home ec assignments 2024

Home Economics Predictions for Leaving Cert 2024 (Higher Level)

Remember that these are a series of educated guesses and not to take too many risks.

The Leaving Cert Home Ec course is quite broad, so it can be difficult to give a huge amount of time to all topics. I would definitely recommend covering all topics at some stage during 6th year. As you get closer to June, decide what your preferred long questions are (mine were Q2 and Q5) and start to focus in on them. Home Ec is a multi-disciplinary subject, so work smart by linking questions and topics together to save time. For example, if you do Biology, maybe consider studying the 5 kingdoms chapter well in biology so that you are covered for Q3 in Home Ec if microbiology comes up. To add to that, just because something is predicted to come up in one of the optional questions, does not mean that it will not make an appearance in one of the core questions!

You may also like our guide to Leaving Cert Home Economics .

Course Breakdown

Core Area 1: Food Studies

Core Area 2: Resource Management and Consumer Studies

Core Area 3: Social Studies

Elective 1: Home Design and Management

Elective 2: Textiles, Fashion and Design

Elective 3: Social Studies

All students must study the three core areas and then you pick an elective to study (your teacher will make this choice for you)

Traditional Exam Breakdown

The final exam is marked out of 320 marks (or 280 marks for those candidates taking the Textiles, Fashion and Design Elective). The exam lasts 2.5 hours and is broken into three sections.

Section A: Short Questions (60 marks) – answer 10 out of 12 questions. These questions are based on the core area 1 and 2. Food studies make up a huge part of this section

Section B: Long Questions (180 marks) – answer 3 out 5 questions. Question 1 is compulsory, based on food studies and worth 80 marks. Pick two questions out of question 2, 3, 4 and 5.

Section C: The Elective (80 marks/40 marks) – Elective 1 and 3 are worth 80 marks. Elective 2 is worth 40 marks as there is a project component

Home Economics Predictions 2024

Section B Q1

• Current patterns in the Irish diet
• Recent studies on food choice/food habits
• Fibre/Bowel Disorders
• Carbohydrates
• Minerals (calcium and iron)

Section B Q2

• Food commodities such as meat and dairy
• Production of food
• Nutritional value of food
• Functional/fortified foods

Section B Q3

• Food preservation
• Micro-organisms and food spoilage
• Aesthetic awareness/sensory analysis
• Irish food agencies and food legislation
• Methods of cooking food

Section B Q4

• Cost of living and home management
• Money studies – saving, budgeting, borrowing
• Household appliances
• Consumer behaviour

Section B Q5

• Sociological terms
• Functions of family
• Rights and responsibilities of family members
• Family as a caring unit
• Conflict and conflict resolution

Section C Elective Q3

• Education (all education levels, returning to education, accessibility, changes occuring in Junior Cycle and Leaving cert)
• Work (flexibility in working hours, job-sharing, part-time work, work from home options)

Track record

Home economics predictions 2023.

• Vitamins (watch out for B12, A and C)
• Dairy – milk, cheese, yoghurt
• Meat – nutritional value, processing, bord bia
• Food poisoning
• Irish food agencies
• Food legislation
• Consumer law (CCPC, CAI etc.)
• Consumer studies – rights and responsibilities
• Saving/budgeting
• Current affairs (e.g., cost of living)
• Marriage breakdown
• Family – structure, functions
• Change in work hours (e.g., job-sharing, part-time work)
• Education (all education levels, returning to education, accessibility)
• Social Change
• Leisure – work/life balance

Home Economics Predictions 2022

Although it’s not possible to “predict” the short questions, by studying the core areas 1 and 2, you’ll have yourself fully covered. The long questions however are much more predictable. The home ec course is so long and broad that it’s very difficult to give a huge amount of time to all topics in the weeks leading up to the exam so predictions can be very helpful. These predictions below are based on the patterns of the exam papers over the last number of years (what’s due to come up, what hasn’t come up before) as well as current affairs (covid-19 pandemic, the economy etc.) Everyone knows that predictions are not guarantees but I would suggest having these topics covered very well as they are very likely to appear.

Best of Luck with your studies and with the exams!

·      Table analysis style question ( very likely that there will be a return to the traditional table analysis after the backlash over the 2021 Q1 )

·      Carbohydrates

·      Fibre

·      Lipids

·      Current dietary guidelines

·      Dairy – milk, cheese, yoghurt

·      Calcium

·      Meat

·      Vitamins (haven’t appeared in a long question since 2019, watch out for fat-soluble vitamins)

·      Meat – nutritional value, processing, bord bia

·      Microbiology

·      Food preservation

·      Food spoilage

·      Sensory Analysis

·      Consumer Studies – environment, rights and responsibilities

·      Housing

·      Mortgages

·      Household finances – savings, budgeting

·      Marriage

·      Marriage breakdown

·      Family – structure, roles, dealing with conflict

·      Family law

·      Making a will

·      Work

·      Unemployment

·      Education

·      Leisure – work/life balance, different types of activities depending on cost, age etc

LC 2024 - Home Economics

Important information in relation to Home Economics, for Leaving Certificate 2024, has been released. The documents have been published on the SEC Website and are available  here

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• Jan 28, 2023

Complete Home Economics: A Guide for Leaving Certificate Students

Updated: Mar 27, 2023

What is the main focus of the Home Economics curriculum for Leaving Cert students?

As a Leaving Certificate student, you may be wondering what Complete Home Economics is and how it relates to your final exams. Complete Home Economics is a subject that covers a range of topics, including nutrition, food science, and textile design and production. This guide will provide you with an overview of the Complete Home Economics course, including the topics covered and how to prepare for your exams.

How does studying Home Economics prepare Leaving Cert students for life after secondary school?

Studying Home Economics can prepare Leaving Cert students for life after secondary school by teaching them important life skills such as budgeting, meal planning, and household management. Additionally, it can also help them to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills that are useful in a variety of career paths.

Understanding the Complete Home Economics Course

The Complete Home Economics course covers a range of topics, including nutrition and health, food science, and textile design and production. Additionally, you'll also learn about the principles of design, color theory, and fabric selection, as well as the use of different techniques and tools for textile production.

Preparing for the Theoretical Exam

To prepare for the theoretical exam , you should focus on understanding the main concepts and principles covered in the course. This includes studying the principles of nutrition and health, as well as understanding the science behind food preparation and preservation. Additionally, you can use past papers and sample exams to practice and familiarize yourself with the format of the exam.

Preparing for the Practical Exam

To prepare for the practical exam, you should focus on developing your skills and techniques in textile design and production. This involves regularly practicing different textile production techniques and using tools, as well as working on projects that demonstrate your understanding of design principles and color theory. Additionally, you should also practice safety precautions when working with textile materials and equipment.

The Complete Home Economics course is an important part of your final exams, and by understanding the course and preparing for both the theoretical and practical exams, you'll be able to achieve the best possible results. Remember to focus on understanding the main concepts and principles, as well as regularly practicing your skills and techniques, and you'll be well on your way to success.

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Home Economics

A long and diverse course, this subject is a lot more than just cooking. 

Don't forget to practice Question 1(a) from Section B where you have to analyze a graph or chart. These type of questions will not appear in your textbook. Don't forget to study all topics in your elective. Part (a) is compulsory so if you cut corners you can get caught out. Students who do Biology and Business will find some overlapping topics which makes things easier. 

Higher Level Course Content:

• Consumer Studies
• Diet & Health
• Elective 1: Energy & Emissions
• Elective 1: Heating, Water, Lighting..
• Elective 1: Housing (Planning, building..)
• Elective 1: Interior Design
• Elective 2: Fabrics
• Elective 2: Patterns & Fashion
• Elective 3: (un)employment & Poverty
• Elective 3: Education in Ireland
• Elective 3: Family Life & Leisure
• Environment
• Food Assignments
• Food Industry & Packaging
• Food Spoilage & Food Safety
• Foods: Meat, Fish, Cereal, Fruit/Veg, Dairy, Eggs
• Household Appliances
• Household Finances
• Marriage & Family Law
• Meal Planning & Preparation
• Nutrition: Carbohydrates
• Nutrition: Lipids
• Nutrition: Protein
• Nutrition: Vitamins and Minerals

Ordinary Level Course Content:

• Elective1: Energy & Emissions
• Elective1: Heating, Water, Lighting..
• Elective1: Interior Design
• Elective1: Irish Housing
• Elective2: Fabrics
• Elective2: Patterns & Fashion
• Elective3: (un)employment & Poverty
• Elective3: Education in Ireland
• Elective3: Family Life & Leisure
• Older Persons

Practical Coursework   - 20%

This is worth 20% of the final mark this is submitted in journal form in sixth year.

Written Exam paper – 80%

The written examination is a two-and-a-half hour exam at both levels and has three sections:

Section A (60 marks)

12 short questions and you're marked on you're best 10.  These deal mainly with all the core areas. 

Section B (180 marks)

5 questions of which you must answer question 1 (Food Science and Nutrition) and any other 2 questions (from the other Core Areas).  

Section C (80 marks)

3 questions of which you must answer one question, an elective question based on your chosen elective.

Future Careers with Leaving Certificate Home Economics

Home Economics is not an essential requirement for any courses in the CAO system but teaches useful cooking skills that will be used by all. Future careers include Fashion, Cookery, Chef, Tourism, Business, Social Work.

Download the Leaving Cert Home Economics Syllabus

Download the Leaving Cert Home Economics Chief Examiner's Report (2017) 

Download the Leaving Cert Home Economics Guidlines for Teachers

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We connect research & education from 70+ countries. IFHE advocates sustainability knowledge at household & consumer level and holds consultative status with the UN.

April 14, 2024

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XXV World Congress 2024 Galway/ Ireland - Second Announcement

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How to homeschool home ec

August 20, 2017 //  by  Kris //   7 Comments

Written by Kris Bales of Weird, Unsocialized Homeschoolers

I ’m getting ready to show my age. Back when I was in junior high (See? The age-showing is happening already because middle school wasn’t even a thing back then), we took our first elective class in 8th grade. Except it wasn’t really an elective.

All the boys took shop and, directly across the hall, all the girls took home ec. (See? More age showing with all that “boys build things/girls cook and sew things” stuff.)

I still remember proudly making biscuits, as I’d learned in home ec, for my dad one weekend.

(He was either being exceptionally kind or I have totally forgotten those 8th grade lessons because I can’t make biscuits worth a flip anymore.)

There is still an embroidered, apple-shaped pillow somewhere, and the latch-hook rug I made for my grandmother still hangs on her bedroom wall, even though she passed away many years ago.

What is home ec?

We’re long past the “boys take shop/girls take home ec” days, but that doesn’t mean we should be past teaching the skills of home economics.

Home economics encompasses all the skills needed to maintain a home such as:

• Preparing healthy meals
• Sewing (at least enough for simple repairs like replacing a button)
• Housekeeping
• Basic household repairs
• Menu planning and grocery shopping
• Budgeting and money management
• Balancing a check book/finances
• Making appointments (Some people hate calling to make a doctor’s appointment, but it’s something we all have to do at some point.)

Basically, what was once called home ec is what most of us now refer to as life skills – and it includes skills that both boys and girls need.

How to Teach Home Ec

So, how do you teach home ec – life skills – in your homeschool?

Teach it as an elective.

I love the cooking course that Jamie does with her kids. A lot of times, it just makes sense to intentionally address some aspect of home ec.

I know a lot of people teach their kids to cook as they go about their normal meal prep times, but that tends to not work well for me.  I find that I just want to get supper on the table.

On the other hand, if I’m purposefully using the time to teach a cooking concept, I start earlier than normal, allowing more time for teaching.

Get Dad involved by asking him to teach basic auto maintenance (changing the oil, airing the tires, changing a flat), lawn care, household repairs, or using the grill.

(Yes, moms can certainly teach those things, too. I just know at my house, my husband handles most of that, and asking him to share his knowledge with the kids is an easy way to get him involved in our homeschool.)

Use school breaks.

I like to use summer break to work on life skills . Schedules are usually more open, allowing time to focus on teaching kids practical skills such as doing laundry, cleaning toilets, or washing dishes.

Summer is also a great time to allow an older sibling to pass on a skill to a younger sibling. For example, an older sibling might teach the younger how to clean the bathroom. Cleaning bathrooms then becomes the younger sibling’s job and the older sibling can learn a new skill  to become his responsibility.

Incorporate the concepts into your daily life.

Many times, it makes sense to incorporate life skills concepts into your daily life, rather than teach them as a separate subject in your homeschool.

Maybe you have your kids sit down with you as you plan the week’s meals and have them suggest a meal for one or two nights. Or you take them to the grocery store with you and they see how you use your list and coupons to stick to your grocery budget.

Recently, my husband had to do some minor electrical work in our home. He called our 17-year-old son in to watch, help, and learn. My son’s BFF and his dad have spent the last year or two restoring a car, learning all kinds of things about auto mechanics as they go.

If you have a high school student, don’t overlook these learning moments. Give them transcript credit for home ec (or life skills) based on the mastery approach. The mastery approach just means that students receive credit for mastering a set of skills, though the “course” may have spanned a few years rather than a single semester or school year.

As an example of the mastery approach, recently a friend was worried that her high school senior still needed credit for a health class. However, after discussing it, she realized that her daughter had already covered all the concepts that a specific health course would have covered.

She’d taken a CPR course. She’d learned some of the skills in their church’s scouting-type group. Some of the lessons had been covered in other courses, such as biology.

It really was pointless for her to take a separate course when she’d already mastered all of the topics in a variety of settings over the course of her high school years. Instead, she was given credit based on her demonstrated mastery of the skills.

Home economics are still valuable lessons for today’s teens – boys and girls. (And feel free to teach your boys and girls shop class topics while you’re at it.) 

What life skills are you working on in your homeschool this year?

What’s Your Homeschool Mom Personality? Take Jamie’s quiz now  and receive a free personality report to help you organize your homeschool based on what your personality type needs most!

Kris Bales is the quirky, Christ-following, painfully honest voice behind Weird, Unsocialized Homeschoolers . She and her husband of over 25 years are parents to two homeschool grads and one high school student. Kris has a pretty serious addiction to sweet tea and Words with Friends. She also seems intent on becoming the crazy cat lady long before she's old and alone.

Reader Interactions

August 21, 2017 at 12:04 pm

Kris, Thanks for this helpful post. I especially appreciated the comment about giving credit for mastery on a high school transcript. That was an encouraging thought. I have 3 and my oldest is 11 so we aren’t there yet, but I see it coming around the corner and am trying to start learning what I will need to do to prepare my kids (and myself) for all that transcript. stuff. So this was really a “breath of fresh air” kind of thought for me to learn that I can give credit for a class even though they are learning life skills little by little over their childhood “lifetime” and not in one semester. But if they’they’ve mastered the content, they KNOW it & can be given credit for it. That is SO encouraging! Thank you!

August 22, 2017 at 8:07 am

Kris, I am about to join you in the age thing. 😉 Middle school wasn’t around either for me and I still struggle with exactly what grades they cover. I agree we need to make sure we teach our kids life skills. It takes time and effort but it is so worth it. <3 Now Biscuits I can make, but squares, hahaha nope! Trade? Jen’s latest post: 9 Signs That You Are In Survival Mode And How to Get Out

August 23, 2017 at 1:51 pm

I love this post! And I like your tip about giving credit when your child has mastery. I always stress about things being ‘official’, but you are so right. Why add a class or book when you’ve already mastered the material? Good advice!

February 26, 2019 at 5:29 pm

You make some great points for expanding home ec to life skills. I also appreciate the approach of giving credit for mastery. When evaluating the chores, I want to see the high schoolers take initiative, especially with the cleanup. If I have to remind and nag, they aren’t really mastering it yet. My older students joined a robotics club where they can plan and design a robot, and build it using a variety of materials and tools, and help write the engineering notebook and market their business idea. Can look at http://www.bestinc.org to see if BEST has a hub and homeschooling robotics team in your area.

June 24, 2019 at 9:56 am

My boys, 15 and 18, got a crash course in cooking, laundry, and housekeeping earlier this year when I broke my ankle. It was pretty much figure it out, or you don’t eat, or have clean clothes for the first couple of weeks. We probably still need a little more work on the housekeeping end. 😉

October 16, 2022 at 8:06 am

Thanks for the list of what Home EC is comprised of. I wasn’t thinking of a couple of those topics and definitely like the idea of adding them.

You write well, and it’s enjoyable to read. I laughed through your first two paragraphs and had to read them to my husband too. 😁

February 23, 2021 at 8:38 am

I was just wondering what happened to all of these life skills classes. Our classes weren’t segregated by gender, so I learned auto mechanics, wood working, and welding in 8th grade, as well as the cooking class, and sewing. I still have the trivet I welded in 8th grade many years ago. I’ve decided since public education has removed these esssential classes, I’m going to start them with my reluctant 14 yr old son. HIs older brother went to Camp Grandpa for the summers to learn basic repair classes and cooking with me. My eldest are amazing at life skills while my youngest is great on the Xbox. Sad and bad parenting on my part. I’m up for this challenge if you have a set curriculum to help follow to make it more legit for him. 🙂 Thank you!

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Home Economics

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Home Economics is an interdisciplinary field of study that comprises three major options: Family and Resource Management; Textiles, Clothing and Fashion; and Food, Nutrition and Health.

Students pursuing this syllabus will develop competencies in an appropriate mix of knowledge, skills and abilities. The syllabus is geared towards helping learners matriculate to higher learning, sustain lifelong learning, integrate readily and attain employment in industry in a wide variety of careers in Family Support Services, Health Sector Food and Hospitality industries, Fashion and Interior Design.

This field of study incorporates competencies and experiences which are responsive to the Caribbean context of vulnerability to natural disasters, food insecurity, and instability in family life and lifestyle diseases. Additionally, the availability of a variety of materials which can be transformed into products that contribute to economic growth and sustainability underscores the need for this syllabus.

Home Economics is offered for examination as three options:

Family and Resource Management

Textiles, clothing and fashion, food, nutrition and health.

Each option is organised in seven sections and provides articulation into tertiary level education programmes, which allow students to acquire skills for advanced learning and for industry and business.

• Mark Scheme HE 3H
• Plan Sheet HE 5
• Record of Marks HE1A (Revised Jan 2024)
• Record of Marks HE1B (Revised Jan 2024)
• Mark Scheme HE 3C
• Memo – Mark Scheme Change
• Assignment 1 – Mark Scheme
• Assignment 2 – Mark Scheme (Revised November 2017)
• Assignment 2 – Mark Scheme (Revised March 2016)
• Assignment 3 – Mark Scheme
• Record of Marks – Examiner Report (Revised Jan 2024)
• Practical Assignments 1, 2, and 3 – Record of Marks (Revised Jan 2024)

Syllabus, Specimen Paper, Mark Scheme, Subject Reports

Past Papers

NOTE : The SBA for the Home Economics cluster will be returning to the use of three (3) assignments instead of two (2) which were used in 2020-23.

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• STE(A)M in Junior Cycle
• Departmental Planning
• Learning Outcomes in Action
• Planning Resources
• room Assessment
• Home Economics

The most significant change in the new Junior Cycle is in the area of assessment. There is a substantial body of research evidence to show that educational outcomes for students can be improved by broadening the approach to assessment. There is also a recognition that no single assessment event can provide evidence of the full range of student achievement. All assessment in junior cycle, formative or summative, moment-in-time or ongoing, SEC, NCCA or teacher-designed, should have as its primary purpose, the support of student learning.   A dual approach to assessment, involving classroom-based assessment across the three years and a final externally-assessed, state-certified examination can enable the appropriate balance between preparing students for examinations and also facilitating creative thinking, engaged learning and better outcomes for students. This approach will recognise and value the different types of learning that take place in schools and will allow for a more rounded assessment of the educational achievements of each young person.

Ongoing Formative Assessment arrow_drop_down

Ongoing formative assessment classroom practices support student learning and better student outcomes. ongoing assessment may include assessment points that, while used for summative purposes, are also used formatively. formative feedback is given, and time is planned and allotted for student reflection on assessment and their next steps in learning. digital learning technologies (dlt) can also be useful formative assessment tools. here are some examples of dlts used as formative assessment tools. .

Classroom-Based Assessment 1: Creative Textiles arrow_drop_down

A project-based creative textiles classroom-based assessment will provide students with the opportunity to actively engage in a practical and creative way with the design brief process. they are asked to apply the design brief process to make/recycle a textile item for the individual or the home giving due regard to basic human needs, consumer trends, ecological issues, and technology. the knowledge, understanding, skills and values inherent in cba 1 are developed and fostered incrementally from first year so that by the time students reach the point of engagement with cba 1, they are ready to develop their learning further through the learning and assessment process of the cba. more resources in cpd workshops (elective workshops).

Classroom-Based Assessment 2: Food Literacy Skills Brief arrow_drop_down

The food literacy skills brief classroom-based assessment offers students the opportunity to demonstrate their culinary and creative food literacy skills and nutritional knowledge in the researching, analysing, and planning of a food literacy skills brief for everyday living. classroom-based assessment 2 is directly linked to the practical food skills examination. it is based on a food literacy skills brief selected from a list of briefs issued annually by the state examinations commission (sec). the knowledge, understanding skills and values inherent in cba 2 are developed and fostered incrementally from first year so that by the time students reach the point of engagement with cba 2, they are ready to develop their learning further through the learning and assessment process of the cba. more resources in cpd workshops (elective workshops).

Features of Quality: Classroom-Based Assessments arrow_drop_down

The features of quality support student and teacher judgement of the classroom-based assessments and are the criteria that will be used by teachers to assess the pieces of student work. the features of quality are found in the home economics ‘guidelines for the classroom-based assessments, january 2019’. (available from  ncca.ie ).

Practical Food Skills Examination arrow_drop_down

The final examination consists of a practical food skills examination and a written examination. the practical and written examinations will be set and marked by the state examinations commission (sec), and they are each allocated 50% of the marks available from the sec. for the practical food skills examination, students are required to demonstrate the application of nutritional knowledge and practical culinary skills in the execution of one of the briefs issued by the state examinations commission (sec). the practical food skills examination is of one hour and thirty minutes' duration with an additional thirty minutes of preparation time prior to the commencement of the timed examinati on..

Written Examination arrow_drop_down

The final examination consists of a practical food skills examination and a written examination. the practical and written examinations will be set and marked by the state examinations commission (sec), and they are each allocated 50% of the marks available from the sec. students will sit a written examination of one and a half hour’s duration at the end of third year. in any year, the learning outcomes to be assessed will constitute a sample of the relevant outcomes from the tables of learning outcomes. the final examination will be set and marked by the state examinations commission (sec)..

Reporting arrow_drop_down

The classroom-based assessment results are reported as part of the school's ongoing reporting procedures and through the junior cycle profile of achievement (jcpa). for more information on reporting, see the national council for curriculum and assessment’s (ncca) reporting guidelines and ongoing reporting booklets..

SLAR Resources arrow_drop_down

International Federation for Home Economics

23 - 28 june 2024   | galway,  ireland, st. angela's college.

Dear Colleagues,

It gives us great pleasure to announce the XXV World Congress of the International Federation for Home Economics (IFHE) hosted by the National Centre of Excellence for Home Economics, St Angela’s College, Ireland. The Congress will take place from the 23rd – 28th June, 2024 in Galway, Ireland and is being held under the auspices of the International Federation for Home Economics (IFHE) www.ifhe.org

IFHE (est. 1908) is a politically independent and secular international, non-profit organisation which holds consultative status with the United Nations. It is the only international organisation for Home Economics and related fields. The Federation connects individuals and organisations from over 70 countries and multiple disciplines.

The Congress is hosted by National Centre of Excellence for Home Economics (NCHE), St Angela’s College, Sligo, Ireland. The NCHE provides a key platform for the future growth and development of the academic discipline Home Economics and acknowledges the historical importance and existing prominence of the discipline in St. Angela’s College.  Further details are available at www.stangelas.ie

The theme of the 25th World Congress is Home Economics in a Time of Transformation: Bridging the Past - Charting the Future . Home Economics, as a field of study was founded in 1899, and, as we gather to celebrate the 25th World Congress in Ireland we have an exciting opportunity to advance ideas related to the conference theme. The social disruption and consequences of the pandemic are not yet well understood but it is accepted that this era has triggered new behaviours and ways of living. Home Economics can play a progressive role in shaping a more positive human experience and determining how we can address global issues that concern sustainable and healthy everyday living. What might 2024 and beyond mean for the human experience? Are transformative factors required to support individuals, families and consumers to mediate this transition?

We look forward to welcoming delegates from all over the world to the 25th World Congress. We invite professionals, researchers, practitioners and students to submit abstracts aligned with the Congress theme. Delegates from aligned and cognate disciplines are most welcome to submit an abstract . Full details are available in the Call for Abstracts published on the Congress website.

The week of the Congress is an opportunity for delegates to hear esteemed keynote speakers; engage in enriching concurrent sessions, poster sessions, workshops, symposia; view exhibits and the international sales market; as well as participate in social and cultural events such as the pre and post congress tours; opening cultural evening; opening ceremony; gala banquet and Céili; and the closing ceremony.

Yours Sincerely,

Dr. Amanda McCloat

President 

St. Angela's College, Sligo

Dr. Helen Maguire

Head of School of Home Economics

St. Angela's College, Sligo     

Congress Announcement

Registration is NOW OPEN click HERE to register

Important Dates

Submit Your Abstract 

Deadline 30th September

Extended to 31st October

Notification of Acceptances

15th January 2024

Early Bird Registration Deadline 5th April 2024

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Solar eclipse 2024: Follow the path of totality

Solar eclipse, watch live: total solar eclipse.

The NPR Network

A total solar eclipse is crossing from the Pacific coast of Mexico through the United States on Monday.

According to NASA , totality will start around 11:07 a.m. PDT/1:07 EDT in Mexico and leave Maine at around 1:30 pm PDT/3:30 pm EDT. Precisely when you'll be able to see the eclipse — and what kind of eclipse you'll be able to see — will depend on your location and time zone. More on that here .

Here's what time the eclipse will be visible in your region

This will be the last chance to catch a total solar eclipse in the continental U.S. for about 20 years, so here's what you need to know to safely enjoy!

Livestreams from along the path of totality

View from Vermont

Vermont Public will livestream views of the eclipse from the Fairbanks Museum and Planetarium in St. Johnsbury, Vermont. Tune in starting at 3 p.m. ET.

View from New Hampshire

NHPBS will livestream the solar eclipse from Lancaster, N.H. starting at 12 p.m. ET.

View from Maine

Maine Public will livestream from Mars Hill, Maine, starting at 2:30 p.m.

More resources to enjoy the eclipse

• Sharing the eclipse with tiny humans?  Check out these  kid-friendly total solar eclipse learning guides  from Vermont Public's  But Why,  and this great explainer from KERA Kids on  the difference between a solar and a lunar eclipse.
• Plan to wander into the wild for the best view?   Here are some tips from outdoor experts.
• Tips from Bill Nye  on the best ways to enjoy the eclipse.
• Feeling whimsical?  Here are three ways to  sprinkle a little magic into your eclipse experience .

NPR will be sharing highlights here from across the NPR Network throughout the day Monday if you're unable to get out and see it in real time.

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Inflation Was Hotter Than Expected in March, Unwelcome News for the Fed

The surprisingly stubborn reading raised doubts about when — and even whether — the Federal Reserve will be able to start cutting interest rates this year.

• Share full article

+3.8% excluding

food and energy

+3.5% in March

By Jeanna Smialek

A closely watched measure of inflation remained stronger than expected in March, worrying news for Federal Reserve officials who have become increasingly concerned that their progress on lowering price increases might be stalling.

The surprisingly stubborn inflation reading raised doubts among economists about when — and even whether — the Fed will be able to start cutting interest rates this year.

The Consumer Price Index climbed 3.8 percent on an annual basis after stripping out food and fuel prices, which economists do in order to get a better sense of the underlying inflation trend. That “core” index was stronger than the 3.7 percent increase economists had expected, and unchanged from 3.8 percent in February. The monthly reading was also stronger than what economists had forecast.

Counting in food and fuel, the inflation measure climbed 3.5 percent in March from a year earlier, up from 3.2 percent in February and faster than what economists anticipated. A rise in gas prices contributed to that inflation number.

This week’s inflation figures come at a critical juncture for the Fed. Central bankers have been hoping to confirm that warmer-than-expected inflation figures at the start of the year were just a seasonal quirk, not evidence that inflation is getting stuck well above the 2 percent target. Wednesday’s report offers little comfort that the quick early 2024 readings have not lasted.

“It is what it is: It’s a stronger-than-expected number, and it’s showing that those price pressures are strong across goods and services,” said Blerina Uruci, chief U.S. economist at T. Rowe Price. “It’s problematic for the Fed. I don’t see how they can justify a June cut with this strong data.”

Policymakers have made it clear in recent months that they want to see further evidence that inflation is cooling before they cut interest rates. Fed officials raised borrowing costs to 5.3 percent in 2022 and mid-2023, which they think is high enough to meaningfully weigh on the economy. Central bankers forecast in March that they would cut interest rates three times this year.

But Fed officials do not want to cut rates before they are confident inflation is on track to return to normal. Lowering borrowing costs too early or too much would risk allowing price increases to pick back up. And if households and businesses come to expect inflation to remain slightly higher, officials worry that could make it even harder to stamp out down the road.

That threat of lingering inflation has become a more serious concern for policymakers since the start of the year. Inflation flatlined in January and February after months of steady declines, raising some alarm at the Fed and among forecasters. Going into the year, investors expected the Fed to cut rates sharply in 2024 — perhaps five or six times, to about 4 percent — but have steadily dialed back those expectations .

Stocks dropped sharply after the inflation release as investors further pared back their expectations for lower rates. Following the report, market pricing suggested that many investors now expect just one or two cuts his year.

The S&P 500 and the tech-heavy Nasdaq composite each closed nearly 1 percent lower on Wednesday. The Russell 2000 index, which tracks smaller companies, was down nearly 3 percent.

Investors would like to see lower interest rates, which tend to bolster prices for assets like stocks. But the Fed might struggle to explain why it is cutting rates at the current moment: Not only is inflation showing signs of getting stuck well above the central bank’s target, but the economy is growing at a fairly rapid pace and employers are hiring at a robust clip.

In short, the Fed’s policies do not appear to have pushed America to the brink of a recession — and in fact, there are signs that they may not be having as much of an effect as policymakers had expected when it comes to growth.

While the Fed officially targets Personal Consumption Expenditures inflation , a separate measure, the Consumer Price Index report released on Wednesday comes out earlier and includes data that feeds into the other metric. That makes it a closely watched signal of how price pressures are shaping up.

The inflation report’s details offered little reason to dismiss the gauge’s continued stubbornness as a fluke. They showed that housing inflation remains firm, auto insurance costs picked up at a rapid pace and apparel prices climbed.

Monthly changes in March

Motor vehicle insurance

Gasoline (all types)

Motor vehicle repair

Hospital services

Meats, poultry, fish, eggs

Electricity

All items excl. food and energy

Tobacco products

Rent of primary residence

Nonalcoholic beverages

Food away from home

Medical care commodities

Fruits, vegetables

Alcoholic beverages

Physicians’ services

Piped utility gas service

Dairy products

New vehicles

Airline fares

Cereals, bakery products

Used cars, trucks

Motor vehicle maintenance and repair

Meats, poultry, fish and eggs

All items excluding food and energy

Tobacco and smoking products

Nonalcoholic beverages and materials

Fruits and vegetables

Dairy and related products

Cereals and bakery products

Used cars and trucks

In a development that is likely to be especially notable for Fed officials, a measure of services inflation contributed to the pickup in annual inflation. Policymakers watch those prices closely, because they can reflect the strength of the underlying economy and because they tend to persist over time.

The question, increasingly, is whether Fed officials can cut interest rates at all this year in a world where inflation appears to be flatlining.

Ms. Uruci said that with every month inflation stays stubborn, the Fed may need to see more convincing evidence — and a more sustained return to deceleration — to feel confident that price increases are genuinely coming under control.

Kathy Bostjancic, Nationwide’s chief economist, predicted that rate cuts could now be delayed to this autumn, if they happen in 2024 at all.

“We now think September, if they start to cut rates, is more likely than July,” Ms. Bostjancic said. The new report “shakes the confidence that inflation is on this downward trend.”

If the Fed does not cut rates soon, the election could make the start of reductions more politically fraught. Central bankers are independent of the White House and typically insist that they do not make policy with an eye on the political calendar.

Still, cutting in the months just before the election could put policymakers under a partisan spotlight : Former President Donald J. Trump, the presumptive Republican nominee, has already painted possible rate cuts as a political ploy to help Democrats. Lower rates tend to help incumbents, since they bolster the economy.

But the current economic moment is a politically complicated one.

Consumers dislike rapidly rising prices, and inflation has been dogging President Biden’s approval ratings for months. That said, consumers have become less concerned about them in recent months as the pace of inflation has come down from its peak in 2022.

At the same time, some Americans are chafing against high interest rates, the medicine the Fed uses to cure rapid inflation because they make it more expensive to borrow to buy a house or make other large purchases.

Mr. Biden has struck a concerned tone about high prices and tough housing affordability conditions in recent months, while pinning at least some of the blame for recent rapid inflation on corporations.

He reiterated that message on Wednesday, while saying that he still expects to see rate cuts this year. Mr. Biden’s comments amounted to a forecast rather than a prescription, but they were unusual coming from a White House that usually avoids talking about Fed policy out of respect for the central bank’s independence.

“We have dramatically reduced inflation down from 9 percent to close to 3 percent,” Mr. Biden also noted.

Jeanna Smialek covers the Federal Reserve and the economy for The Times from Washington. More about Jeanna Smialek

Ingemar Dierickx

Negotiation Expertise

Three decades of experience

Ingemar Dierickx holds a PhD (Business Economics) from Harvard University and an MBA from the Harvard Business School, where he was a Baker Scholar. He also holds law degrees from the Harvard Law School (LL.M.) and the Rijksuniversiteit Gent (Lic.Jur.)

For nearly 25 years, he was Professor of Negotiation Analysis at INSEAD. Previously, he worked as a Research Associate with Professor Ray Goldberg at the Harvard Business School and with Professor Thomas Schelling, Harvard Economics Department.

His research on Negotiation Analysis and into the microeconomic foundations of Strategy has been widely published in scientific journals such as Management Science, Journal of Business, Strategic Management Journal, International Journal of Industrial Organization, and European Economic Review. As an outstanding teacher he received numerous awards, including a special Lifetime Achievement Award for teaching excellence. He created INSEAD’s executive program on Negotiation Dynamics and was its Director for fifteen years.

After joining The Moscow School of Management (Skolkovo), he became a founding partner of  D&AC – Negotiation Advisors , a company that offers a wide range of negotiation support services. With Professor Luis Almeida Costa, he developed  Negotiation Dynamics – The Game™ , a state-of-the-art simulation that tracks repeated negotiations within ongoing business relationships. He has also produced a highly successful training DVD on Price Negotiations.

For nearly three decades, Ingemar Dierickx has represented and advised high net worth individuals and corporate clients in a broad spectrum of industries including banking, insurance and re-insurance, consulting, accounting, legal services, travel, aerospace, the automobile industry, retailing, oil and gas, mining and metals, power generation, the pharmaceutical industry, telecommunications, television and entertainment, software development, commodity and specialty chemicals, as well as the public sector.

As a trainer and coach, he has run hundreds of highly successful negotiation workshops around the world.

Andrey Stolbunov

Is a Russian Attorney-at-Law, former Chief of Human Rights Defense NGO “Spravedlivost” (“Justice”). Mr. Stolbunov earned his Master’s Degree of Jurisprudence in 2003 from Moscow New Law Institute, Moscow. In 2011, he successfully completed an advanced course, “Legal Basics of NGO Activity”, at The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA).

From 2006 to 2017, Mr. Stolbunov was a Chairman of the Human Rights NGO “Spravedlivost” (Justice), Moscow, Russia.  The NGO has been developing new technologies to facilitate public inquiry that would target corruption. Stolbunov is a former Editor–In-Chief of  “Public and Legal Portal Justice”, and a former member of the working group of the Presidential Council on Human Rights, where he participated in the drafting of the legislation on public monitoring of the government.

From 2007 to 2013 Stolbunov was an expert for Public Chamber of Russian Federation (Government-based group of mediators between state and society). He is a former Expert guest at the following television channels: Channel One, Russia 24, TV Center, and a contributing expert for Rossiyskaya Gazeta (Russian Newspaper), Novye Izvestia (New Izvestia), Novaya Gazeta (New Gazette) etc.

Stolbunov currently resides in the USA, having fled an unlawful criminal prosecution on trumped-up charges. These charges followed his proactive struggle for the rights of the citizens of the Russia that fell victim to the corrupt Russian government. Since 2003, he has been practicing law in areas including protecting the interests of companies subject to hostile takeovers (corporate raiding), as well as consulting for commercial and not-for-profit organizations and defense in criminal proceedings.

Currently Mr. Stolbunov is an attorney licensed to practice and consult on Russian law, is a member of the Moscow Regional Bar Association, and Co-Founding partner and Vice-Chairman (as of 2016 off counsel) to Moscow-based law firm, Law and Person. He is an author on Russia-related legal topics (Forum Daily, New York), consultant and contributing author on Russian law and human rights issues for Committee for Russian Economic Freedom.

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Yahoo Finance

Housing market 2024: how to sell your home without a real estate agent (and save money).

When selling your home , you can choose to work with a real estate agent or sell it yourself . For sale by owner, or FSBO, isn’t very common, but it can save you money on the listing agent commission and it gives you complete control over the selling process.

Check Out: 8 Places Where Houses Are Suddenly Major Bargains Read Next: 6 Genius Things All Wealthy People Do With Their Money

According to the National Association of Realtors (NAR), FSBOs accounted for only 7% of home sales in 2023. Sellers who choose this route mainly do so to save on the listing agent’s commission. For real estate agents, commissions are typically between 5% and 6% of the sale price, although this could change depending on a recent NAR settlement which may see commissions drop, Yahoo Finance reported. On a $500,000 home, the agent commissions could cost $25,000 to $30,000. This money is typically taken from the proceeds of the sale.

Interested in selling your home without a real estate agent? Follow these steps and (hopefully) save money in the process.

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Set the Listing Price

One of the most difficult tasks for FSBO sellers is getting the price right. The NAR’s 2023 Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers found that 15% of FSBOs have trouble setting the listing price.

Normally, a real estate agent will conduct a comparative market analysis (CMA) to price your home. A CMA estimates a home’s price based on similar, recently sold properties in the same area. Real estate agents put this information together in a CMA report to help sellers set competitive listing prices.

Sellers can perform a CMA themselves or hire a professional real estate appraiser to provide an objective and unbiased estimate of the property’s value.

Learn More: 5 Types of Homes That Will Plummet in Value in 2024

Prepare the Home for Sale

Once you set the listing price, you will need to start preparing the home for listing and showings. This can include making necessary repairs, cosmetic updates, a fresh coat of paint, landscaping and other small improvements to boost your home’s curb appeal and make it more appealing to buyers.

You will also need to take pictures to help your home stand out in online listings. You can either take the photos yourself or hire a professional photographer.

List and Market Your Home

Homeowners will need to create a listing and market their home to attract prospective buyers. According to NAR data, the most common FSBO methods used to market a home are through friends, relatives or neighbors, yard signs and through a third-party aggregator. However, you’ll get more visibility by listing your property on the multiple listing service (MLS).

According to U.S. News & World Report, you can typically list your home on the MLS for a $200 to $500 flat fee, but you’ll likely need to pay a 2% to 3% commission to the buyer’s agent.

Respond to Buyers

Buyers or their real estate agents will start calling or emailing you directly about the property. You’ll need to be responsive and set up showings around your schedules. If you wait too long to respond, they may move on to the next property.

FSBO sellers should be prepared to negotiate the price with buyers. When an offer is made, you’ll typically have two to three days to respond. Keep in mind that the highest offer isn’t always the best. The offer may come with contingencies, which could impact the sale of the property. Contingencies are clauses that buyers include when making an offer. They allow them to back out of the sale if the clauses aren’t met.

Schengen report 2024: Commission proposes recommendations for a stronger Schengen area 

On 16 April the Commission published the State of Schengen and set the priorities for the year ahead. The Schengen area has evolved into the world's largest free travel area. Guaranteeing smooth and secure travel to a population of almost 450 million people, the Schengen area is essential for the European Union's competitiveness.

In 2023, over 10 million Schengen visas were issued, and more than half a billion passengers visited the Schengen area, reaching 92% of pre-pandemic 2019 levels. This has significantly contributed to the EU economy, as tourism contributes close to 10% of the EU's GDP and provides jobs to about 22.6 million people.

The report shows that important developments were achieved in the past year, among them agreement on the legislative framework, including the Schengen Borders Code, the Pact on Migration and Asylum, the Advance Passenger Information Regulations and the Directive on Information Exchange between law enforcement authorities. The report shows that the Schengen rules are well applied, although there are some implementation gaps, for instance: a reinforced legislative framework , where work is required to put in place the new measures, including police cooperation, to phase out long-lasting internal border controls; an integrated Schengen governance framework , for which the Commission will continue to work towards more complete data analysis in close cooperation with the EU agencies and Member States. Another step was the start of admission of Bulgaria and Romania to the Schengen area by lifting controls at the internal air and sea borders on 31 March 2024.  A further Council Decision is needed for the lifting of checks at the internal land borders with Bulgaria and Romania.

The report reflects on achievements, challenges and developments in the area. This year’s State of Schengen report is also accompanied by a proposal for a Council Recommendation identifying the priority areas for the 2024-2025 Schengen cycle.

It is now for the Schengen Council which will take place in 13-14 June to discuss the 2024 Schengen report and adopt the Commission proposal for a Council Recommendation. The implementation of these recommendations will be monitored by the Council, Member States, the Commission and relevant EU Justice and Home Affairs agencies.

Find out more:

2024 State of Schengen report

Press release

Schengen Evaluations

Compendium of Best Practices identified in the framework of the Schengen evaluation and monitoring mechanism

Report on the situation at the internal borders

Proposal for a Council Recommendation for the 2024/2025 Schengen Cycle

Schengen evaluation and monitoring

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