speech and language lisp

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What is a lisp  .

If your child has a ‘lisp’ they may sound a bit different when they say the sound ‘s’. You can usually tell that your child is trying to say the sound ‘s’, but you may think it sounds ‘slushy’, ‘wet’, ‘hissy’, or more like a ‘th’ sound. Lisps happen when a child’s tongue is not in the typical position when they make the sound ‘s’. For example, their tongue might poke out further.  

Some families want help with their child’s lisp so they sound clearer. Other families and communities think that having a lisp is simply a different way of talking, and they accept the lisp as part of what makes their child unique.  

What causes a child to have a lisp?  

There is no known cause of a lisp. The following things have traditionally been linked to lisps, but there is no strong evidence:  

• The position or movement of the child’s jaw, teeth, and tongue.  
• Long term use of dummies or bottles.  
• For most children, they have simply learned to say a ‘s’ sound differently, and this has become a habit. Children are more likely to have a lisp if they have a close family member who has a lisp.  

My child has a lisp. Will they need speech and language therapy or will they just grow out of it?  

Some types of lisps are common when children first learn to talk. Lisps often disappear in time without therapy, usually by the age of four or five. Speech therapy may be helpful if your child’s lisp makes them difficult to understand, or if your child uses an unusual type of lisp. It can take a lot of energy and time for a child to change how they talk. Therapy works best when a child wants to work on their lisp and they can focus on therapy activities.    

If you are concerned about a lisp, it is best to contact a speech and language therapist. They will be able to assess what kind of lisp your child has, and they may provide some support to help your child say their sounds more clearly.  

We also have a free speech and language advice line , which is a confidential phone call with an experienced speech and language therapist. During the 30-minute call, you will be given the opportunity to talk through your concerns and questions regarding your child’s development. You can book your phone call here.  

My child has a lisp, what can I do to help?  

There are some things you can try at home to help your child with a lisp:  

• Focus on what your child says, rather than how they say it. Be positive and accepting of how they sound.  
• Model the right way to say a word when they make a mistake. For example, if your child says, ‘I want to wear the blue ‘thock’, you can say, ‘You want the blue ‘sock’. Don’t worry if they can’t say it back or copy you in the right way yet, they may not be ready.  
• If a dummy or bottle is being used, try to reduce this.  
• See our speech sound page for more ideas.

With thanks to our patron the late Queen Elizabeth II

What Is a Lisp: Its Types, Treatment, and Therapy

In this article, you will know more about....

• the 4 main types of lisps,
• their causes and treatments, and
• the role of a speech therapist in helping those with lisps.

Definition and Different Types of Lisps

Lisping is a type of speech disorder where the speaker’s articulation of certain letters, such as “s” and “z”, is affected. It can range from mild to severe and can sound like a “th” sound instead of an “s” sound. There are four common types of lisps:

1. Interdental Lisp or Frontal Lisp An interdental lisp occurs when the tongue protrudes between the front teeth while speaking, resulting in a whistling sound when making certain sounds. It is most common in children, but can affect adults as well. Although the exact causes of this condition are unknown, it is believed to be due to genetics or anatomical differences in the mouth and tongue. Additionally, some medical conditions can also lead to an interdental lisp, such as cleft palate or jaw misalignment. Environmental factors can also play a role in developing an interdental lisp. For example, if a child finds themselves surrounded by peers who have similar speech patterns, they may acquire those patterns and start producing them in their own speech. Other environmental influences include hearing loss or exposure to foreign languages with different sounds than what is typically used in one’s native language.

2. Dentalized Lisp A dental lisp occurs when the tongue touches the front teeth when pronouncing the “s” and “z” sounds, resulting in a slushy or distorted sound. Instead of making these sounds in the back of the mouth, they are often articulated further forward in the mouth, creating a lisping sound. This type of lisp can be caused by a combination of genetics, language development issues, and physical anatomical differences. Those affected by this disorder may also find it difficult to produce proper lip closure during speech. Genetics may play a role in the development of this type of lisp due to anatomical differences in the mouth, such as a small tongue or underdeveloped jaw muscles. Additionally, language development issues during childhood can also have an impact on pronunciation. For instance, if a child does not receive sufficient exposure to certain sounds during early development, they may find it difficult to master their production later on. Another possible cause for a dentalized lisp is poor oral motor control. This means that someone might have difficulty coordinating their facial and tongue muscles when producing speech, resulting in articulation mistakes. Finally, individuals with conditions like cleft palate or cerebral palsy may also be more prone to this type of lisp due to physical limitations in their mouths.

3. Palatal Lisp A palatal lisp occurs when the middle of the tongue touches the roof of the mouth when pronouncing the “s” and “z” sounds, resulting in a distorted or whistling sound. Instead of producing a proper “s” sound, they produce a “sh” sound instead. This condition can be caused by an anatomical issue like tongue tie or it can be due to incorrect muscle memory and habits. The causes of a palatal lisp are varied, ranging from anatomical issues to incorrect muscle memory and habits. Anatomical issues can arise when the tongue is too short or thick, or if there is an abnormality in the way it moves. This can interfere with how air passes through the mouth, which then affects how words are formed. Incorrect muscle memory and habits can also be a cause of a palatal lisp. These occur when incorrect sounds become automatic responses. This type of lisp may be caused by an individual’s environment growing up or due to lack of speech practice and guidance in early childhood development. Additionally, certain medical conditions such as cerebral palsy may also contribute to the development of a palatal lisp. In children, this type of lisp may also be due to developmental delays that affect their ability to produce correct sounds correctly and consistently.

4. Lateral Lisp A lateral lisp occurs when air escapes through the sides of the mouth while speaking, causing a slushy or fuzzy sound. The causes of lateral lisp are not well understood. Some speculate that developmental delays or anatomical differences are to blame. For example, if the jaw muscles are underdeveloped, it may cause an individual to produce a lisp due to difficulties in proper facial coordination during speech. Additionally, exposure to certain speech patterns from peers or family members can also lead to the development of a lateral lisp. Finally, individuals who suffer from hearing loss or conditions like cleft palate may also be more prone to developing this type of lisp.

Treatment of Different Types of Lisps

If left untreated, lisps can lead to difficulty being understood or feelings of shame associated with speaking. A speech therapist can help those with a lisp learn how to enunciate properly and confidently communicate their thoughts and feelings in public settings.

Treatment should be tailored to the individual’s needs but typically include the following:

• activities designed to help patients become aware of their problem pronunciations
• practicing tongue placement, lip rounding, breath control exercises, vocal exercises (e.g. humming or singing), and other activities that focus on building muscle memory for proper pronunciation
• using technology such as voice-recording apps or computer programs that provide feedback on pronunciation accuracy
• homework assignments that involve drills or reading aloud passages
• involving family and friends for support and encouragement to help build confidence

When treating this disorder, it is important to practice frequently in order to strengthen the muscles used for speaking correctly. In addition to traditional therapy approaches, technology has begun to play a larger role in the treatment of lisps. Apps have been developed that allow users to practice speech exercises right at home. For more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct any underlying medical conditions associated with it.

With dedication and perseverance, individuals can learn how to reduce their lisping tendencies and regain control over their speech.

The Role of a Speech Therapist in Treatment

A Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) specializes in diagnosing and treating speech and language disorders. Speech therapists work with individuals of all ages, from infants to the elderly, to help them overcome their challenges and improve their communication skills.

SLPs begin with a thorough assessment of the patient’s symptoms to determine the causes and course of action. Through personalized treatment plans tailored for each patient’s needs and continual support throughout the therapy process, SLPs can make a significant difference for those seeking help with their language abilities.

The same is true with the treatment of different types of lisps. With thorough attention from a qualified professional combined with the patient’s dedication and continual practice outside of therapy sessions, it is possible to reduce symptoms and regain control over one’s communication abilities.

Accurate production of speech is essential for clear and effective communication. Proper placement and positioning of the tongue, lips, and jaw are key to achieving the correct production.

If you or anyone you know are worried about symptoms of lisping, get in touch with one of our Speech-Language Pathologists to determine if speech therapy is needed.

Related Post:

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How to pronounce the th sound (and how speech therapy helps), is depression a sign of dementia.

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What Is a Lisp and What Causes It?

Top articles, more articles.

Medically Reviewed By Colgate Global Scientific Communications

If you or someone you know misarticulates certain phonetic sounds, it may be due to a lisp. The cause, effects and solutions for this speech disorder may differ, depending on the person. Here's why someone may have trouble making phonetic sounds correctly and what can be done about it.

What Are Lisps and What Causes Them?

A lisp is a common type of speech impediment. An article from Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Programs specifies several potential causes of lisping:

• Learning to pronounce sounds incorrectly
• Jaw alignment problems
• Tongue-tie , where the tongue is attached to the bottom of the mouth and movement is limited
• Tongue thrust , where the tongue protrudes out between the front teeth

Some of these issues are apparent from birth, such as a tongue-tie, while others, such as improper pronunciation, develop as a child learns to speak.

What Are the Types of Lisps?

There are four professional categories of lisps, as the Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Programs outlines. The first is a frontal lisp, which is the most common and occurs when individuals push their tongues too far forward. The second is a lateral lisp, which happens if air moves over the sides of the tongue when speaking, resulting in a slurred sound. People with palatal lisps, the third kind, touch their tongue to the roof of their mouth while saying certain sounds. Finally, the fourth kind, dental lisps, are easily confused with frontal lisps, but these occur when the individual pushes their tongue against the teeth — not through them.

The Connection Between Lisping and Misaligned Teeth

Malocclusion is the misalignment of teeth when biting down which occurs because the teeth are crooked or not spaced correctly.

In some cases, dental malocclusion can be directly linked to speech disorders. Research conducted in a 2021 study published in the Journal of Applied Oral Science determined that people with speech articulation issues, such as a lisp, have a high chance of malocclusion. However, malocclusion doesn't necessarily cause the speech disorder, and the severity of the disorder doesn't necessarily correlate to the severity of the malocclusion.

Some of the alignment issues associated with speech disorders include:

• Increased overjet
• Spacing between the teeth in the upper jaw

It is crucial for anyone who believes they have a speech disorder or a bite issue to get a professional diagnosis. It's especially important to determine if the lisp results from tongue thrust, as this condition can have significant dental consequences. Parents who notice speech difficulties in their children should seek evaluation.

How to Treat Speech Articulation Issues

Having a speech issue can be emotionally challenging. If you or someone you know has speech trouble, there are several ways to seek help. People with lisping issues can seek help from a dentist, orthodontist, doctor, or speech-language pathologist.

A dentist can check the positioning of the teeth and the size and shape of the palate and bite. A physician may look for other things, such as allergies and tonsil size, while a speech and language pathologist will likely focus on how the individual speaks, breathes, and eats. Sometimes, treating a speech issue requires a combination of professional interventions.

If you or someone you know suffers from a speech disorder, don't worry! There are many resources available for support and speech lisp therapy.

Oral Care Center articles are reviewed by an oral health medical professional. This information is for educational purposes only. This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your dentist, physician or other qualified healthcare provider. 

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Lateral Lisp: What Is It and How to Fix It

Have you ever wondered why your child can’t seem to get rid of that lateral lisp? It sounds as if they are saying “thush” instead of “this”. Lateral lisps can be so persistent and frustrating to correct. With proper intervention, your child should be able to reduce or eliminate their lateral lisp. If you want to know more about lateral lisps, what causes a lateral lisp, and how to help your child, read more:

What is a lateral lisp?

What causes a lateral lisp, who diagnoses and treats lateral lisps, how to tell if my child has lateralized s, how can i help my child reduce their lateral lisp, how to say /s/ the right way.

A lateral lisp occurs when a child produces the speech sounds /s/ and /z/ with airflow that goes out to the side of the mouth, instead of down the middle. This results in a “slushy” or wet-sounding speech production. Lateralized speech sounds are often more difficult for listeners to understand.

It can cause poor speech intelligibility which means people have a difficult time understanding what is being said. However, it is important to understand that lateralized sounds should be corrected. Why? Because if speech sounds are not corrected, they will likely persist into adolescence and adulthood.

Study shows that speech sound disorders are the most common type of childhood speech and language disorder. It is four times more common in boys than girls.

A lateral lisp can be caused by many things, including incorrect tongue placement, teeth that are not properly aligned, or mouth muscles that are too weak. Oftentimes, a combination of these factors contributes to a child developing a lateralized lisp.

For example, if a child has teeth that are not properly aligned, this can cause the tongue to be placed in an incorrect position. This then can lead to a lateral lisp. It is important to know what causes a lateral lisp because this will guide treatment.

Speech therapy can correct the lateral lisp

A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is the best professional to diagnose and treat a lateral or frontal lisp. After completing a comprehensive speech and language evaluation, the SLP will be able to develop a treatment plan that is specific to your child’s needs based on what causes a lateral lisp.

Lateralized lisp is easy for parents to detect since it produces the distinctive “slushy” sound. Listen closely to your child as he vocalizes noises or words containing the “s” and “z” sounds. If your youngster has articulation problems, see an SLP. Early treatment of a lateralized S might help him acquire correct speech patterns more easily.

Other signs that your child may have a lateral lisp include:

Tongue placement: You may notice that your child places his tongue between his teeth when producing the “s” and “z” sounds.

Teeth placement: You may also notice that your child’s teeth are not properly aligned. This can cause the tongue to be placed in an incorrect position, which then can lead to a lateral lisp.

Mouth muscles: If your child has weak mouth muscles, this can also contribute to a lateral lisp.

The most important thing you can do is to seek speech therapy intervention from a certified speech-language pathologist. Working with an SLP, your child will learn how to produce the /s/ and /z/ sounds correctly.

Speech-language pathologists are experts in helping children with speech sound disorders. If your child has a lateral lisp, don’t wait to seek help! The sooner you get started, the better.

The development of the sound /s/ is a process. Babies and young children typically start by making the sound /s/ with air coming out of the mouth. This is called an “air leak.”

As babies and young children develop, they learn to make the sound /s/ with the tongue tip in between the teeth. This is called interdental production. The next step is to produce the sound with the tongue tip behind the top teeth. This is called alveolar production. Finally, children learn to produce the sound with the tongue tip at the back of the teeth. This is called velar production.

Most children will go through all of these stages before they are able to produce the sound /s/ correctly. The speech sound /s/ can be difficult for some children to produce correctly. This is because the /s/ is a fricative. A fricative is a speech sound that is produced by narrowing the speech organs and then releasing air through the narrow opening. Coordinating all of the speech muscles to produce a fricative correctly can be difficult, especially for young children.

If your child is having difficulty producing the speech sound /s/, you may want to try these tips:

Have your child place their tongue tip behind their top teeth. You can practice this by using a lollipop or straw and put it behind the top teeth. This will help them get the tongue placement correct.

Once your child has the hang of placement, have them practice producing the speech sound /s/ while holding their tongue tip in place.

Keep the sides of their tongue up and touch the back molars.

Tell your child to direct the airflow out through the middle of their mouth. This is easier if you associate the sound with the sound of an animal, such as a snake for /s/ and a bee for /z/.

Remember, it takes time and practice for a child to learn how to produce speech sounds correctly. Be patient and encourage your child to keep trying!

Isolation, Initial, Medial, and Final /s/

Now that we’ve talked about how to produce the speech sound /s/, let’s talk about isolation, initial, medial, and final /s/. Learning a new sound, like /s/, can be tricky. That’s why it’s important to break it down into smaller pieces.

Isolation is when a speech sound is produced by itself, without any other sounds. For example, the word “sun” has three speech sounds: /s/, /u/, and /n/. To practice isolation, have your child say the /s/ sound by itself.

Initial is when a speech sound is at the beginning of a word. For example, the word “sun” has three speech sounds: /s/, /u/, and /n/. The speech sound /s/ is in the initial position.

Medial is when a speech sound is in the middle of a word. For example, the word “sun” has three speech sounds: /s/, /u/, and /n/. The speech sound /u/ is in the medial position.

Final is when a speech sound is at the end of a word. For example, the word “sun” has three speech sounds: /s/, /u/, and /n/. The speech sound /n/ is in the final position.

When you’re teaching your child a new speech sound, it’s important to practice all four positions: isolation, initial, medial, and final. This will help your child be able to use the sound correctly in any word or sentence.

Let’s Practice!

Now that we’ve talked about how to produce the speech sound /s/ and the different positions of /s/, it’s time to practice!

Here are some words that your child can practice:

Now it’s your turn! Try saying these words out loud with your child. Can they produce the speech sound /s/ in all four positions?

Fantastic! Your child is on their way to producing the speech sound /s/ correctly. Keep up the good work!

5 tips from a speech therapist on how to help your child at home:

There are different ways that you can help your child at home. Here are 5 tips from a speech therapist on how to help your child reduce their lateral lisp:

Model the correct way to say /s/ and /z/ sounds everyday. This means that you should say the sound correctly and have your child imitate you.

Make sure that your child is using a correct speech production when they say /s/ and /z/ sounds. This means that the airflow should be directed down the middle of their mouth, not out to the side.

Correct your child’s speech errors in a positive and encouraging way. This means that you should not criticize or make fun of your child’s speech.

Encourage your child to practice their /s/ and /z/ sounds often. This can be done by having them read aloud or play sound games such as “I Spy” with objects that start with “/s/ and /z/ sounds.

Be patient! It takes time and practice for a child to learn how to produce speech sounds correctly.

If you follow these tips, you will be well on your way to helping your child reduce their lateral and frontal lisp. Remember, speech therapy intervention from a certified speech-language pathologist is the best way to help your child eliminate their speech sound disorder. At Better Speech, we offer online speech therapy services convenient for you and tailored to your child's individual needs. Our services are affordable and effective - get Better Speech now.

Frequently Asked Questions

Will my child outgrow a lateral lisp?

Most children do outgrow a lateral lisp, whether through speech therapy or naturally on their own. However, the 'wait and see' method is less common now, and earlier intervention is typically utilized as it has been shown to benefit children to begin speech therapy earlier. So whether or not a child will outgrow their lateral lisp simply depends on therapy, or whether or not they were going to naturally outgrow the lisp on their own.

What can I do to help my child with a lateral lisp?

How long does it take to fix a lateral lisp?

What are the risks of not fixing a lateral lisp?

Is there anything I can do to prevent a lateral lisp?

About the Author

Mikee Larrazabal

I am a Speech-Language Pathologist with 14 years of experience working with children and adults who have communication difficulties. I completed my Bachelor of Science degree in Health Science at Cebu Doctors' University and have been helping people overcome their communication challenges ever since.

I have worked with individuals of different ages, including toddlers, preschoolers, school-aged children, adults and seniors. I'm passionate about speech therapy and take great satisfaction in helping people overcome their communication challenges and improve their lives through better communication skills. In my spare time I like reading books, going hiking in nature and taking care of my dog Locas.

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Speech Therapy for a Lisp (Ultimate SLP Guide)

Speech pathologists treating speech sound disorders will no doubt want some tips and ideas for correcting a lisp in speech therapy. Many different speech errors are addressed in articulation therapy, and correct production of s and z requires some skill and hard work to accomplish. While your coworkers and the internet may offer good advice, it’s helpful to have all of that information in one location. So, if you are a speech therapist, make sure to bookmark this post and reference it often when you need new ideas for correcting that lisp!

What is a Lisp?

What, exactly, is a lisp?

A lisp falls under the realm of a speech sound disorder.

It involves the misarticulation of some specific speech sounds (sibilants), including s and z, as the result of inaccurate tongue placement. In addition, one must also simultaneously maintain the proper amount of expiratory air pressure. 

The Underlying Cause of a Lisp

What is the underlying cause of the lisp? 

Three possibilities include:

• an orofacial myofunctional disorder
• high-frequency hearing loss
• structural changes, such as missing teeth

Reference: 

Bauman-Waengler, J. A. (2013). In  Articulatory and phonological impairments: A clinical focus  (pp. 256–270). essay, Pearson Education Limited. 

Orofacial Myofuctional Disorder

One should consider the possibility of an orofacial myofuctional disorder. SLPs might also be familiar with the terms “tongue thrust” or “oral muscle pattern disorders”.

  According to ASHA , signs or symptoms of orofacial myofunctional disorders can include difficulty saying some sounds, such as the s sound. (Reference: Orofacial Myofunctional Disorders. (2023). Retrieved 5 June 2023, from https://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/orofacial-myofunctional-disorders/)

The Academy of Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy reported that people with ‘ abnormal oral muscle patterns may suffer a lisp ‘ (reference:  (2023). Retrieved 5 June 2023, from  https://aomtinfo.org/myofunctional-therapy/ ).

And, from my own clinical experience and CEU learning (I took  Sandra Holtzman’s 28 hour CEU course ), it’s important to note that anything that is causing abnormal resting posture can be a culprit. And by that I mean, anything causing the incorrect placement of the tongue. Because if the tongue isn’t in that correct “starting place” for speech, correct pronunciation will not occur for many sounds.

I have personally encountered several students or clients through the years who presented with severe lisps and learned through parent interviews about present or past negative oral habits. 

The most common negative habits included sucking the thumb and going to bed with sippy cups. 

It is important to note, however, that an  interdental  lisp is considered developmentally appropriate in young children. So, if you are hearing more of a ‘th’ sound for ‘s’ when small children talk (“thun” for “sun”), this articulation error might correct itself in time. 

Hearing Loss

Another possible underlying cause of a lisp could be high-frequency hearing loss.

Structural Changes

It is also possible that structural changes can contribute to a lisp. Examples might include missing front teeth for children- or for adults, new dentures!

The Different Kinds of Lisps

You have likely heard of a frontal lisp or a lateral lisp, but there are actually several main types of lisps. 

It is very important to distinguish which type of lisp a child is experiencing. The correct diagnosis can help the SLP provide better feedback and support during speech therapy sessions.

For example, if the kind of lisp the student is exhibiting is an interdental lisp, he would need feedback to reposition the tongue tip in and angle up toward the alveolar ridge, as opposed to pushing out and forward between the front teeth. 

Some types of lisps include:

• interdental lisp
• addental lisp
• strident lisp
• palatal lisp
• lateral lisp

Read all about  the different types of lisps . 

Reference: Articulatory and Phonological Impairments: A Clinical Focus, Third Edition. By Jacqueline Bauman-Waengler

Correct Production of S and Z

S and z are both fricative sounds.

The s sound is a lingua-alveolar fricative sound. It is a voiceless sound, meaning the vocal folds do not vibrate. The z sound is voiced. 

The soft palate is raised during both s and z production. 

The jaw is in a high position, but it shifts forward slightly during the production of s.

S and z can be made with the “tongue tip up” (aka apico-alveolar) or the “tongue tip down” (predorsal-alveolar).

In either production, the lateral sides of the tongue need to be elevated and touch the sides of the upper top teeth (the upper molars). This allows for sagittal grooving of the tongue.

Also, it is important the sides of the tongue are high and raised so that air does not escape out of the sides of the mouth!

So basically, the tongue is wider at the back of the mouth, but more narrow at the tip. 

While the sides of the tongue are lifted, the middle of the tongue creates a funnel for airflow. 

The tongue tip lowers just slightly to create a channel to let the airflow pass through. 

For the “tongue tip up” production, there is a tiny gap where the air flows past between the narrow front or tip of the tongue and the alveolar ridge.

​If the s or z is produced as “tongue tip down”, the tongue is arched towards the palate. The tip touches the front bottom teeth.

This takes a lot of practice and coordination!

The airstream moves forward and out of the mouth. The airstream continues while the tongue remains in place.

References: 

Articulatory and Phonological Impairments: A Clinical Focus, Third Edition. By Jacqueline Bauman-Waengler

Marshalla, P. (2019). Chapter 25- Stimulating the Fricated Consonants. In The marshalla guide: A topical anthology of Speech Movement techniques for Motor Speech Disorders & articulation deficits. essay, Marshalla Speech and Language. 

Why Target a Lisp?

S and z are frequently occurring sounds. Professional help from a qualified speech-language pathologist is often necessary to improve speech production. Speech difficulties such as a lisp could potentially cause low self-esteem, especially during tasks that require speaking aloud in a group. 

It is also important to note that articulation and language disorders have been  linked to reading difficulties . 

S Words for Speech Therapy

Do you need some initial s, medial s, and final s words to use in speech therapy? Check out these  s word articulation lists . 

Z Words for Speech Therapy

This  Z Words for Speech Therapy articulation list  contains the z sound in the initial position, medial position, and final position of words. 

The Best Ways to Correct a Lisp

Eliminate negative oral habits.

First, any negative oral habits need to be eliminated. If a child is still sucking a thumb, using a pacifier, or going to sleep with a sippy cup, this should be addressed. If this is a long term habit, it may be challenging to break. 

Establish Normal Lingual Resting Posture

Correct tongue position is so important! In fact, it goes beyond just the tongue. 

Normal resting posture means:

• The tongue is lightly suctioned to the roof of the mouth.
• The tongue should NOT be flat. It should “live” within the dental arch.
• The front part, or tip, of the tongue, should be resting at the alveolar ridge- not against the insides of the front teeth. 
• The jaw is relaxed, and there is about 2-3 mm of space between the upper and lower teeth. 
• The lips are closed. We breathe through the nose. 

Reminders to “keep the tongue at home” can be useful during therapy sessions. Check out this Lisp Program with resources. 

Try Saying a “New Sound”

Try shaping the /s/ sound from /t/. This approach is known as the “whisper t”, in which one carefully taps the alevolar ridge while producing the /t/ sound. After that, blow more air in a controlled manner to create a “long t”. This part can take quite a bit of practice, but once mastered, should result in an isolated /s/ sound.

TS at the End of Words

Once the “long t” is mastered, final /ts/ words, such as  cats , can be introduced. Check out this Lisp Program , which includes a comprehensive set of individual words and phrases for practice. 

Utilize the Straw Technique

This is a favorite of mine! It was developed by SLP Vikki Usdan in 1976. It involves the use of a thin straw (such as a coffee straw) and a cup of water. Blowing bubbles through the tiny straw, which is held in place by the tongue tip at the alveolar ridge, is a great way to encourage the child’s tongue to be appropriately placed. Maintaining proper tongue placement and expiratory airflow allows bubbles, the perfect visual, to be created in the cup. Read more about  how to use the straw technique to correct a lateral lisp . 

Watch the Jaw

It is very important that the tongue can move separately from the jaw. Try using a mirror, or have the child place their hands on their cheeks to feel the movement. With the help of a speech-language pathologist, lingual-mandibular differentiation can be established. 

Comprehensive Correct that Lisp Program

It’s not uncommon for SLPs to feel- well-  frustrated  when trying to treat a lisp. The good news is there is an effective program , based on research, that can alleviate all that stress and help speech language pathologists finally feel confident when treating a lisp!

It all starts with teaching the foundational skills needed to ensure success. If the traditional articulation approach hasn’t worked, this program is an absolute must. That’s because it incorporates the basics of orofacial myology, which ensures that any underlying issues that might impact success are not missed.

​Speech therapists won’t have to wonder what steps to take next- everything is laid out. This is your ultimate, correct that lisp gameplan . 

In summary, there can be multiple underlying causes of a lisp. It is beneficial to first address any negative oral habits and teach normal resting posture. 

After this, there are several effective techniques that SLPs can use to correct a lisp.

This comprehensive program is a helpful tool for SLPs to use to treat a lisp. 

Related Articles:

• How To Use the Straw Technique for a Lateral Lisp
• S Words tor Speech Therapy
• Z Words for the Speech Therapy
• The Biggest Mistake I Made When Correcting a Lisp

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Speech Therapy Treatments For Children With Lisp

Do you have difficulty pronouncing ‘s’ or ‘z’ sounds?

Have your friends or family members remarked that you sound like you have a lisp?

Are you looking into speech therapy for your lisp?

If so, you’re not alone.

A lisp is a common speech affectation, with an estimated 23 per cent of people in the USA having experienced it at some point in their lives.

It is also one of the 10 most common speech disorders in the United States .

But what is a lisp, and what are your options if you have one?

When is the best time to seek speech therapy if your child has one?

The best age to begin speech therapy is as soon as you notice your child has a lisp, or if your child isn’t meeting their speech development milestones .

Now, keep reading to learn more.

What Is A Lisp?

A lisp is a type of functional speech disorder.

A functional speech disorder is a difficulty with a particular speech sound, or a few specific speech sounds.

Functional speech disorders often present in childhood, which is why they frequently fall under speech therapy treatments for children .

However, they can persist into adolescence and adulthood as ‘residual errors’ and create the potential for stigma and alienation .

A “lisp” commonly refers to difficulty producing the ‘s’ and ‘z’ sound.

Your tongue is responsible for many vital activities like eating and speaking, but it can also contribute to your lisp.

This is because a lisp can be caused by your tongue sticking out between your front teeth, or the sides of your tongue may not be high or tense enough in your mouth.

Problems creating ‘s’, ‘z’, ‘r’, ‘l’, and ‘th’ sounds are common in functional speech disorders.

Different Types Of Lisps

There are multiple different kinds of lisps.

Each of them is distinguished by the placement of your tongue in your mouth.

Remember, your tongue is attached to your lingual bone, which can be found near your larynx .

Each type of lisp is characterized by difficulty with creating certain sounds, but they all produce slightly different pronunciation errors.

Let’s take a closer look at the different types of lisps.

1. Interdental Lisp

In an interdental lisp, or frontal lisp, your tongue sticks out between your front teeth and the airflow is directed forwards

An interdental lisp makes ‘s’ and ‘z’ sound like ‘th’ sounds.

For example, ‘yes’ is pronounced as ‘yeth’.

Young children who are learning to speak may have interdental lisps until they are about four and a half, after which time, the lisp may disappear.

If an interdental lisp persists past this age, you might benefit from an assessment by a speech language pathologist.

2. Dentalized Lisp

A dentalized lisp is not an official diagnostic term.

It’s an expression that speech therapists use to describe the way an individual pronounces certain sounds.

Also, like your tongue, your teeth affect your ability to speak .

They can contribute to tongue thrust or tongue tie, two conditions which can cause a lisp.

As your tongue rests on, or pushes against, your front teeth, the airflow is directed forwards, which produces a slightly muffled sound.

As with the interdental lisp, young children might have dentalized lisps until they are about four and a half years old.

Most children grow out of it, but if the dentalized lisp remains past this age, you might benefit from an assessment by a speech therapist.

3. Lateral Lisp

A lateral lisp occurs when air escapes over the sides of the tongue.

A lateral lisp often sounds “wet” or “slushy” because you can hear the sounds of saliva.

The tongue position for a lateral lisp is very close to the normal position for an ‘l’ sound.

Unlike interdental and dentalized lisps, lateral lisps are not characteristic of normal development.

Anyone with a lateral lisp could benefit from a speech therapist assessment.

4. Palatal Lisp

Like lateral lisps, palatal lisps are not found in typical speech development.

Here, the mid-section of the tongue meets the soft palate, quite far back.

If you try to produce a ‘sa’ or ‘h’ closely followed by a ‘y’, and prolong it, you have the sound.

Unlike interdental and dentalized lisps, palatal lisps are not characteristic of typical development.

Anyone with a palatal lisp could benefit from a speech therapist assessment.

What Causes A Lisp?

Some lisps are just habitual.

Children at a young age may learn to pronounce things incorrectly, but they may grow out of it.

However, it can also be associated with developmental disorders and other speech disorders.

In particular, speech therapy for orofacial myofunctional disorders often covers lisping as well.

This is because those with orofacial myofunctional disorders like tongue thrust and tongue tie often have difficulties with lisping.

How Can A Speech Therapist Help?

As you’ve seen in this article, a speech therapist can assess the kind of lisp you have and from there, work with you to come up with a plan to help you achieve your speech goals.

The assessment involves a speech therapist taking a detailed history of your communicative function, examines the anatomy of your mouth and the movements it can make, checking for tongue tie, palate structure and function, swallowing patterns, and more.

Your speech therapist will also take a speech and language sample for analysis, and observe your voice quality and fluency.

If you are looking for speech therapy for lisps in children, treatment for that tends to be short term and very successful, though individual experiences may vary.

Book Your Appointment With District Speech Today

If you’re ready to take the next step towards treating your lisp, or if you’d like to know more about speech therapy for children, book an appointment with District Speech today.

Remember, spotting the early symptoms of a lisp is important in getting early treatment .

The common speech therapy myth that your child will simply grow out of it is a gamble that can greatly impact your child’s development.

Our team of pediatric therapists work with a number of different speech and language disorders, including lisps, articulation improvement , and even speech therapy for stuttering .

When you first meet your speech therapist, they will ask you questions about your speech history and about the goals you’d like to achieve.

You will also have the opportunity to ask them questions about the process.

From there, your speech therapist will work with you to create a plan that suits your personal needs.

Book your appointment with District Speech today.

District Speech and Language Therapy specializes in speech therapy, physical therapy, and occupational therapy solutions, for both children and adults, in the Washington D.C and the Arlington Virginia areas.

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How we can help people with a lisp

A lisp is a speech impediment and often results in a client having difficulty in producing the sounds ‘s’ and ‘z’. This results in the client substituting these sounds for a ‘th’ sound. This can cause communication difficulties depending upon severity and also knock a person’s confidence.

What is a lisp?

A lisp develops through incorrect placement of the tongue during speech production most commonly with the sounds of ‘s’ and ‘z’. A lisp can be categorised into the following:

A frontal lisp

A frontal lisp is when the tongue is protruding slightly through the front of the teeth. This leads to the ‘s’ and ‘z’ sounds beginning to sound like ‘th’ sounds.

A lateral lisp

A lateral lisp is when air is escaping along the sides of the tongue. This leads to speech sounding wet as the saliva can be heard as well as the sound of the speech sound.

A nasal lisp

A nasal lisp is when the entire air stream is escaping through the nose making the voice sound nasal with no air escaping through the mouth.

A strident lisp

A strident lisp is when there is a high pitched whistling sound escaping from the oral cavity due to incomplete closure of the tongue and the palate or teeth.

A palatal lisp

A palatal lisp is where the middle of the tongue touches the palate (roof of your mouth) during the ‘s’ and ‘z’ sounds.

Interdental lisp

An interdental lisp is when the tongue protrudes between the teeth during the sound production of ‘s’ and ‘z’. This leads to a ‘th’ sound instead.

What causes a lisp?

A cause of a lisp can be identified as either psychological or physiological. This is because there may be a medical reason for someone to have a lisp, or it may be more to do with stress or trauma. Although it can be categorised this way, there is no exact cause for a lisp and is more to do with habitual speech patterns when speech is developing.

What problems caused by a lisp can SLT UK help with?

Speech sound and general communication problems caused by a lisp can be improved through speech and language therapy.

By working on these areas, a client may develop coping strategies to overcome their lisp and improve the fluency of their speech. As a lisp is habitual, the more work a client can put in outside of speech and language therapy sessions, the more progress a client will make.

How does speech and language therapy help a lisp?

Speech and language therapy can improve a client’s communication skills and help them to develop coping strategies and management of their lisp. This may result in a client becoming more confident and therefore more fluent in their production of speech. A client may also be able to change the way in which they produce a certain speech sound.

Speech and language therapy can be greatly beneficial to someone who has a lisp. Speech and language therapy may reduce a patient's stress and anxiety whilst increasing their confidence. This may open up more work and social opportunities for the individual as their speech continues to improve.

What would speech and language therapy treatment for a lisp involve?

Speech and language therapy may include assessments, reports, reviews, therapy programmes, support groups, training, advice and education. Specific speech and language therapy treatment for a lisp would involve articulation therapy.

A lisp is a habitual method of speech production and can differ in severity depending upon each individual. A lisp can be either inter dental or lateral and Speech and language therapy can help an individual cope with or change the way in which they produce certain speech sounds.

If you feel you may benefit from speech and language therapy or would like any more information on our services please email [email protected] or call 0330 088 5643.

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Speech Therapy For Kids Who Lisp

Table of Contents

As a parent, it can be challenging to know when your child is hitting their appropriate speech milestones.

After all, every child is different.

If you notice your child having trouble pronouncing certain sounds like ‘z’ or ‘s’, it might mean they have a lisp.

But it might also mean they’re just developing normally.

After all, most kids pronounce words incorrectly at first, right?

As a parent, it can be hard to know what to do.

Do you just wait and see if they grow out of it?

Or do you pursue professional help right away?

Fortunately, it’s never too early to start speech therapy.

So if you’re looking for speech therapy for kids , you’ve come to the right place.

For now, let’s take a closer look at lisps – what they are, how they work, and how a speech pathologist can help.

What Is A Lisp?

A lisp is a type of articulation disorder that prevents your child from pronouncing certain sounds.

It’s most common with the speech sounds associated with ‘z’, ‘s’, and ‘r’.

If your child has a lisp, it means they struggle to articulate these sounds.

This is because their mouth isn’t making the right shape when they speak.

Often, children struggle with articulation when they can’t get their tongue , teeth, and lips to work together properly for certain sounds.

How To Tell If Your Child Has A Lisp

If you notice your child has trouble pronouncing letters like ‘s’, ‘z’, ‘-sh’, and ‘-ch’, they might have a lisp.

However, there are actually several different kinds of lisps.

Often it takes a professional speech therapist to identify which type of lisp your child has and how to improve it.

Let’s take a closer look at some of the different kinds of lisps.

1. Interdental Lisp

An interdental lisp is also known as a frontal lisp.

When you think of a lisp, this is likely what you think of.

If your child has an interdental lisp, it means their tongue sticks out between the front of their teeth when they pronounce certain letters.

This makes air flow out of their mouth forwards.

When they do this, it makes their ‘s’ and ‘z’ sound like ‘th’.

For example, your child might say “thoop” instead of “soup” or “eethy” instead of “easy”.

Interdental lisps are actually a normal part of speech development.

Up to about 5 years old, it’s normal for a child to speak with an interdental lisp.

However, if your child is speaking with an interdental lisp past this age, it’s time for intervention.

Remember, the sooner a speech therapist intervenes, the fewer bad speech habits your child will have to unlearn.

2. Dentalized Lisp

A dentalized lisp is similar to an interdental lisp.

If your child has a dentalized lisp, they also send air forward between their teeth.

However, unlike with an interdental lisp, this isn’t because their tongue is between their teeth.

Instead, it’s because your child’s tongue rests against the back of their front teeth.

It can sound very similar to an interdental lisp and might be hard to tell apart.

However, the sound that your child produces is more muted than if they have an interdental lisp.

Also, unlike an interdental lisp, a dentalized lisp isn’t a normal part of development.

That means it shouldn’t happen when your child speaks and it won’t go away on its own.

3. Lateral Lisp

A lateral lisp is a little bit different than the two types of lisps we’ve discussed so far.

Instead of your child pushing air forward out of their mouth, they push it out the sides.

This can make your child’s speech sound “wet”, like their mouth is full of moisture when they speak.

This type of lisp is also not a normal part of your child’s development.

If you think your child might have a lateral lisp, a speech therapist can help.

They’ll be able to assess what kind of lisp your child has and provide you the appropriate treatment and support.

4. Palatal Lisp

This is the fourth and final kind of lisp that your child can have.

A palatal lisp occurs when the middle of your child’s tongue touches their soft palate .

Your soft palate is located at the top back of your mouth.

If you run your tongue from the front of your mouth to the back of your mouth near your throat, you’ll be able to feel it.

Palatal lisps also aren’t part of normal speech development.

Just like with other lisps, your child will likely need help correcting this speech pattern.

Why Does Your Child Have A Lisp?

If your child has a lisp, they struggle specifically with their tongue placement on certain sounds.

If your child is younger than 5 years old or so, there’s not a big reason to worry.

However, if your child is older than that, their lisp probably isn’t part of a normal developmental process anymore.

In that case, it’s important to speak with a speech therapist.

Starting early with speech therapy will keep your child from solidifying their bad speech habits.

This means that their speech is easier to correct when they’re younger.

Additionally, if your child experiences tongue thrust , tongue tie , or has an overbite, they’re more likely to have a lisp.

When it comes to tongue thrust and tongue tie, your child might already be seeing a speech therapist.

If your child is prone to frequent upper respiratory illnesses , this can also cause them to speak with a lisp.

This is because your child will be used to breathing through their mouth, which can influence the development of their speech.

How Can A Speech Therapist Help?

First, your child’s speech therapist will identify what type of lisp your child has by watching and listening to them speak.

Once the type of lisp is established, your child’s speech therapist can work to correct it.

Your child’s speech therapist will help your child by teaching them the correct tongue placement when they speak.

They’ll also work with your child on jaw and teeth placement.

This might be in the form of exercises or games.

They’ll also be able to provide you with resources for supporting your child’s speech at home.

How Old Should Your Child Be To Get Treatment For Lisp?

Because a lisp can be a normal part of a child’s development, it doesn’t need to be addressed right away.

However, if your child is still experiencing a lisp past age 5, treatment may be a good idea.

Ideally, your child should see a speech therapist before the age of 6.

This keeps them from solidifying any bad habits and makes it easier to correct their lisp.

Book Your Appointment With Sol Speech And Language Therapy Today

If your child has a lisp and you’re unsure where to start, we can help.

At Sol Speech and Language Therapy, our licensed therapists are experienced in working with children to correct and overcome their speech issues.

Book your appointment with Sol Speech And Language Therapy today.

Sol Speech & Language Therapy offers personalized skilled intervention to those struggling with their speech and language skills. Services offered include screening, consultation, and comprehensive evaluation. We also provide one-on-one and/or group therapy for speech sound disorders, receptive/expressive language delay/disorder, stuttering/cluttering, accent reduction, and much more.