essay on china rose

China Rose, hibiscus rosa sinensis

China rose , also called Chinese hibiscus or Hawaiian hibiscus , is a symbol of everything exotic.

Key China rose facts

Name – Hibiscus rosa sinensis Family – Malvaceae (mallow family) Type – indoor plant

Height – 1 ⅓ to 5 feet (0.4 to 1.5 meters) (up to 13 feet (4 meters) in their natural environment) Exposure – well-lit Foliage – evergreen if grown indoors

Flowering – March to November

They are plants that boast rare beauty and bloom over an extended period of time. In our latitudes they are mostly grown as indoor plants, however they can be grown outdoors wherever the climate permits, that is, as long as it never freezes outside.

Planting and re-potting of China rose

• Repotting China roses is generally performed in March , before plant growth resumes.
• Choose a pot that is slightly larger than the previous one.
• Place at the bottom of it a bed of gravel or clay beads to ensure drainage.
• Ideally, prepare one part soil mix and one part heath.

If you wish to grow your China roses outdoors , it must not freeze in your area. Growing outdoors is only possible in zones with mild or tropical climates.

• Choose a sun-bathed area, sheltered from stronger winds.
• Plant your China rose in a mix of garden soil, soil mix and heath.

If it freezes in your area , choose a different hibiscus variety, althea or rose mallow .

Propagate China roses through cuttings in spring or summer.

Caring for and pruning China Rose

Your China roses will be all the more beautiful and full of flowers if you prune them at the beginning of spring .

• Prune lightly, focus on remodeling the silhouette delicately in March.

During the growth phase, add flower plant fertilizer to spur vegetation and ensure that your China roses will bloom spectacularly.

Watering China rose

Watering china roses in fall and winter.

When your hibiscus has entered dormancy, start reducing water input to match ambient temperatures.

• The cooler it is, the less water a plant needs.
• Conversely, if temperatures hover around 65°F (18°C), it will be necessary to water more.

Watering China roses in spring and summer

This is the period when water needs are the highest.

• Watering once or twice a week should be enough.
• It is crucial to not drown roots and let the ground dry off before watering again.

Diseases and parasites that attack China rose

China rose leaves start to wither and leaves turn themselves inside-out:

• This is often due to excess heat or exposure to the sun is too strong.
• It may help to place the pot in a basin of soft or non-hard water for a short while and then drain it out.

Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaves are sticky and pasty and little insects invade leaves:

• This is an aphid attack, here is how to fight them .

Flower buds fall off before blooming;

• This is often related to excessive air dryness.
• Avoid setting the plant near a radiator or an overly exposed window.
• Place the pot on a bed of gravel or clay pebbles doused in water.

Leaves are covered with a white cottony felt :

• This is most probably an attack of scale insects, here is how to fight scale insects and treat the plant .

Leaves drop off unexpectedly and suddenly:

• This is connected to excess water. Wait until soil surface is dry before watering again.
• Avoid cold breezes or sudden changes in temperature.

Smart tip about China rose

To boost flower-bearing, remove wilted flowers regularly (deadheading).

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• Photinia planting and care, including the Red Robin
• Lily of the valley, from planting to blooming
• Yellow iris, yellow and water-bound
• Create a natural pond

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China Rose: How To Grow And Care For Rosa Chinensis

Home > China Rose: How To Grow And Care For Rosa Chinensis

Rosa Chinensis or China rose is a popular flowering plant for gardens that is known for its white, pink, and red colored bloom. These semi-double or single blooms give off a sweet fragrance that creates an enchanting display in your gardens.

Just like other varieties of roses, China rose also features thorns or spikes and glossy, dark green leaves. These amazing ornamental plants can beautify your gardens with their vibrant flowers and they are generally easy to grow. So let’s check out some tips on how to grow and care for China roses.

China Rose Care

If provided with the correct growing conditions these plants can grow in a variety of regions easily. China rose can provide an abundance of blooms with minimal care and just a few specific requirements such as full sun exposure.

Moreover, you need to protect your China rose from deer and many plant diseases that commonly affect varieties of roses.

Light Requirements:

China Rose needs full sunlight to thrive and reach its optimal growth. So choose a location that receives at least 6 hours of daily sunlight. However, these plants can survive occasional partial shade.

China Roses can survive in many soil types. However, these plants love loamy, sandy, and well-draining soil that is kept moist consistently. Moreover, China roses can also survive in hard soils as long as the water is drained out. China rose is also tolerable to any soil pH, but loves a neutral pH level from 6.5 to 6.9.

Do not overwater these plants and check if the top few inches of the soil are completely dried out before watering these plants again. Create a routine for watering based on your region, and rainfall, and remember that China roses require more watering during their flowering period.

Temperature and Humidity:

These plants do well in a temperature range of 45℉ to 85℉ and would go dormant if the temperature is not in this range.

Moreover, China roses thrive in moderate humidity levels as high humidity may cause flower petals to stick and it can also lead to moisture-related plant disease.

Fertilization:

Use fertilizers made for roses and apply them before planting your China rose in a well-worked soil mix. Choose a slow-release and light fertilizer so as not to over-fertilize your plants. Use a granular fertilizer instead of a liquid one for your rose as it provides many long-term benefits. Fertilize once every month during the growing season.

Potting and Repotting:

You can grow your China roses either in a pot or in the ground. If you are planning to grow these plants in a pot make sure to select a large one to support the root system Also make sure that the container has drainage holes.

Repot the plant in early spring or late fall as it is dormant in these seasons and only do so when the bush starts to outgrow the container.

China roses only need a little pruning which should be done in the late winter or early spring. If you are keeping your rose as vines you can prune away all the branches other than the main long branch to increase the air circulation.

If grown as a bush or shrub , prune your China rose by cutting off an inch of each stem and removing any dead, wilted, or damaged stem. You also need to prune away spent foliage to prevent any pest infestation.

Common Pests and Diseases:

Some common pests and diseases that affect China roses are-

• Black Spots: This is a common fungal disease caused by high humid levels around the plant. Black spots are easy to identify as they look just like they sound, dark purple or yellow patches that are present on leaves. You can prevent this disease by providing enough air circulation around the plant and keeping the humidity levels in check.
• Powdery Mildew: This is another fungal disease that is caused by insufficient airflow or water. Powdery mildew looks like a white powder-like substance that is spread all over the leaves and other parts of the plant. This disease is prominent in young roses as their roots can’t take up enough water. Improve the air circulation and remove affected foliage to prevent this disease.
• Pests: China roses can be infested by some common houseplant pests such as Aphids, Thrips, and Spider Mites. So regularly check for any symptom of infestation and use natural protectors such as neem oil. Moreover, keep your plants clean and remove any dead foliage. You can also invite insects such as ladybugs into your gardens to keep these pests away and make your garden pollinator-friendly .

Also, read about the Aloe Vera Plant Care .

Common Varieties Of Rosa Chinensis

Rosa Chinensis var. Chinensis:

This variety is famous for its climbing habit and beautiful blooms that come in dark red, white, or pink colors. Furthermore, this variety of China rose is also very resilient.

Rosa Chinensis var. Spontanea:

The flowers of this variety are similar to var. Chinensis but it features small and slightly cupped flowers that bloom in solitary. This variety of China roses also likes to climb on nearby objects for support.

Rosa Chinensis var. Semperflorens Koehne:

This variety is famous for its dark red-colored blooms that are semi-double to double and produced either in a cluster of two or three or single.

Benefits Of China Roses

China rose has many benefits apart from brightening up your gardens with its beautiful blossoms.

Medicinal Purposes:

Many parts of China roses are used for various medicinal purposes. The flower buds improve blood circulation and also ease stomach pain. The leaves, roots, and seeds can help in treating ailments such as arthritis and coughs. The seeds of China rose are also a rich source of vitamin E. Therefore, these can be considered herbal plants .

Culinary Uses:

The flower buds and shoot tips of China rose are served in soups and the fruit of this plant can be eaten raw or cooked. The seeds can be mixed with flour after grinding. However, you need to remove a thin layer of flesh and seed hair before consuming them as they can cause irritation in the mouth and other parts of the digestive tract.

Decorative Purposes:

China roses are widely grown for landscaping due to their beautiful flowers. The vibrant red, white, purple, or pink flowers create an engaging and gorgeous display in gardens.

Also, read Edible Wild Plants that you can forage.

Is China Rose Toxic?

China roses contain some compounds usually found in the hibiscus family which can be mildly poisonous to dogs and cats so they are not pet-friendly plants . However, these plants are safe for human consumption.

Is China Rose Fragrant?

The flowers of Rosa chinensis are mildly aromatic.

How Do I Get My China Rose To Bloom?

You can prune away spent flowers to encourage more flowering. Apply fertilizer on a monthly basis during the growing period and provide the plant with the necessary conditions to grow.

Do China Roses Have Fruits?

Yes, Rosa chinensis features small berry-like fruits called rose hips. And, these fruits are edible.

How Big Are China Roses?

China roses can grow up to 1m to 2m tall. It can grow bigger in its natural habitat.

China roses are ideal plants for some looking for low-maintenance and easy-to-grow blooming plants. With minimal and proper care one can enjoy the sight of these beautiful flowers in their gardens and also use these plants for various medicinal and culinary purposes. So make sure to check out these amazing plants. See also: Low Maintenance Outdoor Plants

Raghav is a talented content writer with a passion to create informative and interesting articles. With a degree in English Literature, Raghav possesses an inquisitive mind and a thirst for learning. Raghav is a fact enthusiast who loves to unearth fascinating facts from a wide range of subjects. He firmly believes that learning is a lifelong journey and he is constantly seeking opportunities to increase his knowledge and discover new facts. So make sure to check out Raghav’s work for a wonderful reading.

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8 China Roses To Beautify Your Garden

China roses are undoubtedly one of the most gorgeous flowers that one can have in their garden. We’re passionate about caring for all rose varieties, which is why we have the answers to your questions.

We understand that introducing any new plant into your garden can be an intimidating task. A new plant means a whole new set of rules that must be followed in order to ensure that plant lives a healthy life.

In order to help you, we’ve done the hard work for you by compiling this list of 8 great China rose varieties and how to successfully care for them .

• 8.     Spice Rose

What Kind of Rose Is A China Rose?

A China rose is a specific species of rose called the Rosa chinensis .

These roses are native to the Southwestern region of China.

The China rose bush is identifiable by its shrub appearance, which forms as hedges or thickets.

The rose itself often has about 5 red/pink petals.

The History Of China Roses

Roses from China changed the world of roses forever when they arrived in Europe.

Before the eighteenth century, the only European rose with any repeat bloom was the Autumn Damask, which bloomed twice each year.

However, when the China roses came to Europe, they brought with them the genes necessary for roses to bloom repeatedly throughout the growing season. This completely changed how Europeans viewed and bred roses.

In addition to their ability to bloom repeatedly, China roses also had other characteristics that were desirable to rose breeders and gardeners.

One of these was that they darkened with age, instead of fading as European roses did.

This broadened the color range of available roses to include shades of yellow and deep crimson that had not been seen before.

The China roses also broadened the range of scents for roses, creating new blends when they hybridized with other types of roses.

All in all, the arrival of China roses in Europe was a game-changer for those who loved and bred these beautiful flowers.

8 China Roses, Types and Care

Roses are one of the most popular flowers in the world, but many gardeners don’t realize that China roses have their own unique characteristics.

Here’s what you need to know about 8 great China rose varieties and how to care for them.

1.     Old Blush Rose

The Old Blush rose was discovered by John Parsons in 1793.

It was introduced in United Kingdom by James Colvill in circa 1795, as ‘Parsons’ Pink China’.

The Old Blush rose has semi-double flowers in a pink color that darkens as it ages.

It is a pink rose that grows in clusters and produces large orange hips when the blossoms are done.

The Old Blush rose is capable of being trained as a short climber , which is p erfect if you have a low fence in your yard .

You will have to initially train your roses to climb.

This can effortlessly be done by fastening the branches of your rose bush to the climbing structure with some gardening tape.

This rose is tolerable of poor soil types, though, for best results, we highly recommend a soil that is fertile, moist, and well-draining.

2.     Cramoisi Supérieur Rose

The Cramoisi Supérieur rose was introduced in France by Jean-Baptiste Paillet in 1834, as ‘Cramoisi Supérieur’.

The Cramoisi Supérieur rose has double blossoms that are rounded and cupped and small, dark green leaves.

If you keep it pruned, the rose will stay small.

The Cramoisi Supérieur rose has a preference for warmer climates. They are hardy to zones 7b through 10b .

In addition, this rose variety is drought tolerant .

Don’t fret over making sure your roses are watered, this rose bush can withstand dry conditions. Just make sure to water as soon as the soil has dried up entirely!

This rose variety does not require a lot of pruning, unlike some other varieties of rose.

In fact, you can opt to not prune your Cramoisi Superieur bushes at all!

Regardless, we always recommend pruning any foliage that is damaged.

3.     Louis Philippe Rose

Louis Philippe rose was bred by Félix Guérin in France, before 1834.

This rose is a favorite of Texans because it was collected by Lorenzo de Zavala and planted at his home in Texas, in 1834.

The Louis Philippe rose enjoys warm climates, being hardy to zones 7 through 11 .

In addition, this rose variety is perfect for gardeners who live in subtropical, humid climates.

This rose variety is tolerable of neglect – and can often be found growing wild long after the original planter has stopped caring for them.

If you’re a gardener who is frequently out of town, the Louis Philippe rose will allow you to have a free schedule without worrying about intensive rose maintenance.

4.     Archduke Charles Rose

Archduke Charles rose was bred by Dubourg in France, in 1825.

It was introduced in France by Jean Laffay in circa 1825, as ‘Archduke Charles’.

The color of the Archduke Charles changes as the flower matures.

In its early stages, the rose is a combination of red outer petals with a pink center. Later on, the rose eventually transforms into a uniform crimson.

The speed at which this rose changes colors is dependent on the intensity of sunlight it receives.

A hotter, more intense sun will cause the color to unify at a faster rate; whereas less heat and less sun will slow down the process, allowing you to enjoy your bi-colored blooms for longer.

The roses bloom almost constantly, and the bush is very compact and easy to maintain .

It is almost a thornless rose.

The Archduke Charles rose tolerates a wide range of soil types and pH levels (ranging from 5.6 to 7.8).

Though you will find that your rose bush grows best in a soil that is rich in fertile matter and well-draining, yet still moisture retentive.

5.     Mutabilis Rose

Mutabilis rose was introduced in Switzerland by Établissement horticole “Floraire” H. Correvon in 1934, as ‘Mutabilis’.

Mutabilis means “change,” and this rose is living proof of China’s ability to change and darken as it ages.

Begins as a yellow rose bush , then changes to an orangey-pink and finally to crimson.

The Mutabilis rose requires a significant amount of spacing in between individual bushes .

Properly spacing your plants will allow the roots to grow uninterrupted, helping your rose bushes reach their full potential.

We recommend spacing your Mutabilis rose bushes 8 feet apart from one another.

When first transplanting your rose bushes, it is important to maintain an even level of moisture throughout; doing so helps mitigate the risk of your bushes experiencing transplant shock.

After the first month, you can lighten up your watering schedule.

We recommend watering when the first few inches of soil have dried up.

6.     Ducher Rose

Ducher rose was bred by Claude Ducher in France, before 1859.

Ducher rose is known as the only white China rose.

It is almost thornless which makes it the perfect choice for containers .

The Ducher rose is preferable to moderately warm climates, being hardy to zones 7 through 9 .

If you live outside of these zones, you can also grow your Ducher roses in a large pot. Growing in a container is especially convenient because it allows gardeners to move the pot to hotter/colder locations, depending on the weather.

To help prevent diseases associated with rose bushes, we recommend maintaining good air circulation for your Ducher rose.

You can do this by spacing your roses 6 feet apart from one another.

In addition, water your plants at the base of the bush, do your best to avoid overhead watering altogether.

Overhead watering is one of the leading causes of mildew and fungal-based diseases.

7.     Martha Gonzales Rose

Martha Gonzales rose was bred by Jean Laffay in France, before 1829.

Martha Gonzales rose has brilliant single red flowers and it tends to remain a small bush.

It is perfect for a low hedge, container, or border .

Not only is this rose bush comfortable living in the full sun, but the Martha Gonzales also rose grows perfectly fine under partial shade conditions as well.

This rose is a perfect match if your home is situated in either a location that does not receive a lot of light or a location that receives nothing but sunlight!

Your rose bushes will grow best in a soil that is fertile, well-draining, and moisture-retentive.

A few weeks prior to transplanting your roses, work in some organic compost or manure. This will give your roses a boost of nutritional value to encourage vigorous growth.

8.     Spice Rose

Spice rose dates from before 1840.

The Spice rose is a drought-toleran t rose variety that has a preference to moderately warm climates.

This variety of rose can grow very easily with little intervention, which makes them the perfect choice for gardeners who are just getting into rose bushes .

Due to their long stems, we highly recommend cutting these flowers for vases or floral arrangements!

For both newcomers and seasoned gardeners, rose bushes might be an intimidating plant to care for.

We’re here to tell you that this is simply not the case. These 8 China rose varieties are not only incredibly beautiful, but they are easy to care for as well.

With the right resources and a little patience, you can tackle any plant that you bring into your garden.

Here are other types of roses you may like:

• Rugosa Roses: Varieties, Care, And More
• Damask Rose: Everything You Need To Know
• Tea Roses – The Ultimate Guide
• Best Grandiflora Roses For Cut Flowers

Recommended

Floribunda Roses That Will Grow Well In Pots

8 Shrub Roses That Will Grow Well In Pots

10 Best Groundcover Roses and Care Must-Knows

China Rose (Rosa Chinensis): Cultivars, Medicinal Uses & Recipes

As the name suggests, this compact-growing plant species is a native flora of China. Although often cultivated as a shrub, this beautiful wild rose can grow up to 10 feet and 6 feet wide. On these occasions, it’s known as a climber.

The continuous spring-to-frost bloom and unique quality of its flowers makes this a plant you’ll want to learn about, so don’t go anywhere.

Rosa Chinensis Common Names

Rosa chinensis is the scientific name of the commonly known China rose. You may also see this plant type referred to by other common names , such as:

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• Chinese rose
• Bengal rose
• Rosa indica
• Rosa x odorata
• Slater’s Crimson China
• 月季; pinyin: yuèjì (Chinese translations)

Other synonyms can also include:

• Tea rose ‘Mutabilis’
• Rosa ‘Tipo Ideale’
• Rosa ‘Mutabilis’

Why is it Called China rose?

The name “China rose” is derived from the plant’s place of origin and historical association with China.

Is China rose and hibiscus the same?

No, China rose and hibiscus are not the same ; they are two different plants that belong to separate plant families and genera.

China rose is a type of rose within the Rosaceae family, and hibiscus belongs to the Malvaceae family.

What color does Rosa chinensis come in?

Rosa chinensis is a small shrub with easily identifiable, cupped semi-double flowers. The stems are entirely thornless , which is excellent for pruning.

The flowers of Rosa chinensis can be found in shades of pink, red, apricot, yellow and white , and there can also be variations and blends within these color ranges.

cultivars and varieties

Some popular types and cultivars of Rosa chinensis include:

• ‘Old Blush’: Also known as ‘Parson’s Pink China’, this is one of the oldest China rose cultivars. It features small, semi-double to double pink flowers that bloom throughout the growing season.
• ‘Mutabilis’: This cultivar is known for its unique characteristic of changing flower colors as they age. The flowers start as deep pink, fade to lighter pink, and eventually turn to shades of orange and yellow.
• ‘Cramoisi Superieur’: A classic China rose with rich red, semi-double blooms. It’s known for its prolific flowering and intense fragrance.
• ‘Hermosa’: This cultivar produces clusters of pale pink, fully double flowers. It’s valued for its continuous blooming and disease resistance.
• ‘Louis Philippe’: A popular China rose with deep red, semi-double flowers. It’s known for its adaptability and disease resistance.
• ‘The Green Rose’: This unique cultivar is often referred to as the “Green Rose” because its petals are actually more like sepals, giving the flowers a green appearance.
• ‘Archduke Charles’: Named after the Archduke Charles of Austria, this cultivar showcases flowers with a color gradient, transitioning from red to pink as they age.
• ‘Perle d’Or’: A compact China rose with small, double flowers that are a delicate apricot-yellow color.
• ‘Climbing Pinkie’: A climbing China rose that produces clusters of small, pink flowers. It’s a vigorous grower suitable for trellises and arbors.
• ‘Ducher’: A white China rose with semi-double flowers and a light fragrance. It’s often used as a parent in hybrid tea rose breeding.

Is Rosa chinensis fragrant?

Yes, many cultivars of Rosa chinensis are known for their fragrant flowers.

The fragrance of the flowers can be described as classic and traditional, with a scent that is reminiscent of the classic “rose” fragrance. The intensity of the fragrance can vary from mild to strong, and it’s often most noticeable when the flowers are in full bloom.

What is Rosa chinensis used for?

While it is primarily grown for its ornamental beauty , it has also been used for cultural, traditional, and medicinal purposes.

Here are some of the ways Rosa chinensis is used:

• Ornamental Plant: One of the main uses of Rosa chinensis is as an ornamental plant. Its beautiful and fragrant flowers make it a popular choice for gardens, landscapes, and floral arrangements.
• Traditional Medicine: In certain traditional medicinal systems, parts of Rosa chinensis have been used for their potential health benefits. For example, some cultures have used rose petals, hips, or other plant parts in herbal remedies.
• Culinary Use: While not as common as other edible rose species, some varieties of Rosa chinensis have been used to make rose-infused products, such as rose water or rose-flavored desserts.
• Fragrance Production: The fragrant flowers of Rosa chinensis have been used to extract rose oil and rose water, which are used in perfumes , cosmetics, and aromatherapy products .

Is China Rose good for health?

Here are some ways in which Rosa chinensis has been used in traditional medicine and for health benefits:

• Rose Petal Infusions: Its rose petals are sometimes used to make herbal infusions or teas. These infusions are believed to have a calming and mild sedative effect. They are also thought to support digestion and promote relaxation.
• Digestive Support: In some traditional systems, Rosa chinensis petals have been used to soothe digestive discomfort, reduce bloating, and alleviate indigestion.
• Skin Health: Rose petals, including those from Rosa chinensis , have been used topically to create floral waters and skin toners. These preparations are believed to be beneficial for skin health, soothing irritation, and promoting a healthy complexion.
• Aromatherapy: The fragrance of Rosa chinensis flowers is valued in aromatherapy for its calming and uplifting effects on mood. Rose essential oil, extracted from various rose species including Rosa chinensis , is used in aromatherapy practices.
• Cardiovascular Health: Rose hips, the fruit of the rose plant, including Rosa chinensis , are known to be rich in vitamin C and antioxidants. Some traditional uses include preparing rose hip teas or supplements for potential immune-boosting and cardiovascular benefits.
• Immune System Support: Rose hips have been used for their potential to support the immune system due to their vitamin C content.

how to make rosa chinensis infusion or tea?

Ingredients:

• Fresh or dried Rosa chinensis petals
• Boiling water

Instructions:

• Boil Water: Bring a pot of water to a boil. Use fresh, filtered water to ensure a clean and pure infusion.
• Place the Petals: Place the prepared petals in a teapot, teacup, or heatproof container.
• Pour the Boiling Water: Pour the boiling water over the petals. Use approximately 1 to 2 teaspoons of dried petals or a handful of fresh petals per cup of water.
• Cover and Steep: Cover the container with a lid or saucer to trap the steam and essential oils. Let the petals steep in the hot water for about 5 to 10 minutes.
• Strain and Serve: After steeping, strain the infusion to remove the petals. You can use a fine mesh strainer or a tea infuser. Pour the infused liquid into cups and serve.

Other medicinal teas you may be interested in:

• Blue vervain
• Yaupon holly
• Melaleuca tree

Is China rose safe to eat?

While Rosa chinensis is primarily grown for its ornamental beauty, it’s interesting to note that some cultures use part of this rose , including the petals, young shoot tips, flower buds, and flowers, in culinary preparations.

However, there is a layer of hair around the seeds of the fruit. These hairs can cause irritation to the mouth and digestive tract when ingested.

How to use China rose flowers in recipes?

• Fresh: Rosa chinensis flowers can be consumed fresh as a garnish for salads, desserts, or drinks. Their delicate fragrance adds a subtle floral note to your dishes.
• Infused: You can infuse the petals in water to create rose water or use them to flavor syrups, sauces, or beverages.
• Candied: Rose petals can be candied by brushing them with egg white, sprinkling them with sugar, and allowing them to dry. Candied rose petals are often used to decorate cakes and desserts.

Can you grow China Rose in your backyard?

Rosa chinensis is generally suitable for growing in USDA hardiness zones 7 to 10.

Propagation:

• It can be propagated through various methods, including cuttings, layering, and seeds.

Select a Suitable Location:

• Choose a sunny spot in your garden that receives at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day. China roses thrive in full sun.

2. Prepare the Soil:

• China roses prefer well-draining soil that is slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0-7.0) . Amend the soil with compost to improve its structure and fertility.

3. Planting:

• Plant China rose in early spring or fall when the weather is cooler.
• Water the plant thoroughly after planting.

4. Watering:

• Keep the soil consistently moist , especially during the plant’s first growing season. However, avoid overwatering, as China roses don’t like to be in waterlogged soil.

5. Pruning:

• Prune China roses in late winter or early spring to remove dead or diseased wood and encourage healthy growth. You can also shape the plant for your desired size and form.

6. Support and Trellis:

• Depending on the variety, some China roses can be climbers. Provide support, such as trellises or arbors, for climbing varieties to help them grow upward.

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Getting into the great, wet outdoors in search of edible plants, herbs, fruits and fungi is one of Sarah’s favorite outdoor pursuits. She thinks there’s nothing better than combining her passion for hiking with the start of the foraging season. Sarah’s definitely not afraid of a little rain and dirt, it’s all part of the fun.

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How to Grow and Care for Rosa Chinensis

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• Propagating

Overwintering

• Common Problems
• Frequently Asked Questions

Known for its red, pink, and white blooms, Rosa chinensis is a very popular rose to keep in gardens. The single or semi-double blooms give off a lovely, light, sweet fragrance and add a touch of elegance to your yard. These roses, like most other rose varieties, have prickles, or thorns along the length of their stems. The leaves are dark green, glossy, and pinnate. Rosa chinensis bloom from spring until fall, making them a beautiful statement plant throughout the entire growing season.

Rosa Chinensis Care

Rosa chinensis can be cultivated in a wide number of regions if given the right growing conditions. They require plenty of sunshine, regular soil moisture, and good airflow. With a little care, these roses reward the gardener with frequent and abundant blooms. 

Deer are known to eat the foliage and blooms of this type of rose bush , so it is important to protect the plant. Aphids, spider mites, powdery mildew, and black spot may also cause damage. Overly humid or wet conditions can result in fungal diseases.  

Rosa chinensis plants thrive in full sun but can tolerate filtered shade. For the best growing results and bloom, choose a location with at least 6 hours of sunlight.

These roses prefer loamy, sandy, well-draining soil that stays consistently moist. However, they are tolerant of many garden soil conditions and can be grown even in heavy soils, as long as water drains away. They do not tolerate soggy, wet soil. Neutral pH levels of 6.0 to 6.9 are ideal, although this rose variety can also be grown in soil that is slightly acidic to slightly alkaline. 

Water regularly but avoid over-saturating the soil. It's best not to allow the soil to dry out completely. Check the first few inches of the soil to gauge its moisture level. If the first few inches begin to feel dry, it is time to water this rose.

How often you need to water depends on your location, rainfall, and the time of year. Rosa chinensis needs more frequent watering while in bloom. 

Temperature and Humidity

This hardy rose variety can be grown in zones 6 to 9, and is tolerant of a wide range of temperatures. Temperatures dipping below 40 or reaching above 90 degrees Fahrenheit will cause this rose to go dormant. As for humidity, it does well in moderate humidity levels. If humidity is too high, the flower petals may stick together. High humidity levels can also lead to moisture-related diseases.  

For a good start, add compost or fertilizer to well-worked soil before planting to give the rose all the nutrients it needs. Fertilize established roses monthly during the growing season. Use a gentle, slow-release fertilizer so as not to over-fertilize. 

Types of Rosa Chinensis

• R. chinensis var. chinensis: This variety is known for its hardy nature, bushing or climbing habit, and deep red, pink, or white blossoms that appear in clusters. 
• R. chinensis var. spontanea: This variety is very similar in appearance to var. chinensis with red to pink flowers, but has a less tidy appearance and a more look as it climbs nearby objects for support. The small, flat or slightly cupped flowers usually appear solitary, not in clusters. 
• R. chinensis var. semperflorens (Curtis) Koehne: This hardy variety, too, is similar in appearance to var. chinensis. Where it shines is in the blooms, which are deep red and semi-double to double. Flowers appears as solitary blooms or in clusters of two or three.  

Proper annual pruning of a rose bush is necessary for healthy, full growth. This is best done in the late winter or early spring. For roses kept as vines, keep the main branches long and prune away other branches to allow for proper airflow. For bushes, trim away any crossing branches or areas that are dying. Then prune the bush back to about one-third of its size. 

Propagating Rosa Chinensis

Rosa Chinensis can be propagated through cuttings, divisions, and grafting . Cuttings and divisions are more common and can be done without a rootstock plant. Grafting requires a rootstock plant. To propagate through cuttings, you need a sharp pair of snips, a pot, well-draining, rich soil, a plastic bag, and a clean stick. Then follow these instructions: 

• In the summer or fall, select a branch with several leaves. Using the snips, cut a piece about 6 inches long.
• Remove any lower leaves so that the cutting has 3 to 5 leaves at its tip. 
• Make small, shallow incisions from the cut end to one inch up the stem to encourage root development. Dip this end into rooting hormone. 
• Fill the small pot with moistened soil. Pack the soil down and poke a hole in the center for the cutting. 
• Firmly press the soil around the cutting to secure it in place.
• Place the stick in the pot next to the rose, then place the bag over the pot. This keeps the bag from resting on the cutting. 
• Keep the cutting in a location with bright, indirect lighting. 
• Air out the bag daily and keep the soil consistently moist. 
• Roots should form in 4 to 12 weeks.  

To propagate through divisions, you need a shovel, sharp garden snips, and a pair of garden gloves. Then follow these instructions: 

• In the early spring or late fall while the rose is dormant, use the shovel to dig up the plant along with its root system. 
• Select a trunk with a few branches and a healthy root system to separate from the main plant. 
• Using the shovel and the snips, separate the division from the main plant.
• Plant the main rose bush back in its place, then plant the new division in its own area. 

Potting and Repotting Rosa Chinensis

Rosa chinensis does well in the ground, but can also be grown in pots. Be sure to select a large pot to allow the root system to branch out and thrive. One with adequate drainage holes is also very important, as these roses cannot tolerate soggy soil. 

If the rose bush outgrows its container, it is best to repot in the early spring or late fall while the plant is dormant. Wearing protective gloves, tilt the pot on its side and tap it to loosen the root structure. Slide the rose out and plant it in a larger pot with fresh soil. 

For areas where frost occurs in the winter months, it is best to protect Rosa chinensis to prevent damage. Wrap the bush in horticultural fleece. Alternatively, create a collar around the trunk with fencing, then fill the space with leaves or straw to create a layer of insulation. Add a layer of mulch on the ground to help insulate the roots. 

How to Get Rosa Chinensis to Bloom

Rosa chinensis plants are prized for their long bloom season with lovely red, pink, or white flowers. The flowers are single or semi-double with a light, sweet aroma.

Trim away faded flowers to encourage more flowering. During the blooming period, apply a light fertilizer monthly and make sure the rose receives plenty of sunlight, since too little light will reduce the number of flowers. 

Common Problems With Rosa Chinensis

Rosa chinensis may present the gardener with problems if the growing conditions are not ideal. Here are some common problems you may encounter. 

A rose bush that is not flowering is signaling conditions inadequate for flower production. For Rosa chinensis this happens when the plant is not receiving enough light. Try moving it to an area that gets more sun daily. If the plant is receiving sun but is still not blooming, it could be due to nutrient deficiency. A monthly application of fertilizer during the growing season can correct this problem.

Yellowing Leaves

Rosa chinensis foliage can turn yellow for multiple reasons. If the foliage is yellow and dry, the leaves could be getting burned by too much direct sunlight. Potted rose bushes can simply be moved to areas where there's less direct sunlight, while in-ground rose bushes may require a shade cloth.

If the leaves are yellow and limp and the soil is excessively moist, this is a sign the rose is receiving too much water. Cut back on water and loosen the soil to help the water drain through. Add sand or another fast-draining material to increase drainage.  

Lastly, yellowing foliage could be caused by too much fertilizer. If this is the case, rinse the soil thoroughly to remove excess fertilizer and withhold fertilizer until the plant recovers. If there is a large buildup of fertilizer, you may need to replant in fresh soil.  

Yes, Rosa chinensis can be kept as a climbing rose . Depending on how you prune it, this plant can be grown as a bush or as a climbing specimen. 

Rosa chinensis flowers have a light, sweet fragrance, making them desirable garden flowers. 

Yes, these roses do mature to create small, red, berry-like fruits called rose hips . The rose hips can be harvested and are edible. 

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Plant Detail Show Menu

Rosa chinensis

Common name(s):.

• Butterfly Rose

Previously known as:

• Rosa bengalensis
• Rosa chinensis var. semperflorens
• Rosa indica
• Rosa semperflorens
• Rosa viridiflora

China rose is one of the oldest cultivated roses, having been brought from China before 1894. It is a rounded, woody, deciduous shrub in the rose family (Rosaceae) and native to south and central China. The genus name Rosa is Latin for rose; the specific epithet indicates its origin. 

China rose enjoys full sun to partial shade; moist, well-drained loam with a neutral pH; moderate watering; and good air circulation. A full-grown China rose can reach 6 to 8 feet in height and spread. When planting allow for one foot of space all around the mature plant to promote good air circulation and reduce the chances of foliar diseases. Do not irrigate from above, as this too can lead to foliar disease. Water at the base, and apply mulch generously to conserve moisture. Deadheading will promote further flushes of bloom. Prune China rose in the early spring. Look here for a guide to pruning shrub roses. Propagate China rose by grafting or stem cutting. 

Because of its mature size, China rose makes a good accent plant or can be used to provide height in a garden bed. Mass planted, it makes a good hedge, or it can cover slopes. The flowers attract honey bees and butterflies, and the hips are a food source for birds. Place it beside a patio or include it in a butterfly, cottage, cutting, English, or pollinator garden.  

Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: China rose is susceptible to black spot, powdery mildew, rust, and rose rosette. It may be attacked by aphids, Japanese beetles, borers, scale insects, thrips, rose midges, leafhoppers, and spider mites. This plant is frequently damaged by deer. For full information on common pests and diseases, please see the  Rosa  page.

VIDEO Created by Elizabeth Meyer for " Trees, Shrubs and Conifers " a plant identification course offered in partnership with Longwood Gardens.

• 'Semperflorens' Dwarf

• Attributes: Genus: Rosa Species: chinensis Family: Rosaceae Recommended Propagation Strategy: Grafting Stem Cutting Country Or Region Of Origin: South-Central China Distribution: World wide in Temperate Zones Wildlife Value: China rose flowers are visited by honey bees. Birds eat the hips. These plants are frequently damaged by deer. Dimensions: Height: 6 ft. 0 in. - 8 ft. 0 in. Width: 6 ft. 0 in. - 8 ft. 0 in.
• Whole Plant Traits: Plant Type: Perennial Shrub Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics: Deciduous Habit/Form: Rounded Growth Rate: Medium Maintenance: High Texture: Medium Appendage: Prickles
• Cultural Conditions: Light: Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours) Soil Texture: High Organic Matter Soil pH: Neutral (6.0-8.0) Soil Drainage: Good Drainage Moist Available Space To Plant: 6-feet-12 feet NC Region: Coastal Mountains Piedmont USDA Plant Hardiness Zone: 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
• Fruit: Fruit Color: Red/Burgundy Fruit Value To Gardener: Long-lasting Display/Harvest Time: Fall Summer Winter Fruit Type: Pome Fruit Length: < 1 inch Fruit Width: < 1 inch Fruit Description: The fruits of all roses are called hips and are considered a good source of vitamin C. The hips appear any time from June through November and, if the birds will let them, can survive the winter. The ovoid hips of China Rose are under one inch in diameter and red in color.
• Flowers: Flower Color: Cream/Tan Gold/Yellow Pink Purple/Lavender Red/Burgundy White Flower Inflorescence: Cyme Flower Value To Gardener: Fragrant Good Cut Flower Bloom Time: Summer Flower Shape: Wheel Flower Petals: 4-5 petals/rays Flower Size: 1-3 inches Flower Description: The flowers of China rose are under two inches in diameter but they are carried in groups of four or five so do have an impact. They are slightly fragrant. The single bloom has five petals. Sometimes the petals are semi-double or double. The colors range from white through pink to red or purple.
• Leaves: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics: Deciduous Leaf Color: Green Leaf Feel: Glossy Deciduous Leaf Fall Color: Insignificant Leaf Type: Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately) Leaf Arrangement: Alternate Leaf Shape: Ovate Leaf Margin: Serrate Hairs Present: No Leaf Length: 1-3 inches Leaf Width: < 1 inch Leaf Description: The compound leaves of China Rose are two to four and a half inches long and carried alternately. There are three to five one inch to two and a quarter inch by on half to one inch leaflets though sometimes seven leaflets are present. Young leaves are reddish purple changing to dark green on top and lighter green beneath. Both sides can be slightly hairy. They have slightly rounded bases with a pointy tip. The margins are serrated.
• Bark: Bark Color: Light Brown
• Stem: Stem Color: Brown/Copper Red/Burgundy Stem Is Aromatic: No Stem Cross Section: Round Stem Form: Straight Stem Description: The early growth of China Rose stems is a very attractive reddish purple. As the stem ages it turns from purple to green then brown. The stems are covered in prickles.
• Landscape: Landscape Location: Patio Slope/Bank Landscape Theme: Asian Garden Butterfly Garden Cottage Garden Cutting Garden English Garden Pollinator Garden Design Feature: Accent Hedge Mass Planting Attracts: Bees Butterflies Problems: Frequent Disease Problems Frequent Insect Problems Spines/Thorns

China Roses and 4 Things You Want To Know

In this article, we’ll talk about China roses and why they are unique. We’ll also tell you about the most popular China roses. So, keep reading!

What Are China Roses?

We could say that China roses or rosa chinesis are roses as we know them today. They were first introduced to Europeans in 1792 and were introduced to other continents afterward. We could say that the year of introduction of those roses was agreed upon by historians. The first known books about China roses date back to 1792. At the same time, the first paintings of China roses date back to 1529 and can be admired at the National Gallery in London.

The answer to the question of why they became so popular and well-known is simple – they were the first roses with repeat flowering capabilities . In other words, if you start growing them, you can harvest them over multiple years and never have to replant them again.

In the beginning, the only roses known to the western world with regrowing capabilities were Autumn Damask roses. What differentiates China roses from Autumn Damask roses is their exceptionally wide range of different colors, and they have a very strong and long-lasting scent that can be differentiated from other roses.

What Makes China Roses Unique?

China roses are unique and well-known for their wide color palette and strong scent . They are one of the few roses that can change their color throughout the whole growing season. At the beginning of the growing season, which is spring, they are very brightly colored and do not have a strong scent or perfume. As time passes along the season, they start to grow into darker and darker colors and distribute a stronger and stronger scent. For example, if your roses are yellow when planting, they can easily end up being dark red roses at the end of the season.

Another factor is that China roses are unique in their capability to survive winter. You never have to pull them out and replant them at the beginning of spring. You just need to cover them with natural materials, for example, fir branches. If you live in a place where there are no fir trees, you can easily find help from your local garden centers, where you will find dozens of different so-called blankets that help to protect your precious plants over harsh winter temperatures and snow.

Which Are the Most Popular China Roses We Know Today

The most popular China roses known all over the world are:

• Bloomfield Abundance
• Cecile Brunner
• Cramoisi Superieure
• Gruss an Teplitz
• Irene watts
• La Belle Marseillaise
• Mme. Laurette Messimy
• Perle d’Or
• Rosa x odorata “Bengal Crimson”
• Sophie’s Perpetual
• Viridiflora, also known as “The Green Rose”

How To Create Your Own China Rose Garden

After reading all the features of the roses, you might find yourself thinking about creating your rose garden. As building a rose garden from scratch requires long hours of work, we suggest starting with small flower beds or rose bushes.

Before planting your first rose plant, you have to keep in mind the growing environment. The most important aspect is sunlight. Rosa chinesis do not like direct sunlight and sitting in complete shade. They like varied growing environments.

If you want your plant to grow into a bush, you just need to throw away your scissors and wait for the plant to grow. If you do not prune them, they will start to grow wider and wider. In case you do not have a very large dedicated space for your precious plants, you can start to prune them and add a small plant ladder, for example. This way, they will magically start to grow in height.

Another clever way to cut down on time needed to keep your rose garden neat and tidy is by adding pine bark mulch . It automatically turns your flower bed into a well-groomed professional rose bush. In addition to making things look tidy, they help to keep your plants moist. This is especially useful for areas with little precipitation. If you live in an area with enough rain, you might think that you do not need mulch.

But what about weed growth? The weeds will start to grow no matter where you live or start your rose garden. The mulch changes the acidic level of soil, hence turning your soil into an unsuitable environment for all the unwanted plants.

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Amanda Remington

Thomas Jefferson's Monticello

• House & Gardens
• Thomas Jefferson Center for Historic Plants
• Twinleaf Journal Archives

The China (Rose) Revolution

Thomas Jefferson lived through three revolutions in his life-time. Most of us know about two of them: our own nation's revolt against British domination, then the French uprising that brought down the monarchy just a few years later. Before his death in 1826, Mr. Jefferson would witness a third. It would again be a revolution with far-reaching effect; but this time it would be in the Rose garden and the world of horticulture would never be the same--I call this the China Revolution .

In the late 1700s on both sides of the Atlantic, the Rose was still the "Queen of Flowers" as the Greek poet Sappho had dubbed it in the sixth century BC. The mainstays of the garden were the very hardy types inherited from the Classical and Medieval worlds with lavish spring bloom and their attar-of-roses perfume. These European Old Roses (the Gallicas, Damasks, Albas, and Cabbage or Provence types) with their extraordinary but brief flowering season became the metaphor for evanescent beauty, here today and gone tomorrow, there were some exceptions. A few forms of Damask Rose could produce scattered bloom after the main spring flush. Nurserymen (with their flair for exaggeration) called them "Four Seasons" or "monthly" Roses. The Musk Rose ( Rosa moschata ) showed its sweet, starry white flowers summer and fall. However, the main beauty of the Rose garden was confined only to spring — that is until the 1790s when the revolution began.

The first China Roses to be distributed were pink and red. The pink (today's 'Old Blush') was China's YUE YUE FEN ("Pink Monthly"), which shows up for the first time in silk paintings circa 1000 AD. Two reds had arrived around the same time: YUE YUE HONG ("Red Monthly") distributed by Gilbert Slater and CHI LONG HAN ZHU ("Pearl in Red Dragon's Mouth") which became 'Sanguinea' in early nineteenth-century horticulture. 'Old Blush' is hardy enough to survive most Zone 6 winters. A favorite in gardens, it is often found in cemeteries in the Middle Atlantic States and throughout the South. 'Sanguinea' is listed in catalogues today as 'Willmott's Crimson China' or by its Chinese name. This has become an heirloom plant in Afro-American gardens on the east coast of Florida. Graham Stuart Thomas has noted that: "these were the first truly red roses Europe and America had seen." "Red," up to the early nineteenth century had merely been rosy purple or even pink!

The following Chinas are available from Old Rose Nurseries and perform wonderfully in the garden.

Single Chinas

"Emmie Grey": Bermuda heirloom that strongly resembles Redoute's Rosa indica. Single, magenta-pink, close to wild R. chinensis spontanea

'Single Pink China': Strong grower. Non-stop, 5-petaled sport of 'Old Blush'

'Mutabilis': brought from Reunion in the Indian Ocean before 1874. Opens pale yellow, and then deepens to rosy crimson. It is somewhat tender. Outstanding garden shrub even in the tropics

Typical Garden Chinas

'Old Blush' (YUE YUE FEN, "Pink Daily Rose"): an endless producer of semi-double pink flowers with a faint nectarine scent, turning deeper before the petals drop. This is the "mother" of all ever-blooming roses. It is fairly hardy.

"Common Pink China": the first of 'Old Blush's' seedlings to be marketed in Paris in 1804. Stronger, hardier, more double than its parent. Incorrectly sold as 'Napoleon', Heirloom plant in South Florida where it is confused with 'Old Blush': At one time used for landscaping at Toll Booths on the Florida Turnpike and Fort Lauderdale Airport. It climbs on walls or fences in the tropics. It is also called 'Bengale Centfeuille'.

'Hermosa': introduced in 1840, another seedling of 'Old Blush', but is lower growing with globular pink flowers. This rose is a favorite in cemeteries, a frequent survivor in old neighborhoods.

'Pearl in Red Dragon's Mouth' (Willmott's Crimson China, 'Sanguinea'): This is the variety that drew Mrs. Frederick Keays to the world of Old Roses in the 1920s. It bears semi-double, intense crimson flowers with good nectarine scent. This variety is an heirloom in the Southeastern United States. Good in the tropics, yet hardy with protection in Zone 6. It is one of the foundational Chinas.

'Louis Philippe' 1834: The "Florida Rose" of the Sunshine State's West Coast, where it once was ubiquitous. The shrub bears flowers with crimson outer petals and blush interior, which darken to red as the bloom ages. Nice fragrance, Hardy in USDA Zone 6 and is the hardiest of all the reds I've tried. It is a carefree landscape plant in Florida. The carnation-flowered sport of this variety is marketed as 'Serratipetala'.

'Cramoisie Superieure': ('Agrippina', 1832) Cupped, deep crimson. It produces the finest blooms of any of the Chinas. Not cold hardy at all. It is hardy to USDA Zone 7 or warmer. Spectacular in the tropics!

"Spice": a Bermuda foundling with cupped, blush flowers. Its flowers have an amazing scent of violets and home-made apple-sauce. It is believed by some to be 'Hume's Blush', the original Tea Rose. It is hardy to USDA Zone 6 with good protection.

The following Teas preserve the beauty and scent of the original types: 'Devoniensis'- creamy white 1838; 'Safrano' 1839 pale orange, perfect in bud as its lemon sport 'Isabella Sprunt' discovered in Richmond in 1865.; 'Bon Silene' 1839 deep rosy crimson; 'Duchesse de Brabant' 1857 Blush and very fragrant.

Miniature Roses: called Laurencianas in the nineteenth century in tribute to flower painter Mary Lawrence. Few contemporary gardeners realize that the very popular modern mini roses only became possible with the rediscovery of several Chinas some 200 years old. The three we preserve at Tufton are getting hard to find in the trade:

'Roulettii'—Redoute's Rosa indica pumila , a tiny mutant of 'Old Blush' rediscovered in an Alpine village in 1922. 'Oakington Ruby'—“ tiny crimson-rose from the garden at the Ely Cathedral in the 1930s. 'Pompon de Paris' 1839  tiny pink, fully double.

The above descriptions are only the tip of the iceberg.

Reverend Douglas T. Seidel Emmaus, Pennsylvania 2010

ADDRESS: 931 Thomas Jefferson Parkway Charlottesville, VA 22902 GENERAL INFORMATION: (434) 984-9800

How to Care for China Roses

Embark on a journey to the enchanting world of China Roses, where timeless elegance meets exquisite floral beauty. Set amidst the lush landscapes of South West China, the captivating Bengal Rose, also known as the China Rose, invites us to discover its rich heritage and irresistible charm.

Join us on this floral adventure as we explore the origins, traits, and enigmas of these mesmerizing flowers that have graced gardens for generations. 

Roses do not grow well in shady positions, and China roses particularly hate shade! They prefer to bask in a sunny spot, so aim for 4 hours of sunlight daily in the growing season (spring-fall); any more is a bonus!

From spring to fall, roses need to be watered, but avoid falling into the trap of watering too little and too often. Roses enjoy a deep watering (about a watering can full) once a week. The soil should be moist to a depth of 15-20 inches, and water at the base of the rose for the best results.

RULE OF (GREEN) THUMB

It's a good idea to water roses first thing in the morning. This way, any water on the leaves can dry off throughout the day. If the leaves stay wet and cold overnight, fungus and disease can take hold.

TEMPERATURE

When planting China roses, choosing a protected location with plenty of sunlight is essential. These roses are delicate and can be easily damaged by temperatures below 32℉, so it's best to transplant them to a more sheltered area for the winter or cover them with horticultural fleece or straw.

Just like any other plant, heat can also impact the health of roses. If the leaves or flowers are turning brown and becoming brittle, moving the rose to a more sheltered spot is a good idea. And if your rose isn't thriving, it may benefit from being transplanted to a sunnier location.

China roses are known for their stunning and sizable flowers, but in humid conditions, they may "ball." This happens when rain and moisture cause the petals to stick together, preventing the bud from fully opening. While it won't harm the plant, if you notice a single bloom balling, it's best to remove it.

If you want to grow roses, preparing the soil properly is essential. First, dig a hole twice as big as the pot or bare root. Make sure it's filled with good-quality compost. Gardeners have found that adding mycorrhizal fungi to the roots or planting holes can also help. These fungi help the plant absorb water more efficiently, giving your rose the best chance of thriving.

Have you ever heard the old wives' tale that says you can't plant new roses where roses were once planted? There is some truth to it, but it's not impossible to fix. 

After an extended period, the soil where the old rose was planted loses its nutrients and goodness, making it difficult for new roses to grow. But don't worry; there's an easy solution. 

Just dig a new hole and add some fresh soil or compost to provide the new rose with the necessary nutrients for a successful start. 

For better results, it's recommended to use a slow-release granular rose feed instead of liquid feeds. This is because granular feeds provide long-term benefits. 

Think of a granular feed as a bowl of oats and a liquid feed as a chocolate bar. While both have their place and are tasty, we all know what will give you more energy in the long run, and your rose will thank you for it. 

If you have repeat-flowering roses, fertilize them in March and again in June after the first flush of flowers. For once-flowering roses, only one feed in March is needed. Sprinkle a handful of rose feed around the base, and you're done! It's that easy.

Liquid feed can be watered in every 2 weeks during the flowering season to encourage more blooms.

China roses are best grown in the ground but can be grown in pots successfully - it just can take a little more work. Rose roots need space to spread out, so if planting in a pot, ensure it is 18-21 inches deep and wide.

Plant in a mixture of multipurpose and repotting compost, although specialist rose compost will work just as well! 

As with all plants grown in pots, they require a little extra care. Ensure they do not dry out, and replenish the soil every 2-3 years for the best results! The best time to do this is during the dormant season, so early spring or late fall is probably the best, as the rose should be either dormant or preparing for dormancy. 

When preparing for dormancy, the rose is put through the least stress and is ready for repotting.

China roses only require a little pruning. Their growth can look bare and twiggy, which is how they like to be kept. Tidy the rose by cutting about an inch off each stem, and remove any dead, diseased, or damaged stems. 

Remove as much of the foliage as well, as this will ensure that if any hidden pests or diseases are lurking, they will not transfer to the next growing season. 

Pruning usually occurs in late winter to early spring, so January-March is the best time. 

China roses, also known as Bengal roses, were first introduced in 1792 and have since captivated gardeners worldwide with their stunning red and crimson hues. They can look a little bare, but no fear this is just the way they are!

PROPAGATION

 Propagation can be hit or miss but always worth a try! 

First of all, prepare your pot. Use potting compost with vermiculite or perlite with a breakdown of 75% compost to 25% perlite/vermiculite. 

Choose a healthy stem with 3-5 leaves that is about 5-10 inches long and cut at a 45-degree angle using clean tools - if the stem has more leaves than this, remove them on the lower part of the stem leaving 3-5 at the top of the stem and remove all flowers and hips. 

At the bottom of the stem, make 3 snips upwards of an inch long and dip the base in a rooting hormone (this step is not required but yields the best results). 

Now you can plant the stem in your pot, water, and cover it with a clear plastic bag to create a greenhouse. Keep your cutting in a warm and sheltered spot, and don't let it dry out. Soon roots will form, and once the risk of frost has passed, it can be planted outside!

PESTS AND DISEASES

To help you identify potential issues, here are some of the most prevalent pests and diseases that may affect your China rose:

Black Spot -  This is a widespread problem and is an airborne fungus that spreads from garden to garden and LOVES humid conditions. The black spot is exactly as it sounds - dark purple or even yellow patches that cover the leaves, making the leaves of the rose look sad and unhealthy. At the first sign of the blackspot, remove the affected leaves and spray with neem oil.

Rust  - This airborne fungus spreads from plant to plant and loves humidity. It appears on leaves as little orange powdery circles that darken over time. Rust can kill a plant easily so remove the affected leaves straight away and spray with neem oil.

Powdery Mildew  - Fear not; this is not an insect or mold invading. Powdery mildew is a white coating/fungus, indicating that the rose lacks sufficient air circulation or water. This is common with young roses as the roots cannot take up enough water. Remove the infected leaves, keep the rose well watered, and/or increase air circulation. 

Aphids, Thrips, and Spider Mites  

Aphids or greenfly are very common, especially if the winter has been mild. These small, clear green insects feed on the juicy sap of the buds. If you notice newly formed buds wilting and looking dehydrated, you may have an aphid infestation.

Thrips, also known as Thunder Bugs, can be a problem during the summer. They look like black dots and love to feast on fresh rose buds. You may have a thrip infestation if you notice distorted buds with black edges.

Spider mites are another pest that can cause damage to your plants. They are difficult to spot, but you may notice webbing on the plant and unusual golden-colored leaves. These pests gorge on leaves and buds, leaving a trail of destruction.

Looking for a natural solution to pesky garden invaders? Neem oil is your go-to! It's effective at disrupting pests' life cycles and keeping your plants safe. Plus, if you want to take your eco-friendly approach up a notch, try inviting ladybugs and lacewings to your garden - these helpful predators love snacking on aphids, mites, and other pests, and will help keep your garden's ecosystem balanced and healthy.

China roses are not toxic; rose hips can be used in many recipes, such as rosehip oil, rosehip jam, cakes, and perfume. Just watch out for the thorns when picking them!

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4.5 out of 5 (21 experiences)

Also known as

Bengal Rose , Bengal Crimson and Bengal Beauty

Rosa chinensis

How to care for China Rose

How often to water your china rose.

China Rose needs 0.5 cups of water every 9 when it doesn’t get direct sunlight and is potted in a 5" pot.

Use our water calculator to personalize watering recommendations to your environment or download Greg for more advanced recommendations for all of your plants.

Water 0.5 cups every 9

Does your plant get direct sunlight?

Select the pot size

Finding light for China Rose in your home

China Rose love being close to bright, sunny windows 😎.

Place it less than 1ft from a south-facing window to maximize the potential for growth.

China Rose does not tolerate low-light 🚫.

Select your region to see how the current weather in your area affects the placement of China Rose in your home 🏡.

How to fertilize China Rose

Most potting soils come with ample nutrients which plants use to produce new growth.

By the time your plant has depleted the nutrients in its soil it’s likely grown enough to need a larger pot anyway.

To replenish this plant's nutrients, repot your China Rose after it doubles in size or once a year —whichever comes first.

She's doing alot better 🥰

How to keeps bugs off How can I keep bugs off of lav? And from eating her beautiful leafs? She's finally doing better and producing more bubs and greenery and know I woke up to find her eaten and what looks like a web, it wasn't there when I closed the curtains on her before bed but know she has 3 damaged leaves, also do I cut off the damaged leaves?

Crispy girl Hi everyone. You’re probably going to facepalm this - but our potted rose bush has suddenly gone super crispy. Every single leaf. And seems death is imminent 😞 She is in a self watering pot and occasionally I water through the soil too. She survived the winter and now that it’s warming up - I’m afraid I’ve done something wrong … any advice or info super appreciated!

I don’t know what’s wrong 😢 i bought 2 roses 4 days ago and they are dying. i thought the cause was fungus and sprayed an antifungal which left them with these blue spots. today the yellowness has increased and i find some black bugs, so i sprayed insecticide. i don’t know if it will help or do more damage. is it normal for a plant to die so quickly.

I was sent these as a bday gift!!! I’ve never cared for roses before or anything with a flower. Does anyone know if it’s a house plant or if I should put them on my porch?

Starting to see yellow leaves, what am i doing wrong #chinarose.

I never got to see what kinda rose it would bloom it suddenly started to deteriorate, I checked the roots and soil everything seemed fine. But now it’s just this. 😢 #SadPlant

Why is my rose stem yellowing 😥😥😥 It’s been doing amazing but now the stem is yellowing, what can I do

Is this a China rose? My husband got me this beautiful potted rose today for Valentine’s Day and Greg says it’s a China Rose. Is this correct? The app says these are hard to take care of? I’ve never grown potted roses before. #PlantID

Why do her leaves keep dying?? I haven’t watered her in a while (Sunday 10/30 was the last time) but I don’t think that’s it. Her leaves keep shriveling up like this…idk why! It’s specifically this one side of the plant. I haven rotated her at all…would it be too much light?? the spider mites are still there 😭 could that be it?! #GrowLights #help #ChinaRose #RoseBush #Rose #MiniatureRose #PestControl #spidermites

China Rose can be challenging to care for, according to some plant parents. Check out the reviews down below to learn from their experiences!

China Rose prefers for the soil to dry out between waterings and should be watered regularly . Use our water calculator to personalize watering recommendations to your environment or download Greg for more advanced recommendations for all of your plants.

China Rose requires abundant, bright and direct light. Place it less than one foot from a window to ensure it receives enough light to survive 💪. Select your region to see how the current weather in your area affects the placement in your home 🏡.

China Rose is not known to cause harm to humans or pets. Regardless, if you, a family member, a cat, or dog has ingested any plant material, please consult a doctor or a veterinarian.

China Rose doesn’t require additional humidity . Plants absorb most water through their root system rather than their leaves, so the best way to provide humidity for your plants is through watering the soil.

China Rose does best in well-draining soil . A good soil will contain lots of organic matter such as coco coir as well as perlite or vermiculite to help with drainage. Adding a handful of perlite to regular store-bought potting soil should do the trick!

China Rose should be repotted after it doubles in size or once a year , whichever comes first. Fresh potting soil has all the nutrients your plant needs, so as long as it’s refreshed yearly, you shouldn’t need to use fertilizer. Remember, plants get their energy from sunlight, not fertilizer!

China Rose is native to Asia, Europe, North America, and northwestern Africa .

Yes , you may see your China Rose bloom with the right amount of sunlight and water.

China Rose will branch off as it grows. To encourage branching, pinch off the newest growth at the tip and the stem will branch off into two.

USDA Hardiness Zone China Rose can be grown outdoors in USDA Hardiness Zones 7a-8b . Find your local hardiness zone here .

China Rose can be propagated by the stem method . To propagate:

• Make a cut just above the node. The node is the break in the stem where the leaf emerges.
• Place the cutting in water until roots emerge and are ~2” long and then transplant into well-draining soil, or
• Place the cutting directly into well-draining soil and water when dry.

Yellow leaves aren’t always a reason to panic, and can be a normal part of a plant’s life cycle. Unless brand new leaves are turning yellow or all the leaves change color at once, it’s likely just your plant shedding old leaves.

Overwatering and root rot are the most likely cause of problems in China Rose, since they are sensitive to wet soil. The leaves may also appear to be curling or drooping. Less often, yellow leaves are caused by underwatering, nutrient deficiencies, or pests.

Replace soggy soil with fresh, dry soil and download Greg to make sure your plant never gets overwatered again!

When troubleshooting a sad-looking houseplant, start by checking for signs of distress in its leaves, such as yellowing, browning, or drooping, which can indicate overwatering or nutrient deficiencies.

Inspect the soil moisture; too dry or too wet soil can cause problems.

Finally, consider environmental factors like temperature and humidity, and adjust care routines accordingly to revive your plant.

Care Summary for China Rose

0.5 cups every 9 days

< 1ft from a window

Repot after 2x growth

Based on the 4” pot your plant is in, and that it doesn’t get direct sunlight .

What other plant parents say

I planted this one got it last year it has grown so much sence last year easy to take care of

@@JenniferSheler

Beautiful blooms

I should have given it a lot more sunlight.

The leaves dry easily and breaks off.

It is quite beautiful

I bought mine with 3 flowers already blossomed and I now have 5 with 2 more on the way! I’ve had them for maybe a week and they’re doing lovely!

@@froggiesocks

don't get if you expect fast growing, but it is very pretty when it does

My rabbit loves eating the blooms

It’s cute, but some of the leaves browned quickly.

I simply love her the minute I saw her. I love roses and always wanted to grow them. I found it at Safeway and it was the only one. I couldn’t put it down cuz I felt bad that it was all alone and most likely be thrown out or die in a home with no love. So I bought it!!! It’s a perfect Mother’s Day gift to my mom....and to me. Cuz I’ll be raising it haha

less sunlight and more water❣️

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• Português do Brasil
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Chinese Rose

Rosa chinensis jacquin, description, distribution, habitat & distribution, comprehensive description, rosa chinensis.

Rosa chinensis ( Chinese : 月季 ; pinyin : yuèjì ), known commonly as the China rose , [2] Chinese rose , [3] or Bengal rose , [4] is a member of the genus Rosa native to Southwest China in Guizhou , Hubei , and Sichuan Provinces. The first publication of Rosa chinensis was in 1768 by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in Observationum Botanicarum , 3, p. 7 & plate 55.

It is a shrub that reaches 1–2 m and grows in hedges or forms thickets . The leaves are pinnate, have 3–5 leaflets, each 2.5–6 cm long and 1–3 cm broad. In the wild species (sometimes listed as Rosa chinensis var. spontanea ), the flowers have five pink to red petals. The fruit is a red hip one to two cm in diameter. The strong branches have a smooth purplish-brown bark, and there may be many to no curved, stocky, flat spines.

The alternately-arranged leaves, 12 to 27 cm long, are pinnately divided. The petiole and the rachis are sparsely spiny, with glandular hairs. The leaf blades usually have three or five or, rarely, seven leaflets , 2.5 to 6 centimeters in length, with a width of 1 to 3 centimeters, ovate or ovate-oblong with a weak-rounded or broad and wedge-shaped base, a more-or-less long, tapered apex and sharply toothed edge. The upper surface is shiny and dark green. [5]

Inflorescence

In China, the flowering time of R. chinensis ranges from April to September. Rarely, the flowers are solitary; usually appearing in groups of four or five. The 2.5 to 6 cm long pedicel has variable hairiness. The one to three naked bracts are linear, with a pointed apex and a smooth or glandular margin. The flowers have a mild fragrance.

The hermaphrodite flowers have radial symmetry , with a diameter of four to five cm, and may be double. There are cultivated forms with simple to more or less strongly double flowers, which are also wild in China and nearby areas of temperate latitudes. The bald flower cup is egg-shaped, spherical or pear-shaped. The early-dropping sepals are ovate or sometimes leaf-like, simple or lobed, cupped towards the apex. The five to several or many petals are white-over-pink to red or purple, obovate with a wedge-shaped base and a rounded apex. There are many stamens . The free, hairy style is almost as long as the stamens. In China, the fruits ripen from June to November, turning red. They are egg-shaped to pear-shaped, with a diameter of one to two centimeters. [6]

Cultivation

Various forms of Rosa chinensis have been cultivated in gardens in China for a long time; therefore, it is not easy to distinguish between wild forms and cultivated forms. Many varieties of garden roses have been bred from Rosa chinensis . The species is extensively cultivated as an ornamental plant , and numerous cultivars have been selected, which are known as the China roses . It has also been extensively interbred with Rosa gigantea to produce Rosa × odorata and by further hybridization the tea roses and hybrid tea roses, and is the source of summer-blooming varieties and those with continuous flowering. [7]

Three varieties of the species are recognized in the Flora of China : [8]

• R. chinensis var. chinensis , originated in cultivation, with red petals
• R. chinensis var. spontanea , native to Guizhou, Hubei, and Sichuan, with red petals
• R. chinensis var. semperflorens (Curtis) Koehne, originated in cultivation, with dark red or purple petals

Cultivars developed from Rosa chinensis have been important in the breeding of many modern garden roses by providing the repeat-blooming characteristic, although this is not a feature of the wild species. [9] The many forms of Rosa chinensis are also used in many other ways. The young vegetative plant parts, flower buds and flowers are brewed and eaten as a kitchen herb , for example, as a soup . From the rosehips, a thin fleshy layer that surrounds the seeds is eaten raw or cooked. The seed hair must be removed; It has to be handled very carefully. The seed hairs must not get into the mouth and throat. The seeds are a good source of vitamin E . The seeds can be ground and mixed with flour or added to other foods. [10]

18th-century painting of two cultivars

A Rosa chinensis cultivar

Rosa chinensis 'Viridiflora', in which the petals are replaced with leaves ( phyllody )

Botanical illustration

Rose 'Bengal Red'

• Garden roses
• ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species" . Retrieved 28 December 2014 .
• ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls) . Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland . Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26 . Retrieved 15 July 2015 .
• ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). " Rosa chinensis " . The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov) . Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team . Retrieved 15 July 2015 .
• ^ " Rosa chinensis " . Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) . Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) . Retrieved 26 August 2021 .
• ^ Gu Cuizhi & Kenneth R. Robertson: Rosa : Rosa chinensis , p 368 - Registered text as printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 9 - Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-14-8
• ^ Heinrich Schultheis: Roses: the best types and varieties for the garden , p. 58, Ulmer: Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-8001-6601-1
• ^ Ute Bauer: Old Roses: History, Use, Design, Nursing Practice , p. 14, BLV: Munich 2004, ISBN 3-405-16713-2
• ^ Flora of China: Rosa chinensis
• ^ Phillips, R.; Rix, M. (2004). The Ultimate Guide to Roses: A Comprehensive Selection . Macmillan. ISBN 1-4050-4920-0 .
• ^ Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 9 - Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-14-8 (Sections Description, Occurrence and Systematics)
• Plants for a Future: Rosa chinensis

The Secret to Growing Breathtaking China Roses Revealed!

CarlBroadbent

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Imagine yourself surrounded by the captivating beauty of China Rose, an exotic and exquisite flowering plant that can bring a touch of tropical paradise right into your home.

As you delve into the world of this remarkable bloom, you’ll find that it not only offers stunning visual appeal but also holds a rich cultural significance.

With its vibrant colors and intricate flower structure, Hibiscus rosa sinensis has become a symbol of everything exotic and enchanting.

In this comprehensive guide, we will walk you through everything you need to know about China Rose – from planting and repotting to proper watering techniques, pruning, fertilization, and common issues.

So get ready to embark on an exciting journey as we explore the ins and outs of nurturing this incredible plant to ensure it thrives in your care.

You’ll soon discover how rewarding it can be to cultivate such an alluring piece of nature’s artistry within your own living space, so pull up your patio cushions and let’s talk about China rose.

Table of Contents

All About China Rose

If you’re fascinated by exotic plants, the China rose is an excellent choice, as it can reach up to 13 feet in its natural environment and offers stunning blooms from March to November.

Also known as Hibiscus rosa-sinensis or Rosa chinensis, this captivating plant belongs to the Malvaceae family and is native to tropical regions.

The China rose features glossy dark green leaves and large flowers that come in a variety of colors, such as red, pink, yellow, orange, or even multicolored varieties. It thrives in well-lit conditions but can also grow in partial shade.

To ensure a healthy and vibrant China rose plant at home or in your garden, be sure to provide proper care throughout the year.

This includes repotting in the spring with a mix of healthy soil for optimal growth; pruning delicately and regularly removing wilted flowers (deadheading) to encourage more flower buds; fertilizing during the growth phase with flower plant fertilizer; and watering according to seasonal needs—more frequently in warmer months while reducing water input during cooler periods.

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Watch for common issues like aphids, scale insects, or excessive air dryness that could lead to problems such as leaves dropping off unexpectedly.

Caring for your China rose requires paying attention not only to its basic needs but also understanding how small changes may affect its overall health.

By providing adequate sunlight exposure without scorching its leaves; choosing a balanced mix of garden soil, soil mix, and heath when planting outdoors; sheltering it from strong winds; addressing pests early on; and adjusting watering habits based on temperature fluctuations—you’ll foster a thriving environment where your China rose can flourish.

With proper care and dedication, you’ll be rewarded with an exotic beauty that will captivate all who lay eyes on it—and perhaps inspire others around you to embrace their own subconscious desire to understand nature’s wonders through gardening!

Planting and Repotting

When it comes to planting and repotting your lovely china rose, there are a few essential tips and tricks that’ll make the process a breeze!

First and foremost, choose a well-lit spot for your plant, as china roses thrive in direct sunlight. However, be cautious of excessive heat or strong sun exposure, as this could lead to the withering of leaves. For outdoor planting, select a sun-bathed area sheltered from stronger winds.

Combine garden soil, soil mix, and heath when planting outdoors to provide optimal growing conditions for your china rose.

Repotting is typically performed in March when your china rose has outgrown its current pot. To start the process, choose a pot slightly larger than the previous one to accommodate growth. Place gravel or clay beads at the bottom of the pot for proper drainage – you don’t want those roots drowning!

Next, prepare a mixture of one part soil mix and one part heath, as this provides an ideal environment for root development. Be gentle when handling your china rose during repotting; delicately rearrange any roots that may have become tangled while transferring them into their new home.

You can also display your repotted flower on a wooden potting bench . This way, you can easily position it where you need to and enjoy it closer.

Watering is another critical aspect of successfully planting and repotting your china rose. In spring and summer months, water once or twice a week – but be mindful not to overwater! Allow the soil surface to dry off between watering sessions so that excess moisture doesn’t cause root rot or other issues like unexpected leaf drop-off.

During fall and winter months, reduce water input according to ambient temperatures since lower temperatures will slow down the plant’s water consumption rate.

By following these simple yet effective tips on planting and repotting, your beautiful China Rose plant can flourish indoors or outdoors in mild climates – adding an exotic touch wherever it may grow!

Proper Watering Techniques

Proper watering techniques are crucial for keeping your china rose healthy and vibrant, so don’t worry. We’ve got the scoop on how to quench this exotic beauty’s thirst without drowning its roots or encouraging unwanted issues!

Since China roses prefer evenly moist soil but not standing water, it’s essential to strike a balance between providing enough moisture without overdoing it. Here are some key factors to consider when watering your China rose:

• Drainage : Make sure your pot has adequate drainage holes at the bottom, and use gravel or clay beads in the base of the pot. This will help prevent excess water from pooling around the roots, which can cause rot.
• Frequency : Water your China rose once or twice a week during spring and summer months when temperatures are warmer. In fall and winter, reduce water input to match ambient temperatures.
• Moisture check : Before watering again, let the top layer of soil dry out slightly by sticking your finger about an inch into the soil; if it feels dry at that depth, it’s time to give your plant a drink.
• Watering method : Water slowly and deeply at the base of the plant rather than over its leaves; this prevents fungal growth on foliage caused by excessive moisture.
• Monitoring : Keep an eye out for signs such as wilting leaves (which could indicate too much heat or sun exposure) or unexpected leaf drops due to excess water.

Remember that proper watering techniques for your China rose aren’t just about following a rigid schedule – they involve being attentive to your plant’s specific needs according to environmental factors such as seasonality and temperature shifts.

By monitoring changes in these factors and adjusting accordingly, you can provide just-right amounts of moisture that’ll keep those stunning blooms coming back year after year.

So go ahead – give those china roses some H2O TLC! With careful attention to drainage, frequency, moisture levels, and watering methods, you’ll be well on your way to nurturing a happy, healthy, and gorgeous China rose.

And when those exotic blooms start bursting forth in all their glory, you’ll know that your efforts have truly paid off!

Pruning and Fertilization

Time to grab those pruning shears and whip out the fertilizer – let’s dive into keeping your China rose in top shape through proper pruning and nourishment!

Pruning is essential for maintaining a well-shaped plant with strong branches, while fertilization ensures that your rosa has all the necessary nutrients for optimal growth and flowering.

The best time to prune your China rose is in March, as this allows you to delicately remodel its silhouette before it enters its growth phase.

When pruning your China rose, focus on removing dead or damaged branches and any overcrowded or crossing stems. This will help promote air circulation and prevent diseases from spreading throughout the plant.

Additionally, be sure to remove wilted flowers regularly (also known as deadheading) – doing so not only keeps your plant looking tidy but also encourages further blooming.

As for fertilization, adding a flower plant fertilizer during the growth phase will provide your China rose with essential nutrients that promote vibrant blooms and healthy foliage. To apply fertilizer properly, follow the instructions on the packaging regarding recommended dosage and frequency.

It’s important not to over-fertilize, as this can cause more harm than good by leading to an excess of salts in the soil, which can damage roots or create nutrient imbalances.

Also, keep in mind that watering practices play a crucial role in ensuring proper nutrient uptake; make sure you’re adjusting water input according to ambient temperatures and allowing soil to dry out between waterings.

With regular pruning and just-right fertilization combined with other care practices mentioned above, you’ll have a flourishing China rose that showcases its exotic beauty year after year!

Common Issues and Solutions

Caring for your beloved Chinese hibiscus can be a breeze, but it’s essential to watch for common issues and learn how to tackle them gracefully.

One such issue is when the China rose leaves wither due to excess heat or strong sun exposure. To prevent this, make sure your plant is placed in a well-lit area but not directly exposed to harsh sunlight.

If you notice that the leaves are sticky and pasty with tiny insects invading, you’re likely dealing with an aphid attack. A simple solution would be to spray water mixed with black soap on the affected areas; this will help eliminate the aphids without harming the plant.

Another problem you might encounter is when flower buds fall off before blooming, usually caused by excessive air dryness.

To address this concern, maintain proper humidity levels around your China rose by placing a tray filled with water and pebbles beneath the pot or using a humidifier in your living space.

You should also keep an eye out for scale insects, which leave behind a white cottony residue on the leaves. To remove these pests from your precious plant, use rubbing alcohol on a cotton swab and gently wipe away any visible scale insects.

One more common issue faced by China rose enthusiasts is unexpected leaf drops, often resulting from excess water in the soil. To avoid this problem, ensure that you’re not overwatering your plant – let the ground dry off before watering again and provide good drainage at the bottom of its pot.

By following these solutions and closely monitoring your hibiscus’ health, you’ll have better success in maintaining its vibrant beauty while preventing diseases from wreaking havoc on your beloved exotic symbol of all things tropical!

Outdoor Planting Considerations

Now that you’re familiar with some common issues and their solutions let’s dive into the specifics of outdoor planting for your China rose. Growing these beautiful plants outdoors can be rewarding, but it requires careful consideration of various factors to ensure a healthy and thriving plant.

In this section, we’ll discuss important aspects to consider when planting China rose outside.

• Location: Choose an area in your garden that receives full sun and is sheltered from strong winds. China roses need plenty of sunlight to grow well.
• Soil: Plant your China rose in a mix of garden soil, soil mix, and heath to provide the right amount of nutrients and drainage.
• Climate: Pay attention to temperature changes in your area as these plants are sensitive to freezing temperatures. If you live in a region where it frequently freezes, consider planting a different hibiscus variety such as althea or rose mallow instead.
• Watering: Ensure proper watering when growing outdoors; similar to indoor care, allow the ground to dry off before watering again.

Remember that while outdoor planting can be successful under certain conditions, China roses are primarily grown as indoor plants in regions where freezing temperatures occur regularly during the winter months.

By following these guidelines on location selection, soil preparation, climate awareness, and watering habits, you will not only increase the likelihood of success when growing your china rose outdoors but also maintain its exotic beauty all year round.

So go ahead and give outdoor planting a try if you live in an appropriate climate! With adequate attention paid to each aspect mentioned above – from selecting the perfect sun-filled spot for your plant’s new home down to maintaining proper water levels – there’s no reason why you won’t end up with a flourishing china rose to adorn your garden space for everyone around you (and yourself) to enjoy!

To make the environment of your garden even more inviting, consider adding wind chimes to a few nearby trees.

You’ve now got the knowledge to properly care for your China Rose and help it thrive. Embrace this exotic flower’s beauty and enjoy its captivating presence in your home or garden.

Remember, with proper exposure, watering, pruning, and fertilization. Your plant can grow up to 13 feet tall outdoors!

Did you know that there are over 200 species of hibiscus plants? That’s a testament to their adaptability and popularity around the world.

Take pride in being a part of this global community cultivating these stunning flowers. Next, learn about all the different kinds of thornless roses .

About the author

The best part of my garden is my pond… no wait my roses! Okay, there’s a few things I love about my garden. Not to mention my seating area where I love to relax, read and enjoy a cool drink.

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Essay on Rose Flower for Students & Children in English

January 10, 2024 by Sandeep

Essay on Rose Flower: The queen of flowers, rose is very beautiful and attractive. It grows in different colours like red, white, yellow, pink and other varieties. Small thorns on the stem protect the plant. In terms of literature, the flower has been glorified as signs of love, compassion and eternal beauty. Rose petals are popularly used in face packs and for preparing fragrances. They stand out amongst all decorative flowers. They beautify garlands and found in all places of worship.

Short Essay on Rose Flower (100 Words)

The rose is one of the most popular flowers in the whole world. It appears in many colours, although the bold red rose is the most well-known because it symbolizes love. The other colour variants of roses include white, pink and yellow. White roses symbolize peace; yellow roses indicate friendship, and pink roses are a symbol of gratefulness and joy.

Roses grow in the form of shrubs. Flowers eventually grow into fruits, and similarly, when rose petals fall off, the rosehip fruit grows in its place. They have small thorns all over their stems to protect themselves and harm those who are greedy to pluck them. Their petals are soft and delicate, and form layers around the stamen and stigma.

Essay on Rose Flower 200 Words in English

All flowers are a treasure to this Earth. They come in various different shapes, sizes, colours and patterns. My favourite, however, is definitely the rose. While it does appear in many colours, the bold red rose is the most popular across the world to symbolize love. Roses grow in the form of shrubs. They have small thorns all over their stems to protect themselves and harm those who are greedy to pluck them. Their petals are soft and delicate. The other colour variants of roses include white, pink and yellow. White roses are said to symbolize peace, yellow roses indicate friendship and pink roses are a symbol of gratefulness and joy.

Roses have a pleasant smell, which makes them an important ingredient for many perfumes. Roses are also used to make rose water and rose oil, not to mention rose flavoured drinks. They are also used to make garlands or to simply be a part of bouquets that can be gifted to loved ones.

The 7th of February is referred to as Rose Day, which is a special day when you give a rose to someone you love. This extends to friends and family members as well, and you can take it as an opportunity to show how much you care about them using the popular symbol. What I love about the rose is that it has a lot of emotional significance in society, and I think that makes it the most beautiful flower of them all.

10 Lines Essay on Rose Flower in English

• The rose is one of the most popular flowers in the entire world.
• It appears in many colours, although the bold red rose is the most well-known because it symbolizes love.
• Roses grow in the form of shrubs.
• The fruit of the rose shrub is called rosehip and has medicinal benefits.
• They have small thorns all over their stems to protect themselves and harm those who are greedy to pluck them.
• Roses have a pleasant smell, which makes them an important ingredient for many perfumes.
• Roses are also used to make rosewater, rose oil and rose flavoured drinks.
• Rosewater is used in a lot of sweets across the world, most notably gulab jamun, barfi and Turkish delight.
• Roses also have an important place in many parts of the world in art and history.
• The 7th of February is referred to as Rose Day, which is a special day when roses are gifted to loved ones.

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Essay On Rose Flower – 10 Lines, Short And Long Essay For Children

Key Points To Remember When Writing An Essay On Rose For Lower Primary Classes

10 lines on rose for kids, a paragraph on rose for children, short essay on rose flower in english for kids, long essay on rose for children, what will your child learn from the essay on rose.

Rose is a flower so beautiful that it has invoked inspiration in several artists and poets. Children are familiar with the rose and other such flowers right from toddlerhood when they took strolls in the garden, to the time they started enjoying picture books, to learning the alphabet ‘R’ for rose. The flower may have been a part of their home décor, or a gift they gave someone on an occasion.

So when asked to write an essay on rose in English, children may not face a lot of difficulties. For a topic like this, children can write about their opinions and personal experiences along with a few facts that they can learn and memorise. Let us guide your child to write a good essay on rose for classes 1, 2 and 3.

Keep these tips in mind to learn how to write an essay on rose flower

• A good essay needs excellent unique points to be researched.
• Facts should be combined with personal experiences and anecdotes to make the topic relatable.
• The language should be grammatically correct with use of appropriate vocabulary.
• Short essays can talk about the basic properties of a rose and its uses for us, while long essays can go deeper into the details about the flower and how it plays a part in our lives.

Read these few lines on rose to learn how to write an essay for class 1 and 2:

• Rose is one of the most beautiful flowers among several others.
• It has beautiful petals and a stem that is usually full of thorns.
• Roses can be found in many colours, our of which red and white are more common.
• Apart from that, there are pink and yellow roses too.
• Apart from their beautiful look, roses have a wonderful fragrance that freshen up any space.
• Roses are so popular that they are one of the most preferred flowers for gifting.
• Moreover, a special ‘Rose Day’ too is celebrated on February 12 every year, when people gift each other roses to signify their affection.
• The flower also has several beneficial properties, because of which many natural cosmetics use products derived from rose, like rose essence in soaps and perfumes, rose water as a humidifier, and many more.
• Rose is also an edible flower, thus the rose essence is added to many things like milk, sherbet, lassi, and even desserts like mithais and chocolates.
• Rose is rightfully called the king of flowers.

Once you have learnt a few facts on the rose flower, you can go on to compose a small paragraph on the given topic. Here is an example:

The queen of flowers, rose is very beautiful and attractive. It grows in different colours like red, white, yellow, pink and other varieties. Small thorns on the stem protect the plant. In the world of art, poetry and literature, rose has been glorified as a symbol of love, compassion and eternal beauty. So it is one of the most commonly used flowers when gifting a bouquet or decorating a space with floral arrangements. Rose also has many beneficial properties. So they are used in many home remedies and self-care products. Rose is also the most beautifully fragrant flower, and its essence is also used in many cosmetic products like creams, soaps and perfumes. Interestingly, the rose is an edible flower so it lends itself to several recipes like rose milk or rose lassi, or even rose flavoured candy, chocolates and mithais. Roses stand out amongst all other beautiful and colourful flowers.

Once you have mastered how to write about rose in a small paragraph, you can elaborate your points to compose a small essay. Make sure you have a good introduction and conclusion and present unique points with each paragraph. Take a look at the example of a composition on rose given below:

The rose is one of the most well known flowers in the world. It is popularly known as the flower of love. Roses can be found in different colours but the red coloured rose is the most favourite one for many people. It is one of the most beautiful flowers.

The composition of a rose flower is one of nature’s best beauties. Even at the bud stage, it looks extremely pretty like a ruby gemstone. When it blooms, the rose has many layers of petals. It has a centre with stamen and pollen like all flowers. A rose bush typically has plenty of thorns to protect the flower from animals. Roses come in many different colours and varieties. Although the red rose is the most commonly found colour.

Rose is most known for its sweet and refreshing fragrance. That’s why, people love decorating roses in vases. The essence of the rose flower is used in many fragrances such as perfumes, body soaps, room fresheners and many others.

Rose is also an edible flower so its petals are used in many different types of recipes either as a flavouring ingredient or simply as a beautiful, colourful garnish.

Rose is also known to be a pure flower and is used as an offering to God during prayers. Temples and are decorated with roses during important days like festivals and the flowers are also used to make garlands.

Because of its beauty, rose has inspired several artists, painters and poets, and the flower has become a symbol of love. Different colours of roses stand for different human emotions. Red rose is a symbol of love. Yellow rose stands for friendship. A white rose is the symbol of purity and pink rose is for joy.

Because of the popularity of rose, a special day is earmarked to express emotions with a rose. ‘Rose Day’ is celebrated on February 12 every year, when people gift each other roses to signify their affection.

When students of class 3 are assigned to write an essay on rose, they will be required to write an extensive composition. For this, guide your child to organise their ideas into various subheadings and elaborate on each point. Here is an example of a long essay for class 3:

Rose is a beautiful flower with a sweet fragrance. It is a very popular flower that can be found commonly in gardens. It is my favourite flower because it is the epitome of beauty and purity. Rose signifies many emotions, like love and joy. That’s why we gift roses or bouquets of roses to the ones we love.

Roses can be grown in flower beds as well as flower pots. It can be found in many parts of the world, when grown under the right conditions. They require some sunlight, cool climate and regular watering. Even in cities where these weather conditions are not met, roses can be grown in special arrangements like greenhouse.

Origin Of Rose Flower

Initially, rose flowers were known to be wildflowers, and they came from many parts of the earth. They are found in many continents, like Asia, Europe, North America, and northwest Africa. According to research, there are over a hundred species of roses that have been discovered in the world. Research then found means to grow these wildflowers in the vicinity of houses especially in gardens.

Importance And Uses Of Rose Flower

Rose is most popular for its good scent. This is because, naturally, the rose flower produces a beautiful fragrance. This fragrance comes from its petals, as there are tiny perfume glands on them. So, rose extracts are used as natural perfumes.

Similarly, rose water extracted out of rose petals is used in many cultures for many purposes. It has many beneficial effects on the skin when applied directly, thus, it is part of many cosmetic products.

Rose petals can be eaten even in their raw form, thus, rose is used as a natural flavouring ingredient. In the simplest form, the rose essence is used to make syrups which is used in preparations like rose falooda, rose sherbet and rose milk. Rose petals mixed with sugar are also used to prepare a sweet preserve known as gulkand, which is eaten for a cooling effect in the stomach.

Rose flower has a symbolic significance in different cultures. For example, the red rose is a symbol of love. No other flower is as popular as a red rose when it comes to conveying feelings of love. This is evident from the huge number of red roses used on special occasions like weddings, anniversaries, engagements and Valentine’s Day. Not just that, there is a special day dedicated to expressing emotions by gifting roses. Rose Day is observed every year on February 12.

Essay writing is an important assignment that helps children develop their writing skills. FOr this assignment, children will be required to gather some facts on the rose flower and combine that information with their own observations and opinions. This will help them improve their creative thinking and imagination. It will also expand their vocabulary as they learn to express themselves using new words.

1. What Is The Best Time To Plant Rose Flower?

A. Rose bushes are best planted in the spring season or in the fall. Planting early enough in the fall gives the root enough time to establish before the plants go dormant over the winter. Especially in countries that experience severe frost.

2. How Long Does The Rose Flower Live?

A. The average lifespan of a rose plant is 35 years, but if maintained well in good conditions, it can go on to live for much longer. Regular feeding and thick mulching is the key to ensuring longevity.

3. Are Black Coloured Roses Natural?

A. Yes, the flowers that are popularly known as ‘Black Roses’ are naturally occurring flowers. However, these flowers only appear black in colour. If you look closely, you will realise that they are actually a very dark red or purple. An actual black-coloured rose can also be obtained but only through dyeing.

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• Published: 03 November 2022

Transcriptomic profiling of rose flower under treatment of various phytohormones and plant growth regulators

• Xintong Liu 1   na1 ,
• Jie Wu 1   na1 ,
• Fangfang Ji 1 ,
• Xiaoqian Cao 1 ,
• Qingcui Zhao 1 ,
• Chenxia Cheng 1 ,
• Nan Ma   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-2176-3133 1 ,
• Xiaofeng Zhou 1 &
• Zhao Zhang   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7323-5500 1 , 2  

Scientific Data volume  9 , Article number:  669 ( 2022 ) Cite this article

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4 Citations

Metrics details

• Gene expression
• Transcriptomics

Rose is one of the most important ornamental plants, accounting for one-third of the world’s fresh cut flower market. The vase life refers to the period of a cut flower retaining its appearance in a vase. During this period, the rose was subjected to a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses, resulting in a reduction in the life of cut flowers. Numerous studies have been carried out on cut rose, which proves the effects of various plant hormones on post-harvest dehydration, petal senescence and abscission, disease and vase life of cut rose flowers. In addition, the natural or synthetic hormones or its inhibitor have been successfully used in cut flower preservatives to extend the vase life of rose. However, there is still a lack of systematic and in-depth research on the expression of rose genes related to plant hormone response. Here we analyzed the gene expression changes of the rose flower under treatment of 11 different plant hormones or its inhibitors in order to provide reference for rose studies.

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Background & Summary

Rose ( Rosa sp.) is the most popular flower crop in the world. With its long history of cultivation, the rose has been endowed with cultural connotations in both the eastern and western world. In 2016, the worldwide turnover of cut roses was 4.96 billion euros, accounting for 29.7% of total cut flowers, which was the largest in flower crops (AIPH, 2016).

The vase life refers to the duration of a cut flower retaining its appearance in a vase. It is therefore the most important trait to the ornamental crops that are used as a cut flower, including rose. During the early vase life period, flowers open and appeal flavor, later they start the senescence, dehydration and abscission of petals. In addition, cut flowers are also subject to postharvest diseases, such as gray mold disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea . All these physiological changes occur at a specific stage and in a highly synchronized manner, involving the balance of phytohormones in the flower and up- or down-regulation of numerous genes in various hormones pathways.

Therefore, the effects of plant hormones that extend vase life are major component of floriculture research and have been studied at the physiological and biochemical levels for several decades. Many of chemicals involved in plant hormones and their inhibitors have been added into the preservatives to improve the post-harvesting fresh keeping and vase life of cut rose. In rose, a number of studies have reported that flower opening, petal senescence, dehydration and abscission can be affected by abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinins (CKs), ethylene (ET) and gibberellins (GAs) 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 . In addition, recently, role of brassinosteroids (BRs), jasmonic acid (JA) and ET in rose petal defense against B. cinerea infection have been reported 9 , 10 .

However, the global gene expression pattern of rose flowers behind hormonal treatment has not been well-studied yet. To date, the only involved transcriptome data is screening of ethylene responsive genes from rose flowers (SRA045958), which is currently presented in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) 11 .

The information on the molecular mechanism of phytohormones regulating flower traits remains scarce due to the lack of transcriptome. Therefore, transcriptome data from rose petals after different hormone treatments will be useful for studying the expression patterns of hormone-related genes and excavating key genes that regulate flower traits. Using RNA-seq, we recently investigated the transcriptomic dynamics of rose flower under the treatment of eleven natural or synthetic hormones, including auxin, BRs, CKs, GAs, ABA, JA, salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET) as well as ethylene inhibitors. We obtained approximately 240 Gb data and dissected the transcriptional network with the aim of exploring the transcriptional variation of rose responses towards those plant hormones. Our data will be useful to all those working with the analysis of rose gene expression.

Plant materials

Rosa hybrida ‘Samantha’, a classic hybrid tea rose cultivar and frequently used for cut flowers, has a red colour and mild fragrance. The ‘Samantha’ plant was grown under a plastic cover in Changping District (40°139 N, 116°129E), Beijing, China. In Spring of 2017, cut flower samples were harvested at developmental stage 2 of flower opening 1 .

Exogenous phytohormone treatment

Flowering rose stems were cut into lengths of 30 cm and placed in aqueous solutions of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4-epibrassinolide (BR), 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), ABA, gibberellic acid 3 (GA3), JA, SA, as well as ethylene inhibitor AgNO 3 , respectively, for 24 h under the controlled conditions of 22 °C with 30% to 40% relative humidity and 16 h/8 h day/night periods. ‘Samantha’ treated with deionized water were used as the control. For ethylene (ET) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment, rose flowers were exposed to ethylene, 1-MCP, or regular air as the control, for 24 h and 1 M NaOH was used to absorb CO 2 released by respiration. The detailed information and final concentration of chemical agents were listed in Table  1 . For each treatment, three replicates were harvested and 4 flowers were randomly collected for each replicate.

RNA extraction, library construction, and Illumina sequencing

Total RNA was extracted from the outer layer of rose petals using the hot borate reagent following the previous description 3 . The quality of the RNA was verified by agarose gel electrophoresis, NanoDrop 2000 spectrophotometers (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and Agilent Technologies 2100 Bio-analyzer, all samples QC results were shown in Table  2 . The libraries were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq™ 2500 system (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Illumina sequencing was conducted at Novogene, Beijing, China.

Data Records

Our 39 raw data of RNA-seq were deposited into the NCBI database at Sequence Read Archive (SRA) with the accession number PRJNA522664 12 .

Average gene expression (fragments per kb per million reads, FPKM) information of each experiment was deposited in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) in NCBI, number GSE140696 13 .

Technical Validation

Our 39 raw data were achieved on Illumina HiSeq. The raw data was cleaned by removing the adaptor sequences, reads containing N > 10% (N represents the base cannot be determined), as well as low quality (Qscore <  = 5) base which is over 50% of the total base (Table  3 ) 14 . FastQC was used to test the quality of 78 paired-end clean data 15 . We have shown the quality control results of BR-3 clean data as an illustration (Fig.  1 ). The FPKM (fragments per kb per million reads) of 39 samples representing different treatments were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), and the clear separation between the treatment and mock was detected (Fig.  2 ).

Quality control result of BR-3 clean data. ( A ) Quality score of per position in read. ( B ) Quality score of mean sequence. ( C ) GC content distribution. ( D ) Sequence length distribution.

The principal components analysis (PCA) of RNA-seq data following hormone treatments. ( A – I ). represented the PCA of 2,4-D, NAA, ABA, BR, 6-BA, GA3, JA, SA and AgNO 3 compared with mock treatment (H 2 O). ( J ) and ( K ) represented the PCA of ET and 1-MCP compared with air (ET-CK).

Clean reads were mapped to reference genome Rosa chinensis ‘Old blash’ (RchiOBHm-V2, GCF_002994745.1) 16 by default parameters of Tophat2(version 2.1.1). Then use Cufflinks (version 2.2.0) to generate transcriptome with the Tophat2 (version 2.1.1) resulting alignment files, the assemblies were merged with the Cuffmerge, which is included in the Cufflinks package. These merged results provide a uniform basis for calculating gene and transcript expression. Then the merged assembles were provided to Cuffdiff, which calculated expression levels and tested the statistical significance of observed changes.

Average gene expression information of each experiment was deposited in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) in NCBI, number GSE140696. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by DESeq (Anders et al ., 2013) and defined as genes with |log2 fold change (FC)| ≥ 0.5, and an adjusted P -value < 0.05. The number of DEGs for 11 treatments compared with the control, was shown in Fig.  3 .

The number of different expression genes (DEGs) in rose petals under exogenous phytohormone treatments. The DEGs were determined with |log2 fold change (FC)| ≥ 0.5, and an adjusted P -value < 0.05.

In addition, we have analyzed the DEGs under auxin-related plant growth regulators (2,4-D and NAA) and ethylene-related chemicals (ET, 1-MCP and AgNO 3 ). The results showed that 132 overlapped DEGs were identified under 2,4-D and NAA treatments (Fig.  4A ). Among the 132 DEGs, 84.09% showed a similar expression pattern under the two different auxin-related plant growth regulators (Fig.  4C ). In ET-, 1-MCP- and AgNO 3 treatments, there were 245 overlapped DEGs were screened out (Fig.  4B ). Although both 1-MCP and AgNO 3 are the inhibitors of ET, they work in different ways. We have identified that 81.3% and 26.1% of the 245 DEGs played an opposite expression pattern in 1-MCP and AgNO 3 treatment compared with it in ET treatment, respectively (Fig.  4D ).

The DEGs among auxin related hormone (2,4-D and NAA), ethylene and its inhibitors (AgNO 3 and 1-MCP). ( A ). Venn diagram depicted the number and overlap DEGs from 2,4-D- and NAA- treatments. ( B ). Venn diagram depicted the number and overlap DEGs from ET-, AgNO3- and 1-MCP- treatments. ( C ). The heatmap of overlap DEGs by hierarchical cluster analysis among 2,4-D- and NAA- treatments. ( D ). The heatmap of overlap DEGs by hierarchical cluster analysis among ET-, AgNO3- and 1-MCP- treatments.

Code availability

The following software and versions were used for quality control and data processing:

1. FastQC: https://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc (version 0.11.9).

2. TopHat2: http://ccb.jhu.edu/software/tophat/index.shtml (version 2.1.1).

3. Cufflinks: http://cole-trapnell-lab.github.io/cufflinks (version 2.2.0).

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants numbers 31772344 and 31972444) and The National Key Research and Development Program of China National Key Research and Development Project (2020YFD1000403) to ZZ.

Author information

These authors contributed equally: Xintong Liu, Jie Wu.

Authors and Affiliations

Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China

Xintong Liu, Jie Wu, Fangfang Ji, Xiaoqian Cao, Qingcui Zhao, Chenxia Cheng, Nan Ma, Xiaofeng Zhou & Zhao Zhang

Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China

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Contributions

X.L., J.W. and F.J. designed and performed the experiments, de-novo assembly and functional annotations, submitted the data to Genbank and complemented the writing of the manuscript. X.C., Q.Z. and C.C. performed the experiments and contributed to data analysis and manuscript writing. N.M. and X.Z. planed the project, analyzed part of data and complemented the writing. Z.Z. planned the project, designed and supervised the experiments, coordinated the collaboration of the authors and wrote the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Xiaofeng Zhou or Zhao Zhang .

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Liu, X., Wu, J., Ji, F. et al. Transcriptomic profiling of rose flower under treatment of various phytohormones and plant growth regulators. Sci Data 9 , 669 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01800-w

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Received : 28 June 2022

Accepted : 20 October 2022

Published : 03 November 2022

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01800-w

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