literature review in french

French Language & Literature Library Guide: How To Do A Literature Review

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Do you want to know how a book was received by scholars? Are you trying to determine the quality of a particular book? Or, are you just interested in knowing if a book is worth reading? Book reviews are a great place to start. This guide provides guidance on finding two types of book reviews, those for a general audience and those for a scholarly audience.

Reviews for a General Audience

Literature and popular works (memoirs, travel writing, manuals, etc.) are often reviewed by journalists or fellow authors upon publication in newspapers or magazines. Use the following databases to find reviews in these publications.

• Book Review Index This link opens in a new window & more less... A comprehensive online guide to book reviews with over five million review citations from thousands of publications.
• Book Review Digest Plus This link opens in a new window & more less... Book Review Digest is a reference database that provides review excerpts and book summaries for current English-language fiction and non-fiction books. Limit of 1 simultaneous user.
• Book Review Digest Retrospective This link opens in a new window 1903-1982 & more less... Indexes and abstracts reviews of English language adult and juvenile fiction and non-fiction titles. Reviews are selected from journals in the humanities, sciences, social sciences and library review media.

Other Sources for Book Reviews

Many reviews are published in newspapers and magazines. Use the guides below to find the best databases to search for reviews in these publications.

• How do I find magazines? by Ask a Librarian Updated Feb 17, 2024 312 views this year
• How do I find newspapers? by Ask a Librarian Updated Apr 3, 2024 4365 views this year

Reviews for a Scholarly Audience

Scholarly books are reviewed in academic or peer-reviewed journals and are written by academics. As these reviews place the work in the context of current scholarship, they can take several years to appear after the book was published.

Starting Points

• JSTOR This link opens in a new window Recommended Starting Point . Use Advanced Search and limit to "Reviews". You can also limit by discipline. & more less... A database of back issues of core journals in the humanities, social sciences, and sciences. All issues of each journal are included in full-text except for the most recent 2-to-5 years.
• IBR Online This link opens in a new window & more less... Multilingual and interdisciplinary index to book reviews, chiefly in the arts, humanities and social sciences.
• Web of Science This link opens in a new window Conduct your search for book or author, and then limit to "Book Reviews". & more less... Authoritative, multidisciplinary content covers over 10,000 of the highest impact journals worldwide, including Open Access journals and over 110,000 conference proceedings. You'll find current and retrospective coverage in the sciences, social sciences, arts, and humanities, with coverage available to 1900. Includes the Science Citation Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Arts & Humanities Citation Index. Web of Science is especially useful for its citation linking.
• Periodicals Index Online This link opens in a new window & more less... Part of Nineteenth Century Index. Indexes the contents of thousands of periodicals in the humanities and social sciences from 1665 to 1995, including many European titles. Includes links to some full-text articles. Dates of full-text coverage vary by title.
• Humanities & Social Sciences Index Retrospective This link opens in a new window & more less... Database corresponds to International Index, 1907 - March 1965; Social Sciences & Humanities Index, April 1965 March 1974; Humanities Index, April 1974 March 1984; and Social Sciences Index, April 1974 March 1983

Other Databases for Book Reviews

We strongly recommend searching the article database or index that covers the academic literature in a specific field for reviews. Use the Advanced Search option and limit to "Book Reviews" or "Reviews".  Find the best database for book reviews in your field by using our subject guides.

• Library Subject Guides

Book Review Indexes in Print

Below are a few print sources for finding book reviews.

• Combined Retrospective Index to Book Reviews in Humanities Journals, 1802-1974 & more less... 10 vols. Ed by Evan Ira Farber. Woodbridge: Research Publications, 1982-1984. Covers 150 literature, philosophy, classics, folklore, linguistics & music journals, from England and the US Organized by primary authors or editors and then by book titles.
• Literary and Historical index to American Magazines, 1800-1850 & more less... Ed by Daniel A. Wells & Jonathan Daniel Wells. Westport: Praeger, 2004.

Ask a Librarian

Publications with Book Reviews

• London Review of Books Library has on microfilm 1979 - present.
• New York Review of Books This link opens in a new window & more less... New York Review of Books reviews contemporary books in all subject areas.
• New Yorker Library has in print 1925 - present.
• Publishers Weekly Library has in print and microfilm 1873 - present. Recent issues available online via Find It!
• TLS: Times Literary Supplement Historical Archive This link opens in a new window & more less... Covers 1902-2006. This easy-to-navigate, fully-searchable resource is a witness to the cultural revolutions of the last 100 years and offers unparalleled opportunities for tracking the views of influential opinion-makers, the response of their peers, the controversies of the day and how they developed. --Publisher's website
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• Subjects: French Literature , Humanities , Literature
• Tags: French , humanities , literary criticism , literature
• Updated: Mar 28, 2024 1:36 PM
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Selected Resources for Articles

Searches multiple literary sources, including: Dictionary of Literary Biography, Literature Criticism Online, Literature Resource Center, Scribner Writer Series, and Twayne's Authors Series. Scroll down to click on Gale's Literary Index , a master index to the major literature products published by Gale.

• UC Library Search This link opens in a new window UC Library Search is the unified discovery and borrowing system for all 10 UC Campuses. Select the UCLA Library Catalog scope to search holdings of materials owned by the UCLA Library and other UCLA collections, whether online or in print. Does not contain full-text articles or article citations. Select the Articles, books and more scope to search for materials in all 10 UC campuses. More information in this guide . OPAC, SRLF, UCLA Library Catalog
• Essays in French Literature
• Essays in French Literature and Culture
• Fr. W. Christern's Monthly Bulletin of French Literature
• French VI Bibliography; Critical and Biographical References for the Study of Nineteenth Century French Literature.
• French VII Bibliography; Critical and Biographical References for the Study of Contemporary French Literature
• L'Érudit Franco-Espagnol: An Electronic Journal of French and Hispanic Literatures.
• The New Quarterly Review and Digest of Current Literature, British, American, French, and German
• Papers on French Seventeenth Century Literature (University of Washington)
• Papers on French Seventeenth Century Literature (Verlag)
• Parlour Review, and Journal of Music, Literature, and the Fine Arts. French.
• Yale French Studies
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• Last Updated: Apr 23, 2024 10:47 PM
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What is the translation of "literature review" in French?

"literature review" in french, literature review {noun}.

• volume_up analyse documentaire

Translations

• open_in_new Link to source
• warning Request revision

Context sentences

English french contextual examples of "literature review" in french.

These sentences come from external sources and may not be accurate. bab.la is not responsible for their content.

Monolingual examples

English how to use "literature review" in a sentence, english how to use "analyse documentaire" in a sentence, similar translations, similar translations for "literature review" in french.

• littérature
• réévaluation
• compte-rendu
• faire la critique de
• faire le tour de
• faire le bilan
• passer en revue
• évaluation par les pairs
• revue de libre
• literature describe
• literature exists
• literature indicate
• literature option
• literature prize
• literature professors
• literature published
• literature reflect
• literature reports
• literature reveals
• literature review
• literature search
• literature suggests that
• literature support
• literature survey
• lithe figure
• lithe frame

Search for more words in the English-Thai dictionary .

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The French Review

Carine Bourget, University of Arizona

Journal Details

The French Review Author Guidelines

The Hopkins Press Journals Ethics and Malpractice Statement can be found at the ethics-and-malpractice  page.

Peer Review Policy

The  French Review  is the scholarly journal of the American Association of Teachers of French (AATF). AATF membership is a prerequisite for the submission of articles and reviews.

Our journal uses a double-blind peer review system. Articles submitted to the  French Review  are first screened by the Editor in Chief, who determines whether the topic is suitable for our journal and meets our standards regarding length, anonymity, use of secondary sources, etc. Articles considered for publication are then sent to two evaluators who are recognized specialists in the relevant field. This process can take one to two months. In the case of a split decision, the author has two to three months to revise the article before it is sent to a third evaluator (and, if need be, to at least one of the initial evaluators). This second evaluation process can also take one to two months. In all cases, the evaluators’ comments and suggestions are forwarded to the author by the Editor in Chief. Articles are normally published within one year of acceptance.

Submitted articles may be in English or French. We only publish articles that have not appeared elsewhere (either in the original or in translation). We do not accept simultaneous submissions. In addition to scholarly articles, the  French Review  publishes reviews of books, films, and teaching materials. These informal pieces are commissioned by their respective Review Editors, who review them for grammar, style, factual accuracy, and suitability for publication. They are not sent out for double-blind peer review.

The French Review Editorial Board

Abstracting & Indexing Databases

• Language Teaching (Online)
• Arts & Humanities Citation Index
• Current Contents
• Web of Science
• Dietrich's Index Philosophicus
• IBZ - Internationale Bibliographie der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Zeitschriftenliteratur, coverage dropped
• Internationale Bibliographie der Rezensionen Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlicher Literatur, coverage dropped
• Biography Index: Past and Present (H.W. Wilson), vol.56, 1983-vol.84, no.3, 2011
• Book Review Digest Plus (H.W. Wilson), Jun.1995-
• Current Abstracts, 7/1/2003-
• Education Abstracts (H.W. Wilson), 10/1/1980-
• Education Index (Online), 1983/04-
• Education Index Retrospective: 1929-1983, 11/1/1935-3/1/1983
• Education Research Complete, 7/1/2003-
• Education Research Index, Jul.2003-
• Education Source, 11/1/1935-
• Humanities Abstracts (H.W. Wilson), 10/1/1995-
• Humanities Index (Online), 1995/06-
• Humanities International Complete, 7/1/2003-
• Humanities International Index, 7/1/2003-
• Humanities Source, 10/1/1995-
• Humanities Source Ultimate, 10/1/1995-
• International Bibliography of Theatre & Dance with Full Text, 10/1/2000-
• Library & Information Science Source, 12/1/1945-12/1/1945
• MLA International Bibliography (Modern Language Association)
• OmniFile Full Text Mega (H.W. Wilson), 4/1/1983-
• Poetry & Short Story Reference Center, 7/1/2003-
• RILM Abstracts of Music Literature (Repertoire International de Litterature Musicale)
• Russian Academy of Sciences Bibliographies
• TOC Premier (Table of Contents), 7/1/2003-
• Scopus, 2002-2015
• Advanced Placement Fine Arts and Music, 02/1975-05/2017
• Book Review Index Plus
• Gale Academic OneFile
• Gale Academic OneFile Select, 02/1996-
• Gale General OneFile, 02/1996-
• Gale OneFile: Educator's Reference Complete, 02/1996-
• Gale OneFile: Fine Arts, 02/1975-
• InfoTrac Custom, 2/1996-
• ArticleFirst, vol.63, no.3, 1990-vol.84, no.1, 2010
• Personal Alert (E-mail)
• International Bibliography of Art, Selective
• Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (Online), Selective
• Periodicals Index Online, 10/1/1997-5/1/2000

Abstracting & Indexing Sources

• Children’s Book Review Index   (Active)  (Print)
• Index to Book Reviews in the Humanities   (Ceased)  (Print)
• MLA Abstracts of Articles in Scholarly Journals   (Ceased)  (Print)
• Social Planning - Policy & Development Abstracts   (Ceased)  (Print)

0.1 (2022) 0.1 (Five-Year Impact Factor) 0.00022 (Eigenfactor™ Score) Rank in Category (by Journal Impact Factor): Note:  While journals indexed in AHCI and ESCI are receiving a JIF for the first time in June 2023, they will not receive ranks, quartiles, or percentiles until the release of 2023 data in June 2024.

© Clarivate Analytics 2023

Published four times a year (October, December, March, and May)

Readers include: Scholars and students French and Francophone literature, cinema, culture, linguistics, and pedagogy.

Print circulation: 420

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October Issue - August 15

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May Issue - March 15

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Also of Interest

Ramesh Mallipeddi, University of British Columbia, Vancouver

Penny A. Pasque, The Ohio State University; Thomas F. Nelson Laird, Indiana University, Bloomington

Dominic Rainsford, Aarhus University, Denmark

Megan Corbin, West Chester University

Arien Mack, The New School for Social Research

Quill Kukla, Ph.D., Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University

Virginia M. Brennan, PhD, MA, Meharry Medical College

Richard J. Golsan, Texas A&M University

Elizabeth Ho, University of Hong Kong

Joseph Michael Sommers, Central Michigan University

Mária Minich Brewer and Daniel Brewer, University of Minnesota

Rosa Andújar, King's College London

William Dobson, National Endowment for Democracy and Tarek Masoud, Harvard University

Clare Anderson, University of Leicester

Meghan O’Rourke

Anjali Nerlekar, Rutgers University, and Stephen Ross, Concordia University

Eyal Amiran, University of California, Irvine and  Mathias Nilges, St. Francis Xavier University

Vasti Torres, Indiana University

Ian Gilchrist, Julio Wang, Sandeep Kumar, and Sam Subramanian

Jeraldine Kraver, University of Northern Colorado; Peter Kratzke, University of Colorado, Boulder

Georgia L. Irby, College of William & Mary

David F. Bell, Duke University; Pierre Cassou-Noguès, Université de Paris 8; Églantine Colon, California Institute of the Arts; Marion Froger, Université de Montréal; Paul A. Harris, Loyola Marymount University; Éric Méchoulan, Université de Montréal; Thangam Ravindranathan, Brown University; and Rebecca Walkowitz, Rutgers University

Robert P. Marzec, Purdue University

Charles Henry Rowell

Chrysogonus Siddha Malilang, Malmö University, Sweden

Adriana Craciun, Boston University

Nicholas Morrow Williams, Arizona State University

Katharina Gerstenberger, University of Utah

Benjamin Fraser, The University of Arizona

Elisabeth Anker, George Washington University and Hagar Kotef, SOAS , University of London

Mari Yoshihara, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

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Rhetoric: Readings in French Literature

University Lecturer in French, University of Oxford, and Fellow and Tutor in French

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Rhetoric is the art of persuasion, whether spoken or written. The first chapter of this book sets out its principles providing an easily-consulted outline of key terms and a wide range of illustrative examples. Subsequent chapters explore rhetoric at work in different genres, via close reading of texts which range from the drama of Moliere, Racine, and Beckett; Montaigne, Sevigne, and Gide on the self; the prose fiction of Laclos, Zola, and Sarraute; poetry by DʼAubigne, Baudelaire, and Cesaire; and the oratory of de Gaulle and Yourcenar. Rhetorical analysis uncovers subtleties and complexities in texts which emerge as exciting dramas of communication.

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Reviews of Peer-Reviewed Journals in the Humanities and Social Sciences

We give you the scuttlebutt on academic journals—aiding you in selecting the right journal for publication—in reviews that are sometimes snarky, sometimes lengthy, always helpful. Written by Princeton University graduate students and Wendy Laura Belcher.

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Essays in French Literature and Culture

For those interested in publishing articles in special issues on French and Francophone keywords.

Essays in French Literature and Culture is a peer-reviewed journal published once a year by the French program at the University of Western Australia.

They publish relatively short articles that pertain to a specific theme/keyword every year, as suggested by editors and authors (meaning, if you have a theme in mind, suggest it to them). Past themes have included key words such as foreignness, sports, landscapes, memory, paratexts, playtime, WWI, and conflict. While their journals are typically themed, 2018’s issue was an open issue that published on a broad range of topics including Madame Bovary , Women’s Voices in Contemporary French Literature and Culture, Ecofeminist Thought in French Women’s Early Romantic Fiction, Samuel Beckett, and Michel Houellebecq.

Articles may be written in French or in English; the journal does not seem to favor one language over the other. The website makes it slightly difficult to locate information on upcoming themes and issues, but they do offer email addresses, which would likely be the way to find this information. The journal is open to publishing articles that have more than one author.  

Useful for Submission

Word Count: 5,000 words, including notes and bibliography

Issues per year: One

Current volume number: 55

Articles per year:  On average, 10 issue per year: 11 (2018), 10 (2017), 11 (2016), 8 (2015), 9 (2014)

Citation style: author-date system. From their Guidelines for Contributors page: “Full details of works cited should be included in a list to appear between the main text and the endnotes. Wherever items in the Works Cited list are referred to, brief details may be given in brackets in the main text of the article, for example, (Deleuze, 2002, 54).”  Their guidelines for style are detailed, but do not specify a manual (MLA, Chicago?)  Do look at their guidelines before you send in an article!

Abstract length (if required): 300-word proposal (proposition) is requested. If accepted, they request an abstract of 120 words maximum.

Upcoming special issues (if available):  I could not locate the CFP for their 2019 or 2020 issues.

Relevant Editors: Hélène Jaccomard (Managing Editor) and Bonnie Thomas (Associate Editor)

Open access?: No. Must buy subscription or have institutional access.

Online?: Yes.

Bibliography (articles in the journal consulted for this review)

Bourgeois, Bertrand, and Jade Patterson. “From Emma to Gemma, or How to Play with Madame Bovary.”  Essays in French Literature and Culture , no. 55, 2018, pp. 7-26 .

  Jonsson, Andrea. “Acousmatic, Atmospheric, in Transit: The Authority of Anonymous Women’s Voices in Contemporary French Literature and Culture.”  Essays in French Literature and Culture , 55, 2018, pp. 27-43

Margrave, Christie. “Early Developments of Ecofeminist Thought in French Women’s Early Romantic Fiction.”  Essays in French Literature and Culture , no. 55, 2018, pp. 45-64 . 

Dodd, Lindsey. “”Mon Petit Papa Chéri”: Children, Fathers and Family Separation in Vichy France.”  Essays in French Literature and Culture , no. 54, 2017, pp. 99-118.

Thatcher, Nicole. “Mémoires d’Exil : D’Une Incorporée De Force.” Essays in French Literature and Culture , no. 54, 2017, pp. 143-159.

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About Wendy Belcher

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• L’Esprit Createur
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Literature Reviews

• What is a literature review?
• Steps in the Literature Review Process
• Define your research question
• Determine inclusion and exclusion criteria
• Choose databases and search
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What is a Literature Review?

A literature or narrative review is a comprehensive review and analysis of the published literature on a specific topic or research question. The literature that is reviewed contains: books, articles, academic articles, conference proceedings, association papers, and dissertations. It contains the most pertinent studies and points to important past and current research and practices. It provides background and context, and shows how your research will contribute to the field. 

A literature review should: 

• Provide a comprehensive and updated review of the literature;
• Explain why this review has taken place;
• Articulate a position or hypothesis;
• Acknowledge and account for conflicting and corroborating points of view

From  S age Research Methods

Purpose of a Literature Review

A literature review can be written as an introduction to a study to:

• Demonstrate how a study fills a gap in research
• Compare a study with other research that's been done

Or it can be a separate work (a research article on its own) which:

• Organizes or describes a topic
• Describes variables within a particular issue/problem

Limitations of a Literature Review

Some of the limitations of a literature review are:

• It's a snapshot in time. Unlike other reviews, this one has beginning, a middle and an end. There may be future developments that could make your work less relevant.
• It may be too focused. Some niche studies may miss the bigger picture.
• It can be difficult to be comprehensive. There is no way to make sure all the literature on a topic was considered.
• It is easy to be biased if you stick to top tier journals. There may be other places where people are publishing exemplary research. Look to open access publications and conferences to reflect a more inclusive collection. Also, make sure to include opposing views (and not just supporting evidence).

Source: Grant, Maria J., and Andrew Booth. “A Typology of Reviews: An Analysis of 14 Review Types and Associated Methodologies.” Health Information & Libraries Journal, vol. 26, no. 2, June 2009, pp. 91–108. Wiley Online Library, doi:10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x.

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For help in other subject areas, please see the guide to library specialists by subject .

Periodically, UT Libraries runs a workshop covering the basics and library support for literature reviews. While we try to offer these once per academic year, we find providing the recording to be helpful to community members who have missed the session. Following is the most recent recording of the workshop, Conducting a Literature Review. To view the recording, a UT login is required.

• October 26, 2022 recording
• Last Updated: Oct 26, 2022 2:49 PM
• URL: https://guides.lib.utexas.edu/literaturereviews

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Literature in French: Theory and Criticism

Article by Jean-louis Major

Published Online February 7, 2006

Last Edited December 16, 2013

No French-language literary critic in Canada seems to have stature among writers equal to that of Bayle, Sainte-Beuve or Barthes in France. Nevertheless, several writers have won a degree of prominence as much (if not more) for their works of criticism as for their other writings. Their ranks include members of the interwar generation: Marcel Dugas, whose critical prose has poetic overtones; Berthelot Brunet, whose breezy histories of French and French Canadian literature have much more life than his vapid novels; Victor Barbeau, sole editor and jack-of-all-trades of Les Cahiers de Turc , which appeared October 1921-March 1922 and October 1926-July 1927; Valdombre (pseudonym of Claude-Henri GRIGNON ), whose virulent pamphlets ( see ESSAY IN FRENCH ) are as much polemic as criticism.

This period also saw the critical publications of Albert Pelletier, novelist and journalist Harry Bernard and poet Alfred DESROCHERS . The list is short, not because criticism has been insignificant, but because it has always been considered a marginal literary activity. And that is the paradox. Criticism, because it has usually favoured the established order, bears responsibility for the fact that Quebecers have generally viewed their literature as a reflection of society.

The earliest French Canadian critics were journalists and a few amateurs, who set themselves the task of judging the few publications that appeared according to the norms of the French language and the rules of classical verse. The first literary critic was Valentin Jautard, a Frenchman, editor of the Gazette littéraire de Montréal , fd 1778 by his compatriot, Fleury Mesplet. The versatile Michel Bibaud practised the genre in the many publications which he himself founded in rapid succession, such as L'Aurore (1816-19), Le Courrier du Bas-Canada (1819-20) and La Bibliothèque canadienne (1825-30).

Father Henri-Raymond CASGRAIN was the first to judge works systematically, according to an explicit theory of literature. His goal was to dictate the guiding principles for all literary production: literature had to be "essentially religious and devout" and was to reflect the "genius" of the nation. He made literature his apostolic mission, thus founding a tradition of clerical and moralizing criticism that was to last almost a century.

Nobody had as much prestige and influence in this field as Camille ROY . A professor and later rector at UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL , he transposed to Québec the principles of 19th-century French criticism, with emphasis on the methodology and assumptions of Gustave Lanson and, to an even greater degree, the thought of Ferdinand Brunetière. Roy, however, also believed that allowances had to be made for the infant state of the literature to which these principles were being applied. He therefore lavished praise on many mediocre works and saved his wrath for the defence of Catholic morality and the French classical ideal of clarity. Despite occasional opposition, like that of journalist Jules Fournier, who took him to task for applying to nonentities critical methodologies developed for the study of masterpieces, Roy dominated and guided the perception of French Canadian literature for almost half a century. He had many disciples, including Maurice Hébert and priest-critics Albert Dandurand, Émile Chartier, Henri d'Arles, Marc-Antonin Lamarche and Samuel Baillargeon, who produced pedagogic works imbued with the ideals of French classicism and strict moral tone. In contrast, Louis Dantin, who wrote a remarkable introduction to the poetry of Émile NELLIGAN , was a sensitive aesthete and a man of subtlety, eclectic tastes and freedom from doctrinal limitations.

The pro-establishment narrowness of this literature and literary criticism explains the violence of the clash, which lasted 1918-48 under a variety of forms and pretexts, between the literary schools of the "men of the soil" and the "exotists" - the former seeking a "national" literature expressed in a "Canadien" language, the latter, partisans of French linguistic norms, preaching emancipation from any form of regionalism. The basic argument resurfaced in the 1960s and 70s, this time in the form of a debate about the choice of language and centering on the publications and critiques of PARTI PRIS and the early plays of Michel TREMBLAY .

After WWII, several critics of considerable stature emerged, among them Guy Sylvestre, Pierre de Grandpré, Roger Duhamel and Gilles MARCOTTE ; the last three were, at different times, in charge of the literary page of LE DEVOIR . From the start of the 1960s, the tradition of journalistic criticism was maintained in the departments or weekly supplements of newspapers such as LA PRESSE , Le Devoir and Le Droit and in magazines such as Lettres québécoises devoted to current literature. National radio had a few programs of literary criticism, but television (whether Radio-Québec or Radio-Canada) virtually ignored the whole field.

The greatest growth of criticism in the last 20 years has been in university literature departments. Though it keeps close watch on French literature, this criticism is primarily concerned with Québec writings. Inspired by the transformations of criticism in France, it has multiplied and diversified its methodologies to thematic analysis, psychocriticism, sociocriticism and, more recently, structuralism and semiotics.

The 3 principal university magazines in Québec are Études françaises (U de Montréal), Études littéraires (U Laval) and Voix et images (U du Québec). The universities have also produced a wide range of monographs and surveys, most of them published in university-press collections: "Lignes québécoises" (Presses de l'Université de Montréal), "Vie des lettres québécoises" (Presses de l'Université Laval), "Cahiers du CRCCF" (Éditions de l'Université d'Ottawa), and "Constantes" and "Littérature" in the "Cahiers du Québec" series (Éditions HMH).

Despite the explosive growth of criticism since 1960 and a tradition that is more than a century old, no history of criticism has yet been written which pays as much attention to its specifically literary evolution as to its ideological evolution. Moreover, critics are now questioning the degree of their dependence on outside - especially French - methodologies and arguing the need to develop their own, along with appropriate literary theories. This may be the trend of the future.

See also LITERATURE IN FRENCH ; BOOK PUBLISHING , FRENCH-LANGUAGE .

Further Reading

F. Dumont and J.C. Falardeau, eds, Littérature et société canadienne-française (1964); G. Laflèche, ed, Dix ans de recherche québécoise sur la littérature française (1970-1979) (1980); G. Marcotte, ed, Présence de la critique (1966); G. Tougas, History of French-Canadian Literature (1966).

Recommended

Foreign Writers on Canada in French

Literature in french: scholarship and teaching, literary prizes in french.

Get science-backed answers as you write with Paperpal's Research feature

What is a Literature Review? How to Write It (with Examples)

A literature review is a critical analysis and synthesis of existing research on a particular topic. It provides an overview of the current state of knowledge, identifies gaps, and highlights key findings in the literature. 1 The purpose of a literature review is to situate your own research within the context of existing scholarship, demonstrating your understanding of the topic and showing how your work contributes to the ongoing conversation in the field. Learning how to write a literature review is a critical tool for successful research. Your ability to summarize and synthesize prior research pertaining to a certain topic demonstrates your grasp on the topic of study, and assists in the learning process. 

Table of Contents

• What is the purpose of literature review? 
• a. Habitat Loss and Species Extinction: 
• b. Range Shifts and Phenological Changes: 
• c. Ocean Acidification and Coral Reefs: 
• d. Adaptive Strategies and Conservation Efforts: 
• How to write a good literature review 
• Choose a Topic and Define the Research Question: 
• Decide on the Scope of Your Review: 
• Select Databases for Searches: 
• Conduct Searches and Keep Track: 
• Review the Literature: 
• Organize and Write Your Literature Review: 
• Frequently asked questions 

What is a literature review?

A well-conducted literature review demonstrates the researcher’s familiarity with the existing literature, establishes the context for their own research, and contributes to scholarly conversations on the topic. One of the purposes of a literature review is also to help researchers avoid duplicating previous work and ensure that their research is informed by and builds upon the existing body of knowledge.

What is the purpose of literature review?

A literature review serves several important purposes within academic and research contexts. Here are some key objectives and functions of a literature review: 2  

• Contextualizing the Research Problem: The literature review provides a background and context for the research problem under investigation. It helps to situate the study within the existing body of knowledge. 
• Identifying Gaps in Knowledge: By identifying gaps, contradictions, or areas requiring further research, the researcher can shape the research question and justify the significance of the study. This is crucial for ensuring that the new research contributes something novel to the field. 
• Understanding Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks: Literature reviews help researchers gain an understanding of the theoretical and conceptual frameworks used in previous studies. This aids in the development of a theoretical framework for the current research. 
• Providing Methodological Insights: Another purpose of literature reviews is that it allows researchers to learn about the methodologies employed in previous studies. This can help in choosing appropriate research methods for the current study and avoiding pitfalls that others may have encountered. 
• Establishing Credibility: A well-conducted literature review demonstrates the researcher’s familiarity with existing scholarship, establishing their credibility and expertise in the field. It also helps in building a solid foundation for the new research. 
• Informing Hypotheses or Research Questions: The literature review guides the formulation of hypotheses or research questions by highlighting relevant findings and areas of uncertainty in existing literature. 

Literature review example

Let’s delve deeper with a literature review example: Let’s say your literature review is about the impact of climate change on biodiversity. You might format your literature review into sections such as the effects of climate change on habitat loss and species extinction, phenological changes, and marine biodiversity. Each section would then summarize and analyze relevant studies in those areas, highlighting key findings and identifying gaps in the research. The review would conclude by emphasizing the need for further research on specific aspects of the relationship between climate change and biodiversity. The following literature review template provides a glimpse into the recommended literature review structure and content, demonstrating how research findings are organized around specific themes within a broader topic. 

Literature Review on Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity:

Climate change is a global phenomenon with far-reaching consequences, including significant impacts on biodiversity. This literature review synthesizes key findings from various studies: 

a. Habitat Loss and Species Extinction:

Climate change-induced alterations in temperature and precipitation patterns contribute to habitat loss, affecting numerous species (Thomas et al., 2004). The review discusses how these changes increase the risk of extinction, particularly for species with specific habitat requirements. 

b. Range Shifts and Phenological Changes:

Observations of range shifts and changes in the timing of biological events (phenology) are documented in response to changing climatic conditions (Parmesan & Yohe, 2003). These shifts affect ecosystems and may lead to mismatches between species and their resources. 

c. Ocean Acidification and Coral Reefs:

The review explores the impact of climate change on marine biodiversity, emphasizing ocean acidification’s threat to coral reefs (Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2007). Changes in pH levels negatively affect coral calcification, disrupting the delicate balance of marine ecosystems. 

d. Adaptive Strategies and Conservation Efforts:

Recognizing the urgency of the situation, the literature review discusses various adaptive strategies adopted by species and conservation efforts aimed at mitigating the impacts of climate change on biodiversity (Hannah et al., 2007). It emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches for effective conservation planning. 

How to write a good literature review

Writing a literature review involves summarizing and synthesizing existing research on a particular topic. A good literature review format should include the following elements. 

Introduction: The introduction sets the stage for your literature review, providing context and introducing the main focus of your review. 

• Opening Statement: Begin with a general statement about the broader topic and its significance in the field. 
• Scope and Purpose: Clearly define the scope of your literature review. Explain the specific research question or objective you aim to address. 
• Organizational Framework: Briefly outline the structure of your literature review, indicating how you will categorize and discuss the existing research. 
• Significance of the Study: Highlight why your literature review is important and how it contributes to the understanding of the chosen topic. 
• Thesis Statement: Conclude the introduction with a concise thesis statement that outlines the main argument or perspective you will develop in the body of the literature review. 

Body: The body of the literature review is where you provide a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, grouping studies based on themes, methodologies, or other relevant criteria. 

• Organize by Theme or Concept: Group studies that share common themes, concepts, or methodologies. Discuss each theme or concept in detail, summarizing key findings and identifying gaps or areas of disagreement. 
• Critical Analysis: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each study. Discuss the methodologies used, the quality of evidence, and the overall contribution of each work to the understanding of the topic. 
• Synthesis of Findings: Synthesize the information from different studies to highlight trends, patterns, or areas of consensus in the literature. 
• Identification of Gaps: Discuss any gaps or limitations in the existing research and explain how your review contributes to filling these gaps. 
• Transition between Sections: Provide smooth transitions between different themes or concepts to maintain the flow of your literature review. 

Conclusion: The conclusion of your literature review should summarize the main findings, highlight the contributions of the review, and suggest avenues for future research. 

• Summary of Key Findings: Recap the main findings from the literature and restate how they contribute to your research question or objective. 
• Contributions to the Field: Discuss the overall contribution of your literature review to the existing knowledge in the field. 
• Implications and Applications: Explore the practical implications of the findings and suggest how they might impact future research or practice. 
• Recommendations for Future Research: Identify areas that require further investigation and propose potential directions for future research in the field. 
• Final Thoughts: Conclude with a final reflection on the importance of your literature review and its relevance to the broader academic community. 

Conducting a literature review

Conducting a literature review is an essential step in research that involves reviewing and analyzing existing literature on a specific topic. It’s important to know how to do a literature review effectively, so here are the steps to follow: 1  

Choose a Topic and Define the Research Question:

• Select a topic that is relevant to your field of study. 
• Clearly define your research question or objective. Determine what specific aspect of the topic do you want to explore? 

Decide on the Scope of Your Review:

• Determine the timeframe for your literature review. Are you focusing on recent developments, or do you want a historical overview? 
• Consider the geographical scope. Is your review global, or are you focusing on a specific region? 
• Define the inclusion and exclusion criteria. What types of sources will you include? Are there specific types of studies or publications you will exclude? 

Select Databases for Searches:

• Identify relevant databases for your field. Examples include PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. 
• Consider searching in library catalogs, institutional repositories, and specialized databases related to your topic. 

Conduct Searches and Keep Track:

• Develop a systematic search strategy using keywords, Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT), and other search techniques. 
• Record and document your search strategy for transparency and replicability. 
• Keep track of the articles, including publication details, abstracts, and links. Use citation management tools like EndNote, Zotero, or Mendeley to organize your references. 

Review the Literature:

• Evaluate the relevance and quality of each source. Consider the methodology, sample size, and results of studies. 
• Organize the literature by themes or key concepts. Identify patterns, trends, and gaps in the existing research. 
• Summarize key findings and arguments from each source. Compare and contrast different perspectives. 
• Identify areas where there is a consensus in the literature and where there are conflicting opinions. 
• Provide critical analysis and synthesis of the literature. What are the strengths and weaknesses of existing research? 

Organize and Write Your Literature Review:

• Literature review outline should be based on themes, chronological order, or methodological approaches. 
• Write a clear and coherent narrative that synthesizes the information gathered. 
• Use proper citations for each source and ensure consistency in your citation style (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.). 
• Conclude your literature review by summarizing key findings, identifying gaps, and suggesting areas for future research. 

The literature review sample and detailed advice on writing and conducting a review will help you produce a well-structured report. But remember that a literature review is an ongoing process, and it may be necessary to revisit and update it as your research progresses. 

Frequently asked questions

A literature review is a critical and comprehensive analysis of existing literature (published and unpublished works) on a specific topic or research question and provides a synthesis of the current state of knowledge in a particular field. A well-conducted literature review is crucial for researchers to build upon existing knowledge, avoid duplication of efforts, and contribute to the advancement of their field. It also helps researchers situate their work within a broader context and facilitates the development of a sound theoretical and conceptual framework for their studies.

Literature review is a crucial component of research writing, providing a solid background for a research paper’s investigation. The aim is to keep professionals up to date by providing an understanding of ongoing developments within a specific field, including research methods, and experimental techniques used in that field, and present that knowledge in the form of a written report. Also, the depth and breadth of the literature review emphasizes the credibility of the scholar in his or her field.  

Before writing a literature review, it’s essential to undertake several preparatory steps to ensure that your review is well-researched, organized, and focused. This includes choosing a topic of general interest to you and doing exploratory research on that topic, writing an annotated bibliography, and noting major points, especially those that relate to the position you have taken on the topic. 

Literature reviews and academic research papers are essential components of scholarly work but serve different purposes within the academic realm. 3 A literature review aims to provide a foundation for understanding the current state of research on a particular topic, identify gaps or controversies, and lay the groundwork for future research. Therefore, it draws heavily from existing academic sources, including books, journal articles, and other scholarly publications. In contrast, an academic research paper aims to present new knowledge, contribute to the academic discourse, and advance the understanding of a specific research question. Therefore, it involves a mix of existing literature (in the introduction and literature review sections) and original data or findings obtained through research methods. 

Literature reviews are essential components of academic and research papers, and various strategies can be employed to conduct them effectively. If you want to know how to write a literature review for a research paper, here are four common approaches that are often used by researchers.  Chronological Review: This strategy involves organizing the literature based on the chronological order of publication. It helps to trace the development of a topic over time, showing how ideas, theories, and research have evolved.  Thematic Review: Thematic reviews focus on identifying and analyzing themes or topics that cut across different studies. Instead of organizing the literature chronologically, it is grouped by key themes or concepts, allowing for a comprehensive exploration of various aspects of the topic.  Methodological Review: This strategy involves organizing the literature based on the research methods employed in different studies. It helps to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of various methodologies and allows the reader to evaluate the reliability and validity of the research findings.  Theoretical Review: A theoretical review examines the literature based on the theoretical frameworks used in different studies. This approach helps to identify the key theories that have been applied to the topic and assess their contributions to the understanding of the subject.  It’s important to note that these strategies are not mutually exclusive, and a literature review may combine elements of more than one approach. The choice of strategy depends on the research question, the nature of the literature available, and the goals of the review. Additionally, other strategies, such as integrative reviews or systematic reviews, may be employed depending on the specific requirements of the research.

The literature review format can vary depending on the specific publication guidelines. However, there are some common elements and structures that are often followed. Here is a general guideline for the format of a literature review:  Introduction:   Provide an overview of the topic.  Define the scope and purpose of the literature review.  State the research question or objective.  Body:   Organize the literature by themes, concepts, or chronology.  Critically analyze and evaluate each source.  Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the studies.  Highlight any methodological limitations or biases.  Identify patterns, connections, or contradictions in the existing research.  Conclusion:   Summarize the key points discussed in the literature review.  Highlight the research gap.  Address the research question or objective stated in the introduction.  Highlight the contributions of the review and suggest directions for future research.

Both annotated bibliographies and literature reviews involve the examination of scholarly sources. While annotated bibliographies focus on individual sources with brief annotations, literature reviews provide a more in-depth, integrated, and comprehensive analysis of existing literature on a specific topic. The key differences are as follows: 

References 

• Denney, A. S., & Tewksbury, R. (2013). How to write a literature review.  Journal of criminal justice education ,  24 (2), 218-234. 
• Pan, M. L. (2016).  Preparing literature reviews: Qualitative and quantitative approaches . Taylor & Francis. 
• Cantero, C. (2019). How to write a literature review.  San José State University Writing Center . 

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