energy crisis in pakistan essay 100 words

Energy Crisis in Pakistan Proposal

Energy is an essential component of the growth and development of the economy. It is due to this fact that all governments in the world strive to ensure that the energy availability within their nations meets their needs and requirements (UKERC, 2012). This is due to the fact that each and every industry within the economy requires energy in one form or anther.

As Ahmad (2009) asserted, energy is the backbone which growth and development are based upon. Industry, agriculture, transportation, education and the service industry all require energy to ensure that all their operations are conducted effectively and efficiently. Therefore, it will be difficult for a nation that is not able to meet its energy requirements to achieve its short term and long-term goals and objectives (Peters, 2010).

In history, man has come up with a lot of discoveries and innovations. This has transformed the manner in which we operate, interact with each other and interact with ourselves. The life that we are currently in highly depends on technology. Therefore technology is the basis on which the worlds economy thrives upon (ElBaradei, 2012).

The origin of modern technology can be traced back to the era of industrial revolution in Europe. It is during this time that a lot of discoveries and advancement were made in the field of industry. During this period, man came up with a variety of machines and mechanisms that replaced the human effort in the process of production in terms of labour.

These machines were more effective and efficient and hence, the process of production was enhanced. It is due to this fact that goods were produced more cheaply in bulk in order to meet the market demand. As a result of high efficiency in production and reported high sales, economic growth was experienced. The standards of living of people have been improved and the GDP of nations also increased (ElBaradei, 2012).

However, in the process of industrial revolution, a key ingredient was responsible for the success that was being experienced at that time. This was energy. The availability of energy was and still is an essential ingredient of the production process. From this realisation, man has always strived to come up with cheaper and better alternative sources of energy.

A lot of money is spent on research and development programs in a bid to come up with cheaper, better and safer sources of energy (Iqbal, 2012). During the industrial revolution, the most common source of energy was coal. However, with advancements in technology, other sources of energy have been realised.

At the present moment, the most common source of energy that is used in the world is electricity (Iqbal, 2012). However, due to its demand, the availability of this form of energy has been declining over the last decade.

Pakistan is one of the nations that has been experiencing power shortages. For the last several decades, the country has been experiencing oil, gas and electricity shortages. All the regimes that have come to power have always promised to come up with a solution to this predicament.

In the process, these governments have come up with policies and plans to end the energy crisis in the nation but none of these goals or objectives have ever been realised. However, this situation has become worse within the last four years. This has mainly been triggered by the changing weather patterns in the globe and the rise in global oil prices.

At the same time, the situation has been made worse during this period that Musharraf is in office (Ahmad, 2009). Several allegations have been linked to this government in terms of misappropriation of public funds and corruption (Ahmad, 2009). As a result, it has been difficult for the nation to meet its short term and long-term goals and objectives.

It is due to this fact that the nation has been unable to meet its power demands and more importantly being unable to enhance its electricity production activities. Therefore, the nation has been experiencing massive blackouts. This situation has become even worse within the last four years. The increase in population and the rising level of urbanization have made the situation to become even worse (Ahmad, 2009).

This has made the nation unable to meet its ever-increasing demand for electricity. As a result, it is common for urban areas to experience blackouts for more than 8 hours a day (Ahmad, 2011). The situation is even worse in rural areas since power blackouts last between 12-16 hours in a day.

In recent years, violent protests have emerged as a result of retaliation to the power crisis that the nation is experiencing. In 2010, violent protests emerged in several parts of the nation, especially major cities of Pakistan in retaliation to the power blackouts and insufficient availability of energy in the nation (Ahmad, 2011). These violent acts led to arsons and looting in the regions that were affected.

Despite of these acts, the government has still been reluctant in improving the situation. This resulted into the reoccurrence of similar situations in 2011 (Ahmad, 2011). At the same time, several business entities have been shut down due to this predicament.

As Ahmad (2011) asserted, due to the unavailability of power during business operating hours of the say, small and medium scale businesses in major cities have found it hard to keep their operations going due to the lack of electricity.

Most of these businesses that have been shut down are in the service industry that relies mainly on power for their operations (Davis, 2011). This has left thousands of people jobless; a heavy blow towards achieving economic sustainability.

According to Ahmad (2009), by 2009, Pakistan had a power deficit of approximately 3,500 mega watts (MW). On the other hand, industries that have been shut down accounted for approximately 1,500 to 2,000 MW. Therefore, the total power deficit that the nation was experiencing as per 2009 was around 5,000 MW.

According to analysts, this figure was expected to rise in the coming years if the government do not take corrective measures to resolve the situation. As per the present moment, the ministry of Water and Energy and the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources has not come up with means through which electricity production within the nation can be boosted.

Therefore, the situation is expected to become even worse given the fact that the prices on oil have always been rising. At the same time, weather patterns have been changing due to global warming. As a result, there has been reduction in rainfall and prolonged dry season. This has resulted in the decline of water in dams where hydroelectric power is being generated within the nation (Zimmerman, 2010).

In order to determine the welfare of people within a community, one of the indicators that analysts use is energy consumption (Ahmad, 2009). The energy consumption per capita is the index that is used to give the required results of such a study with regards to the constrain at hand.

The energy consumption in Malaysia is approximated to be 104MMBtu. At the same time, the energy consumption of Iran is 106MMBtu. The average of Europes electricity consumption as per 2009 was 170MMBtu. During the same year, the words electricity consumption was at 68MMBtu. However, for 2009, the power consumption of Pakistan was at 15MMBtu (Ahmad, 2009).

This made the nation to be ranked among the lowest in the world. Therefore, according to Ahmad (2009), for Pakistan to ensure that it copes with its ever-increasing energy demands, it needs to increase its electrical power output by at least 50% during its short-term period of 2012-2020.

Therefore, for Pakistan to ensure that its economic growth is guaranteed, it needs to ensure that the availability of energy is capable of meeting its mixed demand within the nation. In Pakistan, electricity is mainly used for three major purposes; industrial, commercial and domestic (Ahmad, 2009).

The government is thus expected to come up with sustainable solutions that will ensure that power is available to all these users at an affordable price range (Ahmad, 2009). At the same time, the government needs to ensure that not only the process of power production will be increased but the entire supply and distribution of the resource will be well maintained.

Currently, the major source of electricity in Pakistan is from hydel power. According to (Ahmad, 2009), this is the most economical form that electricity can be generated from in Pakistan. Hydroelectric power is also another alternative. However, given the changing weather patterns and the fact that water levels fluctuate between summer and winter, hydroelectric power production in Pakistan had been reduced by 70% by 2009.

It is due to this fact that the nation is in dire need for an alternative source of power in order to meet its ever-rising demand of power for domestic, commercial and industrial uses (Ahmad, 2009). One of the proposed sources of electrical energy in Pakistan has been from wind power. This source of energy has been advocated for since it is relatively easier to harness.

At the same time, this source of energy is deemed to be environmentally friendly since it does not have any adverse effects on man and the environment in terms of pollution (Ahmad, 2009). These factors have made many people to believe that wind energy is one of the most sustainable sources of electricity in the nation and hence one of the key solutions that should be used to alleviate the energy crisis that the nation is in.

However, from an economical point of view, the costs incurred in producing electricity using this option is much higher as compared to hydel power. While the cost of hydel power is at 6 cents per kWh (kilowatt-hour), the cost of wind energy is estimated to be around 13 cents per kilowatt hour (Ahmad, 2009).

This ideally makes wind energy not the best solution to the current situation. However, despite the fact that wind energy might be an expensive option, it should not be ruled out as a source of alternative energy in the nation since it may be sustainable in the long run given the fact that technological advancement may increase the efficiency of wind power production and reduce the costs at the same time.

Therefore, to ensure that the nation is able to meet its power demands, it is essential for Pakistan to re-check its power mix status. At the present moment, natural gas is the main source that is used to generate electricity in Pakistan at 47%. It is followed by oil at 31%. Hydroelectricity and coal stand at 11% and 10% respectively. Nuclear power forms the lowest proportion as it only accounts for 1.2% (Ahmad, 2009).

The government has always been in talks to revive the energy sector of the nation. Despite the fact that none of the strategies that it has come up with has been implemented, the nations hopes are still held up high by the 2030 energy plan of Pakistan (Ahmad, 2009). According to this plan, the power output of the nation is expected to be increased by more than 60%.

The proposed power mix of this plan in terms of generation of electricity will focus more on the use of coal to replace gas. According to this power mix, the use of coal to produce electricity will be increased by 30% while the use of gas shall decline from 47% to 35%.

At the same time, hydroelectric production is expected to rise to 20% while nuclear power production shall be boosted to 3%. The use of oil shall be reduced to 10%. If effected, this power plan will be effective in ensuring that Pakistan is able to meet its energy requirements.

Ahmad, M. 2009, Pakistan energy crisis. Web.

Ahmad, K. 2011, Energy shortage deepens crisis in Pakistan. Web.

Davis, D. 2011, Alternative Source of Energy , Sage, New York

ElBaradei, M. 2012, Tackling the global energy crisis. Web.

Iqbal, S. 2012, energy crisis causes and remedies. Web.

Peters, S. 2010, Sustainable use of resources, Sage, London

UKERC 2012, Energy demand. Web.

Zimmerman, S. 2010, ‘Nuclear Power: The Way Forward’, The Bell Journal of Economics, vol. 1 no. 4, pp. 16-31

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2. Pakistan’s Energy Sector 2.1 Energy Supply 2.2 Energy Consumption

3.1 Non-renewable resources (Fossil fuels)

Petroleum products b). Natural Gas c). Coal

3.2 Renewable Resources a). Hydro power

o Current Hydropower stations o Potential Hydropower stations

3.3 Alternative Energy Sources a). Wind b). Solar c). Agricultural biomass /biodiesel d). Tidal

4.1 Growing Energy Demand 4.2 Lack of proactive and integrated planning for production of energy 4.3 Imbalanced energy mix 4.4 Non-utilization of enormous indigenous energy resources a). Thar Coal b). Hydal power generation

5.1 Economic Factors 5.2 Agriculture Sector 5.3 Industrial Sector 5.4 Unemployment 5.5 Social Issues 5.6 Poverty

7.1 Judicious energy use/saving unecessary energy usage o electricity saving devices o Awareness campaign for energy saving o Reduction in unnecessary transportations o Installation of effective equipment/energy efficient in industries o Decreasing line/transmission losses

7.2 Developing new energy resources o Tapping indigenous resources o Using renewable resources (water) by constructing new dams and hydro power plants o Import of natural gas o Utilizing alternative energy resources

 Wind power  Biodiesel /Biomass  Solar  Tidal

o Enhancing civilian nuclear capacity

a). Petroleum products:

b). Natural Gas:

a). Hydro power:

Current Hydropower stations :

Tarbella Dam : 3,478 MW Ghazi Brotha: 1450 MW Mangla 1,000 MW Warsak 240 MW Chashma 184 MW

Potential Hydropower stations: Diamer-Bhasha Dam 4500 MW Munda Dam – Swat river in Mohamand Agency 740 MW Kalabagh Dam 2400-3600 MW Bunji Dam 5400 MW Dasu Dam 3800 MW

b). Solar :

c). Agricultural biomass /biodiesel :

3.4 Nuclear:

Pakistan Nuclear Power Reactors

Reactor Type MW Construction started Commercial operation Karachi PHWR 125 1966 1972 Chashma 1 PWR 300 1993 2000 Chashma 2 PWR 300 2005 expected 2011 Total 425 MW

* Pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) - Canadian based reactors ** Pressurized water reactor (PWR) – Chinese based reactors

• Growing Energy Demand

• increase in population, • enhancement in lifestyle • industrial and agricultural growth • greater transportation needs

• Lack of proactive and integrated planning for production of energy:
• Imbalanced energy energy mix
• Non-utilization of enormous indigenous energy resources:

o Thar Coal:  Pakistan is having one of the largest coal fields in Thar, having reserves of more than 175 billion tones, which exceeds equivalent oil reserves of Saudi Arabia, Iran etc.  In addition to power generation, this coal can be used for chemical and fertilizer production.  Moreover, employment provided to workforce can be instrumental in increasing GDP and economic prosperity to many families.

o Hydal power generation :

 Pakistan has potential of hydro resources to generate 41000 to 45000 MW, however, only 6555 MW is currently being generated by this important renewable resource.  Four large hydro power dams namely Kalabagh 3600 MW, Bhasha 4500 MW, Bunji 5400 MW and Dasu 3800 MW can be constructed to generate hydro electricity.  Similarly, many small to medium hydro plants can be installed on rivers and canals etc.

i). Reducing unnecessary energy use: o Usage of electricity saving devices o Awareness campaign for energy saving o Reduction in unnecessary transportations by developing good public transport systems and strengthening Pakistan railways o Reduction in industrial uses with installation of effective equipment/ energy efficient and with increasing efficiency of workforce (cost effective) o Decreasing reliance on rental power projects, because instead of doing any good, they are increasing prices of electricity. o Decreasing line losses by using efficient power transmission cables

ii). Developing new energy resources :

o Tapping indigenous resources (Thar coal) o Using renewable resources (water) by constructing new dams and hydro power plants o Import of natural gas by IPI (Iran Pakistan India) and TAPI (Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India) pipelines o Import of electricity from Tajikistan -through Pak Afghan Tajikistan transmission- and Iran (approximately 1000 MW from each of them) pipelines

o Utilizing alternative energy resources :

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Energy Crisis in Pakistan: Causes, Ramifications, and Suggestions

• Areeba Fatima
• December 15, 2023
• CSS Essays , CSS Solved Essays

CSS and PMS Solved Essays | Energy Crisis in Pakistan: Causes, Ramifications, and Suggestions

Areeba Fatima , a Sir Syed Kazim Ali student, has attempted the CSS essay “ Energy Crisis in Pakistan: Causes, Ramifications, and Suggestions ” on the given pattern, which Sir  Syed Kazim Ali  teaches his students. Sir Syed Kazim Ali has been Pakistan’s top English writing and CSS, PMS essay and precis coach with the highest success rate of his students. The essay is uploaded to help other competitive aspirants learn and practice essay writing techniques and patterns to qualify for the essay paper.

1-Introduction

2- Energy profile of Pakistan

• ✓According to the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority’s (NEPRA) 2021 yearly report, Pakistan’s total installed power generation capacity is 39772 MW.

 3-Overview of current situation of energy crisis in Pakistan 

• ✓7-8 hours of load shedding
• ✓Shortage of about 8,500 megawatts (MW)

4-Repercussions of energy crisis on Pakistan

• ✓ Lowering economic growth
• Case in point: According to some estimates, energy shortages have cost the country up to 4% of GDP over the past few years.
• ✓ Rising spike of unemployment
• Case in point: According to the International Monetary Fund, the unemployment ratio of Pakistan has increased to 6.5 per cent in the fiscal year 2023.
• ✓ Increasing load shedding 
• Case in point: Electricity shortfalls reached a peak of 8,500 megawatts (MW)—more than 40% of national demand.
• ✓ Reducing foreign investment
• Case in point: According to the State Bank of Pakistan, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in 2023 experienced a 25 % decline compared to the previous year
• ✓ Increasing dependence on imports
• Case in point : According to the Pakistan’s ministry of energy and the Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority, energy-deficit Pakistan imports approximately 430,000 metric ton (mt) of motor gasoline, 200,000 mt diesel and 650,000 mt crude oil at a cost of $1.3 billion/month

5- Root causes behind the energy crisis in Pakistan

• ✓ Prevailing governance crisis
• Case in point: According to the World Bank, governance crisis is the third most significant factor responsible for Pakistan’s energy crisis. 
• ✓ Burgeoning circular debt
• Case in point: According to the National Bureau of Asian Research (NBR), the circular debt of Pakistan has approached a whopping $4.5 billion.
• ✓ Increasing transmission loses
• Case in point: According to the current estimates, there is about 45 per cent transmission and distribution loss of electricity in Pakistan.
• ✓ Escalating power theft
• Case in point: According to the government estimates, electricity theft cost the country 500 billion Pakistani rupees over the past 15 months.
• ✓ Soaring fuel shortages
• Case in point: According to the Oil Companies Advisory Council (OCAC), delays in the opening of LCs will lead to a fuel shortage in Pakistan and it can face severe liquidity issues in future.

6- Countering measures to control the energy crisis of Pakistan  

• ✓To introduce governance reforms for the maintenance of energy sector 
• ✓To introduce streamline payment system to monitor circular debt
• ✓To restructure transmission system to mitigate loss
• ✓To shift from non-renewable energy resources to renewable one
• ✓To reduce power theft through structural reforms
• ✓To increase energy conservation by promoting energy efficient appliances

7-Critical analysis

8-Conclusion

A country’s energy sector is indubitably a hub that fuels its social growth and economic development. However, the energy crisis- a multifaceted problem- has become an anathema for developing countries around the globe, robbing their socio-economic peace. Sad to relate, Pakistan, a fiscally fragile country, has also faced an energy shortfall over the last twenty years due to the failure of government policies. Sadly, the overarching energy crisis has pushed the country into a swamp of issues, such as unemployment, load shedding, and decelerated economic growth. All these problems are deeply rooted in governance shortfall, burgeoning circular debt, archaic methods of energy transformation, and lack of integrated energy policies. Thus, the government and policymakers need to adopt sensible and pragmatic steps to construct the broader picture of the energy sector. For instance, Pakistan should better diversify its energy mix, restructure transmission systems, and introduce sustainable technology to monitor loss. Furthermore, renewable energy sources, like wind turbines and hydropower, can save the country from falling into the pits of energy doom. This essay briefly discusses the overarching impacts of the energy crisis and its leading causes and sheds light on remedial measures to meet the challenge.

      Understanding the importance of energy for a country, it is considered the jugular vein of economic development of a country as it is widely utilized for production and development in both industrial and agricultural sectors.  According to the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority’s (NEPRA) 2021 yearly report, Pakistan’s total installed power generation capacity is 39772 MW, where 63% of energy comes from thermal (fossil fuels), 25% from hydro, and 5.4% from renewable (Wind, Solar and Biomass) and 6.5% from nuclear energy resources.  The report shows the importance of energy for the growth and progression of the country. Due to this, the government has always focused on broadening its fiscal capacity to provide subsidies necessary to supply electricity to the citizens at a price that consumers can afford, which is essential for the well-being of society.  

      At present,  thelingering energy crisis has pushed Pakistan into the vortex of socio-economic evils. The country’s generating capacity falls below demand, and its available domestic energy supplies are dwindling, making it unable to meet burgeoning energy demands. Moreover, Russia-Ukraine conflict has dented the energy crisis in Pakistan, wildly inflating the supply of crude oil and gas from Russia.  According to the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), the war has directly contributed 8-9 per cent to the current inflation rate in Pakistan as the prices of oil commodities shoot up in the global market.  Furthermore, 7-8 hours of load shedding in the country, the substantially inflated energy import bill, and the increased cost of production have triggered acute inflationary pressure on the country.

     Furthermore, the aftereffects of the energy crisis are harrowing and have impacted the country’s citizens in every walk of life. To elaborate, the dismal state of Pakistan’s energy crisis has curbed economic development, pushing the country into an economic decline. Moreover, the non-availability of coal, oil, and gas has also severely affected agricultural productivity, which has a significant share in its Gross Domestic Product (GDP).  A report states, “The energy shortages in the country have cost it up to 4% of GDP over the past few years . ” Due to the energy shock, production costs have increased while production capacity has decreased, causing Pakistan to face the lowest ebb of economic growth. 

      Moving ahead, the energy crisis has also stipulated the closure of hundreds of factories, including more than fifteen hundred alone in the industrial hub province of Punjab. It has paralyzed production and exacerbated unemployment. To illustrate, unemployment is a structural issue which remains a significant hindrance to inclusive growth in the country . Additionally, it imperils much-needed investments in development and infrastructure.  According to the International Monetary Fund, Pakistan’s unemployment ratio has increased to 6.5 per cent in the fiscal year 2023.  Thus, it depicts that the energy crisis has become one of the gravest challenges for employment opportunities in the country.

      In the same way, unannounced load-shedding has discouraged the industrialists and decreased the country’s production ratio, causing a severe setback to the rate of exports.  Electricity shortfalls peaked at 8,500 megawatts (MW)—more than 40% of national demand.  Moreover,there are 7-8 hours of load shedding in homes and 1-2 hours of load-shedding in Pakistan’s industries. The cottage industry has also fallen victim to the uneven electricity schedules. In this way, the country has considerably constrained the flight of foreign capital. For this reason, Pakistan is facing an exacerbated export loss, which, in turn, makes it an economically free country. 

      Further, for a country suffering from the malaise of the energy crisis, Foreign Direct Investment is a blessing in disguise that creates more job opportunities and increases competition in the market. Unfortunately, Pakistan does not fall in the bracket of these countries, as international investors are discouraged by the lack of electricity and other infrastructure.  According to the State Bank of Pakistan, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in 2023 experienced a 25 per cent decline as compared to the last year.  It indicates a significant reduction in international investment, reducing the country’s capital inflow. Thus, a rising spike in the energy crisis has caused Pakistan’s foreign direct investment to decline. 

      Similarly, increasing fuel import demand has been the bone of contention for the country’s economy due to the burgeoning energy crisis.Pakistan has to import high-priced petroleum products, oil, coal, and gas and pay import taxes, pushing it into an economic doom . According to the Pakistan’s Ministry of Energy and the Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority, energy-deficit Pakistan imports approximately 430,000 metric tons of motor gasoline, 200,000 metric tons of diesel, and 650,000 metric tons of crude oil at a monthly cost of $1.3 billion.  Ironically, the energy dilemma has increased Pakistan’s import dependence, pushing it into an economic crisis. 

      Since every problem has a cause, various factors have been responsible for the energy crisis in Pakistan. In particular, governance shortfalls are a crucial challenge for the power sector. As Pakistan’s energy policies come under the purview of several government ministries and agencies. However, coordination among all stakeholders is lacking, clear lines of authority are absent, and energy policies are partially implemented, making Pakistan vulnerable to energy disparity.  According to the World Bank, the governance crisis is the third most significant factor responsible for Pakistan’s energy crisis.  The energy sector in Pakistan is at the mercy of bureaucratic interests and ministerial benefits, creating a looming risk of energy recession. 

      Going down the ladder, circular debtis also a significant contributor to the vicious cycle of energy crisis. Subsidies and tariff disparities have been the primary reasons behind the cascade of circular debt. The subsidies’ payment went unpaid, making energy companies unable to pay fuel suppliers, curtailing the fuel supply and reducing generating capacity. Briefly, the revenue cost mismatch has pushed Pakistan into circular debt.  According to the National Bureau of Asian Research (NBR), Pakistan’s circular debt has reached $4.5 billion.  The government’s efforts to shield citizens from soaring expenses have inadvertently strained the financial health of Pakistan’s energy sector. 

      Likewise, the operational bottleneck of transmission loss, theft, and archaic infrastructure has also challenged the energy sector. Transmission lines connect generation plants and substations in the power sector, and there is a significant loss in energy before it reaches consumers owing to outdated infrastructure and poor technology.  According to the current estimates, there is about 45 per cent transmission and distribution loss of electricity in Pakistan.  These inefficiencies inflate the cost of electricity production, which can’t be met through consumers’ taxes and tariffs. Due to these inept transmission systems and transmission losses, Pakistan faces an energy dilemma.

      Similarly, another factor serving as the bottleneck to Pakistan’s energy security is uncontrolled and mushrooming power theft. Moreover, illegal power theft continues to plague the nation, with up to 17 hours of load shedding daily, creating chaos and dissatisfaction nationwide.  According to government estimates, electricity theft has cost the country 500 billion Pakistani rupees over the past 15 months.  Thus, power theft, such as meter tampering, physical destruction of energy meters, and illegal connection, has badly undermined Pakistan’s energy security.

      Lastly, the soaring fuel shortage due to high prices has also rubbed salt in Pakistan’s energy wounds. Moreover, the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) has stopped financing and facilitating import payments due to the depletion of foreign exchange reserves.  According to the Oil Companies Advisory Council (OCAC), delays in opening LCs will lead to a fuel shortage in Pakistan, and the country can face severe liquidity issues in the future.  Pakistan meets one-third of its energy demand using imported natural gas, and the delay in its import can cause severe setbacks to the energy sector. Hence, fuel shortages in the country have inflamed the energy crisis,which makes it reel behind energy security.

      Although the energy crisis has overshadowed all other concerns, it is not an issue without a solution. Pakistan can overcome the malice of the energy crisis by adopting holistic and integrated measures. In other words, a better-coordinated energy sector can be attained by consolidating the country’s many energy-related institutions into a single ministry. Moreover, governance reforms and privatization can also help mitigate the energy crisis. For instance,  Norway- a politically stabilized country- has a sound governance system that ensures its energy security in the region, making it economically stabilized.  Pakistan can also meet rising energy demands by avoiding bureaucratic hurdles and providing governance reforms.

      Moreover, implementing streamlined payment systems can significantly alleviate the circular debt. The government should also enforce penalties for payment defaults that can release its debt burden and prevent the domino effect of non-payments throughout the supply chain.  Russia has an estimated low level of national debt, ranking it among the economic first-world powers.  Pakistan should also focus on transparent and efficient regulatory mechanisms to prevent the escalation of the national debt. 

      Next, there is a dire need to update transmission lines and infrastructure to reduce energy losses during transmission. It can be done by using higher transmission voltages and increasing the wire sizes of transmission lines. However, it requires huge investment to increase the efficiency of transmission lines to reduce operational inefficiencies. However, once the transmission loss is cured, it will help the country mitigate transmission and distribution losses in the long term. For this reason, Pakistan has to get support from developed countries.  Pakistan has signed a project with Iran to lay the transmission lines from the Pakistan-Iran border up to Quetta.  Iran has shown its willingness to provide USD 900 million for the project. 

      Similarly, Pakistan should swiftly shift from expensive oil and gas power plants towards cheap and renewable energy resources. Using renewable energy resources- wind turbines, solar energy, and hydropower- can mitigate the energy production cost . China is the global renewable energy leader, harnessing nearly half of the world’s total operating wind and solar capacity . It has diversified the country’s energy mix and reduced its dependence on energy fuels, boosting economic development. Thus, energy costs can be mitigated by replacing energy resources, and Pakistan can escape the energy dilemma.

      Besides, immediate action and reforms are imperative to rectify the illegal power theft and safeguard the nation’s resources. To mitigate the crime, Pakistan should introduce a more advanced metering system with improved efficiency and modern infrastructure. Moreover, there is a need to exhibit an unyielding stance against power theft . In the United States of America, punishment for electricity theft can attract a fine of $150,000 and five years of imprisonment.  Therefore, Pakistan should also take robust and punitive measures to send a strong message to thieves and curb the menace. 

      Finally, Pakistan should also take holistic measures for energy conservation to mitigate the energy crisis. Using energy-efficient appliances and buildings, turning off appliances when not in use, and harnessing renewable energy resources can help Pakistan guard against the shocks of the energy crisis.  The   Netherlands, a European country, has imposed high taxes and tariffs on electricity and natural gas that made citizens reduce energy usage and conserve more energy for a better future.  Thus, it is crucial to recognize that saving energy is the most significant catalyst for minimizing the energy crisis.

      In a critical overview, energy is considered the foundation stone of the economic development of a country, and the energy crisis deprives the government of a financial future. It has also halted Pakistan’s socio-economic development owing to a lack of integrated national policies, good governance, and modern infrastructure. Consequently, the country faces a cascade of circular debt, increased inflation, and economic disparity. In brief, the energy crisis has made Pakistan march towards economic doom and threat of default. 

      In conclusion, the energy crisis has become a pressing issue for Pakistan. It has robbed millions of a bright future and placed the country in the economic doldrums. It is the need of the hour to meet the burgeoning energy demands, which can stimulate socio-economic growth and development. Moreover, importing clean coal, cheaper than imported oil and gas, can also help mitigate the overarching energy crisis. Henceforth, Pakistan can ensure its energy security by exploring alternative energy sources and addressing governance issues.   

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Energy Crisis in Pakistan Essay

In this essay we discuss about the Energy Crisis in Pakistan . We also discuss how to solve energy crisis in pakistan.

Pakistan has been facing a lot of problems with its energy supply for a long time, which makes it hard for the country to grow its economy and improve its society1. This crisis affects both the country’s weak economy and its unstable security situation.

The energy problems in Pakistan are very serious and complicated, and they have more to do with the lack of good governance and political commitment than with the lack of energy sources. The government does not have a clear and unified plan for managing its energy sector, which leads to conflicts and confusion among different agencies. The government also does not have enough money to invest in energy production and infrastructure, because the economy is not doing well and many people do not pay their taxes.

Furthermore, the leaders are not willing to make unpopular changes to solve the problem. Therefore, to fix Pakistan’s energy crisis, the government needs to show more political will, get more funding, and find new ways to generate energy.

There are some possible solutions to this crisis. For example, Pakistan should merge its many energy-related institutions into one ministry to make its energy sector more organized and efficient. A quick solution could be to ask for a new loan from the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Tax reform is also very important and should aim to give the government more money to deal with the energy crisis. Pakistan can also improve its energy mix by importing clean coal, which is usually cheaper than imported oil and gas.

However, the government should not ignore the local energy solutions. The Pakistani government should look into the Thar coalfields and other alternative energy sources, among other options.

Energy Crisis Essay 150 Words

Energy crisis is a situation where the demand for energy exceeds the supply of energy. It can have negative impacts on the economy, society and environment of a country. Energy crisis can be caused by various factors, such as population growth, industrialization, urbanization, natural disasters, wars, political instability, corruption, mismanagement, etc.

Pakistan is one of the countries that is facing a severe energy crisis. Pakistan has a lot of natural resources, such as oil, gas, coal, hydropower, solar, wind, etc. However, these resources are not used efficiently and effectively. Pakistan has a low electricity generation capacity, a high transmission and distribution losses, a poor maintenance of power plants, a lack of investment in the energy sector, a high dependence on imported oil and gas, a low tax collection, a high energy theft, etc.

The energy crisis in Pakistan has affected the lives of millions of people. It has caused frequent and long power outages, gas load shedding, high energy prices, low industrial output, unemployment, poverty, inflation, social unrest, environmental degradation, etc. The energy crisis has also hampered the economic growth and development of the country.

How to solve energy crisis in pakistan

To overcome the energy crisis, Pakistan needs to take urgent and effective measures. Some of the possible solutions are:

• To improve the governance and management of the energy sector
• To increase the energy production and diversification
• To reduce the energy consumption and wastage
• To promote the use of renewable and alternative energy sources
• To reform the energy pricing and taxation system
• To attract more investment and innovation in the energy sector
• To cooperate with regional and international partners for energy security

Energy crisis is a serious challenge for Pakistan. It requires a comprehensive and integrated approach from the government and the society. It is important for the country to ensure a sustainable and affordable energy supply for its present and future generations.

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Table of Contents

Energy Crisis in Pakistan Essay CSS

Energy Crisis in Pakistan Essay CSS. Energy Resources in Pakistan. Causes Of Energy Crisis in Pakistan. Pakistan’s Energy Problems And Their Effects. Energy Crisis in Pakistan Essay CSS .

Note: CSS aspirants are advised to please not use headings in the essay paper. We have used headings here to help you understand the essay “ Energy Crisis in Pakistan Essay CSS ” easily.

It is without exaggeration and beyond the doubt that energy has become one of the most significant needs of the human being. The utility of energy has greatly evolved over the last century. The whole range of human activities including dwelling, trade and commerce, industry, transportation and agriculture has mostly become depended on energy. Globally, energy prosperity has become very crucial to overcome fundamental social problems such as poverty, hunger, disease and illiteracy.  The growing human reliance on energy has been paralleled by a string of challenges that are both local and global in nature. It is increasingly understood that ensuring availability of sufficient, affordable and environmentally friendly energy is one of the major challenges faced by the world in twenty first century.

Pakistan is one of the most populous, geographically and strategically important countries situated in South Asia. The energy supply base of Pakistan consists of two major segments i.e. commercial and non-commercial. At the time of independence in 1947, the proportion of energy received through commercial channels is reported to be equivalent to about 1.2 million tone oil. For the total population of about 33 million, the installed electricity generating capacity was 50 MW. The major consuming sectors such as industrial, transport, domestic agriculture and commercial had very little reliance on commodity. Particularly the industrial sector was almost non-existent and motorized travelling was not very common. At present the non-commercial base makes up a considerably a large proportion of the total supplies in the country.

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Energy Resources in Pakistan

The energy resources being consumed in Pakistan at present are broadly classified into four groups: i. Hydropower ii. Thermal Power iii. Nuclear power and iv. Renewable energy resources

Hydropower is one of the most important and reliable energy resources for Pakistan. This has played a vital role in meeting national electricity requirements in a secure and cost effective manner. In 1947, only two hydropower projects of collectively 10.7 MW existed in Pakistan. After independence hydropower development remained sluggish due to two major factors:

• the water dispute between Pakistan and India and
• Lack of financial resources required to construct large scale dams

With the establishment of Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) in 1958, the installed hydropower capacity grew from 52 MW to 253 MW over a period of two years.  Hydropower currently makes around 32.7% of the total installed power generation capacity in the country.

Solution To Economic Crisis Of Pakistan

Thermal power plants were initially established as a back up to hydropower. Transmission losses have become an important issue over long distances. Thus, thermal power was intended to facilitate the areas difficult to be served by hydropower.

Nuclear power accounts for around 2.3% of the installed capacity in Pakistan. It is controlled by the state owned department Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC). In May 1972, Pakistan’s first nuclear power plant KANUPP was commissioned. The plant operated safely for 30 years and generated 1.7 billion KWH before retiring in December 2002.

Pakistan does not have rich oil and gas reserves. The oil reserves in particular are very limited. After the independence the first major exploratory success was the discovery of the Sui Gas field in 1952. In 1961, the government of Pakistan established the Oil and Gas Development Corporation (OGDC).

Pakistan is amongst the most gas dependent economics of the world. With the discovery of natural gas reserves in 1952, its share in energy supply gradually rose to such an extent that at present it has become the backbone of the national energy base. It contributes to about 48% of the total primary energy supplies.

Causes Of Energy Crisis in Pakistan

The present power crises in Pakistan are self-inflicted problem resulting for years of poor policies and reckless attitude on the part of concerned authorities. The scale of the problems has now almost grown beyond an instant solution. This has happened at a tie when energy is considered to be the backbone of human activities and a vital commodity for the survival of modern economies. 

Some of the major causes of power shortage in Pakistan are:

• Political instability and short term policies.
• Deadlock on major power projects such as Kalabagh hydropower project
• Devaluation of Pakistani rupee
• Economic crises in the country
• Lack of a comprehensive energy policy
• Decreasing gas supply and dependence on oil
• Unrealistic power tariffs (low investments)
• Low payment recovery
• Inefficient revenue collection
• Overpopulation, over usage
• Global price hike of energy resources such as Oil
• Russia-Ukraine conflict effects

Pakistan’s Energy Problems And Their Effects

The acute energy shortfall has many negative implications for the economy of Pakistan. It has;

• Severely damaged industrial sector of the country
• Textile industry couldn’t give its 100% output because of electricity shortfall
• Many small to medium level industries have shut down their business
• Halt the general economic growth of the country
• Gross Domestic Product on decline

The energy problems faced by the country cannot be addressed without fully utilizing its hydropower potential. Pakistan needs to learn lessons from the on-going situation and hydropower development thought the world and particularly in the neighboring countries. Every potential project needs to capitalize to ensure the development of hydropower, wind power, nuclear power and coal reserves and biomass for the national electricity supply mix. Moreover, geographical location, topography and climate conditions of Pakistan are very ideal for exploiting solar energy. On average almost all parts of the country have more than 300 sunshine days’ year. This available level of solar radiation makes the climatic conditions of Pakistan highly favorable for the production of solar energy by exploiting different solar energy applications such as the solar thermal power, solar water heating, solar photovoltaic, solar desalination, solar cooking and solar crop dying.

Tags: Energy Crisis in Pakistan Essay CSS. Energy Resources in Pakistan. Causes Of Energy Crisis in Pakistan. Pakistan’s Energy Problems And Their Effects. Energy Crisis in Pakistan Essay CSS . Energy Crisis in Pakistan Essay CSS . Energy Crisis in Pakistan Essay CSS . Energy Crisis in Pakistan Essay CSS . Energy Crisis in Pakistan Essay CSS .

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Essay on Energy Crisis in Pakistan...

Published by admin on 28th September 2022

Essay on Energy Crisis in Pakistan

It is a fact that Pakistan is the state which is facing problems since its independence and unfortunately failed to find a relevant solution for these problems. One of the major problems of Pakistan is load-shedding, but it has increased for the last two decades. Other Countries of the world are moving towards enlightenment but Pakistan is still in dark. It feels so awkward to hear that Pakistan is an atomic state but couldn’t resolve this issue even in the 21st century.

The major cause of this issue is increasing demand, as the population of the country increasing day by day, it requires more electricity, but the government is failed to fill this gap. According to an estimated calculation published by essay writing service , our country needs 22000-24000 megawatt electricity and this demand is rapidly increasing with time, around 5% per year. Unfortunately, Pakistan is only able to produce not more than 18000-megawatt energy until now. Perhaps, the government claimed to produce more, but the reality is slightly different.

Why Pakistan is not succeeded in resolving this issue? There are several reasons behind it some of them are:

• Rising fuel prices/unavailability of inexpensive fuel:

. There are two sources of electricity, one is natural gas other is imported oil. Oil is always an expensive source for the power producer so they emphasize mainly natural gas, but nowadays they are facing the shortage of natural gas also which decreases the capacity of production. Coal is in abundance in Pakistan but due to the in-expertise, they are not utilizing it correctly. 

• High Electricity Demand:

This is a modern era, we have electronic gadgets all around us, and they are the biggest consumer of electricity. Many of the government building including General Assemblies consume a lot of electricity often do not pay their utility bills.

• Circular Debts:

This problem is not something new in Pakistan; electricity can be stolen anywhere by anyone easily. Although, the subsidy is given by the government to power Supply Company this is not enough for them to recover this major drawback.  At the time 20-30% of electricity is being stolen by the theft and it has become a big challenge to control.

• Lack of formation of new projects:

In the field of technology, Pakistan is lagging behind among most of the other countries of the world. The same issue is with power projects, the government is not interested in information on new projects, which will be an addition to the production. Every elected government mainly focused on a non-development program like a laptop scheme, etc.

Hydropower is one of the most inexpensive sources of producing electricity, but this idea is totally ignored by the current government. In the past, Parvez Musharraf worked on it, but later on, it could not be carried on by the next government. All developed countries including China, America, Germany and even India are producing a huge part of electricity by establishing the hydropower, solar and wind power plant. The government should take initiatives to install these projects in the country; they are cheap, durable and reliable.

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