what the health assignment

“What the Health” Documentary Film Guide w/ Answer Key Included

Word Document File

What educators are saying

Description.

This worksheet guides students through viewing the documentary film “What the Health” (2017). This documentary focuses on the connection between our diet and disease, the misrepresentation of various food industries, and the exploration of a plant-based lifestyle. The film guide includes 27 total questions (in order as they appear in the film) with an answer key attached. Question types include 22 fill-in-the-blank/short answer and 5 longer-response reflection questions at the end, requiring students to formulate their own opinions on the topic and pull from their own experience.

Fully editable Word doc for you to customize for you students and learning goals, if needed.
"What the Health" film running time: 1 hour, 37 min.
27 total questions: Fill-in-the-blank + short answer + expanded response questions
Answer key included

Questions & Answers

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Medicare Assignment: Everything You Need to Know

Medicare assignment.

Providers Accepting Assignment
Providers Who Do Not
Billing Options
Assignment of Benefits
How to Choose

Frequently Asked Questions

Medicare assignment is an agreement between Medicare and medical providers (doctors, hospitals, medical equipment suppliers, etc.) in which the provider agrees to accept Medicare’s fee schedule as payment in full when Medicare patients are treated.

This article will explain how Medicare assignment works, and what you need to know in order to ensure that you won’t receive unexpected bills.

fizkes / Getty Images

There are 35 million Americans who have Original Medicare. Medicare is a federal program and most medical providers throughout the country accept assignment with Medicare. As a result, these enrollees have a lot more options for medical providers than most of the rest of the population.

They can see any provider who accepts assignment, anywhere in the country. They can be assured that they will only have to pay their expected Medicare cost-sharing (deductible and coinsurance, some or all of which may be paid by a Medigap plan , Medicaid, or supplemental coverage provided by an employer or former employer).

It’s important to note here that the rules are different for the 29 million Americans who have Medicare Advantage plans. These beneficiaries cannot simply use any medical provider who accepts Medicare assignment.

Instead, each Medicare Advantage plan has its own network of providers —much like the health insurance plans that many Americans are accustomed to obtaining from employers or purchasing in the exchange/marketplace .

A provider who accepts assignment with Medicare may or may not be in-network with some or all of the Medicare Advantage plans that offer coverage in a given area. Some Medicare Advantage plans— health maintenance organizations (HMOs) , in particular—will only cover an enrollee’s claims if they use providers who are in the plan's network.

Other Medicare Advantage plans— preferred provider organizations (PPOs) , in particular—will cover out-of-network care but the enrollee will pay more than they would have paid had they seen an in-network provider.

Original Medicare

The bottom line is that Medicare assignment only determines provider accessibility and costs for people who have Original Medicare. People with Medicare Advantage need to understand their own plan’s provider network and coverage rules.

When discussing Medicare assignment and access to providers in this article, keep in mind that it is referring to people who have Original Medicare.

How to Make Sure Your Provider Accepts Assignment

Most doctors, hospitals, and other medical providers in the United States do accept Medicare assignment.

Provider Participation Stats

According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 98% of providers participate in Medicare, which means they accept assignment.

You can ask the provider directly about their participation with Medicare. But Medicare also has a tool that you can use to find participating doctors, hospitals, home health care services, and other providers.

There’s a filter on that tool labeled “Medicare-approved payment.” If you turn on that filter, you will only see providers who accept Medicare assignment. Under each provider’s information, it will say “Charges the Medicare-approved amount (so you pay less out-of-pocket).”

What If Your Provider Doesn’t Accept Assignment?

If your medical provider or equipment supplier doesn’t accept assignment, it means they haven’t agreed to accept Medicare’s approved amounts as payment in full for all of the services.

These providers can still choose to accept assignment on a case-by-case basis. But because they haven’t agreed to accept Medicare assignment for all services, they are considered nonparticipating providers.

Note that "nonparticipating" does not mean that a provider has opted out of Medicare altogether. Medicare will still pay claims for services received from a nonparticipating provider (i.e., one who does not accept Medicare assignment), whereas Medicare does not cover any of the cost of services obtained from a provider who has officially opted out of Medicare.

If a Medicare beneficiary uses a provider who has opted out of Medicare, that person will pay the provider directly and Medicare will not be involved in any way.

Physicians Who Have Opted Out

Only about 1% of all non-pediatric physicians have opted out of Medicare.

For providers who have not opted out of Medicare but who also don’t accept assignment, Medicare will still pay nearly as much as it would have paid if you had used a provider who accepts assignment. Here’s how it works:

Medicare will pay the provider 95% of the amount they would pay if the provider accepted assignment.
The provider can charge the person receiving care more than the Medicare-approved amount, but only up to 15% more (some states limit this further). This extra amount, which the patient has to pay out-of-pocket, is known as the limiting charge . But the 15% cap does not apply to medical equipment suppliers; if they do not accept assignment with Medicare, there is no limit on how much they can charge the person receiving care. This is why it’s particularly important to make sure that the supplier accepts Medicare assignment if you need medical equipment.
The nonparticipating provider may require the person receiving care to pay the entire bill up front and seek reimbursement from Medicare (using Form CMS 1490-S ). Alternatively, they may submit a claim to Medicare on behalf of the person receiving care (using Form CMS-1500 ).
A nonparticipating provider can choose to accept assignment on a case-by-case basis. They can indicate this on Form CMS-1500 in box 27. The vast majority of nonparticipating providers who bill Medicare choose to accept assignment for the claim being billed.
Nonparticipating providers do not have to bill your Medigap plan on your behalf.

Billing Options for Providers Who Accept Medicare

When a medical provider accepts assignment with Medicare, part of the agreement is that they will submit bills to Medicare on behalf of the person receiving care. So if you only see providers who accept assignment, you will never need to submit your own bills to Medicare for reimbursement.

If you have a Medigap plan that supplements your Original Medicare coverage, you should present the Medigap coverage information to the provider at the time of service. Medicare will forward the claim information to your Medigap insurer, reducing administrative work on your part.

Depending on the Medigap plan you have, the services that you receive, and the amount you’ve already spent in out-of-pocket costs, the Medigap plan may pay some or all of the out-of-pocket costs that you would otherwise have after Medicare pays its share.

(Note that if you have a type of Medigap plan called Medicare SELECT, you will have to stay within the plan’s network of providers in order to receive benefits. But this is not the case with other Medigap plans.)

After the claim is processed, you’ll be able to see details in your MyMedicare.gov account . Medicare will also send you a Medicare Summary Notice. This is Medicare’s version of an explanation of benefits (EOB) , which is sent out every three months.

If you have a Medigap plan, it should also send you an EOB or something similar, explaining the claim and whether the policy paid any part of it.

What Is Medicare Assignment of Benefits?

For Medicare beneficiaries, assignment of benefits means that the person receiving care agrees to allow a nonparticipating provider to bill Medicare directly (as opposed to having the person receiving care pay the bill up front and seek reimbursement from Medicare). Assignment of benefits is authorized by the person receiving care in Box 13 of Form CMS-1500 .

If the person receiving care refuses to assign benefits, Medicare can only reimburse the person receiving care instead of paying the nonparticipating provider directly.

Things to Consider Before Choosing a Provider

If you’re enrolled in Original Medicare, you have a wide range of options in terms of the providers you can use—far more than most other Americans. In most cases, your preferred doctor and other medical providers will accept assignment with Medicare, keeping your out-of-pocket costs lower than they would otherwise be, and reducing administrative hassle.

There may be circumstances, however, when the best option is a nonparticipating provider or even a provider who has opted out of Medicare altogether. If you choose one of these options, be sure you discuss the details with the provider before proceeding with the treatment.

You’ll want to understand how much is going to be billed and whether the provider will bill Medicare on your behalf if you agree to assign benefits (note that this is not possible if the provider has opted out of Medicare).

If you have supplemental coverage, you’ll also want to check with that plan to see whether it will still pick up some of the cost and, if so, how much you should expect to pay out of your own pocket.

A medical provider who accepts Medicare assignment is considered a participating provider. These providers have agreed to accept Medicare’s fee schedule as payment in full for services they provide to Medicare beneficiaries. Most doctors, hospitals, and other medical providers do accept Medicare assignment.

Nonparticipating providers are those who have not signed an agreement with Medicare to accept Medicare’s rates as payment in full. However, they can agree to accept assignment on a case-by-case basis, as long as they haven’t opted out of Medicare altogether. If they do not accept assignment, they can bill the patient up to 15% more than the Medicare-approved rate.

Providers who opt out of Medicare cannot bill Medicare and Medicare will not pay them or reimburse beneficiaries for their services. But there is no limit on how much they can bill for their services.

A Word From Verywell

It’s in your best interest to choose a provider who accepts Medicare assignment. This will keep your costs as low as possible, streamline the billing and claims process, and ensure that your Medigap plan picks up its share of the costs.

If you feel like you need help navigating the provider options or seeking care from a provider who doesn’t accept assignment, the Medicare State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIP) in your state may be able to help.

A doctor who does not accept Medicare assignment has not agreed to accept Medicare’s fee schedule as payment in full for their services. These doctors are considered nonparticipating with Medicare and can bill Medicare beneficiaries up to 15% more than the Medicare-approved amount.

They also have the option to accept assignment (i.e., accept Medicare’s rate as payment in full) on a case-by-case basis.

There are certain circumstances in which a provider is required by law to accept assignment. This includes situations in which the person receiving care has both Medicare and Medicaid. And it also applies to certain medical services, including lab tests, ambulance services, and drugs that are covered under Medicare Part B (as opposed to Part D).

In 2021, 98% of American physicians had participation agreements with Medicare, leaving only about 2% who did not accept assignment (either as a nonparticipating provider, or a provider who had opted out of Medicare altogether).

Accepting assignment is something that the medical provider does, whereas assignment of benefits is something that the patient (the Medicare beneficiary) does. To accept assignment means that the medical provider has agreed to accept Medicare’s approved fee as payment in full for services they provide.

Assignment of benefits means that the person receiving care agrees to allow a medical provider to bill Medicare directly, as opposed to having the person receiving care pay the provider and then seek reimbursement from Medicare.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Medicare monthly enrollment .

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Annual Medicare participation announcement .

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Lower costs with assignment .

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Find providers who have opted out of Medicare .

Kaiser Family Foundation. How many physicians have opted-out of the Medicare program ?

Center for Medicare Advocacy. Durable medical equipment, prosthetics, orthotics, and supplies (DMEPOS) updates .

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Check the status of a claim .

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Medicare claims processing manual. Chapter 26 - completing and processing form CMS-1500 data set .

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Ambulance fee schedule .

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Prescription drugs (outpatient) .

By Louise Norris Louise Norris has been a licensed health insurance agent since 2003 after graduating magna cum laude from Colorado State with a BS in psychology.

AARP's Brain Health Resource Center offers tips, tools and explainers on brain health.

What is Medicare assignment and how does it work?

Kimberly Lankford,

Because Medicare decides how much to pay providers for covered services, if the provider agrees to the Medicare-approved amount, even if it is less than they usually charge, they’re accepting assignment.

A doctor who accepts assignment agrees to charge you no more than the amount Medicare has approved for that service. By comparison, a doctor who participates in Medicare but doesn’t accept assignment can potentially charge you up to 15 percent more than the Medicare-approved amount.

That’s why it’s important to ask if a provider accepts assignment before you receive care, even if they accept Medicare patients. If a doctor doesn’t accept assignment, you will pay more for that physician’s services compared with one who does.

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How much do I pay if my doctor accepts assignment?

If your doctor accepts assignment, you will usually pay 20 percent of the Medicare-approved amount for the service, called coinsurance, after you’ve paid the annual deductible. Because Medicare Part B covers doctor and outpatient services, your $240 deductible for Part B in 2024 applies before most coverage begins.

All providers who accept assignment must submit claims directly to Medicare, which pays 80 percent of the approved cost for the service and will bill you the remaining 20 percent. You can get some preventive services and screenings, such as mammograms and colonoscopies , without paying a deductible or coinsurance if the provider accepts assignment.

What if my doctor doesn’t accept assignment?

A doctor who takes Medicare but doesn’t accept assignment can still treat Medicare patients but won’t always accept the Medicare-approved amount as payment in full.

This means they can charge you up to a maximum of 15 percent more than Medicare pays for the service you receive, called “balance billing.” In this case, you’re responsible for the additional charge, plus the regular 20 percent coinsurance, as your share of the cost.

How to cover the extra cost? If you have a Medicare supplement policy , better known as Medigap, it may cover the extra 15 percent, called Medicare Part B excess charges.

All Medigap policies cover Part B’s 20 percent coinsurance in full or in part. The F and G policies cover the 15 percent excess charges from doctors who don’t accept assignment, but Plan F is no longer available to new enrollees, only those eligible for Medicare before Jan. 1, 2020, even if they haven’t enrolled in Medicare yet. However, anyone who is enrolled in original Medicare can apply for Plan G.

Remember that Medigap policies only cover excess charges for doctors who accept Medicare but don’t accept assignment, and they won’t cover costs for doctors who opt out of Medicare entirely.

Good to know. A few states limit the amount of excess fees a doctor can charge Medicare patients. For example, Massachusetts and Ohio prohibit balance billing, requiring doctors who accept Medicare to take the Medicare-approved amount. New York limits excess charges to 5 percent over the Medicare-approved amount for most services, rather than 15 percent.

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How do I find doctors who accept assignment?

Before you start working with a new doctor, ask whether he or she accepts assignment. About 98 percent of providers billing Medicare are participating providers, which means they accept assignment on all Medicare claims, according to KFF.

You can get help finding doctors and other providers in your area who accept assignment by zip code using Medicare’s Physician Compare tool .

Those who accept assignment have this note under the name: “Charges the Medicare-approved amount (so you pay less out of pocket).” However, not all doctors who accept assignment are accepting new Medicare patients.

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What does it mean if a doctor opts out of Medicare?

Doctors who opt out of Medicare can’t bill Medicare for services you receive. They also aren’t bound by Medicare’s limitations on charges.

In this case, you enter into a private contract with the provider and agree to pay the full bill. Be aware that neither Medicare nor your Medigap plan will reimburse you for these charges.

In 2023, only 1 percent of physicians who aren’t pediatricians opted out of the Medicare program, according to KFF. The percentage is larger for some specialties — 7.7 percent of psychiatrists and 4.2 percent of plastic and reconstructive surgeons have opted out of Medicare.

Keep in mind

These rules apply to original Medicare. Other factors determine costs if you choose to get coverage through a private Medicare Advantage plan . Most Medicare Advantage plans have provider networks, and they may charge more or not cover services from out-of-network providers.

Before choosing a Medicare Advantage plan, find out whether your chosen doctor or provider is covered and identify how much you’ll pay. You can use the Medicare Plan Finder to compare the Medicare Advantage plans and their out-of-pocket costs in your area.

Return to Medicare Q&A main page

Kimberly Lankford is a contributing writer who covers Medicare and personal finance. She wrote about insurance, Medicare, retirement and taxes for more than 20 years at Kiplinger’s Personal Finance and has written for The Washington Post and Boston Globe . She received the personal finance Best in Business award from the Society of American Business Editors and Writers and the New York State Society of CPAs’ excellence in financial journalism award for her guide to Medicare.

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FREE Medicine and Health Worksheets

Wouldn’t it be awful to get sick in a foreign country and not be able to communicate with the doctor or hospital staff learning english will not help your learners in every country but it will give them another skill that could come in very handy in this type of scenario. teachers have submitted 200 worksheets on this topic and more are added on a regular basis. this one-page medicine worksheet includes some common vocabulary learners can use at the doctor’s office as well as several useful practice exercises. the comprehensive teacher’s notes are included and make using this activity in your esl classroom simple. if the target structures in the textbook you are using are different from the ones included on this sheet, simply use this as inspiration for your own worksheet and then upload it for other busy teachers. medicine and health is a great esl topic that will come up several times. beginners will usually learn body parts very early on while intermediate students may talk about medicine and doctors when practicing giving advice. advanced learners could benefit from talking about the health care system in their country. this is also a very practical topic as students will be much better off if they can explain their symptoms when they get sick while traveling. completing a role play exercise will give them the practice they need to do this effectively. read more... ...less.

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2 Health History

Learning objectives.

Describe the purpose of a health history
Enumerate the components of a health history.
Discuss how culture, age and ethnicity influence obtaining a health history.
Demonstrates therapeutic communication when obtaining a health history.
Obtain a comprehensive health history
Document the results of the health history

Overview of this chapter

This chapter presents the importance of a health history as a component of health assessment and the value of a health history obtained from the perspective of a nurse. This chapter will provide information on components of a health history, considerations in obtaining a health history and documentation.

Health History

The purpose of obtaining a health history is to gather subjective data from the patient and/or the patient’s family so that the health care team and the patient can collaboratively create a plan that will promote health, address acute health problems, and minimize chronic health conditions. The health history is typically done on admission to hospital, but a health history may be taken whenever additional subjective information from the patient may be helpful to inform care (Wilson & Giddens, 2013).

Subjective Data

Data gathered may be subjective or objective in nature. Subjective data is information reported by the patient and may include signs and symptoms described by the patient but not noticeable to others. Subjective data also includes demographic information, patient and family information about past and current medical conditions, and patient information about surgical procedures and social history. Objective data is information that the health care professional gathers during a physical examination and consists of information that can be seen, felt, smelled, or heard by the health care professional. Taken together, the data collected provides a health history that gives the health care professional an opportunity to assess health promotion practices and offer patient education (Stephen et al., 2012). The health history is the subjective data collection portion of the health assessment.

Components of a Health History

The health history obtained by nurses is framed from holistic perspectives of all factors that contributes to the patient’s current health status. The most common way of obtaining information is through an interview, primarily of the patient. When the patient is unable to provide information for various reasons, the nurse may obtain it from secondary sources.

Knowledge Check:

The checklist below provides steps of obtaining a nursing history based that reflects its components such as biographical data, reason for seeking care, history of present illness, past health history, family history, functional assessment, developmental functions and cultural assessment. Each healthcare facility will have electronic and/or paper forms based on these components.

Interview Guide

Introductory Information: Demographic and Biographic Data

Name/contact information and emergency information

What is your full name?
What name do you prefer to be called by?
What is your address?
What is your phone number?
Who can we contact in an emergency? What is their relationship to you? What number can we reach them at?

Birthdate and age

What is your birthdate?
What is your age?
Tell me what gender you identify with.
What pronouns do you use? (If the person asks you to use a pronoun that you are not familiar with, it is okay for you to respectfully respond, “I am not familiar with that pronoun. Can you tell me more about it?”)
Do you have any allergies?
If so, what are you allergic to?
How do you react to the allergy?
What do you do to prevent or treat the allergy?

Note: You may need to prompt for information on medications, foods, etc.

Languages spoken and preferred language

What languages do you speak?
What language do you prefer to communicate in (verbally and written)?

Note: You may need to inquire and document if the client requires an interpreter.

Relationship status

Tell me about your relationship status?

Occupation/school status

What is your occupation? Where do you work?
Do you go to school?

Resuscitation status

We ask all clients about their resuscitation status, which refers to medical interventions that are used or not used in the case of an emergency (such as if your heart or breathing stops). You may need more time to think about this, and you may want to speak with someone you trust like a family member or friend. You should also know that you can change your mind. At this point, if any of this happens, would you like us to intervene?

Main Health Needs (Reasons for Seeking Care)

Presenting to a clinic or a hospital emergency or urgent care (first point of contact)

Tell me about what brought you here today.
Tell me more.
How is that affecting you?

Already admitted, and you are starting your shift

Tell me about your main health concerns today.

The PQRSTU Mnemonic

Provocative

What makes your pain worse?
What makes your pain feel better?
What does the pain feel like?
How bad is your pain?
Where do you feel the pain?
Point to where you feel the pain.
Does the pain move around?
Do you feel the pain elsewhere?
How would you rate your pain on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 being no pain and 10 being the worst pain you’ve ever experienced?
When did the pain start?
What were you doing when the pain started?
Where were you when the pain started?
Is the pain constant or does it come and go?
If the pain is intermittent, when did it last occur?
How long does the pain last?
Have you taken anything to help relieve the pain?
Have you tried any treatments at home for the pain?

Understanding

What do you think is causing the pain?

Current and Past Health

Current health

Are there any other issues affecting your current health?

Childhood illnesses

Tell me about any significant childhood illnesses that you had.
When did it occur?
How did it affect you?
How did it affect your day-to-day life?
Were you hospitalized? Where? How was it treated?
Who was the treating practitioner?
Did you experience any complications?
Did it result in a disability?

Chronic illnesses

Tell me about any chronic illnesses you currently have or have had (e.g., cancer, cardiac, hypertension, diabetes, respiratory, arthritis).
How has the illness affected you?
How do you cope with the illness?
When were you diagnosed?
How was the illness being treated?
Have you been hospitalized? Where?
Have you experienced any complications?
Has the illness resulted in a disability?
How does the illness affect your day-to-day life?

Acute illnesses, accidents, or injuries

Tell me about any acute illnesses that you have had.
Tell me about any accidents or injuries you currently have or have had.
Were you hospitalized? Where?
How was it treated?
Has it resulted in a disability?

Obstetrical health

Have you ever been pregnant?
Do you have plans to get pregnant in the future?
Tell me about your pregnancies.
Have you ever had difficulty conceiving?
How was your labour and delivery?
Tell me about your postpartum experience.
Were there any issues or complications?

Mental Health and Mental Illnesses

Mental health is an important part of our lives and so I ask all clients about their mental health and any concerns or illnesses they may have.

Mental health

Tell me about your mental health.
Tell me about the stress in your life.
How does stress affect you?
How do you cope with this stress? (this may include positive or negative coping strategies.)
Have you experienced a loss in your life or a death that is meaningful to you?
Have you had a recent breakup or divorce?
Have you recently lost your job or been off work?
Have you recently had any legal issues?
Have you purchased any weapons?

Mental illness

How does that illness affect you?
How does that illness affect your day-to-day life?
What resources do you draw upon to cope with your illness?
Tell me about your treatment (e.g., medications, counselling).
Do you have any concerns that have not been addressed related to your illness?

Functional Health

Tell me about your diet.
What foods do you eat?
What fluids do you drink? (Probe about caffeinated beverages, pop, and energy drinks.)
What have you consumed in the last 24 hours? Is this typical of your usual eating pattern?
Do you purchase and prepare your own meals?
Tell me about your appetite. Have you had any changes in your appetite?
Do you have any goals related to your nutrition?
Do you have the financial capacity to purchase the foods you want to eat?
Do you have the knowledge and time to prepare the meals you want to eat?

Elimination

How often do you urinate each day?
What colour is it (amber, clear, dark)?
Have you noticed a strong odour?
How often do you have a bowel movement?
What colour is it (brown, black, grey)?
Is it hard or soft?
Do you have any problems with constipation or diarrhea? If so, how do you treat it?
Do you take laxatives or stool softeners?

Sleep and rest

Tell me about your sleep routine.
How much do you sleep?
Do you wake up at all?
Do you feel rested when you wake? What do you do before you go to bed (e.g., use the phone, watch TV, read)?
Do you take any sleep aids?
Do you have any rests during the day?

Mobility, activity, exercise

Tell me about your ability to move around.
Do you have any problems sitting up, standing up or walking?
Do you use any mobility aids (e.g., cane, walker, wheelchair)?
Tell me about the activity and/or exercise that you engage in. What type? How frequent? For how long?

Violence and trauma

Many clients experience violence or trauma in their lives. Can you tell me about any violence or trauma in your life?
How has it affected you?
Tell me about the ways you have coped with it.
Have you ever talked with anyone about it before?
Would you like to talk with someone?

Relationships and resources

Tell me about the most influential relationships in your life.
Tell me about the relationships you have with your family.
Tell me about the relationships you have with your friends.
Tell me about the relationships you have with any other people.
How do these relationships influence your day-to-day life? Your health and illness?
Who are the people that you talk to when you require support or are struggling in your life?

Intimate and sexual relationships

I always ask clients about their intimate and sexual relationships. To start, tell me about what you think is important for me to know about your intimate and sexual relationships.
Tell me about the ways that you ensure your safety when engaging in intimate and sexual practices.
Do you have any concerns about your safety?

Substance use and abuse

To better understand a client’s overall health, I ask everyone about substance use such as tobacco, herbal shisha, alcohol, cannabis, and illegal drugs.
Do you or have you ever used any tobacco products (e.g., cigarettes, pipes, vaporizers, hookah)? If so, how much?
When did you first start? If you used to use, when did you quit?
Do you drink alcohol or have you ever? If so, how often do you drink?
How many drinks do you have when you drink?
When did you first start drinking? If you used to drink, when did you quit?
Do you use or have you used any cannabis products? If so, how do you use them? How often do you use them?
When did you first start using them?
Do you purchase them from a regulated or unregulated place?
If you used to use cannabis, when did you quit?
Do you use any illegal drugs? If so, what type? How often do you use them?
Tell me about the ways that you ensure your safety when using any of these substances.
Have you ever felt you had a problem with any of these substances?
Do you want to quit any of these substances?
Have you ever tried to quit?

Environmental health and home/occupational/school health

Tell me about any factors in your environment that may affect your health. Do you have any concerns about how your environment is affecting your health?
Tell me about your home. Do you have any concerns about safety in your home or neighbourhood?
Tell me about your workplace and/or school environment.
What activities are you involved in or what does your day look like?

Self-concept and self-esteem

Tell me what makes you who you are.
Are you satisfied about where you are in your life?
Can you share with me your life goals?
Please explain.
Tell me about how you take care of yourself and manage your home.
Do you have sufficient finances to pay your bills and purchase food, medications, and other needed items?
Do you have any current or future concerns about being able to function independently?

Preventive Treatments and Examinations

Medications

Do you have the most current list of your medications?
Do you have your medications with you? (If not, you should ask them to list each medication they are prescribed and if they know, the dose and frequency.)
Can you tell me why you take this medication?
How long have you been taking this medication?
Do you take the medications as prescribed? (If they answer “no” or “sometimes,” ask them to tell you the reasons for not taking the medications as prescribed.)

Examination and diagnostic dates

When was the last time you saw [name the primary care provider, nurse or specialist]?
Can you share with me why you saw them?
When was the last time you had your [name screening] tested?
Do you know what the results were?

Vaccinations

Can you tell me about your immunization status?
Can you tell me what immunizations you have had, the dates you received them, and any significant reactions?
Do you have your immunization record?
When was your last flu vaccine?

If the client’s immunizations are not up-to-date or you noted vaccination hesitancy, you may ask:

Can you tell me the reasons that your immunizations are not up-to-date?
Can you tell me why you are hesitant to receive immunizations. (You may need to explore this further.)

Family Health

Do they have any chronic or acute diseases (e.g., cardiac, cancer, mental health issues)?
If so, do you know the cause of death?
And at what age did they die?
Has anyone been sick recently?
If so, do you know the cause?
What symptoms have they had?
Have you been around anyone else who was sick recently (e.g., at work, at school, in a location that involved a close encounter such as a plane or an office)?

Cultural Health

I am interested in your cultural background as it relates to your health. Can you share with me what is important about your cultural background that will help me care for you?
How does that affect your health and illnesses?
Is there anything else you want to share about how these factors act as resources in your life?

Learning Resource: Open the link below for more detailed information.

The Complete Subjective Health Assessment

Cultural factors in obtaining a health history

When interviewing a patient the nurse must be aware of cultural barriers and preferences in order to collect significant and complete subjective data.. For example due to age, culture, or ethnicity, some patients may believe that pain is to be expected and endured. The patient may not identify their pain as worthy of report unless the nurse is sensitive to this potential barrier of care. Due to age, culture or ethnicity, some patients may feel uncomfortable discussing sexual health. For example, where HIV is epidemic, it is the nurse’s responsibility (along with all other healthcare personal) to uncover risk factors that can address safety and early treatment for STIs (sexually transmitted diseases). Culture can have many meanings. Some of the many aspects that nurses need to be aware of that will impact information obtained in a health history include gender identity, religion, geographical region, and many diverse factors. The nurse must be open to learning about various cultures and ethnicity and be comfortable in initiating a cultural assessment, and use this knowledge to enhance communication to obtain the most accurate health history.

Health history and therapeutic communication

Needless to say, therapeutic communication techniques are essential in obtaining a health history. However, due to many reasons, healthcare professionals, including nurses, oftentimes fail to establish a therapeutic relationship or to deliver therapeutic communication. The following are examples :

Have you ever been to see a healthcare provider and when they walk in the room they are not looking at you but are looking at the chart, or tapping on a computer.
Have you ever felt rushed by their questions, like they are in a hurry and need to move on to the next patient?
Have you ever had the healthcare provider give you a diagnosis, provide you with a treatment and you left with a prescription but you didn’t grasp the entire explanation?

The nurse should apply communication and interpersonal skills to create, maintain, and terminate a nurse-client relationship. [] Nurses and other healthcare professionals need to use therapeutic communication techniques at all times.

Open the link below for more detailed information

Therapeutic Communication

Documentation of Health History:

The patient’s health history is initially obtained during admission or initial visit, and constantly updated with subsequent interactions or visits. Documentation of information obtained during the nurse-patient interview, and/or secondary sources will need to be documented on a format that the healthcare facility uses. Nowadays, most healthcare facilities use electronic health records (EHR). EHRs are accessed by various members of the healthcare team in real-time, and this indicates that information obtained can be recorded during the interview process as well. The nurse needs to develop the competency to maintain therapeutic communication techniques while attending to the electronic health record keeping. Healthcare facilities use different documentation systems. Nurses will need to learn facility specific documentation system, whether electronic or paper, but the contents of a patient history will largely be similar.

Learning Exercises

LaPierre, D. (2010). Clinical assessment. Sharing in health.ca:open access training in healthcare.Retrieved at http://www.sharinginhealth.ca/clinical_assessment/clinical_assessment.html

Nursing Documentation https://hhs.texas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/doing-business-with-hhs/provider-portal/QMP/NurseDocumentationPPT.pdf

Sharma, N and Gupta, V ( 2021). Therapeutic Communication. https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/viewarticle/127665/?utm_source=pubmed&utm_campaign=reviews&utm_content=127665#

Taylor, C., Lillis, C., Lynn, P., & LeMone, P. (2015). Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of person-centered nursing care(8th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health.

Wilson, S., Giddens, J., (2013). Health assessment for nursing

Health Assessment Guide for Nurses Copyright © by Ching-Chuen Feng; Michelle Agostini; and Raquel Bertiz is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Nursing Assignment

Health Assessment in Nursing Importance, Purpose, and Process

Health Assessment in Nursing: Understanding its Importance, Purpose, and Process. This article aims to provide an in-depth understanding of health assessment in nursing, including its purpose, process, and importance.

Table of Contents

What is Health Assessment?

Health assessment is a critical component of nursing practice that is fundamental in promoting the health and well-being of patients. It is a systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data to identify the health status, needs, and concerns of patients, as well as to develop appropriate nursing interventions to address these issues. Health assessment is an essential component of the nursing process, which is a systematic and organized method of delivering patient care. It is aimed at gathering information about the patient’s current health status and potential risk factors to promote disease prevention and early intervention. This article aims to provide an in-depth understanding of health assessment in nursing, including its purpose, process, and importance.

Purpose of Health Assessment in Nursing

The purpose of health assessment in nursing is to collect, analyze, and interpret data to identify the patient’s health status and needs, as well as to develop and implement appropriate nursing interventions to address these needs. The primary goal of health assessment is to promote health and prevent disease by identifying risk factors, early detection of illnesses, and promotion of a healthy lifestyle. Health assessment is a critical component of the nursing process, which includes assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The assessment phase is the foundation of the nursing process and involves the systematic gathering of information about the patient’s health status, history, and current health concerns.

The health assessment process begins with the collection of data from various sources, including the patient, family members, caregivers, and other healthcare professionals. The data collected includes the patient’s health history, physical examination, laboratory and diagnostic tests, and other relevant information. The data collected during the health assessment process provides a comprehensive picture of the patient’s health status, including their strengths, weaknesses, and areas of concern.

The health assessment process also involves the identification of risk factors and potential health problems. Risk factors are conditions or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing a particular health problem. Identifying these risk factors is essential in promoting disease prevention and early intervention. Health assessment is also aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle by providing education and resources to patients on how to maintain good health, prevent disease, and manage chronic conditions.

The Process of Health Assessment in Nursing

The health assessment process involves a systematic and comprehensive collection of data from various sources, including the patient, family members, caregivers, and other healthcare professionals. The process of health assessment is composed of four primary components, including health history, physical examination, laboratory and diagnostic tests, and documentation.

Health History

The first component of the health assessment process is the health history, which involves the collection of information about the patient’s past and current health status. The health history includes information about the patient’s medical history, family history, social history, and medication history. The medical history includes information about past illnesses, surgeries, hospitalizations, and allergies. The family history includes information about the patient’s family members’ health history and any genetic conditions that may run in the family. The social history includes information about the patient’s lifestyle, including their diet, exercise, and habits such as smoking or drinking. The medication history includes information about the patient’s current and past medications, including over-the-counter medications and herbal supplements.

Physical Examination

The physical examination is the second component of the health assessment process and involves the systematic evaluation of the patient’s body systems. The physical examination includes a comprehensive assessment of the patient’s vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, and oxygen saturation. The physical examination also includes an evaluation of the patient’s overall appearance, including their skin, hair, and nails. The examination of the patient’s head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat, as well as their cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal,and neurological systems are also included in the physical examination. The physical examination is aimed at identifying any abnormalities or potential health problems, which may require further investigation.

Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests

The third component of the health assessment process involves the ordering and interpretation of laboratory and diagnostic tests. These tests are used to confirm or rule out suspected health problems or to monitor ongoing medical conditions. The types of laboratory and diagnostic tests ordered depend on the patient’s specific health concerns, symptoms, and medical history. Some commonly ordered tests include blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests, such as X-rays and MRI scans, and electrocardiograms (ECGs).

Documentation

The fourth and final component of the health assessment process involves documentation. Documentation is essential for accurate and effective communication between healthcare professionals and for legal and regulatory purposes. The data collected during the health assessment process should be documented accurately, clearly, and concisely, following the standards and policies of the healthcare facility.

Importance of Health Assessment in Nursing

Health assessment is an essential component of nursing practice and is critical in promoting the health and well-being of patients. The importance of health assessment in nursing can be summarized as follows:

Early Detection of Health Problems

The early detection of health problems is essential in promoting disease prevention and early intervention. Health assessment enables nurses to identify potential health problems early on, which can prevent the development of more serious health conditions.

Risk Identification

Health assessment enables nurses to identify risk factors for various health conditions, which allows for early intervention and prevention of these conditions. Nurses can provide education and resources to patients to help them modify their behaviors and reduce their risk of developing certain health problems.

Promotion of a Healthy Lifestyle

Health assessment is also essential in promoting a healthy lifestyle by providing education and resources to patients on how to maintain good health, prevent disease, and manage chronic conditions. Nurses can educate patients on proper nutrition, exercise, and stress management, which can promote overall health and well-being.

Improvement of Patient Outcomes

Health assessment is critical in improving patient outcomes. By identifying potential health problems and risk factors early on, nurses can develop and implement appropriate nursing interventions to address these issues. This can lead to improved patient outcomes, including a reduction in hospital readmissions, complications, and mortality rates.

In conclusion, a health assessment is a critical component of nursing practice that is fundamental in promoting the health and well-being of patients. The purpose of health assessment is to collect, analyze, and interpret data to identify the patient’s health status and needs, as well as to develop and implement appropriate nursing interventions to address these needs. The health assessment process involves a systematic and comprehensive collection of data from various sources, including the patient, family members, caregivers, and other healthcare professionals. The importance of health assessment in nursing includes the early detection of health problems, risk identification, promotion of a healthy lifestyle, and the improvement of patient outcomes. Health assessment is an essential component of the nursing process and is essential in delivering effective and high-quality patient care.

Please note that this article is for informational purposes only and should not substitute professional medical advice.

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My De-Stress Plan - Students lead busy lives and as they reach young adulthood, they get busier. In this lesson, students take time to figure out what helps them relax.
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What's in There - Healthy eating starts with awareness. In this lesson students learn how to read the ingredient label on foods.
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v.23(3); 2022 Dec

Using a One Health Assignment as a Final Project in a Microbiology Course

Jennifer r. huddleston.

a Department of Biology, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas, USA

Associated Data

The One Health initiative is a comprehensive strategy that seeks to understand the balance between the human, animal, environmental domains and how each affects the health of the others. A One Health project is presented here that can be used as a final formative and summative assignment for undergraduate students enrolled in a microbiology course. Students learn about the initiative and then choose topics of relevance. They then synthesize concepts learned throughout the course and new information about the One Health initiative. An assessment rubric is provided that can be modified to a variety of different project types, not just papers, as described here. This One Health assignment helps students learn the importance of the microbiology concepts addressed in the course and also their real-world implications.

INTRODUCTION

Globalization has led to a high degree of interconnectedness among all inhabitants of the earth and has served as the impetus for the One Health initiative. This initiative is a strategic program aimed at understanding the intersecting health of humans, animals, and the environment ( https://cdc.gov/onehealth ). The One Health initiative is supported by the CDC, the American Veterinary Medical Association, and the American Medical Association, and was originally adopted as a collaboration in 2007 ( 1 ). Its primary focus is on the zoonotic diseases that can wreak havoc on both animal and human populations. It is for this reason that One Health should be an initiative of utmost relevance and importance to undergraduate students learning microbiology.

A few undergraduate classroom activities have previously addressed One Health ( 2 , 3 ), but most students are introduced to the concept in graduate, veterinary, or medical school. However, there is a movement to introduce One Health to students earlier in their educational careers ( 4 ). The assignment described here is given as a final project in an undergraduate microbiology course. It serves as both formative and summative in learning about specific aspects of One Health, integrating this knowledge, and addressing all of the objectives of AAAS Vision and Change and American Society for Microbiology (ASM) Curriculum Guidelines ( 5 , 6 ). The objectives are listed in Table 1 . This assignment gives students an opportunity to demonstrate knowledge while integrating it into a One Health framework, focusing heavily on the ASM guidelines related to scientific thinking (guidelines 30, 30a, 30b, 31, 31a) ( 6 ).

TABLE 1

Unique learning objectives for the One Health assignment

At the beginning of the 3-week unit, students are introduced to the One Health initiative through a series of formative assignments that are also scaffolding assignments for the final submission (see Appendix S1 and S2 in the supplemental material). The students learn about the initiative through a series of videos and the CDC website. They choose three topics which are given peer and instructor feedback, followed by a final topic decision. Three primary sources are chosen to learn source selection and proper citation style. The students then submit an annotated bibliography with at least 10 peer-reviewed sources, followed by an outline and part of a rough draft. Finally, they submit their projects (see Appendix S3) through an originality program in the course management system, which allows multiple resubmissions before the deadline and reinforces proper paraphrasing as students see their mistakes highlighted and have a chance for correction. The students then give an oral presentation summarizing their topic to classmates. This allows all students to learn about an array of different problems addressed by One Health. Students are evaluated with a single-point rubric ( Table 2 ) that gives transparent expectations of the project and efficient individualized feedback. The project comprises 10% of the final course grade (see Appendix S4).

TABLE 2

Single-point rubric for assessment of One Health assignment

Students may change their topic at any point. Sometimes students realize there is not enough information on their topic, or their topic is causing them emotional trauma (e.g., SARS-CoV-2 and a COVID-19 death in the family). Other than potential emotional trauma, there are no safety issues with this assignment.

This assignment has been used with four semesters of microbiology students ( n = 73) who have participated in informal conversations. The students appreciate writing a paper about a self-chosen topic over studying for a comprehensive exam. The most common challenge is learning how to discern primary peer-reviewed sources and how to paraphrase with integrity. Student feedback has led to improved transparency of the rubric (to expand types of topics, clarify length, etc.) and to a knowledge of how to direct students toward more achievable topics. Topics that have been successfully developed include Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome, antibiotic usage in agriculture, Rift Valley fever, Lyme disease, coral bleaching, and others.

Initially, this assignment was intended to allow for a variety of different types of projects, such as movies, not just papers. However, the students chose the paper format because of lack of rubric clarity for other types of projects, but with a modification, this assignment could allow for different project types.

The concepts in the One Health initiative are imperative for all citizens to understand, but they are especially important for microbiology students as future health care providers, veterinarians, teachers, researchers, and voting citizens. This assignment allows them to think critically and delve deeper into crises that our world is facing.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I thank all of the students in the microbiology courses who worked on One Health assignments and provided feedback on their experience and who asked questions when the assignment was not transparent. I declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Supplemental material is available online only.

Supplemental file 1

Appendices S1 to S4. Download jmbe.00077-22-s0001.pdf, PDF file, 0.1 MB

The Writing Center • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Understanding Assignments

What this handout is about.

The first step in any successful college writing venture is reading the assignment. While this sounds like a simple task, it can be a tough one. This handout will help you unravel your assignment and begin to craft an effective response. Much of the following advice will involve translating typical assignment terms and practices into meaningful clues to the type of writing your instructor expects. See our short video for more tips.

Basic beginnings

Regardless of the assignment, department, or instructor, adopting these two habits will serve you well :

Read the assignment carefully as soon as you receive it. Do not put this task off—reading the assignment at the beginning will save you time, stress, and problems later. An assignment can look pretty straightforward at first, particularly if the instructor has provided lots of information. That does not mean it will not take time and effort to complete; you may even have to learn a new skill to complete the assignment.
Ask the instructor about anything you do not understand. Do not hesitate to approach your instructor. Instructors would prefer to set you straight before you hand the paper in. That’s also when you will find their feedback most useful.

Assignment formats

Many assignments follow a basic format. Assignments often begin with an overview of the topic, include a central verb or verbs that describe the task, and offer some additional suggestions, questions, or prompts to get you started.

An Overview of Some Kind

The instructor might set the stage with some general discussion of the subject of the assignment, introduce the topic, or remind you of something pertinent that you have discussed in class. For example:

“Throughout history, gerbils have played a key role in politics,” or “In the last few weeks of class, we have focused on the evening wear of the housefly …”

The Task of the Assignment

Pay attention; this part tells you what to do when you write the paper. Look for the key verb or verbs in the sentence. Words like analyze, summarize, or compare direct you to think about your topic in a certain way. Also pay attention to words such as how, what, when, where, and why; these words guide your attention toward specific information. (See the section in this handout titled “Key Terms” for more information.)

“Analyze the effect that gerbils had on the Russian Revolution”, or “Suggest an interpretation of housefly undergarments that differs from Darwin’s.”

Additional Material to Think about

Here you will find some questions to use as springboards as you begin to think about the topic. Instructors usually include these questions as suggestions rather than requirements. Do not feel compelled to answer every question unless the instructor asks you to do so. Pay attention to the order of the questions. Sometimes they suggest the thinking process your instructor imagines you will need to follow to begin thinking about the topic.

“You may wish to consider the differing views held by Communist gerbils vs. Monarchist gerbils, or Can there be such a thing as ‘the housefly garment industry’ or is it just a home-based craft?”

These are the instructor’s comments about writing expectations:

“Be concise”, “Write effectively”, or “Argue furiously.”

Technical Details

These instructions usually indicate format rules or guidelines.

“Your paper must be typed in Palatino font on gray paper and must not exceed 600 pages. It is due on the anniversary of Mao Tse-tung’s death.”

The assignment’s parts may not appear in exactly this order, and each part may be very long or really short. Nonetheless, being aware of this standard pattern can help you understand what your instructor wants you to do.

Interpreting the assignment

Ask yourself a few basic questions as you read and jot down the answers on the assignment sheet:

Why did your instructor ask you to do this particular task?

Who is your audience.

What kind of evidence do you need to support your ideas?

What kind of writing style is acceptable?

What are the absolute rules of the paper?

Try to look at the question from the point of view of the instructor. Recognize that your instructor has a reason for giving you this assignment and for giving it to you at a particular point in the semester. In every assignment, the instructor has a challenge for you. This challenge could be anything from demonstrating an ability to think clearly to demonstrating an ability to use the library. See the assignment not as a vague suggestion of what to do but as an opportunity to show that you can handle the course material as directed. Paper assignments give you more than a topic to discuss—they ask you to do something with the topic. Keep reminding yourself of that. Be careful to avoid the other extreme as well: do not read more into the assignment than what is there.

Of course, your instructor has given you an assignment so that he or she will be able to assess your understanding of the course material and give you an appropriate grade. But there is more to it than that. Your instructor has tried to design a learning experience of some kind. Your instructor wants you to think about something in a particular way for a particular reason. If you read the course description at the beginning of your syllabus, review the assigned readings, and consider the assignment itself, you may begin to see the plan, purpose, or approach to the subject matter that your instructor has created for you. If you still aren’t sure of the assignment’s goals, try asking the instructor. For help with this, see our handout on getting feedback .

Given your instructor’s efforts, it helps to answer the question: What is my purpose in completing this assignment? Is it to gather research from a variety of outside sources and present a coherent picture? Is it to take material I have been learning in class and apply it to a new situation? Is it to prove a point one way or another? Key words from the assignment can help you figure this out. Look for key terms in the form of active verbs that tell you what to do.

Key Terms: Finding Those Active Verbs

Here are some common key words and definitions to help you think about assignment terms:

Information words Ask you to demonstrate what you know about the subject, such as who, what, when, where, how, and why.

define —give the subject’s meaning (according to someone or something). Sometimes you have to give more than one view on the subject’s meaning
describe —provide details about the subject by answering question words (such as who, what, when, where, how, and why); you might also give details related to the five senses (what you see, hear, feel, taste, and smell)
explain —give reasons why or examples of how something happened
illustrate —give descriptive examples of the subject and show how each is connected with the subject
summarize —briefly list the important ideas you learned about the subject
trace —outline how something has changed or developed from an earlier time to its current form
research —gather material from outside sources about the subject, often with the implication or requirement that you will analyze what you have found

Relation words Ask you to demonstrate how things are connected.

compare —show how two or more things are similar (and, sometimes, different)
contrast —show how two or more things are dissimilar
apply—use details that you’ve been given to demonstrate how an idea, theory, or concept works in a particular situation
cause —show how one event or series of events made something else happen
relate —show or describe the connections between things

Interpretation words Ask you to defend ideas of your own about the subject. Do not see these words as requesting opinion alone (unless the assignment specifically says so), but as requiring opinion that is supported by concrete evidence. Remember examples, principles, definitions, or concepts from class or research and use them in your interpretation.

assess —summarize your opinion of the subject and measure it against something
prove, justify —give reasons or examples to demonstrate how or why something is the truth
evaluate, respond —state your opinion of the subject as good, bad, or some combination of the two, with examples and reasons
support —give reasons or evidence for something you believe (be sure to state clearly what it is that you believe)
synthesize —put two or more things together that have not been put together in class or in your readings before; do not just summarize one and then the other and say that they are similar or different—you must provide a reason for putting them together that runs all the way through the paper
analyze —determine how individual parts create or relate to the whole, figure out how something works, what it might mean, or why it is important
argue —take a side and defend it with evidence against the other side

More Clues to Your Purpose As you read the assignment, think about what the teacher does in class:

What kinds of textbooks or coursepack did your instructor choose for the course—ones that provide background information, explain theories or perspectives, or argue a point of view?
In lecture, does your instructor ask your opinion, try to prove her point of view, or use keywords that show up again in the assignment?
What kinds of assignments are typical in this discipline? Social science classes often expect more research. Humanities classes thrive on interpretation and analysis.
How do the assignments, readings, and lectures work together in the course? Instructors spend time designing courses, sometimes even arguing with their peers about the most effective course materials. Figuring out the overall design to the course will help you understand what each assignment is meant to achieve.

Now, what about your reader? Most undergraduates think of their audience as the instructor. True, your instructor is a good person to keep in mind as you write. But for the purposes of a good paper, think of your audience as someone like your roommate: smart enough to understand a clear, logical argument, but not someone who already knows exactly what is going on in your particular paper. Remember, even if the instructor knows everything there is to know about your paper topic, he or she still has to read your paper and assess your understanding. In other words, teach the material to your reader.

Aiming a paper at your audience happens in two ways: you make decisions about the tone and the level of information you want to convey.

Tone means the “voice” of your paper. Should you be chatty, formal, or objective? Usually you will find some happy medium—you do not want to alienate your reader by sounding condescending or superior, but you do not want to, um, like, totally wig on the man, you know? Eschew ostentatious erudition: some students think the way to sound academic is to use big words. Be careful—you can sound ridiculous, especially if you use the wrong big words.
The level of information you use depends on who you think your audience is. If you imagine your audience as your instructor and she already knows everything you have to say, you may find yourself leaving out key information that can cause your argument to be unconvincing and illogical. But you do not have to explain every single word or issue. If you are telling your roommate what happened on your favorite science fiction TV show last night, you do not say, “First a dark-haired white man of average height, wearing a suit and carrying a flashlight, walked into the room. Then a purple alien with fifteen arms and at least three eyes turned around. Then the man smiled slightly. In the background, you could hear a clock ticking. The room was fairly dark and had at least two windows that I saw.” You also do not say, “This guy found some aliens. The end.” Find some balance of useful details that support your main point.

You’ll find a much more detailed discussion of these concepts in our handout on audience .

The Grim Truth

With a few exceptions (including some lab and ethnography reports), you are probably being asked to make an argument. You must convince your audience. It is easy to forget this aim when you are researching and writing; as you become involved in your subject matter, you may become enmeshed in the details and focus on learning or simply telling the information you have found. You need to do more than just repeat what you have read. Your writing should have a point, and you should be able to say it in a sentence. Sometimes instructors call this sentence a “thesis” or a “claim.”

So, if your instructor tells you to write about some aspect of oral hygiene, you do not want to just list: “First, you brush your teeth with a soft brush and some peanut butter. Then, you floss with unwaxed, bologna-flavored string. Finally, gargle with bourbon.” Instead, you could say, “Of all the oral cleaning methods, sandblasting removes the most plaque. Therefore it should be recommended by the American Dental Association.” Or, “From an aesthetic perspective, moldy teeth can be quite charming. However, their joys are short-lived.”

Convincing the reader of your argument is the goal of academic writing. It doesn’t have to say “argument” anywhere in the assignment for you to need one. Look at the assignment and think about what kind of argument you could make about it instead of just seeing it as a checklist of information you have to present. For help with understanding the role of argument in academic writing, see our handout on argument .

What kind of evidence do you need?

There are many kinds of evidence, and what type of evidence will work for your assignment can depend on several factors–the discipline, the parameters of the assignment, and your instructor’s preference. Should you use statistics? Historical examples? Do you need to conduct your own experiment? Can you rely on personal experience? See our handout on evidence for suggestions on how to use evidence appropriately.

Make sure you are clear about this part of the assignment, because your use of evidence will be crucial in writing a successful paper. You are not just learning how to argue; you are learning how to argue with specific types of materials and ideas. Ask your instructor what counts as acceptable evidence. You can also ask a librarian for help. No matter what kind of evidence you use, be sure to cite it correctly—see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial .

You cannot always tell from the assignment just what sort of writing style your instructor expects. The instructor may be really laid back in class but still expect you to sound formal in writing. Or the instructor may be fairly formal in class and ask you to write a reflection paper where you need to use “I” and speak from your own experience.

Try to avoid false associations of a particular field with a style (“art historians like wacky creativity,” or “political scientists are boring and just give facts”) and look instead to the types of readings you have been given in class. No one expects you to write like Plato—just use the readings as a guide for what is standard or preferable to your instructor. When in doubt, ask your instructor about the level of formality she or he expects.

No matter what field you are writing for or what facts you are including, if you do not write so that your reader can understand your main idea, you have wasted your time. So make clarity your main goal. For specific help with style, see our handout on style .

Technical details about the assignment

The technical information you are given in an assignment always seems like the easy part. This section can actually give you lots of little hints about approaching the task. Find out if elements such as page length and citation format (see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial ) are negotiable. Some professors do not have strong preferences as long as you are consistent and fully answer the assignment. Some professors are very specific and will deduct big points for deviations.

Usually, the page length tells you something important: The instructor thinks the size of the paper is appropriate to the assignment’s parameters. In plain English, your instructor is telling you how many pages it should take for you to answer the question as fully as you are expected to. So if an assignment is two pages long, you cannot pad your paper with examples or reword your main idea several times. Hit your one point early, defend it with the clearest example, and finish quickly. If an assignment is ten pages long, you can be more complex in your main points and examples—and if you can only produce five pages for that assignment, you need to see someone for help—as soon as possible.

Tricks that don’t work

Your instructors are not fooled when you:

spend more time on the cover page than the essay —graphics, cool binders, and cute titles are no replacement for a well-written paper.
use huge fonts, wide margins, or extra spacing to pad the page length —these tricks are immediately obvious to the eye. Most instructors use the same word processor you do. They know what’s possible. Such tactics are especially damning when the instructor has a stack of 60 papers to grade and yours is the only one that low-flying airplane pilots could read.
use a paper from another class that covered “sort of similar” material . Again, the instructor has a particular task for you to fulfill in the assignment that usually relates to course material and lectures. Your other paper may not cover this material, and turning in the same paper for more than one course may constitute an Honor Code violation . Ask the instructor—it can’t hurt.
get all wacky and “creative” before you answer the question . Showing that you are able to think beyond the boundaries of a simple assignment can be good, but you must do what the assignment calls for first. Again, check with your instructor. A humorous tone can be refreshing for someone grading a stack of papers, but it will not get you a good grade if you have not fulfilled the task.

Critical reading of assignments leads to skills in other types of reading and writing. If you get good at figuring out what the real goals of assignments are, you are going to be better at understanding the goals of all of your classes and fields of study.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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Former No. 2 Pick in MLB Draft Gets DFA'd by San Francisco Giants

After parts of four mediocre seasons with the San Francisco Giants, former No. 2 pick in the draft Joey Bart has been designated for assignment.

Author: Brady Farkas

In this story:

Former No. 2 overall draft pick Joey Bart has been designated for assignment by the San Francisco Giants.

Jon Heyman had the report on social media:

Joey Bart, No. 2 overall pick in the 2018 draft, has been DFA’ed by Giants

Joey Bart, No. 2 overall pick in the 2018 draft, has been DFA’ed by Giants — Jon Heyman (@JonHeyman) March 31, 2024

After being designated, Bart will have an opportunity to be traded or claimed on waivers. If he passes through waivers successfully, he can be released or assigned to the minor leagues with the Giants. However, given his age (27) and former prospect pedigree, it's certainly plausible that a team takes a flier on him.

Bart has played parts of four seasons with the Giants, but has never been able to be the successor to Buster Posey that the organization envisioned when they drafted him out of Georgia Tech. He played a career-high 97 games in 2022 and is just a .219 hitter lifetime with 11 home runs.

It's a disappointing outcome for a player that was once so highly regarded, but again, this isn't the end for Bart and he's likely to get more chances to turn his career around.

As for the Giants themselves, they clearly ran out of patience with Bart as they look to get back to the playoffs in the National League. After signing Jorge Soler, Jordan Hicks, Jung-Hoo Lee, and Matt Chapman this offseason, they see themselves as contenders and don't have time for developmental projects anymore

San Francisco is currently 2-2 on the season and they will open up a series with the division-rival Los Angeles Dodgers on Monday night.

Follow Fastball on FanNation on social media

Continue to follow our Fastball on FanNation coverage on social media by liking us on Facebook and by following us on Twitter @FastballFN .

Latest News

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Shohei Ohtani Not Currently Facing Discipline From Major League Baseball, Per Report

US Judge Shopping Curb Thwarted as Texas Court Resists (3)

By Jacqueline Thomsen

A Northern Texas federal court that has come under fire for judge shopping practices by litigants won’t change its case assignment policies — leaving few other plausible pathways to address the issue.

Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) said Monday the “Senate will consider legislative options” after US Chief District Judge David Godbey told him in a letter that Northern District assignment rules would stay in place. However, partisan divisions make it unlikely that Congress could pass a bill addressing judge shopping.

“It’s hard to imagine legislation getting out of Congress—even though it should be a no-brainer,” said Stephen Vladeck, a law professor at the University of Texas at Austin School of Law.

That leaves a Supreme Court decision addressing the topic or a lengthy rulemaking process among the only viable paths for a nationwide curb, and there’s disagreement within the judiciary whether it even have the authority to adopt such a measure.

The Northern District in particular has been criticized for its case assignment policies that result in lawsuits being filed in certain divisions automatically being heard by specific judges. US District Judge Matthew Kacsmaryk, who hears all civil cases filed in Amarillo, in particular has seen his court become the focus of scrutiny over judge shopping, as conservatives file challenges there including one to the abortion pill mifepristone.

The federal judiciary’s policy-making body, the Judicial Conference, last month adopted a policy urging courts to change their case assignment procedures to avoid litigants filing in courts where they think they’re more likely to have a favorable outcome. In guidance issued by a judicial committee, district courts were told that cases seeking national or state-wide relief should be randomly assigned throughout the full district.

In the letter released Monday, Godbey wrote that he and the other judges in his district met on March 27, and the “consensus was not to make any change to our case assignment process at this time.”

Schumer had urged Godbey in a March 21 letter to adopt such a policy “as soon as possible.” The top Senate Democrat referenced a previous letter exchange with the judge, saying the “logistical issues” that were raised then wouldn’t apply here, as only a few civil cases would be affected by the change.

Some top Senate Republicans urged chief judges to ignore the policy when it was initially thought to be mandatory. In a follow-up letter to top judiciary officials also sent last week, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) and others said they were “pleased that the judiciary has chosen not to interfere in the legislative process.”

A federal judiciary advisory committee is separately weighing a rule addressing forum shopping. However, during its most recent public meeting in January, members raised concerns that they might lack the authority to pass such a rule, but said they should keep studying the issue in case Congress decides to take action on it. A federal statute currently says that case assignment rules are set by chief district judges.

The Justice Department has pushed back against the idea the committee lacks the authority to create such a rule, and has argued that the courts could adopt a number of proposed policies to address judge shopping worries.

Amanda Shanor, assistant professor of legal studies and business ethics at the the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, has called for such a rule to be implemented. She said that a binding rule can be created under an act that allows the Supreme Court to set the rules of procedure for federal courts.

“The actions of the Northern District of Texas clearly demonstrate that a rule is still needed despite the policy,” Shanor said.

Vladeck said that he thinks the focus might shift to the Supreme Court, either through its rulings or its role in changing the federal rules on how civil cases proceed through courts. “But the more the Northern District becomes an outlier nationwide, the more I have to think it’s only underscoring why random assignment is better for all involved,” he added.

To contact the reporter on this story: Jacqueline Thomsen in Washington at [email protected]

To contact the editors responsible for this story: Seth Stern at [email protected] ; John Crawley at [email protected]

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Library Subject Guides

Health sciences: assignment research.

Dictionaries & Encyclopedias
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Health Statistics
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On this page ...

This guide outlines a simple, effective step-by-step approach to finding information for your assignment.

If you need individual help please do not hesitate to contact Margaret Paterson, the Health Sciences Librarian.

Define your topic and develop your search strategy

Before you start searching, spend a few minutes thinking about your question. It might help to create a mind-map of your ideas so you can identify themes and connections between them as well as think of useful keywords for your search. You will do a more effective search by considering the following:

What synonyms or related words might usefully be included in my search? e.g. smoking/tobacco teenagers/adolescents

What about search words with variant endings? This is specially important for finding both the singular and plural of search words. e.g. child* finds child/children/childhood Note that in many databases you can use an asterisk at the end of the root word to find other endings.

What about search words with different spellings? This is important when searching international sources. AskOxford provides a summary of the main differences between British and American spellings.

How do I connect my search words? Use OR to connect synonyms and related words. Place brackets around words connected with or. e.g. ( smoking OR tobacco ). Use AND when you want to focus your search by adding in additional words e.g. smoking AND health More information about connecting search words

Experiment with combinations of search words to find the ones that retrieve the best information for your topic.

Begin with recommended readings in LEARN

Check your LEARN course for recommended readings.

If there is a course text, this will be in the Library High Demand collection. You can find these by entering your course code into MultiSearch.

Search the Library catalogue and limit to either eBook or Books

- If you are looking for a specific book, enter an author's name or a few words from the book title

- If you are looking for a book on a topic, enter a few keywords

When you find a relevant book, click on the Subjects links in the catalogue record to find more books on your topic.

Remember that the Library has an increasing number of e-books.

Find journal articles

Journals are scholarly publications and are where you will find the latest research on a topic. Each issue contains a number of different articles by different authors.

You can find journal articles by searching MultiSearch or one of the many specialist health science databases we subscribe to.

Find information on the Internet

The Internet can be a rich source of information, but not everything will be useful or appropriate for academic writing. Web resources should be carefully evaluated and used in conjunction with the scholarly resources provided by the Library.

Health Sciences students may, for example, search the Web to find Government reports, statistics and policy documents.

Evaluate your sources

Think critically about the information you find. Here are some tips for evaluating your sources

Cite your sources

Avoid plagiarism by citing all the sources of information you use in your essay, using the APA citation style .

Write your assignment

See our Writing Guides page for books that have useful hints for writing about Health Sciences subjects. Or contact the Academic Skills Centre based in Central Library.

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Next: Writing and Citing >>
Last Updated: Mar 14, 2024 4:35 PM
URL: https://canterbury.libguides.com/hlth

Study Guides
Homework Questions

MHA FPX Assessment 4 Assignment

Health Science

What is ghee and why has it become so popular?

Ghee is a rich, golden cousin to butter .

It originates from India, where high temperatures made it difficult to store butter in its original form, according to The Washington Post. Ghee, on the other hand, could be stored more easily and for a longer time.

While ghee has been around for ages, it has become increasingly popular over the last few years in certain Western diets, such as keto and paleo .

If you haven't already, should you make the switch from regular butter to ghee? Here's what experts want you to know.

What is ghee?

Ghee is a clarified butter. The process of clarifying butter removes its milk solids, according to registered dietitian Caroline Thomason .

"This means that it is very low in lactose or completely lactose-free depending on the brand," she adds.

What does ghee taste like?

Ghee tastes slightly like butter, but is "richer in flavor," Thomason says.

Nutritional yeast is a vegan favorite. Does that mean it’s good for you?

Is ghee healthier than butter?

Most dietitians will tell you that "healthier" is a relative term. If you have lactose intolerance or a dairy allergy, Thomason says ghee could be a better option. If not, she notes, butter comparatively has fewer calories than ghee.

A tablespoon of unsalted butter contains roughly 102 calories, while the same amount of ghee has about 123 calories, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's food database.

"Either way, you’ll want to check with your doctor before trying something new as everybody’s tolerance level and allergic responses are different," Thomason adds.

Is whole wheat bread actually healthier? Here’s what experts say.

IMAGES

What the Health Documentary Movie Guide
Healthcare Assignment Help in UK by Academic Assignments
HEALTH AND EDUCATION.docx
Environment And Human Health
Health Assignment by Jonathan chidiac
Health Assignment Help

VIDEO

health assignment
Mental health assignment
stroke health assignment
Mental Health Assignment
Health History Video for Advanced Health Assessment
//deled health assignment first year//

COMMENTS

"What the Health" Documentary Film Guide w/ Answer Key Included
This worksheet guides students through viewing the documentary film "What the Health" (2017). This documentary focuses on the connection between our diet and disease, the misrepresentation of various food industries, and the exploration of a plant-based lifestyle. The film guide includes 27 total questions (in order as they appear in the ...
Medicare Assignment: What It Is and How It Works
Medicare assignment is an agreement between Medicare and medical providers (doctors, hospitals, medical equipment suppliers, etc.) in which the provider agrees to accept Medicare's fee schedule as payment in full when Medicare patients are treated.
What The Health Netflix Assignment.docx
1. The beginning of the film brings up somefindings from the World Health Organization that links processed meat to an increase in cancer. According to these findings, just one serving of deli meats daily increases your risks of colorectal cancer by _____. 2. The World Health Organization classifies processed meat as a Group 1 Carcinogen, the same group as _____, asbestos, and plutonium.
WHAT THE Health Documentary Assignment
WHAT THE HEALTH DOCUMENTARY: NUTRITION INFORMATION ANALYSIS ASSIGNMENT "What the Health" Documentary NB: YOU MAY CHOOSE TO DO A WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT OR PRESENTATION. Briefly explain the diet recommended in the movie. What are the major "claims" in the documentary regarding a plant based diet and disease prevention?
What the Health Assignment (doc)
Medicine document from Bergen Community College, 2 pages, Listed below are some new facts I learned after watching this movie - One in three Medicare dollars is spent on diabetic care. One in ten total health care dollars is spent on diabetic care. Processed meats are carcinogenic. Just one serving of deli mea
Medicare Assignment
Medicare assignment is a fee schedule agreement between the federal government's Medicare program and a doctor or facility. When Medicare assignment is accepted, it means your doctor agrees to the payment terms of Medicare. Doctors that accept Medicare assignment fall under one of three designations: a participating doctor, a non ...
What Is Medicare Assignment and How Does It Affect You?
All providers who accept assignment must submit claims directly to Medicare, which pays 80 percent of the approved cost for the service and will bill you the remaining 20 percent. You can get some preventive services and screenings, such as mammograms and colonoscopies, without paying a deductible or coinsurance if the provider accepts assignment.
PDF 8 steps for making effective nurse-patient assignments
It has clues to the information you need. It provides the framework for the assignment-making process, including staff constraints, additional duties that must be covered, and patient factors most impor-tant on your unit. Use the electronic health record (EHR) to generate various useful pieces of patient in-formation.
FREE Medicine and Health Worksheets
Medicine and health is a great ESL topic that will come up several times. Beginners will usually learn body parts very early on while intermediate students may talk about medicine and doctors when practicing giving advice. Advanced learners could benefit from talking about the health care system in their country.
What is Medicare Assignment
Summary: Medicare Assignment is an agreement between healthcare providers and Medicare, where providers accept the Medicare-approved amount as full payment, preventing them from charging beneficiaries extra. This benefits Medicare beneficiaries by controlling their costs and ensuring they only pay deductibles and copayments.
Public Health Assignment: A Comprehensive Guide to Success
Public Health Assignments play a pivotal role in assessing your knowledge and understanding of public health principles. These assignments are designed to test your critical thinking, research ...
Health Lessons
Health Which is better for you: "Real" meat or "fake" meat? Lesson duration 05:19 436,324 Views. 12:03. Psychology Why some people don't have an inner monologue. Lesson duration 12:03 2,629,777 Views. 18:38. Psychology Why thinking about death helps you live a better life - Alua Arthur ...
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The health history is the subjective data collection portion of the health assessment. Components of a Health History. The health history obtained by nurses is framed from holistic perspectives of all factors that contributes to the patient's current health status. The most common way of obtaining information is through an interview ...
PDF Assignment 1: Descriptive Epidemiology of a Public Health Problem
Both of these modules should be helpful for completing this assignment. The purpose of this assignment is to give you an opportunity to practice locating public health data, accessing it, and presenting a descriptive epidemiology of a public health problem. This is an individual assignment. The product you submit must be your own written work.
Health Assessment in Nursing Importance, Purpose, and Process
The purpose of health assessment in nursing is to collect, analyze, and interpret data to identify the patient's health status and needs, as well as to develop and implement appropriate nursing interventions to address these needs. The primary goal of health assessment is to promote health and prevent disease by identifying risk factors ...
PDF Health Assessments in Primary Care
Obtaining periodic health assessments on patients provides an opportunity for primary care teams to get a snapshot on the health status and the health risks of empanelled patients. Health assessment is a process involving systematic collection and analysis of health-related information on patients for use by patients, clinicians, and health care
Grade 9 to 12 High School Health Lesson Plans
My De-Stress Plan - Students lead busy lives and as they reach young adulthood, they get busier. In this lesson, students take time to figure out what helps them relax. Stop the Violence - Students will be able to recognize and explain that violence is learned and often carried out through the media. Stress Managment - After learning to ...
Using a One Health Assignment as a Final Project in a Microbiology
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What is an Assignment of Benefits?
Assignment of benefits is legal, thanks to a concept known as freedom of contract, which says two parties may make a private agreement, including the forfeiture of certain rights, and the government may not interfere. There are exceptions, making freedom of contract something less than an absolute right.
Shadow Health Assignment 4: Ethics Flashcards
Shadow Health Assignment 4: Ethics. Get a hint. Delegate educating Dr. Douglas. #1. Click the card to flip 👆. Ben Kasim = yes. Diya Modi = yes. Wade Anderson = no. Click the card to flip 👆. 1 / 45.
Unit 5 written ASSignment, health system
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What this handout is about. The first step in any successful college writing venture is reading the assignment. While this sounds like a simple task, it can be a tough one. This handout will help you unravel your assignment and begin to craft an effective response. Much of the following advice will involve translating typical assignment terms ...
People of color's relative valuing of having therapist performance data
Mental health care (MHC) therapists can possess, across their average patient, effectiveness strengths and weaknesses (i.e., ... Moreover, patients report wanting to use these data to optimize their referral/assignment to a therapist. As one way of supporting this value, purposefully matching patients to therapists' problem-specific strengths ...
Former No. 2 Pick in MLB Draft Gets DFA'd by San Francisco Giants
Former No. 2 overall draft pick Joey Bart has been designated for assignment by the San Francisco Giants. Jon Heyman had the report on social media: Joey Bart, No. 2 overall pick in the 2018 draft ...
US Judge Shopping Curb Thwarted as Texas Court Resists (3)
A federal statute currently says that case assignment rules are set by chief district judges. The Justice Department has pushed back against the idea the committee lacks the authority to create such a rule, and has argued that the courts could adopt a number of proposed policies to address judge shopping worries.
Subject Guides: Health Sciences: Assignment Research
Find journal articles. Journals are scholarly publications and are where you will find the latest research on a topic. Each issue contains a number of different articles by different authors. You can find journal articles by searching MultiSearch or one of the many specialist health science databases we subscribe to.
Health Stocks Fall on Medicare Rate Surprise
Health Stocks Fall on Medicare Rate Surprise. By. Anna Wilde Mathews, Reporter. A family practice provider uses a stethoscope to examine a patient. Federal payments to Medicare insurers next year ...
Written patient consent required for sensitive exams, HHS ...
The US Department of Health and Human Services issued new guidance on Monday clarifying that hospitals must obtain written consent for sensitive exams, such as pelvic, breast or prostate exams ...
MHA FPX Assessment 4 Assignment (docx)
Health-science document from Capella University, 3 pages, Create an 5-7 slide PowerPoint presentation with detailed speaker notes about the statistical results with a recommendation and plan of action for health system leadership. In your speaker notes, include the details for a recommendation to determine what
What is ghee? Taste, nutrition compared to butter
Ghee is a rich, golden cousin to butter. It originates from India, where high temperatures made it difficult to store butter in its original form, according to The Washington Post. Ghee, on the ...