses. In breech presentation, it is the intertrochanteric. + +

Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data. A cord presentation (also known as a funic presentation or obligate cord presentation) is a variation in the fetal presentation where the umbilical cord points towards the internal cervical os or lower uterine segment. It may be a transient phenomenon and is usually considered insignificant until ~32 ...

Stillbirth is a devastating adverse pregnancy outcome, occurring in 1 out of 160 deliveries in the United States. It is often associated with non-modifiable, but common, risk factors such as race and pre-existing co-morbidities. Even after thorough evaluation, often the underlying cause remains unknown.

The reVITALize obstetric data definitions are formally endorsed by the following organizations: To add your organization to this list, please contact [email protected]. Labor in a woman who has had one or more previous cesarean births. Planned labor after cesarean occurs in a woman intending to achieve a vaginal birth.

Respiration. Fig 8.2 The five Apgar criteria, skin color, heart rate, reflex, muscle tone, and respiration, are assessed and each criterion is assigned a score of 0, 1, or 2. Scores are taken at 1 minute after birth and again at 5 minutes after birth. Each time scores are taken, the five scores are added together.

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