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500+ Words Essay on Wildlife Conservation

Going by the importance of climate change and associated topics are garnering importance worldwide, an essay on Wildlife Conservation for students in English is an expected topic in the English exams. To prepare well in advance Vedantu has brought this essay for you. It is written by experts having expertise in English. Enough data and content are brought to you so that you can recall maximum points in the exam. This will ensure you achieve amazing marks in the English examination.

Let’s Being with the Essay on Wildlife Conservation for Students in English

Like forests, wildlife consisting of animals, birds, insects, etc. living in the forest is a national resource, which not only helps in maintaining the ecological balance but is also beneficial for various economic activities that generate revenue from tourism. The rich flora and fauna also play a major role in maintaining the ecological balance of a region. There was a time when human needs were minimal and there was bare interference in the wildlife. There is no denying the fact that due to urbanization, pollution, and human interventions wildlife is rapidly disappearing from the planet.

Today the biodiversity of the world is threatened due to the extinction of species. There are thirty-five hotspots around the world, which supports 43% of birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians as endemic. The IUCN has compiled a list of species and has classified the different species under extinct, critically endangered, less endangered, vulnerable, near threatened, and least concerned. This list is called the Red Data Book. According to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the number of birds, animals, marine and freshwater creatures has dropped by almost one-third of its earlier population.

Causes for Decline or Threat to Wildlife

One of the major reasons for the constant decline of wildlife is human’s ever-increasing demands and greed that have led to deforestation and habitat destruction. For development and urbanization, man has chopped down trees to build dams, highways, and towns and this has forced the animals to retreat further and further into the receding forests.

Rapid industrialization and urbanization due to the fast growth in population in recent decades have taken a heavy toll on wildlife. Global warming and extensive environmental pollution have largely threatened wildlife as they lead to habitat destruction and rising temperature.

There is a huge demand for animal fur, skin, meat, bone, etc. across the globe that has led to a decrease in the wildlife population. Poachers kill the animals for the illegal trading of their body parts. For example, elephants are massively poached for ivory, rhinoceros are poached in Assam for their horns. The desire to keep animals in captivity or their desire to consume certain animals as exotic food has resulted in the disappearance of many animal species such as tigers and deer.

Forest fires, food shortage, increase in the number of predators, extreme weather conditions and other extraneous reasons have led to the extinction and endangerment of many species. For instance, the recent forest fires in the Amazon (Brazil), Uttarakhand (India), Australia, etc. lead to the death of many animals every year. 

Many types of animals, birds, and fauna are needed to retain the ecological balance. They are considered necessary for scientific research and experiments that will benefit mankind.

Steps to Conserve Wildlife

The protection and conservation of wildlife is the need of the hour. Some conservation efforts which are widely implemented are given below:

Afforestation:

First and most importantly, humans need to have control over their needs. We need to prevent man from felling trees unnecessarily. Trees should be replanted if they are felled.

Pollution is one of the major causes that have led to the destruction of the habitat of animal species. Pollution of the environment like air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution hurts the entire ecosystem. It has become of utmost importance to control environmental pollution.

More campaigns must be launched to raise awareness in humans on the need to keep our environment clean. A man should be responsible to maintain a healthy and balanced ecosystem so they should be cordial with the environment. More organizations like PETA should be set up to create awareness among people for the protection of wildlife.

Population:

The man should consciously put a check on the rapid growth of the population. The slow growth of population will decrease the rate of urbanization and that will have a major impact on the preservation of wildlife.

Wildlife Sanctuaries:

Wildlife sanctuaries should be made to ensure the protection of the areas of ecological significance. Under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 various provisions for protecting habitats of wildlife are made by constructing national parks and sanctuaries. These parks and sanctuaries ensure the protection and maintenance of endangered species.

Ban of Illegal Activities:

Illegal activities like hunting, poaching, and killing animals, birds, etc. for collections and illegal trade of hides, skins, nails, teeth, horns, feathers, etc. should be strictly prohibited and severe punishments and fines should be imposed on people who do these kinds of activities.

Community initiatives

Communities come together to take various conservation initiatives such as the establishment of community forests, raising their voice against illegal activities, creating awareness among the masses, raising voice for the rights of the animals, conserving animals of cultural significance, and many more. For example, members of the Bishnoi community of Rajasthan are very vocal against poaching activities in the region.    

Many countries have taken the initiative to help animals by proclaiming various birds and animals either as national animals or as protected species. In India, the government has launched a program of Joint Forest Management to protect the wildlife and their habitat. Under this program, responsibilities have been assigned to the village communities to protect and manage nearby forests and the wildlife in them.  Animal species have the right to live just like humans. Therefore, we should take every step to conserve them and ensure their survival and betterment.

Wildlife is an integral part of our planet. Wildlife plays a significant role in the ecology and the food chain. Disturbing their numbers or in extreme cases, extinction can have wide-ranging effects on ecology and humankind. Valuing and conserving forests and wildlife enhance the relation between man and nature. We want our future generation to be able to hear the lions roar and peacocks dancing with their extravagant feathers and not just see them in picture books. We must take steps today or else it will be too late and we should always remember 

“Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed.”

-Mahatma Gandhi

FAQs on Essay on Wildlife Conservation

1. How is Wildlife Important for Humankind?

Wildlife comprises animals, birds, insects, and aquatic life forms. They provide us with a number of products, such as milk, meat, hides, and wools. Insects like bees provide us, honey. They help in the pollination of flowers and have an important role to play as decomposers in the ecosystem. The birds act as decomposers by feeding on insects. Birds like vultures are known as scavengers and cleansers of the environment by feeding on dead livestock. Thus, wildlife helps in maintaining ecological balance.

2. Why Should we Conserve Biodiversity?

We should conserve biodiversity because it is very significant for all living organisms and for the environment. We must conserve biodiversity to save it from becoming extinct.

3. Why are Animals Poached?

The animals are hunted and poached for collection and illegal trade of skins, fur, horns, skins, and feathers.

4. Write Two Steps that the Government has Taken to Conserve Wildlife.

The two steps that the government has taken to conserve wildlife are:

In order to conserve wildlife, the government has established national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves.

Many awareness programs are launched by the government to create awareness of protecting wildlife.

5. What is the importance of essays on Wildlife Conservation for students in English?

Essay on Wildlife Conservation is a topic given to students because it serves many purposes and holds a lot of importance in the present times. Before starting the essay, students will do adequate research to get enough data about the topic. In the process, they will learn a lot about wildlife conservation. While writing this essay they will learn to empathize with the plight of the animals. Also, they will become better at expressing themselves in written words by writing an essay on this topic as it is a very sensitive topic. This essay will not just help them in fetching excellent marks but it will also sensitize them about the current happenings.

6. What message does an essay on Wildlife Conservation for students in English carry?

Essay on Wildlife Conservation for students in English carries a very significant message that emphasizes the importance of the conservation efforts taken and that are needed. The essay talks about the efforts which have already been taken and are under implementation and it also talks about what needs to be done in the future. It also talks about why we need to conserve wildlife and what significance it holds. Overall the central message of the essay is to conserve and protect the wildlife as much as we can.  

7. What important points should be covered while writing an essay on Wildlife Conservation for students in English?

As such there are no rigid pointers that you need to cover while writing an essay on Wildlife Conservation, but you may use the following pointers for reference:

Definition of wildlife conservation

Explain the reasons for conserving the wildlife with valid points

Efforts that are taken by international agencies. This should also include various treaties and protocols signed 

Mention the efforts that are taken by the Indian government. Talk about various laws and legislations present.

Mention various provisions on the local level

Talk about various popular civil movements such as efforts undertaken by the Bishnoi Community

What can you do as students to conserve wildlife? Give suggestions and examples.

8. What steps taken by the government should be mentioned in the essay on Wildlife Conservation?

The Indian government has undertaken various measures to conserve wildlife in the country. You can mention some of these in the essay on Wildlife Conservation:

Wildlife Conservation Act, 1972

Schedules involved and protections provided to the animals

Conservation efforts for particular animals like tigers, elephants, etc.

Formation of various protected areas such as National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere reserves, etc.

Awards and accolades received by India on various international forums

Various international treaties and agreements were signed by India. 

Mention names of international grouping dedicated to conservation efforts whose India is a part of

You may refer to Vedantu’s forum to get more information about steps to conserve wildlife. 

9. In how many words should one write an essay on Wildlife Conservation?

Word count for writing an essay on Wildlife Conservation for students in English can vary depending on which standard the student is studying in. it can range from 300 words to 800 words. Accordingly, the level of writing and richness of the content should vary. You can refer to Vedantu’s guide on essays for further understanding the demand of any given topic. If the essay is being written by a student studying in class 10 then the essay should be data and opinion-driven. It should reflect the ideas and thoughts of the student that are substantiated with authentic data and valid reasons.

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Essay on Wildlife Conservation | India | Biology

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Here is an essay on the ‘Initiatives for Wildlife Conservation in India’ for class 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on the ‘Initiatives for Wildlife Conservation in India’ especially written for school and college students.

Essay on Wildlife Conservation

Essay Contents:

• Essay on the Crocodile Breeding Project

ADVERTISEMENTS: (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Essay # 1. Introduction to the Initiatives for Wildlife Conservation in India:

India is rich in various biogeographical provinces, ranging from the cold deserts of Ladakh and Spiti to the hot deserts of Thar, temperate forests in the Himalayas to the lush green tropical rain forests of the low lands. India has also large freshwater bodies such as Wular and Manasbal lakes in Kashmir, Chilka lake in Orissa and Kolleru lake in Andhra Pradesh and the rugged and rich coastline and coral reefs of Deccan.

Protected Areas are ecological/biogeographical areas where wildlife is conserved. Their habitats and natural resources are conserved and poaching is prevented. They are delimited to protect biological diversity. They are cold desert (Ladakh and Spiti), hot desert (Thar), wetland (Assam and N.E. States), saline swampy areas (Sunderbans, Rann of Kutch), mangroves, temperate forests, subtropical forests, tropical forests, tropical wet evergreen forests, tropical moist deciduous forests, tropical deciduous forests, tropical thorn, coral reef, etc. Protected Areas include national parks, sanctuaries and biosphere reserves.

1. National Parks:

They are strictly reserved areas meant for the betterment of the wildlife. They are reserved for improvement of wildlife. In them cultivation, grazing, forestry operation and habitat manipulation is prohibited.

2. Sanctuaries:

In them protection is given only to the fauna (animals) and harvesting of timber, collection of MFP and private ownership rights are permitted, but interference with the well-being of animals is not allowed. Here wild animals can take refuge without being hunted. Here collection of forest products, harvesting of timber, private ownership of land, tilling of land, etc., are allowed. Sanctuary is declared by the State Government under Section 18(1) of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, whereas National Park is declared under Section 35(1) of the Act.

In sanctuary the boundary is demarcated at the time of declaration. In national park boundary is well-defined and accurate.

3. Biosphere Reserves:

Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB) of the UNESCO evolved the concept of Biosphere Reserves. In biosphere reserve, multiple land use is permitted designating various zones.

(i) Core zone in which human activity is not permitted. All forestry and harvesting operations are prohibited and even entry is restricted. Only population studies and scientific investigations are allowed.

(ii) Buffer zone in which limited human activity is permitted. Here no shooting is allowed, but no professional graziers are allowed to establish cattle pens. Camping for tourists are allowed.

(iii) Manipulation zone in which large number of human activities is allowed, but ecology is not permitted to be disturbed.

In a biosphere reserve, wild population, traditional tribals and varied domesticated plant and animal genetic resources are protected.

India has identified 14 areas as Biosphere Reserves. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve includes parts of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. It was declared in 1986.

(iv) Restoration zone is a degraded area for restoration to near natural form.

4. Safari Park:

An enclosed park where wild animals are kept uncaged in the open providing natural habitat for viewing to the public.

An area set aside for exhibiting the wild animals kept in cages and artificial enclosures. Here animals’ freedom is restricted.

6. Zoological Garden:

A place where a large number of mammals, birds, reptiles, fishes, etc., are shown in a confined area in or near a city. Animals are usually kept in small enclosures or in cages. It is used for recreation and education of the public.

7. Zoological Park:

It is a zoo where animals are comparatively free and are shown in the natural surrounding with barriers and restrictions hidden from view. It is best located on the outskirts of cities where enough land is available.

8. Sanctum Sanctorum:

It is a sanctuary within the sanctuary or inner portion of a wild sanctuary or national park in which no forest operation or management is allowed. Even visitors are not allowed to prevent any kind of disturbance to wildlife.

Essay # 2. Conservation of Wildlife :

The management of human use of the biosphere so that it may yield the greatest sustainable benefit to present generation and to maintain its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of future generations is called the conservation. It is scientific management of wildlife to maintain it at its optimum level.

The conservation of wildlife is directly related to healthy and better forests. Wildlife conservation includes protection, preservation, and perpetuation of rare species of plants and animals in their natural habitats.

Conservation of living resources has three specific objectives:

1. To maintain essential ecological processes and life supporting systems.

2. To preserve diversity of species.

3. Sustainable utilisation of species and ecosystems which support rural communities and major industries.

Essay # 3. Conservation Strategies :

For wildlife conservation and its propagation, proper management techniques should be employed. Sanctuaries, national parks, biosphere reserves, projects, etc., have been created for exclusively protecting the wild flora and fauna in India as well as in other countries of the world. Scientists of 100 countries of the world have evolved comprehensive “World Conservation Strategies” for the judicious use of resources.

To save the existing species of wildlife they proposed some steps which are as follows:

1. Efforts should be made to preserve the endangered species. Species that are sole representative of their family or genus should receive special attention. Endangered species should be given priority over a vulnerable one, a vulnerable species over a rare one and a rare species over other categories.

All the threatened species should be protected. Priority be given belonging to monotypic genera, endangered over-vulnerable, vulnerable over rare and rare over other species.

2. Wildlife should be protected in their natural habitat in situ and in zoo and botanical gardens (ex situ). The threatened species should be conserved in situ as well as in ex situ.

3. Identify the habitats of wild relatives of the economically valuable and useful plants and animals and preserve them in protected areas like sanctuaries, national parks and biosphere reserves.

4. The critical habitats of the species like feeding, breeding, nursery and resting areas should be protected (safeguarded).

5. In case of migratory or wide ranging animals, protected areas should be established to preserve their habitats.

6. For migratory or wide ranging animals, pollution and exploitation of the environment along their migration routes should be controlled.

7. Unique ecosystem (national parks and biospheres) should be protected as a matter of priority.

The national protection programmes have to be coordinated with international programmes like biosphere reserve programme of UNESCO. Man and Biosphere Project and National Parks and Protected Areas of International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).

National Wildlife (Protection) Act was enacted in India in 1972. Wildlife protection strategies were formulated in India in 1983. Biosphere reserves have also been put into practice since 1986. Wildlife Institute of India is located at Dehradun (Uttaranchal). Indian Board for Wildlife (IBWL) was established in 1952.

8. The productive capacities of exploited species and ecosystems have to be determined and their utilisation should not exceed from those capacities.

9. International trade in wild plants and animals has to be regulated by appropriate legislative and administrative measures.

India is a signatory to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES).

Smt. Indira Gandhi (Late Prime Minister of India) addressed in her inaugural speech of World Conservation Strategies in 1980. She said that Indian tradition teaches us that all forms of life – human, animal and plant – are so closely interlinked that disturbance in one gives rise to imbalance in the other … Nature is beautifully balanced. Any disturbance creates a chain reaction which may not be visible for some time.

Essay # 4. Important Indian Wildlife:

The science of zoogeography has both ecological and historical aspects and the two are intimately interwoven. Animals and plants are living indicators of the characteristics of their environment. Their ranges mark the places in which environmental conditions are the same or similar. The evolution and distribution of species throws light upon the geological evolution of various parts of earth and upon the course of global changes in climate and vegetation.

Based mainly on historical-cum-geographical factors, Philip Lutley Schaler (1825-1913) and Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) have divided the world into six zoo-geographical regions, namely- Neoarctic, Palaearctic, Ethiopian, Oriental, Australian and Neotropical. India is of recent origin and it is a part of Oriental region. North Indian fauna during tertiary period were mastodons, eleven species of elephants, Siwalik bison, buffalo, ox, tamarau as well as the recent African animals like hippopotamus, giraffe, chimpanzee, rhinoceros and four-horned ruminant Sivatherium.

Area was covered with savannah and woodlands. Asiatic lion, striped hyaena and antelopes can be the relics of the past. The dhole, most endangered top predator, is on the edge of extinction. Less than 2500 members of species are alive in the world. From Siwalik were discovered fragments of jaw of Ramapitheus (primitive hominid ape).

India has three sub-regions on the basis of physiography and climate:

a. Himalayan mountain systems which has three distinct sub-zones:

(i) Himalayan foothills (from eastern frontiers of Kashmir to Assam),

(ii) High altitudes in the Western Himalayas (from Kashmir including Ladakh to Kumaon), and

(iii) Eastern Himalayan sub-region.

b. Peninsular-Indian sub-region which shares the animals of North Africa, such as lion, cheetah, leopard, hyaena, jackal and antelopes.

c. Indo-Malayan sub-region (Tropical evergreen forests) has similarities with Indian, Malayan and Indo-Chinese fauna. This sub-region contains red panda, gibbon, tree shrew, tapir, giant squirrel, and flying lemur.

1. Lion (Panthera Leo Persica):

It is gregarious carnivorous animal. It prefers open scrub forest mixed with thorny deciduous forest. The temperature of its habitat should not be more than 45°C in summer and not below 5°C in winter. It is found only in Gir forest of Gujarat State as well as in the whole Asian continent. Its habitat should be improved to raise the carrying-capacity for the prey species to meet the full demand of lion.

For herbivorous prey species, there should be total control in grazing of the livestock. Moghul emperor Jahangir was fond of hunting male lions and tigers. Col. Smith during Sepoy Mutiny in India in 1857 killed 300 lions of which 50 were from Delhi alone. By 20th century, the lions population was only 15. The last lion was killed at Anadra and Jaswantpura (Rajasthan) in 1876. Gir Lion Sanctuary Project was started in 1972. Due to conservation measures, lion population increased gradually to 250 in 1977.

2. Indian Tiger (Panthera Tigris Tigris):

Tiger is a solitary carnivorous animal having apparent territory. It is nocturnal predatory inhabiting dense forest such as thorny forest, dry and moist deciduous forest, evergreen and semi-evergreen forest. For raising its population, pasture lands should be improved for raising the carrying-capacity of the habitat for herbivorous preys.

Since 1972, tiger has been declared India’s National Animal. In the beginning of 20th century tiger population was about 40,000. In early 1970s their population was reduced to about 1800 due to unrestricted killing for skin, flesh and fat, etc. Indian tiger census conducted in 2008 showed their existence of only 1411 tigers. To save them from extinction, Project Tiger was started on April 1, 1973, by the Government of India with the help of W.W.F. (Worldwide Fund for Nature). Today there are 39 Project Tiger wildlife reserves in India covering an area of 37,761 sq. km.

3. Elephant (Elephas Maximns):

It is found in plains and hilly forest up to 1500 metre elevation. It needs a lot of water for drinking and bathing, so there must be perennial river, lake, etc., in the habitat. Its food is bamboo and grass, which should be in sufficient quantity. An adult elephant needs about three quintals green fodder daily. It is distributed throughout India except Madhya Pradesh, Andhra and Maharashtra. Generally only the males have large tusks, which are the extension of second pair of incisors. Canines and all incisors have lost.

Lengthened nose and upper lip forms the trunk. In some males, tusks are no longer than females (a few inches long) and called tuskless or Makhana. Elephants have very poor sight, but smell and hearing are acute. Limbs are pillar-like. Toes are embedded in a common mass of foot and encased in a common skin.

Their position is indicated externally by broad flat nails which may be fewer than the number of toes. Project Elephant started in 1992 which works for elephant protection. Elephants in India are trained for hunting, transportation, processions, travelling, visiting wildlife parks and sanctuaries, etc. Periyar wildlife sanctuary situated in Kerala having an area about 777 sq. km., was established in 1940 for elephant and other wildlife.

4. Indian Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros Unicornis):

It inhabits forest having marshy land and tall grasses. It feeds on grasses and also water-hyacinth. In 1904, only about twelve rhinos were left in Assam and fewer in North Bengal. In the past they were found extensively in river Indus plain and Ganges in northern India. Temur killed several of them on the frontiers of Kashmir. Babar also hunted rhinos in different parts of northern India.

Wanton hunting and decrease of natural habitat eliminated them in western part of India and now they are restricted in Nepal, Assam, etc. Its flesh and blood are offered as libation in Nepal. Urine is supposed to be antiseptic and is hung in a vessel at the main door as a charm against ghosts, evil spirits and diseases.

Rhinos are poached and killed for their horn which is a strong aphrodisiac and an antidote for poison. In Kaziranga National Park, Sibsagar/Nowgong district (Assam) about 1,654 rhinos is found. They are also transferred in Dudhwa Sanctuary in Kheri district of Uttar Pradesh. The species stands on the verge of extinction and needs strict protection.

5. Gaur or Indian Bison (Bos Gaurus):

It is gregarious, shy and largest animal of the family Bovidae. It lives in dense forest having meadows. It is also found in hilly areas below 1500 to 1800 metre height. It also needs sufficient water in its habitat. Bison is confined in India, Myanmar, and Malaya. In Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh they are found in jungles north of river Narmada. Few bisons are also found in Bandipur (Karnataka).

Both sexes of bison possess horns. They feed on coarse grasses, leaves and bark of certain trees. Bisons live in herds and breed in cold weather. Gaur is distributed in western ghats southwards from South Maharashtra, hill-forests of central and south-eastern Peninsula and West Bengal, Myanmar and Malay Peninsula. Gaur has the habit of visiting “salt-licks” spots where the ground is impregnated with salts and other minerals.

6. Wild Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis):

It is distributed from east of Assam (plane of Brahmaputra), eastern portion of Tara, Midnapur and Orissa. They are also found in forests of Bastar, Balaghat, Mandla and Raipur districts. They like large grass plains and plenty of water. Wild buffalo is larger in size than the tamed buffalo and black in colour. Its horns are black, triangular and large. Adult buffalo weighs about 800 kg. They live in herds of 8 to 15 animals. Breeding starts in autumn.

There are three important species of bear- Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), Himalayan black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus) and brown bear (Ursus arctos).

Sloth bear is widely distributed in India, found in the forests from Himalayan foothills to Sri Lanka and Assam. Its long hairy coat is black or black-brown in colour. There is a white V-shaped breast mark. Nails are white. It is nocturnal in habit and feeds on honey, insects and fruits. At the time of hunger, it takes carrion. Sloth bear shares habitat of tiger and elephant.

Himalayan black bear is found in forests of Himalayas up to 3,000 metre height. Its hairy black coat is shorter and smoother than the sloth bear. V-shaped breast mark is white or yellowish. Nails are black. It is carnivorous and kills sheep, goat, fowl and even cattle, though its main food is honey and fruit. It is nocturnal in habit and climbs the trees. It hibernates in winter.

Brown bear is found in Himalayas above the tree line (treeless mountain areas). It is large and heavy having hair coat of reddish brown colour. It mainly feeds on grass, roots, insects, fruits and grain but also eats meat of goat, sheep, cattle and fowl.

8. Black Buck (Antilope Cervicapra):

It is called Indian antelope, lives outside the forest in herds. It is gregarious and male has its territory. It is found in 13 states of India but the largest number is found in Rajasthan. About 10,000 are found in Jodhpur district. In Thar desert in Taal Chhaper Sanctuary in Churu about 1400 live in 7 sq. km. Black buck is found in 8 wildlife sanctuaries and nearly 14 other areas in Rajasthan. Black buck prefers open grassy fields and is dependent on water. It is not found in arid areas. Black buck is not found in Jaisalmer, parts of Bikaner and parts of Jodhpur with less than 200 mm annual rainfall. It feeds on small grasses.

9. Cheetal (Axis Axis):

Sambhar (Cervus unicolor), Four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis). Cheetal lives in moist deciduous forest, evergreen and thorny forests. It feeds on grasses, leaves, flowers and fruits.

Sambhar lives in open dry deciduous forest, and also found in dry and moist deciduous forest and evergreen forest. It is the largest among all deer species. It lives in small herds.

Four-horned antelope prefers dry and bushy savannah but also lives in open grassy field near the forest. It is solitary animal and generally lives in pair.

Cheetal and sambhar both are prey of top carnivore.

10. Swamp Deer/Barasingha (Cervus Duvauceli):

It is found in open grassy lands with marshy lands. Its habitat should have sufficient water. It lives in marshy tracts of Tarai and Duars from northern parts of upper Gangetic plains east to Assam. Its other subspecies (C. d. branderi) thrives on the open grassy land of Madhya Pradesh. They are now mostly confined to the Kanha National Park in Madhya Pradesh.

11. Musk Deer (Moschus Moschiferous):

Himalayan musk deer is a small primitive deer, was widespread throughout Himalayas from Pakistan, through India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Tibet and South-west China. Its head is dark grey with slight orange-brown patches above and below the eyes with white tipped ears. Throat is whitish around a central grey oval patch. Along the back, pelage is dark grey or brown, becoming orange-brown around the anal region. Male deer lacks antlers but possess tusks (canines of upper jaw) for fighting. A unique feature of this is presence of musk gland in male, which is chiefly responsible for its decline.

The gelatinous, brown musk secreted by preputial gland has been used in medicines and cosmetics for centuries. Its cost now is 40,000 to 59,000 U.S. Dollar per kg., in the international market. Its habitat destruction due to destruction of forest for livestock, timber and fuelwood is the main cause for the decline of species. The species was listed as vulnerable in Red Data Book. IUCN and WWF Project was launched with the cooperation of India to conserve the musk deer. The project is based in Kedarnath Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh.

12. Indian Crocodiles:

In India, there are three species of crocodilians such as:

(i) The Mugger or Freshwater Swamp Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris). It has average adult size of 3.5 metres, inhabiting rivers, pools, ponds, village tanks, lakes, swamps and reservoirs.

(ii) The Saltwater or Estuarine Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus). It grows more than 7 metres and is restricted to the coastal mangrove area in the saltwater (sea).

(iii) The Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus). It is the sole living member of the family Gavialidae. It has unique long snout. It has large size of more than 7 metres. It is a fish-eating, riverine species found in large rivers such as Ganga, Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Kosi, Gandak, etc., of North Indian Himalayan-fed river system.

Once abundant in all the major rivers and even ponds, they are among threatened animals today. Their population declined because of uncontrolled and all-season hunting for skin, flesh and sport. Loss of habitat due to construction of dams, diversion of rivers and human interference were other factors. In the wake of declining population, ‘Save the Crocodile’ projects were launched in 1974 under the guidance of Dr. H.R. Bustard as the chief technical adviser.

13. Great Indian Bustard (Aredotis Nigricaps):

It is one of the rarest birds of the world. In mid-1980s, bustard population was estimated to be between 500 and 1500, of which half of the birds surviving in Rajasthan. Bustard survived in nearly 200,000 sq. km. of the Thar desert. Surveys of 1993 and 1994 indicate that bustard numbers have almost half in the whole Rajasthan. In mid-1980s survey of bustard indicated that it is found in Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Pali, Jalore, Ajmer, Bhilwara, Tonk, Kota and Sawai Madhopur (11 districts). Bustard is distributed from central Punjab to central Tamil Nadu, western Orissa into eastern Pakistan.

Great Indian Bustard is under Schedule 1 of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Rajasthan Government has declared it as State Bird.

Bustard population decreased due to the development of 649-km Indira Gandhi Nahar Project (IGNP). It has resulted in expansion of agriculture, land colonisation, development of new towns and their expansion and change in natural vegetation due to extensive plantation of exotic trees, Shooting also played a major role in decimation of bustards of the Thar desert.

Bustards live in flocks. It was listed as globally threatened in 1966. During last 10 to 12 years the bustard population has crashed in many areas and now the total population could be as low as 500. It is extinct in Karera and Sorsan bustard areas.

Bustard is about one metre tall with long sturdy yellow legs without hind toe. Its plumage is dull brown above and white below. One male lives with 3 to 5 hens. It feeds on arthropods, lizards, snakes, mice and also grains and young shoots of plants. Their breeding season is from July to October and lay one or two eggs.

14. Common Peafowl (Pavo Cristatus):

It is also called peacock and in Hindi “Mor” or “Mayur”. It is found throughout India up to 1650 metres in Himalayas. It displays sexual dimorphism, male has a gorgeous occellated tail feathers, which are not found in female bird. The bird is not threatened but it is the National Bird of India.

Green Peafowl (Pavo Muticus):

It was distributed widely from north-east India to southern China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia and Indonesia. It is not found in Malaysia and Bangladesh. It has declined rapidly and now occurs in fragmented, greatly reduced populations. In India it is restricted to far north-eastern states in a very reduced number. Its number is declining due to hunting for meat, exploitation for trade and persecution by farmers, habitat conversion to farmland. It is a vulnerable species and receives legal protection in India and also in other countries.

15. Hornbills:

Rufous-Necked Hornbill (Aceros ripalensis) is found in mountainous regions between eastern Nepal and Vietnam. It is now absent from or very rare in this range, but still occurs in southern China, north-eastern India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam. In India, it has been recorded in West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and Sikkim. Recently it has been scarce in West Bengal and Assam and perhaps disappeared from its previous range. It is threatened by the combination of habitat loss and hunting.

Narcondam Hornbill (Aceros Narcondami):

It is found in Narcondam, a small area of the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal. In 1972 their number was 400, while in 1998 their number reduced to 295 to 320 birds. Its population is susceptible to climatic disasters and disease. The primary threats arise from establishment of police outpost on the island manned by 17 persons in 1969. In 1976 police introduced pairs of goats which increased to 130-150 in 1998 and further increased to 250 due to which natural woodland regeneration is reduced.

Each year at least 10-12 live standing trees are cut down for fuelwood and for poles to make fences to check goats not to enter the vegetable plots. Hunting for meat was also a threat to these birds. It is also listed in Schedule 1 of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Narcondam Island has been protected since February 1977 as a wildlife sanctuary.

Essay # 5. Project Tiger:

Tiger is our National Animal. It is found in diverse habitats and in different parts of the country. Tiger is at the apex position as top carnivore of the complex food-chain in most of our forest ecosystems. Over the years, the over-exploitation of the forest areas, merciless hunting, unscientific management, etc., reduced the habitat of tiger as well as leading to a rapid decline has, therefore, been in India not only as effort to save an endangered species but also with equal importance as a means of preserving biotopes.

Project Tiger has been inspired by such an approach. The Indian Board for Wildlife (IBWL) set up a Task Force for studying the condition of tiger population and its status. On the recommendation of this Task Force, Project Tiger was initiated a Central Sector Scheme in 1973 with 9 Tiger Reserves (total area: 13,017 sq. km.) located in different habitat types in 9 different states, but two more reserves have since been subsequently added to it constituting 11 Tiger Reserves in 10 different states of the country (total area: 15,800 sq. km.). But this number is not last and increasing always.

The main aim of the project was to conserve and improve the natural habitat of the tiger under different habitat types. The management practices and strategies in the reserves are controlled in such a way that all the limiting factors of habitats are removed. The steps to be taken in this direction are intensive anti-poaching drive, fire prevention, elimination of cattle-grazing, soil conservation, water management, eradication of weeds, non-interference by human activities, relocation of human habitation and so on.

The project started initially as a Central Sector Scheme and expenditure incurred by the States was provided by the Central Government till 1979-80. After this, the project had been given the status of Centrally Sponsored Scheme and the Centre and States are sharing cost on a 50:50 basis. The Worldwide Fund for Nature and Natural Resources (WWF) is also extending financial and technical help.

Essay # 6. Project Lion (Gir Lion Project) :

The lion stands as top carnivore in the food-chain of the ecosystem. The Indian race of lion (Panthera leo persica) is found only in the Gir Forest of Junagarh district in the Saurashtra peninsula of Gujarat State in whole Asian continent and, hence, also called “Asiatic Lion”. Another race of lion (Panthera leo) is found in Africa and called “African Lion”.

Today the Asiatic lion is restricted only in the Gir Forest of Gujarat State. Even in this very forest; due to merciless hunting, conversion of forest into agricultural land, uncontrolled cattle-grazing and spreading of infectious diseases through them, pressure of maldharis inside the forest, etc., hampered the habitat of this magnificent creature too much and subsequently declined its population reaching to the endangered stage.

Observing the situation of Gir Forest, it was discussed at the technical session of International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) in New Delhi in November, 1969 towards the conservation of Asiatic Lion and its habitat. A number of wildlifers and ecologists all over the world were consulted in 1972. The State Government gave guidelines to Forest Department for the management of this project.

The guidelines of the project were implemented in the same year. The area of sanctuary was increased from 1265.1 to 1412.12 sq. km., in 1974. The central core-zone of the sanctuary covering area of 258.71 sq. km., was declared as National Park. Many other fruitful and effective practices were done. Through the practical practices, approaches, marvelous results were achieved and the population of lion began to increase year after year.

Essay # 7. Project Elephant :

The project was started officially in 1991-92 but launched in 1993 by the Central Government to afford protection to the elephant. The census of elephant stated in 1993.

Now-a-days, two species of elephants are found:

(i) Indian Elephant (Elephas maximus) and

(ii) African Elephant (Loxodonta africana).

Indian elephant is comparatively smaller than the African and its pinna is also smaller. Indian elephants are distributed in Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka.

Elephants were extensively used as beast of burden, as transportation vehicle, and so on. In spite of these, they have been hunted for their tusks as ivory materials and export also. Hence, elephant catching was popular and an economic operation. As a result, its population declined very sharply.

Protection of the elephant began with the Elephant Preservation Act of 1987. To make more effective, Elephant Project was started for protection and propagation of the animal.

Through the project, habitat should be managed in such an effective manner that the elephant may take shelter peacefully inside the jungle which is its natural habitat, and in this way, we can check their hindrance, invasion, migration, etc., towards the village and agricultural-fields. By managing the habitat in good and scientific way providing the sufficient facilities, the animal will be bound to live properly in their natural-home without harming and killing the man and destroying the crops, which is happening now-a-days often giving much tension and worry to our society and the government.

Essay # 8. Crocodile Breeding Project :

(ii) The Saltwater or Estuarine Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus). It grows more than 7 metres and is restricted to the coastal mangrove areas in the saltwater (sea).

(iii) The Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus). It is the sole living member of the family Gavialidae. It has unique long snout. It has large size of more than 7 metres. It is a fish eating riverine species found in large rivers such as Ganga, Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Kosi, Gandak, etc., of the North Indian Himalayan-fed river systems.

Crocodiles have catastrophically declined worldwide in the post-war period largely as a result of sophisticated hunting methods for their hides by the luxury leather market. The problem continued around poaching and destruction of the remaining crocodile resource by fishery activities either direct or indirect, lethal effect of set nylon nets being used in fishing, disappearance of habitat of the sand-banks (which is essential for gharial nesting) replaced by concrete embankments, loss of riverine-habitats by dam-construction for irrigation or hydroelectric schemes. As a result, these crocodilian species came on the verge of extinction.

Crocodile hunting is now legally banned in India. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 lists both species of crocodile and gharial under Schedule I which affords total protection at all times. Similarly, Export I Instruction No 46/73 forbids the export of crocodiles and gharials, their hides or products therefrom.

Project Crocodile Breeding and Management was started as the report given by FAO expert, Dr. H.R. Bustard in 1974, stating “only management will restore the crocodile quickly and it appears that without management, the gharial will become extinct”. The actual project was started on April 1, 1975 in Orissa. Gharial eggs were collected and hatched for the first time in captivity anywhere in the world at Tikerpada, District Dhenkanal, Orissa, in June 1975. A small batch was also hatched at Kukrail near Lucknow the same year.

The Tikerpada hatched gharials were successfully reared for subsequent release back into the wild. At the same time, a Saltwater Crocodile Project was initiated in the tidal mangrove forests at Bhitar Kanika, District Cuttack, Orissa, and a Mugger Project and a Captive Breeding Project were also initiated, the latter for capitive-breeding of all three species was located at Nandankanan Biological Park, Orissa. All these projects were started by the Government of India under the help and guidance of FAO and UNDP. The Head Office of the Project is at Hyderabad.

The project has main functions such as:

(i) Conservation and Management of Crocodiles and Development of Sanctuary;

(ii) Rehabilitation of Crocodiles.

Conservation and Management of Crocodiles and Development of Sanctuary:

For the conservation of crocodile/mugger, their eggs are collected and hatched and reared in sanctuaries and released in rivers after attaining proper length of 1.2 metre. With the development of husbandry centres, steps have been taken to gazette and manage sanctuaries in ideal habitat areas for all three crocodilian species into which individuals were reared in. The various husbandry centres could be released when they attain a length of 1.2 metres.

The first sanctuaries to be gazetted in the country were Satkoshia Gorge Sanctuary and Bhitar Kanika Sanctuary, both in Orissa, Tristate Chambal Sanctuary of Madhya Pradesh-Rajasthan-Uttar Pradesh and the Katerniaghat Sanctuary in northern Uttar Pradesh (Uttaranchal). With the exception of Bhitar Kanika, declared for the saltwater crocodile, these sanctuaries were all for gharial, which due to its critically endangered status, was given prime attention during the early stages of the project.

The management of sanctuaries is, of course, a long-term task, but immediate steps were taken to try to cut down disturbances which resulted in the loss of many animals (for instance, fishing with nylon gill-nets was immediately banned in all four sanctuaries mentioned above), to implement protection and to make a start on implementing management plans (the first of which was ready in December, 1980).

Young crocodiles of size 1.2 metre are released into ideal areas of the natural habitat in small batches in early spring. Selected areas are specifically managed in the sanctuaries. This includes following cares- (a) Location of release-ideal habitat areas should be located where they will be free from disturbances, (b) Timing of release-it is important that the release be carried out at a time when water levels are low so that the young crocodiles can gain an intimate knowledge of their future home-range prior to the onset of the monsoon floods. The ideal time in South India is early February, this may be delayed by 4-6 weeks in the extreme North of the country.

Rehabilitation of Crocodiles:

Crocodiles breed in the end of winter. In the end of March or in the first week of April, the pregnant female makes 10-15 circular ditches of radius 30 – 50 cm in the sand of the river’s bank. Out of these 10-15 ditches, she lays whole of its eggs in one ditch and covers all the ditches by sands. The aim to construct more than one ditch is to protect the eggs from predators like jackals, etc. At a time, the female lays up to 100 eggs. Male and female crocodiles also watch the ditch in the night. Under the effects of heat and moisture of the Sand, the embryos develop and hatch in 60-70 days (incubation period) duration.

The timing of hatching of youngs from the eggs is acknowleded by the female by hearing special sound emitted by them. On hearing such sound, the female takes out the youngs by removing sand of the ditch. The young are removed by the female from the unhatched eggs also by breaking it. After this, the female brings the youngs into water keeping them on its back and looks after them till the next breeding season. But even after taking so much care, large number of youngs are eaten by fishes, jackals, birds and crocodiles themselves and very less number of youngs survive in nature.

(i) Gharial:

Gharial rehabilitation started in 1977 with release of 26 individuals into Mahanadi river, Orissa. By January, 1980, 107 individuals had been released into Mahanadi where the wild population had been reduced to 5 individuals. 3 individuals were also released in Rajasthan in a trial release in October, 1977. Large scale releases by Uttar Pradesh (into the National Chambal Sanctuary) commenced in May, 1979, and between then and late March, 1980, 185 were released. The total number of gharial released by the end of March, 1980, totalled 324.

(ii) Saltwater Crocodile:

The first saltwater crocodile release occurred in Bhitar Kanika Wildlife Sanctuary, also in Orissa, on April 27, 1977. By January, 1980, a total of 125 had been introduced into this one sanctuary. The total release up to May, 1980, including 40 released in West Bengal and 3 in Andhra Pradesh, was 168.

(iii) Mugger:

The first release of Indian mugger took place on February 7, 1977, with 4 individuals being released at Ethipothalla, Andhra Pradesh. This group has now been strengthened to 8 individuals and a further 33 have been released into Kinnersani Wildlife Sanctuary of Andhra Pradesh (March, 1980). On March 9-10, 1979, 130 were released in Tamil Nadu followed by 47 on May 29, 1979, hence, a total of 218 individuals have been introduced.

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Essay on Wildlife in India

Students are often asked to write an essay on Wildlife in India in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Wildlife in India

Introduction.

India, a country rich in biodiversity, is home to numerous species of flora and fauna. The country’s diverse landscapes, ranging from the Himalayan peaks to the coastal plains, provide a suitable habitat for a variety of wildlife.

Wildlife Species

India hosts a plethora of wildlife species. Majestic creatures like Bengal tigers, Asiatic lions, elephants, and rhinoceroses roam its lands. The country also shelters a multitude of birds, reptiles, and insects.

Wildlife Conservation

India has undertaken significant steps in wildlife conservation. Numerous national parks and wildlife sanctuaries have been established to protect and preserve the diverse wildlife. However, threats like poaching and habitat loss persist.

The wildlife in India is a treasure that needs to be cherished and protected. It is an integral part of our ecosystem and plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of nature.

Also check:

• 10 Lines on Wildlife in India

250 Words Essay on Wildlife in India

India, with its diverse ecosystems, is a treasure trove of wildlife, boasting a rich tapestry of species, some endemic to the subcontinent. The country’s wildlife is not merely an aesthetic or scholarly interest, but a keystone in the ecological balance that supports life itself.

India’s Wildlife Diversity

India’s geographical diversity, ranging from the Himalayas’ snowy peaks to the arid deserts of Rajasthan, the fertile Gangetic plains to the dense forests of the Western Ghats, provides habitats for a variety of wildlife. The country is home to over 7.6% of the world’s mammalian, 12.6% of avian, 6.2% of reptilian, and 6.0% of flowering plant species.

Notable Species

India houses many endangered and endemic species. The Bengal Tiger, Asiatic Lion, Indian Elephant, and Indian Rhinoceros are among the most iconic. The country also hosts a plethora of bird species, including the Indian Peafowl, our national bird.

Conservation Efforts

India’s commitment to wildlife conservation is evident in its network of over 500 wildlife sanctuaries, 18 Bio-reserves, and 104 National Parks. The Project Tiger, Project Elephant, and various bird conservation programs illustrate the country’s proactive approach to preserving its natural heritage.

Challenges and Future Directions

Despite these efforts, India’s wildlife faces threats from habitat loss, poaching, and climate change. The future of wildlife conservation in India depends on balancing development with ecology, enforcing stricter wildlife laws, and fostering a culture of conservation among its citizens.

In conclusion, India’s wildlife is a testament to the country’s rich biodiversity. It is a precious resource that needs our collective efforts for its preservation and survival.

500 Words Essay on Wildlife in India

Wildlife in India is a rich tapestry of biodiversity, shaped by the country’s diverse ecosystems. From the snow-clad peaks of the Himalayas to the dense greenery of the Western Ghats, India is home to a myriad of species, many of which are unique to the subcontinent.

The Expanse of Indian Wildlife

India’s wildlife is characterized by over 500 wildlife sanctuaries, 18 Bio-reserves and more than 120 national parks, spanning the country’s diverse geographical and climatic zones. These protected areas are home to over 350 species of mammals, 1,200 bird species, and around 30,000 types of insects, not to mention countless plant species.

India’s wildlife is marked by iconic species such as the Royal Bengal Tiger, the Asiatic Lion, the Indian Elephant, and the Indian Rhinoceros. The country’s avian life is equally diverse, with species like the Indian Peafowl, the Great Indian Hornbill, and the Siberian Crane, which migrates to India every winter.

Threats to Indian Wildlife

Despite its richness, Indian wildlife faces severe threats. Deforestation, habitat fragmentation, climate change, and poaching are among the most pressing issues. Rapid urbanization and industrialization have led to significant habitat loss, pushing many species towards the brink of extinction.

Poaching, driven by the illegal wildlife trade, has targeted species such as the tiger and the rhinoceros for their body parts, used in traditional medicine or as status symbols. Climate change, meanwhile, has altered habitats and disrupted migration patterns, posing a significant threat to India’s biodiversity.

In response to these threats, India has implemented several conservation strategies. The Project Tiger, Project Elephant, and the Indian Rhino Vision 2020 are among the most notable initiatives aimed at preserving these iconic species.

The government has also established an extensive network of protected areas, including national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. Community-driven conservation, where local communities are involved in protecting wildlife and their habitats, has also shown promising results in several parts of the country.

The wealth of wildlife in India is a testament to the country’s ecological richness. However, the threats facing this biodiversity are significant and require urgent attention. Through a combination of government initiatives, community involvement, and global cooperation, it is possible to safeguard India’s wildlife for future generations. The preservation of wildlife is not just about protecting individual species but about ensuring the health of ecosystems and, ultimately, the well-being of human societies.

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Wildlife Conservation Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on wildlife conservation.

Wildlife, like trees, is also a domestic asset that not only helps to maintain the ecological balance but also benefits from financial, recreational and aesthetic points of perspective. There was a time when the number of wild animals was quite large when human interference was minimum and there was no issue with their safety or conservation. But, with the development of farming , settlement, industrial and other development activities, and primarily due to man’s greed, the number of wild animals gradually decreased and decreased. As a consequence, several animal species have become extinct and several are on the brink of being so. The Wildlife Conservation Essay is an insight into the requirements of conserving wildlife globally.

Deforestation

Deforestation is also a major cause of wildlife loss. Mass murders of wild animals are taking place all over the globe for their meat, bones, fur, teeth, hair, skin, etc. The need for conservation of wildlife has now become a necessity.

Population growth, agricultural and livestock development, urban and road building, and pollution are among the many pressures on wildlife’s natural habitat. In addition to illegal hunting, the decrease of habitat and its degradation has endangered the biodiversity of the widespread areas.

Wildlife preservation does not imply blanket protection for all species of fauna and flora; rather, it means adequate, judicious control over the multiplication of crops and animals that communicate to provide a suitable atmosphere for the man whose very life is at risk today.

In the past, due to the irrational use of the earth’s natural and biotic resources, most wildlife was demolished after recovery. It is our immediate responsibility to safeguard the ecosystem’s natural splendor and to develop a system of coexistence with every living creature on earth.

While the world’s nations must be very specific in terms of wildlife conservation, the amount of wildlife is diminishing day by day. The World Wild Life Fund is a global organization that does a praiseworthy job of encouraging wildlife protection. National agencies are also involved in wildlife conservation.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Steps Towards Wildlife Conservation

• To study and retrieve all wildlife data, in particular, the amount and development of wildlife.
• Habitat protection through forest protection.
• Delimiting their natural habitat regions.
• Protecting animals against pollution and natural hazards.
• Full limitation on wildlife hunting and capture.
• To impose constraints on the export and importation of wildlife products and to impose serious penalties on those engaged in such activity.
• Developing game sanctuaries for particular wildlife or world life in particular.
• Special arrangements should be made to safeguard those very restricted species.
• To create a general understanding of wildlife protection at domestic and international level.
• The adoption by trained personnel of a wildlife management system.

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Wildlife Conservation Essay for Students in English [Easy Words]

January 15, 2021 by Sandeep

Essay on Wildlife Conservation: Protecting the wild animals, plants and the related fauna is collectively referred to as wildlife conservation. Man exploited wildlife and exercised poaching for his personal benefits. Due to his selfishness, many species are on the verge of extinction today. In 1972 the Indian government passed a wildlife protection act to prevent damage to wildlife. Zoos, botanical gardens, and wildlife sanctuaries are some of the ways wildlife is being preserved.

Essay on Wildlife Conservation 500 Words in English

Below we have provided Wildlife Conservation Essay in English, suitable for class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10.

“Wherever there are wild animals in the world, there is always an opportunity for caring, compassion, and kindness.”

Wildlife refers to the species of animals that are not domesticated. It plays a significant role in preserving the Earth’s ecological balance. It also provides stability to different natural processes. Wildlife conservation is a well-protecting wildlife population, ecosystems, and plants. Each species in the world needs food, water, shelter and, most importantly, reproductive opportunities.

Wildlife is a beautiful divine invention. God did not construct the universe exclusively for man. On this Earth, we consider the magnificent oak to the tiniest grass, from the giant whale to the smallest fries, in the wood. God forms all of these in a very balanced way. We, human beings, cannot contribute to these marvellous creations of nature but can preserve them. Thus, wildlife protection is essential to preserve the equilibrium of mother earth.

Types of Wildlife Conservation

Conservation of wildlife can be divided into two essential terms, namely “in situ conservation” and “ex-situ conservation.”

• In-Situ Protection: This form of protection preserves the imperil animal or plant in its natural environment. In Situ Conservation falls under initiatives such as National Parks, Biological Reserves.
• Ex-Situ Conservation: Ex-situ wildlife protection simply means off-site protection of wild animals and plants by eliminating and relocating a portion of a population to protected habitat.

Need for Wildlife Conservation

Conservation of wildlife is necessary to maintain a healthy ecological equilibrium among all living things. Every living being on this planet has a unique place in the food chain, and therefore contribute in their specific way to the ecosystem. Unfortunately, humans are destroying many natural ecosystems of plants and animals for land creation and firming. Some other factors that lead to the disappearance of wildlife are like poaching for fur, jewellery, meat, and leathers etc. If we do not take any action to save biodiversity , then one day all animals will be on the list of endangered species.

It is up to us to save the wildlife and our planet. It is also vital for medical values since a considerable number of plants and animal species are used to derive certain essential drugs. Ayurveda, India’s ancient medicinal system, also uses extracts of various herbs and plants. Wildlife protection is essential for preserving a safe and healthy climate. Birds like Eagle and Vulture, for example, contribute to nature by collecting dead bodies from animals and keeping the surroundings healthy.

Effective Wildlife Conservation Methods in India

To protect the environment, various types of wildlife management approaches may be employed. The following are some vital wildlife conservation methods in India:-

• Wildlife Conservation Laws – The 1972 Wildlife Protection Act is an act which attempts to protect the Indian wildlife. The Indian parliament enacted this act on 9 September 1972, and after that, the destruction of wildlife was limited to some degree.
• Habitat Management – This approach is used to perform wildlife conservation surveys and to hold statistical data. After that, the wildlife habitat can be improved.
• Creation of Protected Area – Protected areas are created to preserve wildlife, such as national parks, reserve forests, wildlife sanctuaries, etc. In these restricted regions, wildlife protection laws are implemented to protect the species.
• Awareness – There is a need to educate the people about the value of wildlife for wildlife conservation in India. Some people neglect or hurt wildlife since they are unaware of wildlife’s significance. Thus, awareness of conserving wildlife in India can be spread amongst people.
• Eliminating Superstitions  – Wildlife has always been endangered by superstition. Many body parts of wild animals, parts of trees are used as treatments for other diseases. Such remedies have no theoretical basis at all. Also, some people claim that bone, fur etc. will heal their chronic illness by wearing or using other animals.

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Wildlife Conservation in India (Geography)

August 20, 2020 by studymumbai Leave a Comment

Wildlife Conservation in India

Introduction

Over the years, factors such as rapid industrialisation, pollution, overpopulation, deforestation, animal exploitation, commercialization and climate change, has caused tremendous damage to the animals and their habitat.

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We all know that several species have become extinct in the world in the last few decades, and many more species are on the verge of extinction. While “no species” is going to last on earth forever, but their extinction is becoming a lot faster compared to the natural extinction rate, say experts.

Over the years, the public have become more cognizant of the problem and politicians world over are taking steps towards environmental and world life protection. This project takes a closer look at the efforts of the Government of India towards Wildlife Conservation in India.

Importance of Biodiversity

The Earth’s natural assets are made up of plants, animals, water, land, the atmosphere, and of course, humans.

Biodiversity is important for the overall good health of the planet as it has a direct impact on our lives. Reduced biodiversity means millions of people on this planet face a future where food supplies are more vulnerable to pests and disease, and where fresh water will be in short supply.

Reasons for Impact

However, things like overpopulation, deforestation, climate change, poaching and animal exploitation, human apathy is causing a big strain on our ecosystems.

Animals are poached as there’s a commercial demand for animal products such as ivory, horn, teeth, skin and bone. In India, animals like Tiger, Elephant, Rhino, Leopard, Monitor Lizard, continue to be poached, despite ban on poaching of wild animals and the trade of animal parts.

Because, biodiversity directly impacts human lives in big ways, the flora and fauna need to be protected and that is why wildlife conservation efforts become so much important.

Why Wildlife Conservation

Here are some more benefits of wildlife conservation.

Protecting forests from deforestation and rebuilding forest habitats to preserve biodiversity aids in the carbon-sequestering process, and guards against erosion. As a result, agricultural productivity also improves, thereby allowing farms to become more productive.

Wildlife conservation also helps protect human health as several key ingredients needed for modern as well as traditional medicines come from wild plants and animals.

Wildlife conservation projects also bring the community together as they call for a team effort. From rangers to administrators, conservation initiatives invite the opportunity for a new preservation-based economy.

Conservation steps taken by Government of India

Besides initiating several conservation projects of wild animals, Indian Government has also initiated additional schemes to protect endangered animals and for wildlife protection in general.

Here are some important steps taken by the Government of India to protect biodiversity in India.

Indian Government came up with the Wildlife Protection Act in 1972, and created several protected Areas like National Parks, Sanctuaries, Conservation Reserves and Community Reserves for protecting wildlife. There’s law in place now that punishes those involved in illegal acts such as hunting, poaching.

Wetland (Conservation and Management) Rules 2010 have been drafted to protect wetlands in India. The National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic Eco-System provides assistance to the various states for proper management of all wetlands.

Wildlife Crime Control Bureau was established to curb the illegal trade of wildlife and that of endangered species.

Special organizations like Wildlife Institute of India, Bombay Natural History society and Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History were setup to conduct research on conservation of wildlife.

In order to strengthen tiger conservation, National Tiger Conservation Authority was established by Government of India. A Special Tiger Protection Force (STPF) has also been constituted.

• The State Governments have been asked to strengthen patrolling in and around Protected Areas. E-Surveillance has started in a few Wildlife Sanctuaries.

Laws and Acts Passed by Indian Government to Protect Wildlife

Here are some important Environment and Biodiversity Acts Passed by Indian Government.

• Fisheries Act 1897
• Indian Forests Act 1927
• Mining And Mineral Development Regulation Act 1957
• Prevention of Cruelty To Animals 1960
• Wildlife Protection Act 1972
• Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974
• Forest Conservation Act 1980
• Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981
• Environment Protection Act 1986
• Biological Diversity Act 2002
• Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Rights) Act 2006

Important Wildlife Protection Projects by Indian Government

The Government of India has undertaken several Wildlife Conservation projects to save animals and their habitats. Here are a few important ones.

Project Tiger

• Project Elephant
• Crocodile Conservation Project

Tiger is the national animal of India and it’s important to safeguard the population of this majestic animal by taking care of their habitat.

The much-needed project was launched in Jim Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand way back in 1972 under the leadership of Indira Gandhi, and the primary objective of the this project was to save the Royal Bengal Tigers from getting extinct in India.

One of the most successful wildlife conservation ventures, ‘Project Tiger’ has not only contributed to the conservation of tigers but also of the entire ecosystem. There are close to fifty tiger reserves situated spread across several regions in India, the more popular ones being Corbett National Park in Nainital and Ranthambore National Park in Rajasthan. Jim Corbett, Bandipur, Ranthambore, Nagarhole, Gir, Kanha, Sunderbans, Sariska, Tadoba are some of the national parks in India that are involved in Project Tiger.

At such reserves, the Tiger Task Force conducts regular assessments of the number of tigers, their habitat, and hunting habits. Human interference in any of the reserves and forests is not allowed. A proper habitat has been created for the Tigers to hunt, live and survive.

Project Tiger has been acknowledged as one of the most successful projects in Wildlife conservation. The project has seen significant success in the growth of the habitat, and increase in Tiger population in the reserve areas, from a meagre 268 tigers in 9 reserves in 1972 to well over 2000 tigers in 2018.

Another positive impact of the project is the ‘employment’ that it generates. Project Tiger has not only been useful to tigers, it has been useful for humans as well. Right from building national parks to managing every aspect of it, requires manpower. The massive success of the project has generated significant employment as well.

Project Elephant was initiated by the Government of India in 1992 with the objective of conserving elephants and their habitat.

Under the project, existing natural habitats and migratory routes of elephants are restored ecologically. Scientific and planned management is being developed for conservation of elephant habitats and viable population. Overall welfare of elephants is considered, issues like human-elephant conflict are taken care of, and there’s also efforts to improve protection of elephants from poachers and unnatural death.

The Project is being implemented in several States / union Territories, such as Andhra pradesh , Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Jharkhand , Karnataka , Kerala , Meghalaya , Nagaland , Orissa , Tamil Nadu , Uttranchal , Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.

The first elephant reserve or elephant sanctuary in India was the Singhbhum Elephant Reserve of Jharkhand. Since then, many more elephant Reserves have come up in India. The Bandipur National Park in Karnataka is the largest habitat of wild elephants in India.

The Crocodile Conservation Project is another successful venture by Government of India to conserve crocodiles in India; this species was on the verge of extinction once in India.

The primary objectives of the crocodile project include:

i) to boost reproductive output by collection of wild-laid eggs with subsequent incubation and rearing of young until of a size (less vulnerable to predation) suitable for release in the wild. The establishment of viable gharial breeding populations in Chambal and Satkoshia Gorge sanctuaries have received a lot of praise for its success.

ii) to protect the natural habitat of various species such as gharial/aligator, mugger/crocodile saltwater crocodiles. This is done by establishing sanctuaries, promoting captive breeding, improving management of the sanctuaries and the various activities, and by involving the local people in the project.

Today, there are several crocodile rehabilitation centres and crocodile sanctuaries established in India. Among the more popular crocodile sanctuaries in India are the Madras Crocodile Bank Trust in Mamallapuram (Mahabalipuram) in Tamil Nadu, National Chambal Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh, Bhitarkanika National Park in Odisha. The Crocodile Breeding and Management Training Institute was established in Hyderabad in 1980 to address the need for well-trained staff, which is extremely important for a successful crocodile conservation programme.

For a long time, humans have had a self-interested relationship with the environment, which has caused a lot of damage to our environment, especially wildlife. Rapid deforestation, overpopulation, and consumer culture are the biggest causes for the extinction of several flora and fauna, and biodiversity loss.

While efforts are being taken by the government towards wildlife conservation, it is important for the general public and businesses to adopt more sustainable means, in order to prevent further damage to our ecosystems.

Taking care of the world’s wildlife should be everyone’s responsibility and the sooner we realise this, it will be good for our own species; it’s a fallacy that the humans will continue to survive on this planet when all other species around are getting extinct.

References / Bibliography

LIVING PLANET REPORT 2020

Wildlife Conservation Initiatives by Indian Government

National Tiger Conservation Authority

Elephant Reserves

Crocodile Conservation in India

The GOI UNDP Sea Turtle Conservation Project

India adopts SAWEN statute against wildlife crimes

Academic Projects on Wildlife Conservation in India

Question. Reasons why Wildlife Conservation is needed – poaching, climate change, there are many endangered species (mention a few) in India.

What are the main conservation steps that the enlivenment of India is taking.

What are the various sanctuaries, reserves and protected forests we have in India.

Write a para on a protected forest or sanctuary in India, the name of the sanctuaries, the different kind of projects that the government is undertaking – tiger, rhino, etc.

Question. Class X: Geography Project. Wildlife conservation efforts in India. Do a case study about an endangered species in India. This project should include: The general description about the endangered species. Distribution and habitat. Special adaptations if any. Interesting Features. Feeding habits. Breeding habits. Factors leading to endangering of that species. Conservation strategies. Support your project with recent newspaper clippings.

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Wildlife Conservation Essay

The phrase "wildlife conservation" serves as a reminder to protect the resources that nature has given us as a gift. Animals that have not been domesticated or tamed are represented by wildlife. They are the only wild animals that live in a natural environment. Here are a few sample essays on the topic ‘wildlife conservation’.

100 Words Essay On Wildlife Conservation

Animals, plants, and their habitats are preserved and protected through wildlife conservation. Similar to forests, wildlife is a national resource that contributes to ecological balance and is also valuable from an economic, recreational, and aesthetic standpoint. There was a time when there was no human intervention, there were a lot of wild animals, and there was no issue with protecting or conserving them.

However, as agriculture, settlement, industry, and other developmental activities increased, as well as largely as a result of human greed, the number of wild animals rapidly decreased. As a result, a number of animal species have already gone extinct, and a number more are in danger of doing so. In order to preserve the environment and life on Earth, it is essential that we concentrate on wildlife conservation.

200 Words Essay On Wildlife Conservation

Need for wildlife conservation.

The need for wildlife conservation results from how human beings are altering lifestyles and advancing ways of living. The massive clearing of trees and forests is causing the habitats of wildlife to be destroyed. The mass extinction of wildlife species is the result of human beings' careless actions. Poaching and hunting are illegal activities; no animal may be killed for recreational purposes.

Wild animals and plants crucially maintain the ecological balance. They have to be considered necessary. The threat to wildlife comes from a variety of sources. Significant factors contributing to the decline of animals include rising pollution, climatic changes, resource overuse, irregular hunting and poaching, habitat degradation, etc. The government has created and modified a large number of laws and regulations aimed at protecting animals.

As we know, deforestation is a huge problem when we speak of wildlife conservation. Trees and forests are home to numerous animals and birds. Thus we need to plant more trees and stop cutting them as well. My school has recently decided to plant trees near our school area, which is empty. This might be a small initiative, but we need to have more afforestation so that it can have a significant impact and help us conserve wildlife.

500 Words Essay On Wildlife Conservation

Like trees and animals, wildlife is a domestic resource that helps maintain the natural balance and has aesthetic, recreational, and economic advantages. When humans were not present, there were numerous wild animals and little concern for their protection or conservation.

Importance Of Wildlife Conservation

The wildlife in our ecosystem is a crucial component. Here are a few justifications for protecting wildlife:

Wild plants provide one-third of the world's pharmaceutical needs regarding medicinal value. For medical science and technology research, forests offer a wealth of opportunities. Additionally, it gives an excellent opportunity to produce therapeutic drugs on a vast scale.

Maintains the health of our environment by assisting with global temperature regulation. Additionally, it aids in preventing the greenhouse effect and halting sea level rise.

Helps to maintain ecological harmony - In this regard, the interdependence of plants and animals is crucial.

Forests are important economically because they provide raw materials that support the nation's economic development and raise living standards.

Causes Of Wildlife Depletion

Habitat Loss - The intentional destruction of forests and agricultural land for numerous construction projects, roads, and dams significantly reduce the habitat for various species of creatures and plants. Animals are deprived of their habitat by these practices. As a result, they either need to find a new environment or go extinct.

Overexploitation of Resources - Although resources should be used wisely, they are overused when they are used unnaturally. The usage will contribute to species extinction.

Hunting and poaching - These activities are terrible since they include trapping and killing animals for sport or to gain a particular item. Ivory, skin, horn, and other valuable animal goods are a few examples. They are collected by hunting and killing the animals after extracting the product or holding them captive. As a result, there are more and more mass extinctions; the musk deer is one example.

Using Animals for Research - Many animals are used in research labs of academic institutions to assess outcomes. The mass extinction of the species is the effect of taking in such a significant number of them.

Pollution - Unwanted changes in the environment's condition lead to a polluted one—likewise, air, water, and soil pollution. However, the decline in the diversity of animal and plant species can be directly attributed to changes in the air, water, and soil quality.

Impact on Marine Biodiversity - Contaminated water significantly impacts marine biodiversity because the pollutants disrupt the marine biota's ability to function. The contaminants and temperature variations have a significant impact on the coral reef.

My Contribution

The organisation under which I work is building some zoos. In these zoos, we will keep the endangered and rare animals near the forest area in our locality. They will be safe and can be taken care of in this manner. Poaching is another reason for the depletion of wildlife. These zoos will also ensure that these endangered species are not killed and can safely continue their race. I am very proud of my organisation and encourage other organisations and the government to take specific steps for the safety of these animals so they can live peacefully.

Explore Career Options (By Industry)

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Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

Data Analyst

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Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

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Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Product manager.

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Stock Analyst

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A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

Safety Manager

A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

Conservation Architect

A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.

Structural Engineer

A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software. 

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description:  A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Field Surveyor

Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or  MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.  

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process. 

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Wildlife Conservation Efforts in India, Importance of Wildlife Conservation

Wildlife plays a vital role in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem. It serves various purposes ranging from protecting our biological diversities to maintaining our cultural ethos. Wildlife is indispensable for striking a crucial balance that enables us to live and grow. However, with growing modernization and globalization, we are facing a climate crisis and our wildlife in India is decreasing day by day. Now, we are learning about wildlife conservation in India and the Importance of Wildlife Conservation. The government has done the wildlife conservation efforts in India. In this article, we will explore the meaning of wildlife conservation, the importance of wildlife conservation and the projects initiated by the government.

Table of Contents

What is wildlife?

As the term “wildlife” itself suggests, it means undomesticated or grown in the wild. In simple terms, it refers to all the flora and fauna that live in their natural habitat.

The term wildlife is also defined under Section 2(37) of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. As per the section, wildlife refers to any animal, either aquatic or territorial, and vegetation that constitutes our natural habitat. In simple words, it means all the plants and animals that live in the natural habitat will be considered our wildlife. These organisms are very important for maintaining the ecological balance and help us to fulfil our needs.

Introduction of wildlife conservation

Wildlife conservation is the process of steps taken by us to protect the wild species and their natural home. Because wildlife is one of the most important parts of the earth’s ecosystem. Due to the increasing population of the world, human is destroying the wildlife for food and shelter.

The destruction of our nature, environment and wildlife can be easily observed. The overexploitation of resources led to irreversible damage to our ecosystem. So, there is a stringent need to protect our wildlife.

Wildlife Conservation Meaning

Wildlife conservation refers to a method of protecting the wild species and their natural habitat from the threats like poaching, smuggling, killing etc. Through their protection, we can ultimately enhance, protect or restore our vulnerable ecosystem.

Various wildlife conservation efforts must be taken at both the national as well as at international levels. A good number of NGOs are also working for the same cause.

The convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (popularly known as CITES) is considered one of the most important agreements inked at the international level in 1973. This agreement listed our various species into various categories for their conservation.

Types of Wildlife Conservation in India

There are mainly two types of wildlife conservation in India

• Ex-situ conservation
• In-situ conservation

In this, the species remain in their natural habitats and the places are protected by protecting the whole ecosystem of the place. For instance: wildlife sanctuary.

In this, the protection of biodiversity or wild animals is taken from their natural habitat and shifted to a new safe place for their conversion. For instance -the zoo.

Legal Provisions for wildlife Conservation Efforts in India

In India, various laws provide for the conservation of wildlife, as well as overall biodiversity. The chief among them is the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 which was implemented to protect our wild animals, birds and plants. Further, a Wildlife Crime Control Bureau has been set up to curb illegal trade or smuggling of endangered species in the country. There are many constitutional provisions protecting the environment.

Under Article 51(g), the constitution of India also guarantees the protection of wildlife and compassion for living creatures. In addition to this, Article 48 also puts an obligation on the state to protect, safeguard and work for the improvement of forests and wildlife in the country. The subjects relating to the protection of wildlife are mentioned under the concurrent list , which means both the Centre and the state government is empowered to make law on this subject.

In the case of the State of Bihar vs. Murad Ali Khan (1989 ), the Honourable Supreme Court held that hunting has been defined under Section 2(16) of the Wildlife Protection Act. If the same is done without the permission of the forest authorities, the offence is punishable under Section 51 of the Wildlife Act.

Increasing the population of the world is the main reason behind the destruction of wildlife. We must take the necessary steps for wildlife conservation because it is also connected to us. But the question arises why is wildlife conservation important or what is the importance of wildlife conservation?

Importance of Wildlife Conservation

Our daily activities like Logging, poaching and agriculture expansion are causing the extinction of wildlife and loss of biodiversity. Human activity is pushing the wildlife species to near extinction. Due to the poaching, many species like rhinoceros and elephants are near extinction in Africa.

We are doing thousands of activities that are endangering the wildlife species in danger. We should do the conservation of forests and wildlife in India and every other country and protect these species because there are many benefits for humans and animals including taking steps for wildlife conservation. So, let us discuss the importance of wildlife conservation.

For the growth of crop

The small animals are like bees. Butterflies and birds play a vital role in the growth of crops and the production of food for humans. These animals aid in the pollination of crops. Pollination is dependent upon these insects. Whenever they travel from one flower to another, they carry pollen and make the process active.

For medicine

Plants are playing a major role in medicine but many animals are important for the production of medicine. The venom from the king cobra is used for the medicine of leprosy.

For relaxing the mind

People always go to zoos and forests to see the wildlife in their habitat. According to the research, the person who watches animals every day and walks in the natural habitat is more stress-free than others.

Watching wildlife documentaries

Whenever we get bored, we start watching wildlife documentaries where we learn thousands of things about survival and it relaxes our minds.

To preserve culture

There are many plants and animals which are recognized by our ancient culture. By doing wildlife conservation, we are saving our heritage and culture. The wildlife conservation in India is working on this as many trees and animals are recognized as God and Holy.

For tourism attraction

The main reason for tourism to any specific place is to see its flora and fauna and natural habitat. Tourism is the best source of earnings. So, if we save the wildlife and their natural habitat, then it will be a profitable deal for that place.

For the protection of biodiversity

Our food chain is depending upon every animal. We take our food from nature, and it is important to make the balance in nature to save our food. The animals like tigers and lions are depended upon other animals for their food. But if the tiger or the lion dies, the other animals will get more population and they will eat all the plants which can cause a shortage of food.

For ecological activity

Plants and trees are very important for our ecological system as they give oxygen which is most important for humans. It is also balancing the carbon dioxide and oxygen on the planet.

For education and learning

The wildlife is important for education and learning for the children. The importance of education in our life is very important. By studying the wildlife, we can find many new ideas for survival which are important for our growth. If we teach our children about the importance of wildlife conservation, then they will be able to recognize their duties against animals and plants.

For the research of new plants

The main point for the protection of wildlife is that we can research new plants and trees.

As the climate is changing day by day, it is possible that we need new types of plants which can provide us with food. The research of new plants can help us to identify the new breeds of crops which can help us to survive in the future.

After reading all the points related to the importance of wildlife conservation, we can say that we must take major steps to save the wildlife so that the human can survive on this planet for more time.

To preserve it for the future generation

Many species were on the planet before our birth and which are extinct due to human behaviour. And possibilities are that some other species will be instinctive from the earth if we did not understand the importance of wildlife conservation. Our future generation will be able to see most of the species in future if we take the steps for wildlife conservation.

Wildlife Conservation Efforts in India

The term Conservation has not been explicitly defined in Indian statutes, but for general understanding, it means preservation, protection or restoration. These efforts are undertaken to ensure that the resources shall be used sustainably and that future generation also has access to these resources. Wildlife is a part of nature and it is our responsibility to protect it.

Conservation efforts are undertaken to integrate evolutionary theory with environmental reality. It helps us to predict how our wildlife would react to future environmental changes. In our rituals, there is the explanation of many trees and animals which are still considered the sign of God and are worshipped as God. In my opinion, these are the best steps taken by our Ancestors to save such types of trees and animals which are more important for the survival of humans because almost all the trees and animals which we worship are important to us.

Wildlife Conservation Projects in India

The Indian government has initiated various projects to protect wildlife in the country. Some of them are briefly described below-

• Project Tiger

The population of Indian Tigers started declining drastically as we were approaching the 20th century. A nationwide Tiger Census was conducted in 1972 to estimate the population of tigers in the country.  From the finding, it came out that the large-scale development activities and establishment of industries led to deforestation, and further loss of habitat to the tigers.

So, keeping in mind the necessity, the Project Tiger was launched in 1973 at the Palamau Tiger Reserve, Jim Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand. It was a centrally sponsored scheme governed by the Wildlife Act, 1972. For the administration of this project, the National Tiger Conservation Authority was set up under Section 38 of the Wildlife Protection Act in 2005.

In 1973, it started from 9 tiger reserves, but now it has substantially grown to fifty reserves. The Project has proven to be a significant success in the recovery of the tiger population in the reserved areas. As per the 2019 census, there are 2967 Bengal tigers in India.

• Project Snow Leopard

Project Snow Leopard was launched in 2009 to encourage inclusivity and a participatory approach to the conservation of this endangered species.

The Snow Leopard mainly inhabits the Himalayan landscape along with some states such as Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, etc. Schedule 1 of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 and IUCN has declared the snow leopard as a vulnerable species. They have been accorded a very high conservation status both nationally and internationally.

To encourage their conservation, International Snow Leopard Day is celebrated on 23rd October each year. The Government also launched the ‘First National Protocol on Snow Leopard Population Assessment’ in the year 2019, which encompasses the use of technology such as camera traps and scientific surveys.

This initiative was started with the combined efforts of the Global Snow Leopard and Ecosystem Protection Program. More than 12 snow leopard countries including India, Pakistan, Nepal, Russia, China, Bhutan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Mongolia are a part of this initiative.

• Project Elephant

Elephants are the National Heritage of our country. India has more than 27,000 elephants spread over 26 elephant reserves but with utmost dismay, only 65% of the elephant corridors are in protected areas.

This project was launched in the year 1992 by the central government. It was implemented in 13 states and 88 elephant corridors were set up. Under this project, the Haathi mere Saathi Yojna was started by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in partnership with the wildlife trust of India. To give true effect to this project, The Elephants’ Preservation Act, of 1879 was enacted.

• Sea Turtle Project

This project was launched in 1999 by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in collaboration with UNDP. The Olive Ridley Turtle visits India during Winter. The task for implementing the policies framed under this project has been assigned to the Wildlife Institute of India. It is placed in the Vulnerable category on the IUCN list.

• Crocodile Conservation Project

The main objective of this project is to protect the population of crocodiles in their natural habitat.  It is important to note that the “Gharial” is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN list.

• Project Dolphin

Recently, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has notified the Ganges River Dolphin as a National Aquatic animal. It was listed in Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act 1972.

• Project Hangul

In the decade 1970, the Jammu and Kashmir Government in collaboration with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and World Wildlife Fund (WWF) started a project for the protection of Kashmir Red Stag and its habitat. This project was later on recognised as Project Hangul.

The Hangul or Kashmiri Red stag is a subspecies of the Central Asian Red Deer, which is mostly found in the region of Kashmir Valley and some parts of Himachal Pradesh. Initially, their population was approximately 5000 in number, but with growing urbanisation, it decimated to as low as 150 by the end of 1970. This project also aims to create an enclosure for the artificial breeding of the species.

• India Adopts SAWEN

The term SAWEN stands for the “South Asia Wildlife Enforcement Network”. It is an intergovernmental wildlife support body, which was launched in 2011 at Paro, Bhutan. The main objective of SAWEN is to establish mutual collaboration for wildlife protection. The member countries of SAWEN are Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and the Maldives.

• Captive Breeding Program

It can be understood as a selection of particular wild species bred in an artificial condition under the supervision of experts. This method is perceived as the last chance to preserve a species in the wild.

Threats to wildlife conservation efforts In India

In the present times, natural resources are used in abundance and it led to the scarcity of endangered species. Their population is declining day by day. As per a recent report, the wildlife population has decreased by a whopping 68% since 1970. There are various reasons behind it and some of them are enumerated below-

• Overpopulation

Since the human population is rising day by day, it results in an increasing demand for land and other things. The increasing demand for land ultimately results in deforestation which causes habitat loss to these animals.

It can be understood as the illegal trading of animals. It is increasing rapidly as the parts of animal bodies attract a very high value in the international market.

• Overexploitation

It can be explained as making use of something over our capacity. At present, the diminishing rate of species is very much faster than its recovery. Some species are overtly exploited to meet our human wants, which is a serious threat to our ecosystem.

• Climate change

Climate holds special importance in every aspect. In the past few decades, it is observed that due to global warming, the temperature of Earth is rising, which causes the melting of the glaciers, volcanic eruptions etc. Various species of the Himalayas have become extinct due to global warming.

Pollution is one of the major threats to wildlife. The various types of pollution including air pollution , water pollution , and soil pollution is becoming a serious cause of concern for us.

• Natural or man-made Disaster

If we play with nature, it will play with us too!

We have reached a situation wherein we are witnessing deadly disasters almost every year. The unprecedented covid-19 pandemic is the best example for us, which put the entire world on standstill. Apart from it, earthquakes, floods, and land degradation have become quite common.

Methods of Wildlife Conservation

The following are the methods of wildlife conservation in India

• Habitat management:
• Establishment of the protected area:
• Rehabilitation of Endangered species:
• Captive breeding programme:
• Mass education:
• Promulgation of laws:

Wildlife conservation FAQ

What is Conservation?

The meaning of conservation is to prevent the natural world by taking some small and major steps toward our future. Because without the wildlife, humans will not survive for a long time.

What is wildlife conservation?

Wildlife conservation means the protection of wildlife. Wildlife is an important factor in our ecosystem, without their existence, the ecological balance will shift to an unbalanced state. There is a strong need for wildlife conservation. The action taken to save wild plant and animal species from extinction is called wildlife conservation.

No man or wild animal can imagine his life without nature.

How can we conserve wildlife?

We can make minor and major steps in our daily lives to conserve forests and wildlife, like fair use of natural resources.

Conclusion of wildlife conservation in India

Wildlife conservation is very essential for sustainable development. Wildlife conservation efforts in India are increasing now. Various efforts have been made at both the National and the International levels like Project Tiger, Project Elephant, Captive breeding program etc., But still, there is a long way to go. First and foremost, we should curb the overexploitation of our natural resources and put a combined step toward a better world and start the program to show the importance of wildlife conservation in our life. So that the people should understand their responsibilities and use the natural source least and only for the fair use.

Access to everything is dangerous, so we should take measures while using trees and animals for our food.

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Essay on Wildlife Conservation: From 50 Words to Long Essay

Essay on Wildlife Conservation in India: – Wildlife is an important part of the environment. In recent times we have got plenty of emails to write an essay on the conservation of wildlife. So we have decided to write a number of essays on wildlife conservation. These essays can also be used to prepare wildlife conservation articles as well.

Are you Ready to Go?

Table of Contents

Essay on Wildlife Conservation in India

(Wildlife Conservation Essay in 50 Words)

Wildlife conservation means the practice of protecting wildlife; wild plants, animals, etc. The main aims of wildlife conservation in India are to protect our wild animals, and plants for the future generation.

Wildlife is a part of nature that maintain the balance in the ecosystem. In order to live a peaceful life on this earth, we need to protect the wildlife too. Some people are seen harming the wildlife for their personal benefit. There are lots of wildlife conservation laws in India but still, our wildlife is not safe.

Essay on Wildlife Conservation in India (100 Words)

(Wildlife conservation Essay)

Wildlife conservation means the act of protecting wildlife. On this earth, wildlife is equally important as human beings. But unfortunately, the wildlife on this earth is always in danger as we, the human being are destroying it regularly only to fulfill our personal needs.

Many animals are on the verge of extinction due to the irresponsibility of man. Trees are vanishing from the earth daily. As a result of that, the ecosystem and the balance of nature is deteriorating.

In India, the growth of population has caused a lot of damage to wildlife. Though we have wildlife conservation laws in the country it has not reduced the destruction of wildlife as expected. People need to feel the importance of wildlife and try to protect it from being destroyed.

Essay on Wildlife Conservation in India (150 Words)

Wildlife refers to the animals, insects, birds, etc. living in the forests. There is an importance of wildlife as it maintains the balance on earth. Wildlife also helps in the promotion of various economic activities that generate revenue from tourism.

But unfortunately, the wildlife in India is not safe. From ancient times, people are destroying wildlife to fulfill their own needs.

In 1972 govt. of India introduced a wildlife protection act to protect the wildlife from the cruel clutch of men. The wildlife conservation laws have reduced the destruction of wildlife, but still, wildlife is not completely safe.

There are different causes of the destruction of wildlife. The main cause is the rapid growth in population. On this earth, the human population is growing very rapidly and human beings is occupying forest areas gradually.

As a result of that, the wildlife is vanishing from the earth. So in order to protect the wildlife from being vanished, the growth of the population needs to be controlled at first.

Essay on Wildlife Conservation in India (200 Words)

Wildlife, nature’s gift to mankind, is continuously helping in maintaining the ecological balance of the earth. But, due to some human activities like mass killing of wild animals for their teeth, bones, fur, skin, etc along with population growth and expansion of agriculture fields reduces the number of wild animals and many species of wild animals have become extinct.

Wildlife conservation is the process of protecting all the wild plant and animal species in their habitat. As we know, every living creature on this earth contributes to the ecosystem in their own special way, wildlife conservation has become one of the most important tasks for mankind.

There are mainly two types of wildlife conservation, namely “in situ conservation” and “ex-situ conservation”. 1st type of wildlife conservation includes programs like National Parks, Biological Reserves, etc and the 2nd type includes programs like Zoo, Botanical Garden etc.

Hunting of wild animals and capturing of wildlife must be banned by the government by imposing strict laws in order to succeed in Wildlife Conservation. Moreover, restrictions on importing and exporting of wildlife products must be banned to get a faster result in wildlife conservation.

Essay on Wildlife Conservation in India (300 Words)

Introduction to wildlife conservation essay: – Wildlife constitutes the animals, birds, insects, etc. that are found in their natural habitat. Wildlife is considered an important part of this universe. But endangered by hunting and encroachments on their natural habitat, many species of wildlife are on the verge of extinction. Thus there is a need for the conservation of wildlife.

Importance of wildlife: – God has created different creatures on this earth. Each and every creature perform its role to maintain the ecosystem on the earth. Our wildlife also plays a vital role in this process.

We can understand the importance of wildlife when we look at the trees. The trees release a sufficient amount of oxygen to the environment so that we can get oxygen in the air to breathe in. The birds maintain the balance in the growth of the population of insects. So the importance of wildlife needs to be felt and we should try to protect wildlife.

How to protect wildlife: – We have discussed a lot about the protection of wildlife. But the question arises ‘How to protect wildlife?’ First of all, we, human beings need to feel the importance of wildlife and should stop destroying it for our personal benefit.

Secondly, we have the wildlife conservation laws in India, but these wildlife conservation laws need to be forced strictly to safeguard the wildlife. Thirdly, superstition in our society is another cause of wildlife destruction.

Removal of superstition from society is required for the conservation of wildlife. Again national parks, reserve forests, and wildlife sanctuaries can be set up to protect wildlife.

Conclusion to wildlife essay: – It is high time to save/protect wildlife for their future existence. Besides the govt. laws, both govt. and non-govt. organizations should take strict steps for the conservation of wildlife.

Along with the govt. efforts, awareness, and cooperation of people are needed for the conservation of wildlife in India. People need to know the importance of these valuable natural resources. Wildlife is an integral part of our national heritage. Thus we should protect wildlife for our future generations.

Long Essay on Wildlife Conservation in India (700 Words)

Introduction to wildlife conservation Essay: – Wildlife is a wonderful creation of God. God has not created the universe only for human beings. On this earth we find from the huge whale to the smallest fries, in the forest, we can find the majestic oak to the tiniest grass. All are created in a very balanced way by God.

We, the human beings don’t have the capacity to contribute to these marvelous creations of God but can protect them. Thus conservation of wildlife is necessary to maintain the balance of mother earth.

What is wildlife: – We all know “what is wildlife? Collectively the wild animals, the native fauna, and flora of a reason can be called wildlife. Wildlife is found in all ecosystems. In other words, we can also say that the animals and plants that grow in a natural conditions are called wildlife.

What is wildlife conservation: – Wildlife conservation refers to the act of protecting wildlife from being destroyed. The condition of wildlife on this earth is deteriorating on daily basis. The time has arrived to conserve wildlife from the cruel clutch of man.

The human being is the main destroyer of the wildlife. For example, the one-horned rhinos of Assam are on the verge of extinction as poachers are killing it daily for their own benefit.

Importance of wildlife conservation: – It is not necessary to describe a lot about the importance of wildlife conservation. We should not allow the wildlife or a part of wildlife to vanish from this earth.

We all know that nature maintains a balance of its own and every creature on this earth performs its duty to assist nature to maintain the natural balance. For example, trees not only provide oxygen to us but also maintain the climatic condition of a region.

It also performs its duty in reducing global warming on this earth. Again the birds control the population of insects in the ecosystem. That is why the conservation of wildlife is important to maintain the balance of our ecosystem.

If we ignore the importance of wildlife and cause harm to it on regular basis, there will be a reverse effect on us too.

Important methods for conservation of wildlife in India: – Different types of wildlife conservation methods can be applied to protect the wildlife. Some important methods for wildlife conservation in India are as follows: –

Management of habitat: – Under this method of wildlife conservation surveys are conducted and statistical data are kept. After that, the habitat of the wildlife can be improved.

Establishment of the protected areas: – Protected areas like national parks, reserve forests, wildlife sanctuaries, etc. are established to protect wildlife. Wildlife conservation laws are enforced in these restricted areas to protect the wildlife.

Awareness: – For the conservation of wildlife in India, there is a need of educating the people about the importance of wildlife. Some people ignore or cause harm to the wildlife as they are unaware of the importance of wildlife. So, awareness can be spread among people to conserve wildlife in India.

Removing superstition from society: – Superstition has always been a threat to wildlife. Different body parts of wild animals, and parts of trees are used for remedies for some diseases. Those remedies don’t have any scientific base.

Again some people believe that wearing or using some animal bones, fur, etc. may cure their prolonged illness. Those are nothing but the only superstition. Animals are killed to fulfill those blind beliefs. So, for the conservation of wildlife in India, these superstitions need to be removed from society.

Wildlife conservation laws: – In our country, we have wildlife conservation laws. The wildlife protection act 1972 is an act that tries to protect the wildlife in India. On 9th September 1972, the parliament of India enacted this act and after that, the destruction of wildlife has reduced to an extent.

Conclusion to wildlife conservation essay: – Wildlife is an important part of mother earth. It is almost impossible to imagine the earth without the wildlife. So the beautiful wildlife needs to be protected from being destroyed. Wildlife conservation laws can’t do anything if we don’t feel the importance of wildlife by ourselves.

Wildlife Conservation Essay for students of Higher class

“Wherever there are wild animals in the world, there is always an opportunity for caring, compassion, and kindness.” – Paul Oxton

Definition of Wildlife-

Wildlife traditionally refers to wild animal species that are not domesticated. It plays an important role in maintaining a healthy ecological balance on the earth. It also provides stability to different processes of nature.

What is wildlife conservation – Wildlife Conservation is a well-planned way to protect wild animal species and their habitats and plants. Every species in this world needs food, water, shelter, and most importantly opportunities to reproduce.

Habitat destruction by human activity is the primary threat to the species. Forests are the habitat for wildlife and for the smooth functioning of biological cycles of the earth; we must conserve forests along with Animal Species.

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How to Protect Wildlife –

Today, protecting wildlife has become as one of the most important tasks for mankind, because, animals and plants are the major part of a wider natural environment that provides food, shelter, and water for other wildlife and people. Let’s discuss some of the ways to protect wildlife.

We should try to reuse and recycle our natural resources as much as we can to protect wildlife habitat

We should avoid sports hunting. Rather we should use our cameras to take shots.

Adopting a plant-based diet helps us to reduce animal slaughtering and it is a great way to protect wildlife.

We should learn how to live peacefully with wild animals.

We can also create a personal conservation plan by adopting an animal through an organization’s program.

We must participate in local cleanup efforts whenever we get a chance.

Importance of Wildlife conservation –

Wildlife conservation is important for maintaining a healthy ecological balance among all living creatures. Every living creature on this earth has a unique place in the food chain and thus, they contribute to the ecosystem in their own special way.

But sadly, for land development and firming many natural habitats of plants and animals are being destroyed by humans. Some other factors that contribute to wildlife extinction are like the hunting of animals for fur, jewelry, meat, leathers, etc.

If we don’t take any steps to save wildlife, all wild animals will be on the list of extinct species one day. It is our responsibility to save the wildlife and our planet. Below are some of the reasons for wildlife conservation for students of class X and higher that will help you to understand the importance of wildlife conservation.

Wildlife conservation is important for a healthy ecosystem. If a single wildlife species gets vanished from the ecosystem, it may disturb the whole food chain.

Wildlife conservation is also important for medical value as a huge number of plants and animal species are used to derive some essential drugs. Moreover, Ayurveda, the ancient medicinal system of India is also using extracts from various plants and herbs.

Wildlife conservation is important for agriculture and farming. Wildlife plays a very significant role in the growth of agricultural crops and a large amount of the population in this world is dependent on these crops.

For maintaining a clean and healthy environment, wildlife conservation is essential. For example, birds like Eagle and vultures contribute to nature by removing dead bodies of animals and keeping the environment clean

Types of Wildlife conservation –

Wildlife conservation can be categorized into two interesting phrases namely “in situ conservation” and “ex-situ conservation”

In situ conservation – This type of conservation protects the imperil animal or plant on-site in its natural habitat. Programs like National Parks, and Biological Reserves come under In Situ Conservation.

Ex-situ conservation – Ex-situ conservation of wildlife literally means off-site conservation of wild animals and plants by removing and relocating some part of a population to protected habitat.

Wildlife conservation in India

India has a wide variety of wild animals like Indochinese tigers, Asiatic Lions, Indochinese Leopards, various species of deer, the great Indian Rhinoceros, and many more.

But due to some factors like excessive poaching, illegal trading, loss of habitat, pollution, etc, several animals and birds are standing on the border of destruction.

Though the Government of India is taking steps to protect Wildlife, the integral heritage of India, every citizen of India must think it to be his duty to protect wildlife. Some of the steps taken by the Government of India toward Wildlife conservation in India are –

Creating wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks.

Launching of Project Tiger

The hunting and trading of animals need to be controlled by the government by imposing strict laws in order to succeed in Wildlife Conservation. India is becoming a good example to the world for its taken for wildlife conservation. The wildlife protection act, of 1972 is working like a milestone in the conservation of wildlife.

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Essay on Wildlife Conservation

In this essay we will discuss about:- 1. Necessity for Wildlife Conservation 2. Reasons for Depletion of Wildlife 3. Measures 4. Conservation Strategies 5. Protected Areas in India.

• Essay on the Protected Areas in India

Essay # 1. Necessity for Wildlife Conservation :

The conservation of wildlife is required for the following benefits:

a. The wildlife helps us in maintaining the ‘balance of nature’. Once this equilibrium is disturbed it leads to many problems. The destruction of carnivores or insectivores often leads to the increase of herbivores which in turn affects the forest vegetation or crops.

b. The wildlife can be used commercially to earn money. It can increase our earning of foreign exchange, if linked with tourism.

c. The preservation of wildlife helps many naturalists and behaviour biologists to study morphology, anatomy, physiology, ecology, behaviour biology of the wild animals under their natural surroundings.

d. The wildlife provides best means of sports and recreation.

e. The wildlife of India is our cultural asset and has deep-rooted effect on Indian art. sculpture, literature and religion.

Essay # 2. Reasons for Depletion of Wildlife :

Many wild animals have become extinct due to various human and natural activities:

a. Absence of cover or shelter to wild animals.

b. Due to deforestation for cultivation or for urbanisation, reductions in area for free movement of wild animals which retard reproductive capacity of certain wild animals like deer, bison, rhino, tiger, etc.

c. Destruction of wild plants of forests for timber, charcoal and fire wood often deprives wild animals their most palatable food and affects their survival.

d. Noise pollution by different transporting media (trucks, buses, rails, aeroplanes, etc.) and polluting river water have adversely affected wild animals.

e. Various natural calamities such as floods, droughts, fires, epidemics, etc., have also caused great destruction of wild animals.

f. Hunting methods of all kinds and for any purpose {i.e., for food, recreation, hide, fur, plumage, musk, tusk, horn, etc.) have caused destruction of wildlife.

Essay # 3. Measures for Wildlife Conservation in India :

In India, following measures have been undertaken for wildlife conservation:

(i) Protection of Natural Habitats:

Jungles and forests are the natural habitats of many wild animals. Hence, these natural habitats should not be destroyed and for this law should be framed to protect such areas from any damage and hunting should be prohibited. However, realizing the importance of natural resources, several national and international organisations have been established to look after such problems.

An international organisation IUCN was established in Switzerland in 1948. This organisation has framed many projects to overcome such problems for which this organisation arranges a meeting once a year in any country.

Its 10th general meeting was held in New Delhi in 1969. For the normal and effective functioning of this organisation, an additional organisation referred to as WWF (World Wildlife Fund) has been established.

The WWF is related to the collection of funds from its member countries, of course, India is also a member, which are 24 in number. This fund is utilized to run several projects dealing with the conservation of natural resources. The Tiger Project in India has been financed by WWF and working efficiently since 1972.

(ii) Protection by Law:

India was probably the first country to enact a Wildlife Protection Act. The Wild birds and Animals Protection Act was passed in 1887 and repealed in 1912. For game protection in the states the Forest Act XVI was enacted in 1927. Then Indian Board of Wildlife was established in 1952 which is followed by setting up of Wildlife Boards in different states.

In 1972, new Wildlife Protection Act was passed. Under this Act, possession, trapping, shooting of wild animals alive or dead; serving their meat for eating, their transport and export and all controlled and watched by special staff (Chief Wildlife Warden and authorized officers).

This Act prohibits hunting of females and young ones under this Act, threatened species are absolutely protected and the rest and provided graded protection according to the condition of their population size. However, in India every year we observe a Wildlife Week from 1st October to 8th October.

(iii) Establishment of Sanctuaries and National Parks:

In India, nearly 200 sanctuaries and national parks have been established for wildlife management. These are meant for providing natural habitat to wild animals.

A sanctuary is a place or area with natural environment having optimum living conditions and protection for wild animals; in fact, in a sanctuary wild indigenous animals are kept for protection. Shooting and hunting is prohibited in a sanctuary.

A sanctuary is established by State Forest Department by Notification and it can be abolished by similar procedures. Contrary to a sanctuary, a national park is a permanent place or area established by Central Legislation for preserving flora, fauna, landscapes and historic objects of a particular area. However, shooting and hunting is prohibited in such areas also.

Essay # 4. Conservation Strategies :

For the judicious use of resources, the scientists from nearly 100 countries of the world have formulated some conservation strategies.

Few of the steps proposed to save the existing species of the wildlife are given below:

a. Every effort should be made to preserve the endangered species; these species should be given priority over a vulnerable one, a vulnerable species over a rare one and a rare species over other categories.

b. Proper management and planning should be made to preserve wildlife in their natural habitat (in situ) and in zoos and national parks (ex-situ).

c. A wide range of varieties of livestock, animals for aquaculture and their wild varieties should be preserved, and priority should be given to those that are most threatened and needed for national and international breeding programme.

d. Each country should locate the habitats of wild relatives of the economically valuable and useful animals and ensure their preservation in protected areas.

e. The feeding, breeding, nursery and resting areas of species should be safeguarded.

f. In case of migratory animals, a network of protected areas should be established to preserve their habitats. For those species which migrate from one national jurisdiction to another, bilateral or multilateral agreements should be made to meet out the required network.

g. Unique ecosystems should be protected as a matter of priority.

h. The national protection programmes should be coordinated with the international programmes like UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere Project 8 and national parks and protected areas of International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. This would safeguard the genetic diversity and their continuing evolution.

i. The productive capacities of species should be determined, so that, their utilisation should not exceed those capacities.

j. Proper legislative and administrative measures should be taken to regulate the International trade of wild animals.

Essay # 5. Protected Areas in India :

As referred to, Indian subcontinent is very rich in possessing natural beauty.

Its bio-geographical range consists of the coldest Ladakh and Spiti, the hot deserts of Thar, the temperate forest in Himalayas to the lush green tropical rain forests of the low lands; Indian subcontinent also possesses large fresh water bodies such as Wular and the Manasbal lakes in Kashmir, the Chilka in Orissa and Kolleru lake in Andhra Pradesh and the ruggest and rich coastline and coral reefs of the Deccan.

Government of India passed the Wildlife Protection Act in 1972, under which national parks and sanctuaries could be created.

However, out of 434 national parks and sanctuaries in India, 17 have been selected as “Project Tiger” areas.

During the past twenty years UNESCO has evolved Biosphere Reserves under its Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme. Accordingly, India has located 13 areas as Biosphere Reserves; from these Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, including parts of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu was declared in 1986 and the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve in 1988.

Probably two more Biosphere Reserves, one at Uttaranchal (including the Valley of Flowers in North-Western Himalayas) and another at Nokrek (North-Eastern Himalaya), has also been included in the list of Biosphere Reserve.

In a Biosphere Reserve, the land is designated into different zones; these are the core zone (where no human activity is allowed), the buffer zone (where limited human activity is allowed) and the manipulation zone (where a large number of human activities may go on). In Biosphere Reserves, wild population as well as traditional life styles is protected.

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• Conservation Of Forest Essay

Conservation of Forest Essay

500+ words conservation of forest essay.

Forest conservation is the practice of planting and maintaining forested areas for the future. Forests play a vital role in maintaining the ecological balance and bringing the monsoon. They are essential for the survival of life on Earth as they provide oxygen, which is essential for all living organisms to survive. Apart from these, they provide a wide range of resources we use in our everyday lives. But, human activities are destroying forests to fulfil their greed. Thus, there is a need for forest conservation. Efforts should be made to stop this destruction from causing serious environmental problems. With the help of the conservation of forest essay, students will know various methods of forest conservation to reduce environmental damage. Students must practise CBSE Essays on different topics to gain command over the writing section. This will also help them to score high marks on English papers.

A forest is a complex ecosystem mainly composed of trees, shrubs and herbs. They are home to different plants, birds, insects, mammals, reptiles etc. A large variety of life forms exists in the forests. Even microorganisms and fungi are found in forests, which are important for decomposing dead organic matter and thus enriching the soil. Nearly 30 per cent of the total land area is covered with forest, which accounts for 4 billion hectares of forest on the earth’s surface.

Importance of Conserving the Forests

Forests provide various natural services and products. Many forest products are used in our day-to-today lives. Forests store carbon and act as carbon sinks. They produce oxygen, which is important for the existence of life on earth. That’s why forests are also called the earth’s lungs. They help in regulating the hydrological cycle, purify water, absorb toxic gases and noise, provide wildlife habitat, maintain planetary climate, reduce global warming, conserve soil, reduce pollution, and mitigate natural hazards such as landslides, floods and so on. Thus, forests play an important role in maintaining ecological balance and also contribute to the economy.

Forest Conservation Initiatives

The loss of our forest can be stopped by putting efforts from the citizens, forest conservation organisations, and governments. Various laws, like the Forest Conservation Act, have been prepared and are being implemented by the government of India. The Forest Conservation Act of 1980 was enacted to control deforestation. In 1988, this act was amended to facilitate stricter conservation measures. The government also implements many schemes for the conservation of forests and their sustainable management. The Joint Forest Management (JFM) programme is a good example of involving local communities in managing and restoring degraded forests.

People’s participation in the conservation of the forest is of vital importance. The perfect example of people’s contribution towards forest conservation is the Chipko movement in the Himalayas. The movement was successful due to the efforts of the local residents to save the forest of Tehri Garhwal. The women cling or hug the trees tightly and dare men to cut them. Thus, the movement gained a lot of popularity and became famous around the world. The cutting down of trees in forest areas must be stopped at all costs. At all functions, festivals and celebrations, we must build a habit of planting trees.

Students must have found the Conservation of Forest Essay useful for improving their essay writing skills. Visit BYJU’S website to get the latest updates and study material on CBSE/ICSE/State Board/Competitive Exams.

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Essay on Wildlife in India | Zoology

Here is a compilation of essays on ‘Wildlife in India’ for class 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘Wildlife in India’ especially written for school and college students.

Essay on Wildlife in India

Essay Contents:

• Essay on the Wildlife Act

1. Essay on the Introduction to Wildlife:

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Wildlife comprises all living organisms (plants, animals, microorganisms) in their natural habitats which are neither cultivated/domesticated nor tamed. But in its strictest sense, it includes uncultivated mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fishes, etc., which are generally hunted.

Wildlife includes “Animals like mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fishes and their young’s and also eggs of birds and reptiles” (Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972). It also includes habitat like land, water or vegetation which is the natural home of any wild animal.

India has a rich heritage of wildlife. In India wildlife has a long history and tradition of conservation. The conservation ethic was observed in Ashrams of our sages which were the seats of learning in the country’s ancient past.

The Vedas include hymns in praise of animals and the Indian Mythology is full of references to several animal-like Gods such as the monkey-headed Hanuman, elephant-headed Ganesh, boar-headed Varahavatar, lion-headed Narasinghavatar, turtle-like Koormavtar, fish-like Matsyavatar, snake-like Shesh Nag, etc. We also learn about snake worship (Nag pooja), eagle worship (Garud pooja), cow-worship (Gau pooja), and vehicle of Lord Shiva (Bull Nandi), vehicle of Saraswati (Swan), vehicle of Lord Ganesh (rat), etc.

King Pandu in Mahabharata was cursed by the hind deer for shooting her stag in mating. Rama was helped by Hanuman against Ravana, the flying deer hunted by Kalidas to the safety of rishi’s ashram, eight celestial points of compass being supposed to be guarded by Indira’s elephant, lion is one of the many incarnations of God Vishnu, the mongoose noticed in the Mahabharata as a teacher of wisdom of King Yudhishthira, the deer is always associated with God Brahma and the constant companion of Lord Mahadeva, the wild boar is referred to as the “Boar of Heaven”. About thirty different mammals are mentioned by name in the Samhitas (four principal Vedas).

The first recorded game laws were promulgated by Kautilya in his Arthashastra in the third century B.C. He proclaimed severe punishment for killing, entrapping animals in protected areas (sanctuaries). The Great Ashoka enacted laws for the protection of animals in his kingdom in third century B.C. Even in Christianity, Francis of Assisi loved and spoke to protect wild animals.

The condition of our wildlife deteriorated in the Moghul rule and later in British rule when slaughter of animals became the fashion of the day. Babar and Temur killed thousands of rhinoceroses in Kashmir and Northern India. Colonel Pollock, military engineer of British East India Company in Assam, shot a rhinoceros or buffalo almost daily for breakfast. Former Kings and Nawabs of various states of India were also very fond of hunting tigers.

Some wild animals are so characteristic that they become symbols of their home countries. Thus, tiger is associated with India, white bear with Russia, Giant Panda with China, Kangaroo with Australia, Kiwi with New Zealand and Springbok with South Africa.

ADVERTISEMENTS: (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); 2. Essay on the Importance of Wildlife :

Wildlife is important for the human beings, animals and plants. These are so closely interlinked that disturbance in one produces imbalance in the others.

1. Ecological Balance:

Wildlife maintains balance of nature through regulation of population of different species by self-regulation and feedback, passage of food and energy through series of different populations (food chain/food web), circulation of inorganic nutrients between abiotic and biotic environments, and prevention of leaching and runoff by plants. Terrestrial and aquatic animals play their role in the maintenance of balance of nature. Thus, it preserves the environment as a self-sustaining system. It balances populations and maintains food-chain and natural cycles.

2. Gene Bank:

Wildlife serves as a gene bank for breeding improved varieties in agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery. Plant breeders have been able to produce high-yielding and disease- and stress-resistant varieties from wild relatives of crop plants which possess useful genes for the purpose of breeding. Scientists have been constantly examining the wild relatives of crop plants for the presence of useful genes that can be introduced to breeding programmes. Hence, gene bank maintenance is essential. Some old rice varieties from Kerala saved rice cultivation when brown plant hopper (Nila-parvata lugens) attacked all modern rice varieties.

The production of high-yielding, disease-resistant crops, livestock and fish cannot continue without the wild relatives of the cultivated varieties. This is because of pests and pathogens evolve new strains; climate change; soils vary; and consumers’ demands change with time. Man is aware that the rich diversity of organisms today is the product of natural evolution occurring through 3.5 billion years. A species once lost cannot be retrieved. Therefore, it would be unethical to be responsible for the destruction of a species.

3. Plant Propagation:

Insects and birds, etc., are useful in pollinating certain plants which is very essential in plant propagation. Cross pollination increases the diversity of genetic recombination and viability of the plant vegetation.

4. Cleaning of Environment:

Cleaning of environment and keeping it in hygienic state is carried by scavengers like vultures, eagles, jackals, hyaenas, etc. Microorganisms feed upon dead animals, convert them into different nutrients and, thus, release energy back to the soil making it fertile.

5. Soil Erosion:

Soil erosion is prevented by plant cover, litter, mixing of litter by movement of wild animals. Microorganisms convert litter into spongy humus.

6. Scientific Importance:

Scientific studies of many of wildlife species are of direct value to humans. These studies and researches in anatomy, physiology, ecology, evolutionary aspects, etc., are of direct value in saving human life. Sea urchins have helped greatly in the understanding of human embryology. A desert toad has helped in early determination of pregnancy. Rhesus monkeys have contributed a lot to the present knowledge of human blood groups.

Antlers of deer are useful in determining the degree of radioactive contamination of natural environment. Armadillos contributed to the development of vaccine for leprosy. We do not know when some obscure wild animal species may be put to prominence by providing a clue to human health and survival. When any drug of any disease is invented, research of its effects and side effects are carried on wild animals before applying on human body.

Rh factor in human blood was found due to Rhesus monkey. Chimpanzee helped us in conducting serological protein tests. Studies on animal behaviour helped the psychiatrist to read the human mind. Some wild flora and fauna have medicinal values. Muskpod of musk deer and rhinoceros’ horn are of great medicinal value. Fat of tiger or hornbill is used for curing rheumatism. Snake venom is used for preparing antivenom for snake bite.

7. Economic Importance:

Wildlife forms an important natural resource. Various useful products are obtained from plants such as timber, firewood, paper, gum, resins, tannins, several drugs, essential oils, spices, lac, silk, honey, hair, feathers, guano (the faecal matter of sea-fishes used as manure or the manure made from fish), leather, musk, ivory, etc., are obtained from wildlife. Besides these, benefits such as tendu leaf, cork, rudraksha, etc., are also obtained from wildlife.

Tribals living in forests also get food (tubers, roots, leaves and fruits of plants and meat from animals), medicines and other commercial products. The commercial value of wildlife is best seen in the world’s marine fisheries with an annual output of about 100 million tons of sea food worth billions of rupees. Freshwater fish and other aquatic creatures also provide large amount of food for people. Fish are as big as any other modern industry in respect of employment and income.

An entire industry for fur trade is supported by fur-bearing animals. Trade in live and dead animals, though illegal and banned throughout the world, supports thousands of people and also earns foreign exchange. For example, an Indian rhinoceros may fetch equivalent of Rs.1, 25,000 in the world market. Similarly, the ivory of elephants, the horns of rhinoceros, the glands of musk deer, the antlers of deer, etc., all provide high prices. Wildlife of a country may even attract people from abroad and earn foreign exchange. Wildlife tourism can be made a big source of income.

Thus, it is important to develop more biological reserves, parks, safaris and zoos for tourism from economical point of view. The tourist industry of Kenya (East Africa), based on its wildlife, ranks third after coffee and sisal.

8. Potential Importance:

Just as all present-day cultivated/domesticated plants and animals are derived from wildlife; new foods, beverages such as tea, coffee, cocoa, etc., drugs and other useful products may be obtained from wildlife.

9. Game Importance:

Wildlife has its importance in game also. In several European and American countries, millions of people hunt or fish for recreation, spending billions of dollars on these sports.

10. Aesthetic Importance:

There is a great aestheic value of wildlife throughout the world because of sheer beauty, tranquillity and appeal to the humans. A world without colourful and melodious birds, graceful beasts and deep forests would be a poorer place for humans to live. Without wild animals, a countryside would be static and monotonous. People feel pleasure, satisfaction and happiness in the presence of wildlife. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru said, “Life would become very dull and colourless if we did not have these magnificent animals and birds to look at and to play with.” Smt. Indira Gandhi also said, “A threat to any species of plant and animal life is a threat to man himself.”

11. Ethical Importance:

Generally civilised people think that they have no right to destroy wildlife (plants and animals), rather they feel an obligation for the conservation of nature and protection of wildlife. In fact, all religions preach respect and reverence for life and consider it wrong and unethical to take the life of an animal.

3. Essay on the Conservation, Preservation, Protection and Categories of Wild Animals:

1. Conservation :

“Conservation means the maintenance of a reasonable number of members of every species from the largest mammals to the smallest invertebrates in their own habitat without destroying that habitat” -Noel Simon.

According to Indian Forest Record (1965), conservation means, planned management and wide use of natural resources, so as to prevent over-exploitation, destruction or neglect, i.e., wildlife conservation.

2. Preservation :

Preservation is the protection of a species without regard to the consequences. Preservation is to save and maintain the wild animals against injury or destruction as well as keeping them safe and undisturbed from private or public use.

3. Protection :

Guarding the wild species against danger or injury is protection. Partial protection of certain species is to enforce closing of hunting, fishing, etc., and restricted shooting. Total protection is achieved by forming sanctuaries or by legally prohibiting the killing or minimising of a particular species in any place.

4. Extinction of a Species :

Extinction of a species is a part of a natural process. Extinction is “biological reality” because no species has as yet existed for more than a few million years without evolving into something different or dying out completely. But with the gradual emergence of human beings being a major evolutionary force, people have been increasingly exploiting the wildlife.

As many as 500 million kinds of plants, animals, and microorganisms have made this planet as their home since life began over 3.5 billion years ago. Today, there are more than 30 million species alive. The rate of decline has been rapid in the last one hundred years. It is estimated that about 25,000 plant species and 1000 vertebrate species and subspecies are threatened with extinction. Several invertebrates are also invariably vulnerable. At least about 10% of the living species are supposed to be in danger.

5. Extinct Species :

Extinct species are those which were found in the past but became disappeared and not found now. They are no longer known to exist in wild, though it may survive in cultivation. According to CITES, a species is said to be extinct, if it is not definitely known in the wild during the past 50 years.

Extinction results ecological hazards, imbalances in ecosystem and food chain/food-web, ultimately affecting present and future generations of human beings. For example, extinction of cheetah, two-horned rhinoceros, mountain quail, Pin-headed duck from India and Dodo bird from Mauritius, etc.

Causes of Extinction:

Causes of extinction are as follows:

(i) Hunting:

Hunting is large-scale destruction of wildlife for food, safety and pleasure. It was started with the use of fire as a means of hunting. Man-made forest fires have caused the extinction of several species in the past. Hunting as a sport and needless killing of wild animals is dangerous. Disappearance of dodo (Didus ineptus) of Mauritius and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) from India are recent calamities. A number of orchids and medicinal plants have also disappeared.

(ii) Destruction of Habitats:

Destruction of habitats of wildlife is also a threat to them. It has been destroyed due to establishment of new human settlements, croplands, grazing grounds, quarry in mining sites, etc. Deforestation caused by jhuming, cutting of trees for timber and overgrazing, conversion of forest into agricultural land, building of roads and rails, construction of dams/reservoirs, etc. Damage to the forest and grasslands are caused by acid rain. Hence, the most serious depletion of wildlife comes from habitat destruction.

6. Endemic Species :

Endemic species is that which is found in a particular natural habitat beyond which it is unknown. The plant and animal species confined to a given region and having originated there are called endemic species. India has a large number of endemic species like Ficus religiosa, Butea monosperma, etc.

4. Essay on the IUCN Red List Categories :

The World Conservation Union (WCU), formerly known as International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), has recognised eight Red List Categories of species.

These are as follows:

1. Extinct (Ex)- A taxon is Extinct where there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.

2. Extinct in the Wild (EW)- A taxon is Extinct in the Wild when exhaustive surveys, in known and/or expected habitats, have failed to record an individual.

3. Critically Endangered (CE)- A taxon is Critically Endangered when it is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in wild in the immediate future.

4. Endangered (E)- A taxon is Endangered when it is not critically Endangered, but is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future.

5. Vulnerable (V)- A taxon is Vulnerable when it is not Critically Endangered or Endangered, but is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-term future.

6. Lower Risk (LR)- A taxon is Lower Risk when it has been evaluated and does not satisfy the criteria for Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable.

7. Data Deficient (DD)- A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction.

8. Not Evaluated (NE)- A taxon is Not Evaluated when it has not yet been assessed against the above criteria.

The IUCN Red List is a catalogue of those taxa which are facing the risk of extinction.

The species which are threatened with extinction are included in Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Endangered categories :

Rare Species (R):

Taxa with small world population that are not at present “Endangered” or “Vulnerable” but are at risk.

In practice, ‘Endangered’ and ‘Vulnerable’ categories may include, temporarily, taxa whose populations are beginning to recover as a result of remedial action, but whose recovery is insufficient to justify that transfer to another category. These taxa are usually localised within restricted geographical areas or habitats or are thinly scattered over a more extensive range.

Indeterminate (I):

Taxa known to be ‘Endangered’, ‘Vulnerable’ or ‘Rare’, but where there is not enough information to say which of the three categories is appropriate.

The IUCN Red List System was initiated in 1963, and since then evaluation of the conservation status of species and subspecies is continuing on a global scale.

The 2000 IUCN Red List contains assessments of more than 18,000 species, of which 11,000 are threatened.

Status of Threatened Species:

According to 2000 IUCN Red List, there are 11,046 species listed as threatened, i.e., Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable. Of these 5,485 are animals and 5,611 are plants. 1,939 species are listed as Critically Endangered, of which 925 are animals and 1,014 are plants.

5. Essay on the Protected Indian Wildlife :

There is a great deal of protected Indian wildlife. Tables 51.1, 51.2 and 51.3 provide a list of some common Indian mammals, birds and reptiles which are threatened or endangered with extinction. They have been declared as protected species so that their hunting (capturing, poisoning, injuring, killing, etc.) is illegal under the provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

Indian Threatened Mammals:

There are nearly 372 species of mammals found in India including various species listed in threatened categories (IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals Table 51.1).

This database provides information on the distribution of mammalian species in various protected areas of India:

Indian Threatened Reptiles:

There are 447 species of reptiles found in India including a number of species listed in threatened categories (Table 51.2). This database provides information on the distribution of reptiles in Indian protected areas. Large number of information related to species distribution on various protected areas has been linked with various protected areas including tiger reserves.

Indian Threatened Birds:

According to IUCN, there are 1,228 species of birds found in India including 65 species listed in various threatened categories (Table 51.3). This database provides information on the distribution of birds in various protected areas of India.

Large number of information related to species distribution on various protected areas have been collected and documented in the form of check lists are given below:

6. Essay on the Sanctuary and National Park :

Sanctuaries and national parks are the final refuge of wildlife and constitute an insurance against the total disappearance of species.

Sanctuary :

“It is an area where killing and capturing of any species of birds or animals is prohibited except under orders of competent authority and whole boundaries and characters should be sacrosanct (free from outrage) as for as possible” .

The IBWL (Indian Board for Wildlife) has further clarified the position by stating that while the management of sanctuaries does not involve suspension or restriction of normal forest operations, it is desirable to set aside a completely sacrosanct area within a sanctuary to be known as ‘Abhayaranya’. It is also indicated that sanctuaries should be made accessible to the public. In these “Ashrams” of wildlife, destruction of the wild animals is prohibited by law. These areas will be from nurseries of wild animals to replenish areas with depleted stock from time to time.

According to Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Section 18, “The State Government may by notification declare any area to be a sanctuary if it considers that such area is of adequate ecological, faunal, floral, geomorphological, natural or zoological significance, for the purpose of protecting, propagating or developing wildlife, or its environment.”

No person is allowed to move freely inside the sanctuary without the permission of the authority. Inside the sanctuaries, carrying of weapons without permission, setting fire or candle any fire or leave any fire burning, use of explosives and chemicals are strictly prohibited. The competent authority can take proper steps from management point of view for the security of wild animals and may regulate, control or prohibit grazing or movement of cattle or fishing in the interest of wild animals.

National Park :

“A national park is a relatively extensive area- (1) in which one or more ecosystems have not been physically altered by human exploitation and occupation, where plant and animal species, geomorphological sites and habitats are of special scientific, educational and recreational interest, or where the natural scenery is of great beauty; (2) or eliminate exploitation or occupation of entire area in the briefest possible time and to effectively complete respect for the ecologic, geomorphologic or aesthetic features which lead to its establishment; (3) where visitors are allowed and special condition for inspirational, educational, cultural and recreational purposes” (IUCN).

“An area dedicated by statute for all time to conserve scenery, natural and historical objects of national significance and wildlife, and where provision is made for the enjoyment of the same by the public” (IBWL).

According to Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Section 35, “Whenever it appears to the State Government that an area, whether within a sanctuary or not, is by the reason or its ecological, faunal, floral, geomorphological or zoological association or importance, needed to be constituted as national park for the purpose of propagating or developing wildlife therein or its environment it may, by notification, declare its intention to constitute such area as National Park.”

From the definition, the difference between sanctuary and national park shows that sanctuary should be natural or of zoological significance, whereas a national park should be of zoological association or importance.

Indian Sanctuaries :

There are 493 existing wildlife sanctuaries in India, covering an area of 117,291.03 sq. km., which is 3.57% of the geographical area of the country. Another 217 sanctuaries are proposed in the Protected Area Network Report covering an area of 16,669.44 sq. km. Maximum number of sanctuaries exist in size class less than 10 sq. km., and there are only 2 sanctuaries, having more than 5,000 sq. km. The network of sanctuaries will go up 709 after full implementation of the above report (Table 51.8 and Figure 51.4).

National Parks :

There are 89 existing National Parks in India covering an area of 37,526.90 sq. km., which is about 1.14% of the geographical area of the country (National Wildlife Database, 2003). In addition to the above, 74 National Parks covering an area of 16,630.08 sq. km., are proposed in the Protected Area Network Report. The network of parks will go up to 164 after full implementation of the above report. Maximum number of parks exist in size about 100-500 sq. km., and there are 7 parks having more than 5,000 sq. km. (Table 51.9 and Figure 51.5).

7. Essay on Some National Parks of India:

1. Corbett National Park (Project Tiger) :

Total area: 520.80 sq. km.

Year of establishment: 1936

Location: Himalayan foothills in Nainital and Garhwal districts, Uttaranchal.

Climate: Annual temperature varies between 4°C and 46°C.

This is the first National Park of this subcontinent whose first name was Hailey National Park in the name of the then U.P. Governor, Mr. Malcom Hailey. After independence, it was named as Ram Ganga National Park in the name of Ram Ganga River. Further, to honour Jim Corbett (famous hunter and naturalist) its name was changed as Corbett National Park in 1956. In 1973, National Park was declared as Tiger Reserve to give special protection to the tigers of this part.

Fauna: Mammals: Herbivores:

Elephant, Sambhar, Nilgai, Goral, Cheetal, Para, Barking deer, Wild boar, etc.

Carnivores:

Tiger, Panther, Wild dog, Jackal, Red fox, Black bear, Sloth bear, Common otter, Indian civet, Palm civet, Mongoose, Long-eared hedgehog, Shrew, etc. Bats, Hare, Northern Palm Squirrel and Porcupine are also common.

Peacock, Jungle fowl, Partridges, Water birds like Ducks, Falcons, Coots, Dab chicks, Naktas, Kingfishers, besides some carnivorous birds like Hawks, Vultures, etc. Many migratory birds also visit the Ram Ganga River during winter.

Crocodile (Mugger) and Gharial, Common monitor lizard, some lesser lizards and soft shelled tortoises. Python, Cobra, Viper, Water-snake, Boa, Cat-snake and Wolf-snake, etc.

Tiger is our national animal and found in diverse habitats and in different parts of the country. Tiger is a top carnivore of the complex food chain in our forest ecosystems. From several years, over-exploitation of the forest areas, merciless hunting, unscientific management, etc., reduced the habitat of tiger that leads to a rapid decline in its population.

Thus, tiger conservation in India is very necessary to save this endangered species. IBWL set up a task force for studying the tiger population and its status. On recommendations of this task force, Project Tiger was initiated in 1973 with eleven Tiger Reserves located in ten different states.

2. Betla National Park (Tiger Reserve) :

Total area: 1026 sq. km.

Climate: Summer maximum temperature 48°C and winter temperature 3°C.

It is located in the western part of Chotanagpur plateau in Jharkhand state. Tiger reserve was declared on 4th June 1974 and in 1986 it was declared as National Park. Tiger reserve comprises most of the forests of Daltonganj South Forest Division. These forests were very rich in wildlife such as Tigers, Leopards, Bear, Wolf, Jungle cat, Wild dog, Mongoose, Small civet, Palm civet, Jackal and Hyaena. In 1934, tiger population was 32 (one tiger per 9.3 sq. km.) and when it was declared as Tiger Reserve its population density was one tiger per 33 sq. km. Main river in this area is Koel which has its three tributaries, Auranga, Burha and Pandra.

Main rocks of this reserve are laterite, quartzite, gneiss, gondwana and amphibolites, etc.

3. Kanha National Park (Project Tiger) :

Total area: 940 sq. km.

It is located in Sylvan Maikal Hills in Mandla and Balaghat districts on the Satpura ranges in Madhya Pradesh. Its name Kanha was given from the old Kanha village. Forest is rich in sal trees, bamboos, etc. Important wild animals are Tiger, Panther, Cheetal, Sambhar, Nilgai, Gaur (Indian bison), Langur (Presbytis entellus), Barasingha (Swamp deer) Cervus duvauceli branderi, Barking deer, Blackbuck, Wild pig, Wild dog, Jackal, etc. Swamp deer named “Branderi” was saved from extinction.

4. Sunderbans National Park (Tiger Reserve) :

Total area : 2585 sq. km.

It is located in West Bengal. The mangrove forests occurring at the mouth of Ganga and Brahmaputra river system (river divides itself into hundreds of streams which join Bay of Bengal) is known as Sunderbans. Mangrove vegetation or “Mangals” have high degree tolerance for saline environment. They possess breathing-root, (pneumatophores), stilt-roots for support, salt excretory glands, vivipary, etc.

The mangrove fauna is supreme. Tiger, birds (Storks, Herons, Domestic ducks, etc.), reptiles (Olive Ridley Turtle and Estuarine Crocodile-both are endangered species), Fishes (Mud-skippers and Semi-terrestrial gobies both are independent of water) and crustaceans (Land crabs and Fibber crabs are most famous). Spotted deer, Pigs, Monitor lizards and Monkeys also inhabit the forest.

5. Gir National Park (Gir Lion Project) :

Total area : 258.71 sq. km.

It is situated in Saurashtra peninsula of Junagarh district of Gujarat. It was declared as sanctuary in 1965 and the project was started in 1972. The fauna of this park is Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica), Panther, Striped hyaena, Sambhar, Nilgai, Cheetal, Four-horned antelope, Chinkara, Wild boar and Crocodiles. Its habitat mainly includes dry teak forests and open scrub jungle.

Lion stands as top carnivore in the food chain of the ecosystem. It is found only in Gir Forest in the whole Asian Continent and, hence, called Asiatic lion. Even in this forest, due to merciless hunting, conversion of forest into agricultural land, uncontrolled cattle grazing and spreading infectious diseases, etc., reduced its habitat and subsequently declined population to the endangered state.

6. Bandipur National Park (Tiger Reserve) :

Total area : 874.20 sq. km.

It is located in Mysore district (80 km from Mysore city) of Karnataka. Project Tiger Plan Scheme was initiated in 1973-74 in Bandipur National Park. Rivers of this area are Kabim, Nagu and Moyar. The reserve includes southern tropical moist deciduous and dry deciduous forests. Here teak trees are abundant and other trees are rosewood, sandalwood, laurel, yellow teak, kydia and bamboos.

The fauna of this reserve is Cheetal, Muntjac, Sambhar, Chausingha, Gaur, Wild boar, Elephant, Moue deer, Black-naped, Hare, Sloth bear, Langur, Bonnet macaque, Giant squirrel, Flying squirrel, Tiger, Leopard, Wild dog, Jungle cat, Small Indian civet, Toddy cat, Striped-neck and common mongoose, Crocodiles, Snakes and Monitor lizards. Avian fauna is Pied hornbill, Green pigeon, Woodpeckers, Drongoes, Bee-eaters, Kingfishers, Peafowl, Jungle fowl, Partridge and Quails.

7. Bannerghatta National Park :

Total area : 104.27 sq. km.

It is situated in Karnataka, just 22 km from Bangalore. It was created in 1974 to protect local fauna and flora. Area is covered by dry thorny scrub and dry deciduous scrub jungle. Lions and Tigers are found roaming free in an enclosed area of 15 ha. Visitors can move inside the Safari in a closed minibus of the park. Safari also have Gaur, Cheetal, Sambhar, Barking deer, poisonous and non-poisonous snakes, rare varieties of tortoises and lizards.

8. Kaziranga National Park :

Total area : 849.79 sq. km.

It is located in Sibsagar district of Assam. It is about 217 km from Guwahati. Its fauna is Great Indian One-horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), Wild buffalo, Tiger, Leopard, Elephant, Gaur, Gat, Mongoose, Otter, Civet cat, Wild boar, Swamp deer, Hog deer, Sambhar, Langur, Python, Pelican, Partridge, Floricans, Hoolock and a number of migratory birds during winter. Painted storks, Adjutant stork, Sarus, Cranes, Darter, Brahminy duck and Bar-headed goose are also kept here in the small island surrounded by water and some shore land.

9. Keibul Lamjao National Park :

Total area : 40 sq. km.

It is situated at the south-eastern corner of Loghtak Lake in Manipur State. It was named earlier as Sanctuary in 1968 but in 1977 it was declared as a National Park. Its fauna is Brow- antlered deer or Thamin (Cervus eldi eldi) locally called “Sangai” (also called Dancing Deer), Hog deer, Wild goat, Water birds, etc.

10. Dachigam National Park (Project Hangul) :

Total area : 141.00 sq. km.

It is situated in Jammu and Kashmir State. Hangul Project was taken up by IUCN/WWF in 1970. It was declared as National Park in 1981. Its main animal is Hangul (Kashmir Stag) (Cervus eiaphus hunglu), which is a large deer roaming singly or in herds of 2 to 18. It is also found in north of Chamba (Himachal Pradesh). Habitat of Dachigam includes scrubs and savannah forests. Along Hangul are also found Black bear, Brown bear, Leopard and Snow leopard, Musk deer, Serow and Pheasants, etc.

Famous National Parks of World :

The first national park in the world, the Yellowstone National Park, was founded in 1872 in U.S.A. Since then, about 2,000 parks have been established all over the world. These offer protection to thousands of endangered species in their natural habitats. Some parks have been created for specific and very rare endangered species to be saved from extinction.

Table 51.10 provides a list of some of such famous parks of the world:

8. Essay on the Biosphere Reserves :

The concept of Biosphere Reserves was evolved under UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme in 1971 with the following objectives:

1. To conserve, for present and future human use, the diversity and integrity of biotic communities of plants and animals within natural ecosystems, and to safeguard the genetic diversity of species on which their continuing evolution depends.

2. To provide areas for ecological and environmental research including, particularly baseline studies both within and adjacent to these reserves, such research to be consistent with objective (1) above.

3. To provide facilities for education and training.

4. To promote international cooperation.

The concept of Biosphere Reserves is of immense value to conserve the gene-pool resources of flora and fauna in the country and to serve as bench-marks for future studies. This requires a detailed survey and classification of natural ecosystems for proper identification of their biological diversity and pristine (ancient) attributes (consider as belonging).

The areas identified should be large enough to be viable. In view of the virtual disappearance of many genuinely natural ecosystems in the country, those that remain in such natural or near natural condition need to be identified with utmost urgency. The recent Silent Valley controversy highlights the urgency of the problem.

In a biosphere reserve, multiple land use is permitted by designating various zones. There is the Core Zone (where no human activity is permitted), the Buffer Zone (where limited human activity is allowed) and the Manipulation Zone (where a large number of human activities would go on). In a biosphere reserve, wild population as well as traditional lifestyles of tribals and varied domesticated plant and animal genetic resources is protected.

Biosphere Reserves are multipurpose protected areas which are meant for preserving genetic diversities in representative ecosystems by protecting wild populations, traditional lifestyle of tribals and domesticated plant/animal genetic resources. There are some 243 biosphere reserves in 65 countries of the world. In India 14 potential sites were identified in 1979 by Core Advisory Group but only 13 biosphere reserves have been set up by now.

Each biosphere reserve has a:

(a) Core Zone: No human activity is allowed.

(b) Buffer Zone: Limited human activity is permitted.

(c) Manipulation Zone: Human activity is allowed but ecology is not permitted to be disturbed.

(d) Restoration Zone: Degraded areas for restoration to near natural form.

India has identified 14 areas to be declared as Biosphere Reserves. Of these the first biosphere reserve, Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve having an area of 5520 sq. km., was established in 1986. The second biosphere reserve was established in 1988, Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve. In this very year (1988) third biosphere reserve, Nokrek Biosphere Reserves was set up.

Till 2001 following biosphere reserves were established as shown in Table 51.12 and Figure 51.6:

9. Essay on the Zoological Gardens and Museums :

Several zoological gardens and museums were also established to conserve the species in their wild state, to provide scientific, educational and recreational opportunities and to earn revenue.

The zoological gardens are somewhat different from sanctuaries and wildlife national parks as the animals are kept in cages in zoological gardens for show. The animals, thus, do not get natural habitat in zoological gardens.

Some important zoological gardens and museums of India are shown in Table 51.13 and Figure 51.7.

1. Natural History Museum, Mumbai, has excellent collection of animals, particularly fishes and birds.

2. Tarapore Varsova Aquarium, Mumbai, attached to sea and has beautiful collection of marine fishes and crustaceans.

3. Indian Museum, Kolkata, is the biggest museum in India.

4. Zoological Garden, Kolkata, is famous for talking parrots. It has good species collection.

5. Zoological Garden, Delhi, Lucknow, Kanpur, have some rare species of animals.

6. Geological Museum, ISI, Kolkata, are famous for complete skeleton of Indian Dinosaurs.

7. Zoological Garden, Hyderabad, has a rich collection of lions, tigers, monkeys and crocodiles.

10. Essay on the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) :

A separate Directorate of Wildlife Environmental Education and Research was established at the Forest Research Institute and Colleges, Dehradun, in the Fifth Plan. A post-graduate diploma course in Wildlife Management, of one academic year’s duration, for people with forestry qualifications has been started by the Directorate since 1977.

The Directorate has also sponsored fellowship grants for conducting research on wildlife topics in the universities. Research in field oriented management techniques is also being conducted at the Directorate. Proposals for strengthening the research base and organising short-term orientation course for decision makers, administrators and professional groups are being considered for the Sixth Plan.

To train people and expand the activities in wildlife, Government of India has established a Wildlife Institute of India (WII) at Dehradun. This institute is engaged in management and extension of wildlife. It runs several courses at post-graduate level along with diploma and other short-term courses in specialised fields. As a result of training by this institute a number of trained persons are now engaged in conservation and extension of wildlife in India.

11. Essay on the Wildlife Act :

Wild animals are the integral part of the ecosystem performing a vital role in maintaining food chain and food web. Thus, their existence and survival on the earth planet is so important and essential for the natural balance and also for the existence of human life.

India is an under developing country facing many problems like tremendous growth in human population, poverty, unemployment, illiteracy and unawareness towards wildlife and nature. As a result, there is lot of pressure on forest and wild animals. Encroachment of forest land converting it into agricultural field, illicit felling of trees, illegal hunting and poaching, smuggling and merciless killings of wild animals have resulted in dwindling population of wild animals and shrinkage of their habitats.

Several species have been brought to the endangered/threatened category, many are on the verge of extinction surpassing the stage of critical limit, and extinction of many important species has taken place. Therefore, the forest personnel as well as people should have holistic view and approach in forest activity whether it is tree and/or wild animal.

In the year 1800, for the first time in India, the exploitation of wildlife was started on scientific basis. In 1806, first Forest Conservator was appointed at Madras Presidency. In 1847, an eminent botanist was appointed as Forest Conservator at Bombay. In 1855, the administrative structure of Forest Department was framed. In 1864, Sir Brandis became the first Forest Inspector General. In 1887, first systematic law in India was enacted by the British called “Wild Birds’ Protection Act of 1887”.

But due to wanton killing of wild animals and birds, a comprehensive legislation was passed, i.e., “Wild Birds and Animals (Protection) Act, 1912”. Again in 1935, the Act was amended calling it “Wild Birds and Animals (Protection) Act, 1935”. All these laws were aimed at not hunting the game animals and trade in products derived from wild animals. Much attention was not taken in conserving and propagating the wild animals throughout the country.

Before independence, the protection of wildlife was the responsibility of native rulers and local forest officers under the Indian Forest Act, 1927. There was rapid depletion in the population of wild animals. British rulers realised the importance of conservation of wildlife and enforced various laws like Rhino Protection Act, Elephant Protection Act, Arms Act, etc., from time to time to save them.

During Second World War the wild animals were mercilessly hunted by the soldiers and army officers wherever they halted. Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), a private agency, established in 1883 took the first step in formulating a comprehensive Act for Bombay in 1951 called Bombay Wild Animals and Wild Birds Protection Act, 1951. After independence, in 1952 an advisory board calling Central Board for Wildlife was set up, which was renamed as Indian Board for Wildlife (IBWL).

Later Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 was formulated to conserve and propagate the wild animals with the salient provisions of creating sanctuaries and national parks as well as penalties against illegal hunting, poaching and trading, etc. The Act provides legal protection to the wildlife and to the endangered species of fauna listed in different Schedules.

This Act has been amended in 1982, 1986, 1991 and 1993. Amendment in 1991 has imposed total ban on hunting, constituted Central Zoo Authority, recognition of zoos, emphasising protection of plants, etc., amendment of certain sections, omission of words such as Special Game, Big Game and Small Game from the Schedules, addition of one more Schedule VI enlisting certain plants.

Need of Wildlife Management/Conservation :

In ancient years, the wildlife in India were found sufficient; but due to enormous growth in human population, deforestation started for converting forest land into agricultural purposes and subsequently the habitat of wildlife started shrinking and their population depleted and still depleting. The period of Second World War was the most devastating period for wildlife as the wild animals were killed mercilessly wherever the militaries got shelter.

Following are the main reasons causing depletion in wildlife population:

(i) Conversion of forests into agricultural fields.

(ii) In ancient time, hunting was done rudely (wantonly), recklessly, mercilessly and unscientifically.

(iii) Creation of forest roads as well as allowing there the hunters with their vehicles.

(iv) Use of firearms in hunting and hunting were not done selflessly.

(v) Increase in livestock, grazing by them in forest areas resulting in loss of food and shelter of wild animals as well as infection of diseases.

(vi) Establishment of industries in forest areas, quarrying of mines, etc.

(vii) Pollution of environment, rivers, water reservoirs and ocean by insecticides, polluted gases and water from industries as byproducts.

(viii) Use of insecticides on the large scale in agricultural fields.

(ix) Misuse of licensed firearms.

(x) Lighting of fire by the local people inside the forest.

These factors not only depleted the number of wildlife but some became extinct, some are threatened and some are on the verge of extinction. Their number has come to such a stage that the benefit derived from them is negligible.

Problems of Wildlife Management in India :

Mitra (1980) pointed out that the management of wildlife in India is beset with several problems. The shrinkage and degradation of forest and non-forest wildlife habitats as well as serious decline in the status of wild animals; conservation efforts started gathering momentum in the country in the early 1970s. The National Wildlife Action Plan was drawn up against this background.

It is a document setting out an agenda of countrywide activities in the field of wildlife conservation, which was released by the late Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in November, 1983.

The Action Plan covers a period of 5 years and contains ten sections, each representing a major area of activity in the field of wildlife which are as follows:

1. Establishment of Representative Network of Protected Areas (PA = Sanctuary and National Park);

2. Management of Protected Areas and Habitat Restoration;

3. Wildlife Protection in Multiple-use Areas;

4. Rehabilitation of Endangered and Threatened Species;

5. Captive Breeding Programmes;

6. Wildlife Education and Interpretation;

7. Research and Monitoring;

8. Domestic Legislation and International Conventions;

9. National Conservation Strategy;

10. Collaboration with Voluntary Bodies.

The National Wildlife Action Plan has provided a vital framework for conservation and management of India’s diverse wildlife resources and a yardstick by which progress can be measured.

Methods of Wildlife Conservation :

In wildlife conservation, the objective is that the wildlife is to be conserved in such a way that it may remain in the nature in peak status.

The most commonly adopted methods for the conservation of wildlife, in brief, are as follows:

1. Habitat Management:

Habitat management includes ecological study of the habits and habitats of wildlife species, protection, preservation and improvement of habitats, census and statistical data regarding species to be conserved, etc.

2. Establishment of National Parks, Wildlife Reserves, and Wildlife Sanctuaries:

The establishment of national parks, wildlife reserves and wildlife sanctuaries and zoological gardens serves many purposes such as:

(i) To conserve the species in their wild state;

(ii) To provide scientific, educational and recreational opportunities; and

(iii) To earn revenue from tourists by attracting them.

3. Breeding in Captivity:

Tree species, such as ginko and metasequoia, have survived only in captivity. Tiger, White Tiger and Indian Lion today live in National Parks. Gorilla is protected in the National Park of Alberta. The European Bison, saved at the eleventh hour, survives in the National Park of Biolowieska in Poland. Similarly Pere David’s Deer, Whooping Crane, Hawaiian Goose, Parma Wallaby and Arabian Gazzelle, once threatened with extinction, are considered to be already ‘on the way back’ as a result of captive breeding.

4. Reintroduction of Species:

Several animal species which were almost extinct, such as Arabian Oryx, Vicuna of High Andes, Russian Antelope or Saiga, Trumpeter Swan, Black Buck, Flamingos, etc., were allowed to reproduce and flourish in suitable places similar to the original ones. Later these were reintroduced in several parks and sanctuaries and areas of their original natural habitats.

5. Mass Education:

For any conservation programme, there is a great need of education to the people to achieve their participation.

To achieve this objective, the methods adopted are as follows:

(i) Celebration of wildlife week every year;

(ii) Publicity through media and film shows;

(iii) Holding essay competitions, lectures, seminars, conducted tours, etc.;

(iv) Setting up nature clubs in educational institutions;

(v) Publication of wildlife books and journals, etc.;

(vi) Establishment of Natural History Museum, etc.

6. Promulgation of Laws:

All the countries have promulgated laws for the protection and conservation of wildlife. In India, Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, a comprehensive Central Government Legislation, was enacted in 1972. Killing, capturing and hunting of wildlife without prior permission from competent authority, and poaching have become punishable under Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. In 1976, 42nd amendment in the Indian Constitution, protection of wildlife has been included in Concurrent List. Further amendment in law is required for severe and deterrent punishment to poachers.

Related Articles:

• Top 7 Wildlife Organisations of the World | Zoology
• Conservation of Wildlife in India: 6 Acts
• Top 3 International Bodies for Wildlife Conservation
• Wildlife Conservation: Purpose and Methods | Zoology

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Effects Of Wildlife Conservation In India (Essay Sample) 2023

Effects of wildlife conservation in india.

How Can I Get Essay For Free and Is it realistic to expect a low-cost, High-Quality Essay from a Cheap Paper Writing Service ?

Wildlife refers to undomesticated animals, plants and microorganisms such as fungi that live independently in the wild. Conservation refers to conserving of something specific such as the natural surroundings, wildlife, vegetation, or natural eco-system. Wildlife conservation in turn refers to the practice of conserving wild animals and plants species and the habitat one lives in. The purpose of wildlife conservation is to secure nature for future generations to love and also recognize the significance of wildlife and no man’s land to mankind and other living organisms alike. Wildlife conservation plays a key responsibility in balancing the surrounding and yields firmness to various natural operations of nature. This essay seeks to describe wildlife conservation in India and its effects in India.

India brags different kinds of species and living organisms. Aside from some other prime farm animals such as cows, chickens, goats, and camels, India has astonishing wide range of animals that are local to the country. It is resident to Indochinese tigers, Bengal, pythons, deer, foxes, crocodiles, monkeys, snakes, antelopes, the Asian elephants, and different bison. The area’s rich and multiple wildlife are protected in a hundred and twenty national parks, five hundred wildlife reserves, and eighteen bio parks across the nation. India possesses some of the most bio diverse areas of the globe and entertains four of the globes thirty five biodiversity hotspots or precious houses, and the Himalayas. Since India is resident to several unusual animals, wildlife administration in the nation is necessary to conserve these types.

According to one research, India down with other sixteen huge diverse nations is resident to around sixty to seventy percent of the globes biodiversity. India, sprawling the Indomalaya ecozone, is resident to about seven percent of all mammalian, twelve percent of avian bird, six percent of reptilian, and flowering plants classification. In modern decades, human intrusion has presented a risk to India’s wildlife. In reaction, the structure of national parks and protected regions, initially formed in 1935 was successful stretched in 1972. India legislated the wildlife Protection Act and project Tiger to protect vital habitation, in 1980s India also implemented additional federal conservations.

The main purpose of wildlife conservation in India is to secure the nature for future generations to love and also recognize the significance of wildlife. Many animals and birds are ranking of the brink of desolation. This is due to uncontrolled poaching, deforestation, pollution and unlawful market. Because of wildlife conservation, the government and other institutions are facing immense trials to full terminate on exterminating and dealing of animals. Tourism is also an effect of wildlife conservation. India has invested on wildlife by building reserves and national parks to protect wildlife. As a result, tourists from around the globe and even locals visit India to tour the astonishing sanctuaries of wildlife. Another effect is towards aboriginal people who depend upon the massive forests. Efforts to protect vegetation have protected the rights of local people for one’s bread and butter.

In conclusion, wildlife refers to undomesticated animals, plants and microorganisms such as fungi that live independently in the wild. Conservation refers to conserving of something specific such as the natural surroundings, wildlife, vegetation, or natural eco-system. Wildlife is the preservation of plants and animal kinds. Wildlife conservation secures nature for future generations to love and also recognize the significance of wildlife. India possesses some of the most bio diverse areas of the globe and since India is resident to several unusual animals, wildlife administration in the nation is necessary to conserve these types.

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Andaman and Nicobar to establish wildlife sanctuaries

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The Andaman Islands consist of 572 islands, with key ones including North Andaman, South Andaman, Little Andaman, and Middle Andaman . It boasts the highest number of wildlife sanctuaries in India , totalling 96, along with 9 national parks .

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Essay on Visit to Zoo in 100, 150, and 250 Words for School Students

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• Apr 22, 2024

Essay on Visit to Zoo: For people of all ages, going to the zoo is a joyful experience. This is a rare chance to get up close and personal with animals from all over the world. Zoos teach us about wildlife conservation in addition to providing us with entertainment. One of life’s greatest pleasures is witnessing animals in their natural environments and learning about their habits.

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Paragraph on Visit to Zoo

Ans: Write a paragraph describing your visit to the zoo, the animals you saw, and the feelings it made you feel. Add specifics on the sights, sounds, and any educational features that jumped out during your visit.

Ans: A zoo is a place where a wide variety of animals are kept for both public exhibition and conservation. Zoos are essential for encouraging conservation efforts, teaching people about wildlife, and offering a rare chance to see creatures from all over the world.

Ans: A zoo is a unique location where a vast array of animals are housed for public viewing and education. It resembles a sizable animal museum where you can view animals from around the globe and learn fascinating details about them.

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Wildlife Conservation Projects in India: Class 11 Notes

The wildlife conservation projects in India are making a significant contribution to the protection and conservation of India’s wildlife. India has a rich and diverse wildlife, with over 400 species of mammals, 1,300 species of birds, 250 species of reptiles, and 2,000 species of fish. However, this wildlife is under threat from several factors, including habitat loss, poaching, and climate change. In response to these threats, the Government of India has launched several wildlife conservation projects. These projects aim to protect and conserve India’s wildlife, and to ensure that it can survive for future generations.

In this article, we will look into the wildlife conservation projects in India in detail. This is an important topic of NCERT Geography Class 11. Students can go through this article to get comprehensive notes on ‘Wildlife Conservation Projects in India’.

Table of Content

List of Wildlife Conservation Projects in India

Wildlife conservation project in india – project tiger, wildlife conservation project in india – project elephant, wildlife conservation project in india – project snow leopard, wildlife conservation project in india – project great indian bustard, wildlife conservation project in india – project gangetic dolphin, wildlife conservation project in india – project hangul, wildlife conservation project in india – project crocodile, wildlife conservation project in india – project sea turtle, wildlife conservation project in india – project seahorse, wildlife conservation project in india – indian rhino vision 2020.

The following table lists the wildlife conservation projects in India:

Project Tiger was launched in 1973 by the Government of India with the aim of conserving the Bengal tiger.

• The project was launched in Jim Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand under the leadership of Indira Gandhi.
• Initially, nine tiger reserves including an area of 9,115 sq km were identified to be brought under special protection.
• The main objectives of the project are to conserve tigers, and their habitats, and to increase the tiger population.
• Project Tiger operates through various measures such as protecting tiger habitats, anti-poaching measures, and ecological restoration. The project also focuses on community involvement and education.
• The project has been successful in increasing the tiger population in India. The tiger population in India has increased from 1,827 in 2006 to 2,967 in 2018. This is a significant increase and shows that Project Tiger is working.

Project Elephant was launched in 1992 by the Government of India with the aim of protecting the Asian elephant.

• The project provides financial and technical support to state governments for the conservation and management of elephants and their habitats.
• To mitigate and prevent human-elephant conflict.
• To develop and promote scientific and planned management strategies for elephant conservation.
• To prevent illegal trade of ivory and ensure elephant protection from hunters and poachers.
• To develop strategies to prevent unnatural causes of elephants’ death in India.
• Project Elephant has been successful in achieving several of its objectives. For example, the project has helped to reduce the number of elephants killed by poachers. The project has also helped to improve the management of elephant habitats and corridors.

Project Snow Leopard is a conservation program launched in 2009 by the Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change in India.

• The purpose of the program is to protect snow leopards and their habitats in the Himalayas.
• The program involves community-based conservation efforts, scientific research, and habitat protection.
• Snow leopards are an endangered species, and their populations are declining due to habitat loss, poaching, and climate change. Project Snow Leopard aims to address these threats and ensure the long-term survival of snow leopards in India.
• The program has been successful in protecting snow leopards and their habitats. For example, the program has helped to establish protected areas for snow leopards, and it has also worked to reduce poaching.
• The program has also supported scientific research on snow leopards, which has helped to improve our understanding of these animals.

Project Great Indian Bustard is a conservation program launched by the Government of India in 2012 to protect the Great Indian Bustard, a critically endangered bird species.

• The project aims to increase the population of the Great Indian Bustard by providing secure breeding grounds, reducing human pressure on its habitats, and raising awareness about the importance of its conservation.
• The Great Indian Bustard is the largest flying bird in India and is found in dry grasslands and scrublands across the country. However, its population has been declining rapidly due to habitat loss, hunting, and other factors.
• The project aims to reverse this decline and ensure the survival of the Great Indian Bustard for future generations.
• The project is being implemented by the Wildlife Institute of India in collaboration with the state governments of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh.

The Government of India launched Project Dolphin in 2009 to conserve the country’s river dolphins.

• The Ganges river dolphin is India’s National Aquatic Animal and is also the official animal of the city of Guwahati. The Ganges river dolphin is blind and can only live in freshwater.
• The species’ global population is estimated to be 4,000, with nearly 80 percent found in the Indian subcontinent.
• The River Dolphin lives in the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna and Karnaphuli-Sangu river systems of Nepal, India, and Bangladesh.
• The Ganges river dolphin is threatened by several factors, including habitat loss, pollution, and poaching.
• Project Dolphin aims to address these threats and conserve the Ganges river dolphin. The project will focus on strengthening patrolling and surveillance, improving habitat through the restoration of coastal ecosystems, removing ghost nets, and encouraging the involvement of locals with incentives.

Project Kashmir Stag was initiated in 1970 by the Kashmir government with the help of the World Wide Fund (WWF) to protect and conserve the Kashmir stag, also known as hangul, which is native to northern India.

• The project was later renamed “Save Kashmir’s Red Deer Hangul” in 2009. The hangul deer is found at elevations of 3,035 meters in Dachigam National Park and surrounding areas.
• At the beginning of the 20th century, their number was about 5000 hangul deer. The hangul deer was in danger due to habitat destruction, overgrazing by domestic livestock, and poaching.
• The project has been successful in increasing the population of hangul deer to over 340 by 1980. Conservation measures include anti-poaching strategies, nomadic livestock control, herding dog management, predator control, habitat reintroduction, and scientific research.
• The hangul deer is a critically endangered species according to the IUCN Red List. The project is still ongoing and is working to further protect and conserve the hangul deer.

In 1975, the Indian government initiated the Crocodile Conservation Project in order to protect the country’s three species of crocodiles.

• The project was launched in different states, with the Gharial and Saltwater crocodile conservation program being the first to be implemented in Odisha in early 1975. The Mugger conservation program was initiated later.
• The project has been successful in increasing the population of saltwater crocodiles in India. In 1976, there were only 96 saltwater crocodiles in the country.
• By 2012, this number had increased to 1,640. The project has also been successful in protecting the Gharial and Mugger crocodile species.
• The Crocodile Conservation Project is an important example of how conservation efforts can be successful in protecting endangered species.
• The project has helped to ensure the survival of India’s crocodiles, and it is a model that can be used to protect other endangered species around the world.

The Sea Turtle Conservation Project was launched in 1999 by the Ministry of Environment and Forests in India.

• The project is being implemented by the Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, in collaboration with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
• The project aims to conserve olive ridley turtles and other endangered marine turtles in India.
• The project is being carried out in ten coastal states of the country, with a particular emphasis on the state of Orissa.
• The project has been successful in reducing the number of turtle deaths due to fishing nets. The project has also helped to increase the awareness of the importance of sea turtles among local communities.

In India, Project Seahorse has worked to conserve seahorses and their habitats by working with local communities, government agencies, and other stakeholders.

• Project Seahorse has also worked to raise awareness of the importance of seahorses and their conservation.
• Project Seahorse has made a significant contribution to the conservation of seahorses in India.
• The organization’s work has helped to protect seahorses and their habitats, and has raised awareness of the importance of seahorse conservation.
• Project Seahorse is a valuable resource for the conservation of seahorses and their habitats in India.

Project Indian Rhino Vision 2020 (IRV2020) was a collaborative effort between the World Health Organization-India and the Assam Forest Department.

• The project was launched in 2005 with the goal of increasing the population of the greater one-horned rhinoceros in Assam from 2,000 to 3,000 by 2020.
• The project also aimed to distribute the rhinos across seven protected areas in the state to ensure the long-term viability of the population.
• The IRV2020 project was successful in achieving its goals. By 2020, the population of greater one-horned rhinos in Assam had increased to over 3,000, and the rhinos were distributed across all seven of the targeted protected areas.
• The project also helped to improve the conservation status of the greater one-horned rhinoceros, which was moved from the endangered to the vulnerable category on the IUCN Red List in 2008.

Conclusion – Wildlife Conservation Projects in India

In conclusion, Wildlife conservation is essential to the health of our planet. It helps to protect endangered species, preserve biodiversity, and maintain the balance of ecosystems. In India, there are a number of wildlife conservation projects that are working to protect the country’s rich biodiversity. These projects are all making a significant contribution to the conservation of wildlife in India. However, there is still much more work to be done. The Indian government needs to continue to invest in wildlife conservation projects, and the public needs to be more aware of the importance of wildlife conservation. Only then can we ensure that India’s rich biodiversity is preserved for future generations.

People Also View:

• Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
• Wildlife Sanctuary

FAQs on Wildlife Conservation Projects in India

What is project tiger.

Project Tiger is a conservation initiative in India aimed at protecting Bengal tigers and their habitats.

Why is Project Elephant significant?

Project Elephant focuses on managing and protecting elephant populations, crucial for biodiversity and ecosystem balance.

What does Project Snow Leopard aim to achieve?

Project Snow Leopard aims to conserve the endangered snow leopard species in the Himalayan region.

How does Project Great Indian Bustard help?

Project Great Indian Bustard aims to save the critically endangered bird species through conservation efforts.

Why is Project Gangetic Dolphin important?

Project Gangetic Dolphin aims to protect the endangered Gangetic dolphin population and its habitat in India’s rivers.

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वन्यजीव संरक्षण पर निबंध (Wildlife ConservationEssay in Hindi)

“वन्यजीव संरक्षण” यह शब्द हमें उन संसाधनों को बचाने की याद दिलाता है जो हमें प्रकृति द्वारा उपहार के रूप में प्रदान किए गए हैं। वन्यजीव उन जानवरों का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है जो पालतू या समझदार नहीं हैं। वे सिर्फ जंगली जानवर हैं और पूरी तरह से जंगल के माहौल में रहते हैं। ऐसे जानवरों और पौधों की प्रजातियों का संरक्षण जरूरी है ताकि वे विलुप्त होने के खतरे से बाहर हो सकें, और इस पूरी क्रिया को ही वन्यजीव संरक्षण कहा जाता है। इस विषय पर हम आपके लिए अलग-अलग शब्द संख्या में कुछ निबंध लेकर आये हैं ताकि आपका दृष्टिकोण पूर्ण रूप से स्पष्ट हो सके।

वन्यजीव संरक्षण पर लघु और दीर्घ निबंध (Short and Long Essays on Wildlife Conservation in Hindi, Vanyajiv Sanrakshan par Nibandh Hindi mein)

वन्यजीव संरक्षण पर निबंध – 1 (250 – 300 शब्द).

उपयुक्त तरीकों को लागू करने से विलुप्त होने या लुप्त होने से वन्यजीवों की प्रजातियों की सुरक्षा की जा सकती है और इसे ही वन्यजीव संरक्षण कहा जाता है। जंगली जानवर और पौधे उस पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र में एक महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं जहाँ वे रहते हैं। वन्यजीव प्राणी और पौधे हमारी प्रकृति में सुंदरता को जोड़ते हैं। उनकी विशिष्टता, कुछ पक्षियों और जानवरों की सुंदर आवाज, वातावरण और निवास स्थान को बहुत ही मनभावन और अद्भुत बनाती है।

वन्यजीव संरक्षण की आवश्यकता

पेड़ों और जंगलों की भारी कटाई से वन्यजीवों के आवास नष्ट हो रहे हैं। मानव के विचारहीन कर्म वन्यजीव प्रजातियों के बड़े पैमाने पर विलुप्त होने के लिए जिम्मेदार हैं। शिकार करना या अवैध रूप से शिकार का कार्य भी एक दंडनीय अपराध है, किसी भी वन्यजीव की प्रजाति को अपने आनंद के उद्देश्य से नहीं मारा जाना चाहिए।

वन्यजीव संरक्षण के उपाय

जंगली जानवर और पौधे पारिस्थितिक संतुलन को बनाए रखने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं। उनके महत्व को नकारा नहीं जा सकता। ऐसे कई कारक हैं जो वन्यजीव प्राणियों के लिए खतरा हैं। बढ़ता प्रदूषण, तापमान और जलवायु परिवर्तन, संसाधनों का अत्यधिक दोहन, अनियमित शिकार या अवैध शिकार, निवास स्थान की हानि, आदि वन्यजीवों की समाप्ति के प्रमुख कारण हैं। वन्यजीवों के संरक्षण की दिशा में सरकार द्वारा कई कार्य और नीतियां तैयार और संशोधित की गईं हैं।

यह मनुष्य की एकमात्र और सामाजिक जिम्मेदारी है,  व्यक्तिगत आधार पर, हर किसी को चाहिए कि हम अपने अक्षय संसाधनों के संरक्षण के लिए प्रयास करें। वे बहुमूल्य हैं और इनका बुद्धिमानी से उपयोग किया जाना चाहिए।

निबंध 2 (400 शब्द) – वन्यजीवों के घटने का कारण

जंगली पौधों और जानवरों की प्रजातियों को विलुप्त होने से बचाने के लिए की गयी कार्रवाई को वन्यजीव संरक्षण कहा जाता है। मानव द्वारा विभिन्न योजनाओं और नीतियों को अमल में लाकर इसे हासिल किया जाता है। वन्यजीव हमारे पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र का एक महत्वपूर्ण कारक है, उनके अस्तित्व के बिना, पारिस्थितिक संतुलन एक असंतुलित स्थिति में बदल जाएगी। जिस तरह से इस धरती पर मौजूद हर एक प्राणी को अपने अस्तित्व का अधिकार है और इसलिए उन्हें एक उचित निवास स्थान और उनकी शर्तों का अधिकार मिलना चाहिए।

लेकिन वर्तमान में हो रही परिस्थितियां पूरी तरह से अलग हैं। मनुष्य अपनी इच्छाओं को लेकर इतना अधिक स्वार्थी हो गया है कि वो यह भूल गया कि अन्य जीवों को भी यही अधिकार प्राप्त है। विभिन्न अवैध प्रथाओं, उन्नति, आवश्यकताओं ने एक ऐसी स्थिति का निर्माण किया है जो काफी चिंताजनक है।

वन्यजीवों की कमी के कारण

वन्यजीवों के विनाश के लिए कई कारक हैं जिनमे से कुछ को हमने यहाँ सूचीबद्ध किया है:

• निवास स्थान की हानि – कई निर्माण परियोजनाओं, सड़कों, बांधों, आदि को बनाने के लिए जंगलों और कृषि भूमि की अनावश्यक तरह से कटाई विभिन्न वन्यजीवों और पौधों के निवास स्थान की हानि के लिए जिम्मेदार है। ये गतिविधियाँ जानवरों को उनके घर से वंचित करती हैं। परिणामस्वरूप या तो उन्हें किसी अन्य निवास स्थान पर जाना पड़ता है या फिर वे विलुप्त हो जाते है।
• संसाधनों का अत्यधिक दोहन – संसाधनों का उपयोग बुद्धिमानी से करना होता है, लेकिन यदि इसका अप्राकृतिक तरीके से उपयोग किया जाता है, तो उसका अत्यधिक इस्तेमाल होता है। जरूरत से ज्यादा इस्तेमाल तमाम तरह की प्रजातियों के विलुप्त होने को बढ़ावा देगा।
• शिकार और अवैध शिकार – मनोरंजन के लिए जानवरों का शिकार करना या उनका अवैध तरह से शिकार का कार्य वास्तव में घिनौना है क्योंकि ऐसा करने का मतलब है अपने मनोरंजन और कुछ उत्पाद प्राप्त करने के आनंद के लिए जानवरों को फंसाना और उनकी हत्या करना। जानवरों के कुछ उत्पाद बेहद मूल्यवान हैं, उदाहरण के लिए, हाथी दांत, त्वचा, सींग, आदि। जानवरों को बंदी बनाने या उनका शिकार करने और उन्हें मारने के बाद उत्पाद हासिल किया जाता है। यह बड़े पैमाने पर वन्यजीवों के विलुप्त होने के लिए अग्रणी है, जिसका एक उदाहरण कस्तूरी हिरण है।
• रिसर्च पेर्पस के लिए जानवरों का उपयोग करना – अनुसंधान संस्थानों की प्रयोगशाला में परीक्षण परिणामों के लिए कई जानवरों का चुनाव किया जाता है। इन प्रजातियों को बड़े पैमाने पर अनुसंधान के लिए इस्तेमाल में लाया जाना भी इनके विलुप्त होने के लिए जिम्मेदार है।
• प्रदूषण – पर्यावरण की स्थिति में अनावश्यक बदलाव जिसको परिणामस्वरूप हम प्रदूषित कह सकते है। और ऐसा ही वायु, जल, मृदा प्रदूषण के साथ भी है। लेकिन हवा, पानी, मिट्टी की गुणवत्ता में परिवर्तन की वजह से पशु और पौधों की प्रजातियों की संख्या में कमी होना काफी हद तक जिम्मेदार है।

दूषित जल से समुद्री जैव विविधता भी काफी प्रभावित होती है; पानी में मौजूद रसायन समुद्री जलचरों की कार्यात्मक गतिविधियों को बिगाड़ते हैं। मूंगा-चट्टान तापमान परिवर्तन और दूषितकरण से काफी ज्यादा प्रभावित होती है।

वन्यजीवों के संरक्षण के लिए एक सकारात्मक दृष्टिकोण होना चाहिए। सरकार द्वारा पहले से ही संरक्षण उद्देश्यों के लिए काम कर रही कई नीतियां, योजनाएं और पहल जारी हैं। जंगली जानवरों और पौधों को अपने स्वयं के आवास के भीतर संरक्षित करना आसान है उन्हें अनुवान्सिक तौर पर संरक्षण उपाय करने के बाद संरक्षित किया जाना चाहिए। वे जानवर और पौधे जो अपने स्वयं के निवास स्थान में सुरक्षित नहीं रह पा रहे हैं या विलुप्त हो रहे क्षेत्रों का सामना कर रहे हैं, उन्हें प्रयोगशालाओं के भीतर या पूर्व-भरण-पोषण उपायों के बाद कुछ भण्डारों में संरक्षित किया जाना चाहिए।

निबंध 3 (600 शब्द) – वन्यजीव संरक्षण: कारक, प्रकार, महत्व और परियोजनाएं

वन्यजीव संरक्षण, विलुप्त होने के खतरे का सामना कर रहे वन्यजीवों के संरक्षण और प्रबंधन की एक प्रक्रिया है। वन्यजीव हमारी पारिस्थितिकी का एक महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा है। वे जानवर या पौधे ही हैं जो हमारे पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र की सहायक प्रणाली हैं। वे जंगल वाले माहौल में या तो जंगलों में या फिर वनों में रहते हैं। वे हमारे पारिस्थितिक संतुलन को बनाए रखने में मदद कर रहे हैं। अमानवीय क्रियायें वन्यजीव प्राणियों के लुप्त या विलुप्त होने में सबसे बड़ी भूमिका निभा रही हैं। भारत जैव विविधता में समृद्ध है, लेकिन इसके नुकसान के लिए भी कई कारक हैं।

वन्यजीवों के विनाश के लिए अग्रणी कारक

• संसाधनों का अत्यधिक इस्तेमाल
• प्राकृतिक निवास का नुकसान
• निवास स्थान को टुकड़ों में बंटाना
• शिकार और अवैध शिकार
• जलवायु परिवर्तन

वन्यजीव संरक्षण के प्रकार

• इन-सीटू संरक्षण – इस प्रकार के संरक्षण में, पौधों और जानवरों की प्रजातियां और उनके आनुवंशिक सामग्री को उनके निवास स्थान के भीतर ही सुरक्षित या संरक्षित किया जाता है। इस प्रकार के क्षेत्रों को संरक्षित क्षेत्र कहा जाता है। वे राष्ट्रीय उद्यान, अभयारण्य, जीवमंडल भंडार, आदि होते हैं।
• एक्स-सीटू संरक्षण – संरक्षण की इस तकनीक में पौधों और जानवरों की प्रजातियों को सुरक्षित या संरक्षण करने के साथ-साथ उनके आवास के बाहर की आनुवंशिक सामग्री भी शामिल है। यह जीन बैंकों, क्रायोप्रेज़र्वेशन, टिशू कल्चर, कैप्टिव ब्रीडिंग और वनस्पति उद्यान के रूप में किया जाता है।

वन्यजीव संरक्षण का महत्व

• पारिस्थितिकी संतुलन
• सौंदर्य और मनोरंजन मूल्य
• जैव विविधता को बनाए रखने के लिए बढ़ावा देना

भारत में वन्यजीव संरक्षण के प्रयास

• प्रोजेक्ट टाइगर : यह परियोजना 1973 में भारत सरकार द्वारा बाघों की घटती जनसंख्या के संरक्षण और प्रबंधन के लिए एक पहल के साथ शुरू की गई थी। बंगाल के बाघ बढ़ती मानव गतिविधियों और प्रगति के परिणामस्वरूप अपनी संख्या और आवासों में काफी तेजी से कम होते जा रहे थे। इसलिए उनके निवास स्थान और उनकी संख्या को बचाने के लिए एक परियोजना की पहल की गई। परियोजना को राष्ट्रीय बाघ संरक्षण प्राधिकरण द्वारा प्रशासित किया गया था।

परियोजना का मुख्य उद्देश्य बाघों के आवास को विनाश से बचाना था। साथ ही साथ दूसरे, बाघों की संख्या में वृद्धि सुनिश्चित करना।

हमारे रॉयल बंगाल टाइगर्स को बचाने के लिए परियोजना में सकारात्मक दृष्टिकोण था, क्योंकि इस प्रयास के बाद उनकी संख्या 1000-5000 के लगभग बढ़ गई थी। प्रारंभिक स्तर पर, 9 संरक्षित क्षेत्र थे जो 2015 तक बढ़कर 50 हो गए। यह वास्तव में राष्ट्रीय पशु बाघ के संरक्षण की दिशा में एक सफल प्रयास था।

• प्रोजेक्ट एलीफेंट : सड़क, रेलवे, रिसॉर्ट, इमारत, आदि के निर्माण जैसी विकास संबंधी गतिविधियां कई जंगलों और चराई के स्थानों को साफ करने के लिए जिम्मेदार हैं, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप विभिन्न जंगली जानवरों के निवास स्थान का विनाश होता है। हाथियों के साथ भी कुछ ऐसा ही देखा गया। भारत सरकार द्वारा वर्ष 1992 में हाथियों की संख्या को संरक्षित करने, उनके आवास के रखरखाव, मानव-पशु संघर्ष को कम करने के साथ-साथ शिकार और अवैध शिकार को कम करने के लिए हाथी परियोजना का शुभारंभ किया गया था।

यह परियोजना केंद्रीय स्तर पर शुरू की गई थी, लेकिन इसकी पहल राज्यों द्वारा की गई थी, इस परियोजना के तहत विभिन्न राज्यों को आवश्यकताओं के अनुसार धन भी प्रदान किया गया था। 16 राज्य मुख्य रूप से इस अधिनियम को लागू कर रहे थे।

• मगरमच्छ संरक्षण परियोजना : यह परियोजना साल 1975 में राज्य स्तरों पर शुरू की गई थी। इस परियोजना का उद्देश्य मगरमच्छों के आवास के होते विनाश को रोकना था और इस प्रकार उनकी संख्या को बढ़ाने में मदद करना था। मगरमच्छों के शिकार और हत्या पर नजर रखी जानी चाहिए। इस पहल के परिणामस्वरूप, वर्ष 2012 तक उनकी संख्या को 100 से बढ़ाकर 1000 कर दिया गया।
• यूएनडीपी सागर कछुआ संरक्षण परियोजना : यूएनडीपी द्वारा शुरू की गई इस परियोजना का उद्देश्य कछुओं की आबादी की घटती संख्या का उचित प्रबंधन और संरक्षण करना था।

जनसंख्या विस्फोट और शहरीकरण के ही परिणाम हैं कि वनों को काटकर इसे इमारतों, होटलों, या मानव बस्तियों में बदलने की गतिविधियों में वृद्धि हुई है। इसके परिणामस्वरूप जंगल में रहने वाले विभिन्न प्रजातियों के निवास स्थान में कमी आई है। उन्हें उन स्थानों को छोड़ना पड़ता था और नए आवास की तलाश करनी होती थी जो कि आसान नहीं होता है। नए निवास स्थान की खोज, भोजन के लिए बहुत सारी प्रतियोगिता, कई प्रजातियों को लुप्त होने की कगार पर ले जाती है।

वन्यजीव जानवर और पौधे प्रकृति के महत्वपूर्ण पहलू हैं। किसी भी स्तर पर नुकसान होने पर इसके अप्राकृतिक परिणाम भुगतने पड़ सकते हैं। वे पारिस्थितिक संतुलन के लिए जिम्मेदार हैं और मानव जाति के निर्वाह के लिए, यह संतुलन बनाए रखना चाहिए। इसलिए सरकार द्वारा संरक्षण प्रयासों के साथ, यह हमारी सामाजिक जिम्मेदारी भी है, कि हम व्यक्तिगत रूप से वन्यजीवों के संरक्षण में अपना योगदान करें।

संबंधित पोस्ट

मेरी रुचि पर निबंध (My Hobby Essay in Hindi)

धन पर निबंध (Money Essay in Hindi)

समाचार पत्र पर निबंध (Newspaper Essay in Hindi)

मेरा स्कूल पर निबंध (My School Essay in Hindi)

शिक्षा का महत्व पर निबंध (Importance of Education Essay in Hindi)

बाघ पर निबंध (Tiger Essay in Hindi)

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