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The Course of the First World War

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• 1. THE GREAT WAR WORLD WAR 1914-1918
• 2. MAP OF FIRST WORLD WAR
• 3. HOW DID WW1 START? World War 1 started on 28th July 1914 until November 11th 1918. How did World War one Start?. On 28 July, the Austro-Hungarians fired the first shots in preparation for theinvasion of Serbia. As Russia mobilised, Germany invaded neutral Belgium and Luxembourg before moving towards France, leading Britain to declare war on Germany.
• 4. BATTLE OF THE SOME PICTURES
• 5. WORST BATTLES OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR FROM 1914-18 After the start of the first world war, their was 4 major battles that happened. These battles killed many lives and soliders were also hurt during the war. The Great Battle of the Somme happened in 1915 which involved many soilders dying in this great battle. Today, 100 years later on the sites are opened to the public to see the brutal and bloodest sites in Northern France and Belgium.
• 6. THE MUDDY DAMP TRENCHES During World War 1, the men had to live in muddy, damp wet trenches which supported them from being hit by rifles and guns. The men would live in the trenches for 4 years with horrible rats and muddy damp ditches to sleep in. This would have been a horrible experience for the men to sleep in.
• 7. MY EXPERINCES IN THE TRENCHES In May 2012, I visited the Trenches in Ypres on a school trip based about the First World War. When visiting the trenches, I saw a lot of tunnels and places where the men used to sleep. I also saw a dead rat which didn’t impress me. I loved being in the trenches as it was very muddy and damp but we had sunshine while visiting the sites. I also thought they were keeped very well.
• 8. END OF WORLD WAR 1- 1918 On November 11th 1918 after 4 epic and horrific years at war, the war came to silence as men and children were remembered at a service to commemorated the end of the war. In 1920, the Armistice Day started a Remembrance Day which would lead on every Sunday near to the anniversary of the War. Today lots of Remembrance Services are held across England and the world with poppies.

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World War 1 PowerPoint with video clips and presenter notes covers the atmosphere in Europe leading up the the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, World War I, and finishes with the Treaty of Versailles and how it led to WWII.

This 25 slide WWI PowerPoint/ is packed with beautiful graphics, engaging video clips and presenter notes that aid your understanding of each slide and can aid your lecture. PowerPoints also include optional student guided notes  for students to complete during lecture for differentiated instruction.

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Topics Covered

M.A.I.N. Causes of WWI

Alliance System

Triple Alliance

Triple Entente

Imperialism

Nationalism

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Central Powers

Allied Powers

Schlieffen Plan

War of Attrition

New Weapons of War

Battles of Verdun and Somme

Western Front - Eastern Front

Conscription

Russian Revolution

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Zimmerman Telegram

President Wilson

Fourteen Points

Treaty of Versailles

**Note: This is a World History centric view of WWI. This is for World History classes, rather than U.S. History Classes. For World War I from a U.S. perspective , go to World War 1 PowerPoint/Google Slides .

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• Trench Warfare & Modern Weapons of War Text & Graphic Analysis + Google Apps version

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• Hitler vs Treaty of Versailles Primary Source Analysis + Google Apps version

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World War I

By: History.com Editors

Updated: August 11, 2023 | Original: October 29, 2009

World War I, also known as the Great War, started in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. His murder catapulted into a war across Europe that lasted until 1918. During the four-year conflict, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (the Central Powers) fought against Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Canada, Japan and the United States (the Allied Powers). Thanks to new military technologies and the horrors of trench warfare, World War I saw unprecedented levels of carnage and destruction. By the time the war was over and the Allied Powers had won, more than 16 million people—soldiers and civilians alike—were dead.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Tensions had been brewing throughout Europe—especially in the troubled Balkan region of southeast Europe—for years before World War I actually broke out.

A number of alliances involving European powers, the Ottoman Empire , Russia and other parties had existed for years, but political instability in the Balkans (particularly Bosnia, Serbia and Herzegovina) threatened to destroy these agreements.

The spark that ignited World War I was struck in Sarajevo, Bosnia, where Archduke Franz Ferdinand —heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire—was shot to death along with his wife, Sophie, by the Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip on June 28, 1914. Princip and other nationalists were struggling to end Austro-Hungarian rule over Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The assassination of Franz Ferdinand set off a rapidly escalating chain of events: Austria-Hungary , like many countries around the world, blamed the Serbian government for the attack and hoped to use the incident as justification for settling the question of Serbian nationalism once and for all.

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Because mighty Russia supported Serbia, Austria-Hungary waited to declare war until its leaders received assurance from German leader Kaiser Wilhelm II that Germany would support their cause. Austro-Hungarian leaders feared that a Russian intervention would involve Russia’s ally, France, and possibly Great Britain as well.

On July 5, Kaiser Wilhelm secretly pledged his support, giving Austria-Hungary a so-called carte blanche, or “blank check” assurance of Germany’s backing in the case of war. The Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary then sent an ultimatum to Serbia, with such harsh terms as to make it almost impossible to accept.

World War I Begins

Convinced that Austria-Hungary was readying for war, the Serbian government ordered the Serbian army to mobilize and appealed to Russia for assistance. On July 28, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, and the tenuous peace between Europe’s great powers quickly collapsed.

Within a week, Russia, Belgium, France, Great Britain and Serbia had lined up against Austria-Hungary and Germany, and World War I had begun.

The Western Front

According to an aggressive military strategy known as the Schlieffen Plan (named for its mastermind, German Field Marshal Alfred von Schlieffen ), Germany began fighting World War I on two fronts, invading France through neutral Belgium in the west and confronting Russia in the east.

On August 4, 1914, German troops crossed the border into Belgium. In the first battle of World War I, the Germans assaulted the heavily fortified city of Liege , using the most powerful weapons in their arsenal—enormous siege cannons—to capture the city by August 15. The Germans left death and destruction in their wake as they advanced through Belgium toward France, shooting civilians and executing a Belgian priest they had accused of inciting civilian resistance. 

First Battle of the Marne

In the First Battle of the Marne , fought from September 6-9, 1914, French and British forces confronted the invading German army, which had by then penetrated deep into northeastern France, within 30 miles of Paris. The Allied troops checked the German advance and mounted a successful counterattack, driving the Germans back to the north of the Aisne River.

The defeat meant the end of German plans for a quick victory in France. Both sides dug into trenches , and the Western Front was the setting for a hellish war of attrition that would last more than three years.

Particularly long and costly battles in this campaign were fought at Verdun (February-December 1916) and the Battle of the Somme (July-November 1916). German and French troops suffered close to a million casualties in the Battle of Verdun alone.

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World War I Books and Art

The bloodshed on the battlefields of the Western Front, and the difficulties its soldiers had for years after the fighting had ended, inspired such works of art as “ All Quiet on the Western Front ” by Erich Maria Remarque and “ In Flanders Fields ” by Canadian doctor Lieutenant-Colonel John McCrae . In the latter poem, McCrae writes from the perspective of the fallen soldiers:

Published in 1915, the poem inspired the use of the poppy as a symbol of remembrance.

Visual artists like Otto Dix of Germany and British painters Wyndham Lewis, Paul Nash and David Bomberg used their firsthand experience as soldiers in World War I to create their art, capturing the anguish of trench warfare and exploring the themes of technology, violence and landscapes decimated by war.

The Eastern Front

On the Eastern Front of World War I, Russian forces invaded the German-held regions of East Prussia and Poland but were stopped short by German and Austrian forces at the Battle of Tannenberg in late August 1914.

Despite that victory, Russia’s assault forced Germany to move two corps from the Western Front to the Eastern, contributing to the German loss in the Battle of the Marne.

Combined with the fierce Allied resistance in France, the ability of Russia’s huge war machine to mobilize relatively quickly in the east ensured a longer, more grueling conflict instead of the quick victory Germany had hoped to win under the Schlieffen Plan .

Russian Revolution

From 1914 to 1916, Russia’s army mounted several offensives on World War I’s Eastern Front but was unable to break through German lines.

Defeat on the battlefield, combined with economic instability and the scarcity of food and other essentials, led to mounting discontent among the bulk of Russia’s population, especially the poverty-stricken workers and peasants. This increased hostility was directed toward the imperial regime of Czar Nicholas II and his unpopular German-born wife, Alexandra.

Russia’s simmering instability exploded in the Russian Revolution of 1917, spearheaded by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks , which ended czarist rule and brought a halt to Russian participation in World War I.

Russia reached an armistice with the Central Powers in early December 1917, freeing German troops to face the remaining Allies on the Western Front.

America Enters World War I

At the outbreak of fighting in 1914, the United States remained on the sidelines of World War I, adopting the policy of neutrality favored by President Woodrow Wilson while continuing to engage in commerce and shipping with European countries on both sides of the conflict.

Neutrality, however, it was increasingly difficult to maintain in the face of Germany’s unchecked submarine aggression against neutral ships, including those carrying passengers. In 1915, Germany declared the waters surrounding the British Isles to be a war zone, and German U-boats sunk several commercial and passenger vessels, including some U.S. ships.

Widespread protest over the sinking by U-boat of the British ocean liner Lusitania —traveling from New York to Liverpool, England with hundreds of American passengers onboard—in May 1915 helped turn the tide of American public opinion against Germany. In February 1917, Congress passed a $250 million arms appropriations bill intended to make the United States ready for war.

Germany sunk four more U.S. merchant ships the following month, and on April 2 Woodrow Wilson appeared before Congress and called for a declaration of war against Germany.

Gallipoli Campaign

With World War I having effectively settled into a stalemate in Europe, the Allies attempted to score a victory against the Ottoman Empire, which entered the conflict on the side of the Central Powers in late 1914.

After a failed attack on the Dardanelles (the strait linking the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean Sea), Allied forces led by Britain launched a large-scale land invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula in April 1915. The invasion also proved a dismal failure, and in January 1916 Allied forces staged a full retreat from the shores of the peninsula after suffering 250,000 casualties.

Did you know? The young Winston Churchill, then first lord of the British Admiralty, resigned his command after the failed Gallipoli campaign in 1916, accepting a commission with an infantry battalion in France.

British-led forces also combated the Ottoman Turks in Egypt and Mesopotamia , while in northern Italy, Austrian and Italian troops faced off in a series of 12 battles along the Isonzo River, located at the border between the two nations.

Battle of the Isonzo

The First Battle of the Isonzo took place in the late spring of 1915, soon after Italy’s entrance into the war on the Allied side. In the Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo, also known as the Battle of Caporetto (October 1917), German reinforcements helped Austria-Hungary win a decisive victory.

After Caporetto, Italy’s allies jumped in to offer increased assistance. British and French—and later, American—troops arrived in the region, and the Allies began to take back the Italian Front.

World War I at Sea

In the years before World War I, the superiority of Britain’s Royal Navy was unchallenged by any other nation’s fleet, but the Imperial German Navy had made substantial strides in closing the gap between the two naval powers. Germany’s strength on the high seas was also aided by its lethal fleet of U-boat submarines.

After the Battle of Dogger Bank in January 1915, in which the British mounted a surprise attack on German ships in the North Sea, the German navy chose not to confront Britain’s mighty Royal Navy in a major battle for more than a year, preferring to rest the bulk of its naval strategy on its U-boats.

The biggest naval engagement of World War I, the Battle of Jutland (May 1916) left British naval superiority on the North Sea intact, and Germany would make no further attempts to break an Allied naval blockade for the remainder of the war.

World War I Planes

World War I was the first major conflict to harness the power of planes. Though not as impactful as the British Royal Navy or Germany’s U-boats, the use of planes in World War I presaged their later, pivotal role in military conflicts around the globe.

At the dawn of World War I, aviation was a relatively new field; the Wright brothers took their first sustained flight just eleven years before, in 1903. Aircraft were initially used primarily for reconnaissance missions. During the First Battle of the Marne, information passed from pilots allowed the allies to exploit weak spots in the German lines, helping the Allies to push Germany out of France.

The first machine guns were successfully mounted on planes in June of 1912 in the United States, but were imperfect; if timed incorrectly, a bullet could easily destroy the propeller of the plane it came from. The Morane-Saulnier L, a French plane, provided a solution: The propeller was armored with deflector wedges that prevented bullets from hitting it. The Morane-Saulnier Type L was used by the French, the British Royal Flying Corps (part of the Army), the British Royal Navy Air Service and the Imperial Russian Air Service. The British Bristol Type 22 was another popular model used for both reconnaissance work and as a fighter plane.

Dutch inventor Anthony Fokker improved upon the French deflector system in 1915. His “interrupter” synchronized the firing of the guns with the plane’s propeller to avoid collisions. Though his most popular plane during WWI was the single-seat Fokker Eindecker, Fokker created over 40 kinds of airplanes for the Germans.

The Allies debuted the Handley-Page HP O/400, the first two-engine bomber, in 1915. As aerial technology progressed, long-range heavy bombers like Germany’s Gotha G.V. (first introduced in 1917) were used to strike cities like London. Their speed and maneuverability proved to be far deadlier than Germany’s earlier Zeppelin raids.

By the war’s end, the Allies were producing five times more aircraft than the Germans. On April 1, 1918, the British created the Royal Air Force, or RAF, the first air force to be a separate military branch independent from the navy or army. 

Second Battle of the Marne

With Germany able to build up its strength on the Western Front after the armistice with Russia, Allied troops struggled to hold off another German offensive until promised reinforcements from the United States were able to arrive.

On July 15, 1918, German troops launched what would become the last German offensive of the war, attacking French forces (joined by 85,000 American troops as well as some of the British Expeditionary Force) in the Second Battle of the Marne . The Allies successfully pushed back the German offensive and launched their own counteroffensive just three days later.

After suffering massive casualties, Germany was forced to call off a planned offensive further north, in the Flanders region stretching between France and Belgium, which was envisioned as Germany’s best hope of victory.

The Second Battle of the Marne turned the tide of war decisively towards the Allies, who were able to regain much of France and Belgium in the months that followed.

The Harlem Hellfighters and Other All-Black Regiments

By the time World War I began, there were four all-Black regiments in the U.S. military: the 24th and 25th Infantry and the 9th and 10th Cavalry. All four regiments comprised of celebrated soldiers who fought in the Spanish-American War and American-Indian Wars , and served in the American territories. But they were not deployed for overseas combat in World War I. 

Blacks serving alongside white soldiers on the front lines in Europe was inconceivable to the U.S. military. Instead, the first African American troops sent overseas served in segregated labor battalions, restricted to menial roles in the Army and Navy, and shutout of the Marines, entirely. Their duties mostly included unloading ships, transporting materials from train depots, bases and ports, digging trenches, cooking and maintenance, removing barbed wire and inoperable equipment, and burying soldiers.

Facing criticism from the Black community and civil rights organizations for its quotas and treatment of African American soldiers in the war effort, the military formed two Black combat units in 1917, the 92nd and 93rd Divisions . Trained separately and inadequately in the United States, the divisions fared differently in the war. The 92nd faced criticism for their performance in the Meuse-Argonne campaign in September 1918. The 93rd Division, however, had more success. 

With dwindling armies, France asked America for reinforcements, and General John Pershing , commander of the American Expeditionary Forces, sent regiments in the 93 Division to over, since France had experience fighting alongside Black soldiers from their Senegalese French Colonial army. The 93 Division’s 369 regiment, nicknamed the Harlem Hellfighters , fought so gallantly, with a total of 191 days on the front lines, longer than any AEF regiment, that France awarded them the Croix de Guerre for their heroism. More than 350,000 African American soldiers would serve in World War I in various capacities.

Toward Armistice

By the fall of 1918, the Central Powers were unraveling on all fronts.

Despite the Turkish victory at Gallipoli, later defeats by invading forces and an Arab revolt that destroyed the Ottoman economy and devastated its land, and the Turks signed a treaty with the Allies in late October 1918.

Austria-Hungary, dissolving from within due to growing nationalist movements among its diverse population, reached an armistice on November 4. Facing dwindling resources on the battlefield, discontent on the homefront and the surrender of its allies, Germany was finally forced to seek an armistice on November 11, 1918, ending World War I.

Treaty of Versailles

At the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, Allied leaders stated their desire to build a post-war world that would safeguard itself against future conflicts of such a devastating scale.

Some hopeful participants had even begun calling World War I “the War to End All Wars.” But the Treaty of Versailles , signed on June 28, 1919, would not achieve that lofty goal.

Saddled with war guilt, heavy reparations and denied entrance into the League of Nations , Germany felt tricked into signing the treaty, having believed any peace would be a “peace without victory,” as put forward by President Wilson in his famous Fourteen Points speech of January 1918.

As the years passed, hatred of the Versailles treaty and its authors settled into a smoldering resentment in Germany that would, two decades later, be counted among the causes of World War II .

World War I Casualties

World War I took the lives of more than 9 million soldiers; 21 million more were wounded. Civilian casualties numbered close to 10 million. The two nations most affected were Germany and France, each of which sent some 80 percent of their male populations between the ages of 15 and 49 into battle.

The political disruption surrounding World War I also contributed to the fall of four venerable imperial dynasties: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia and Turkey.

Legacy of World War I

World War I brought about massive social upheaval, as millions of women entered the workforce to replace men who went to war and those who never came back. The first global war also helped to spread one of the world’s deadliest global pandemics, the Spanish flu epidemic of 1918, which killed an estimated 20 to 50 million people.

World War I has also been referred to as “the first modern war.” Many of the technologies now associated with military conflict—machine guns, tanks , aerial combat and radio communications—were introduced on a massive scale during World War I.

The severe effects that chemical weapons such as mustard gas and phosgene had on soldiers and civilians during World War I galvanized public and military attitudes against their continued use. The Geneva Convention agreements, signed in 1925, restricted the use of chemical and biological agents in warfare and remain in effect today.

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World War 1 Presentation

Transcript: After many years of fighting, the British Navy blockaded Germany. Because of this, Germans unleashed their submarines, called U Boats, and destroyed British ships. Then they destroyed a British passenger ship, killing 128 Americans. Soon after, Britain intercepted a German message to the German ambassador in Mexico. The Western Front was the line of trenches that were defending France from German assault. The Western front was an important front during World War 1 because it was the only thing protecting France. Winning the War Following the signing of the Treaty of Versailles Germany's territory decreased a lot. This and many other reasons caused the Nazis to come to power and start World War 2. Soon after Germany declared war on Russia, Germany invaded Belgium. After that, Britain and Italy declared war on Germany. Soon it was the Central-Powers vs The Allies. The Central powers were Germany and Austria-Hungary. The allies were Britain, Italy, Serbia, and the Soviet Union [Russia]. The United States did not join the allies until April 6, 1917. The allies embraced the help of hundreds of American soldiers landing in Europe. This really turned the tide of the war for the allies. After Napolean's defeat, Europe endured a long period of peace. But tensions accord in certain countries. These tensions were... After many years of war, the Central Powers started peace talks. On November 11, 1918 the Central Powers and the Allies signed the Treaty of Versailles. The Western Front Here is a video taken at the First Battle of Somme. Sorry it is in Lego. The real life films were really cruddy. By: Tyler Ford WAR!!! Tensions In Europe Sparks Fly in Austria One of these tensions were nationalism. Many people had a strong feeling of nationalism about there countries. Nationalism means that people have a strong feeling about there country. After the Serbs in Austria-Hungary declared their independance, the archduke Franz Ferdinand of the Austria-Hungary throne and his wife were shot and killed by a Serb. Soon after, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. After that, Russia, Serbia's ally, declared war on Austria-Hungary. In return Germany declared war on Russia. This is a Rifle used in World War 1 Militaryism The End Horrors of the War The War Ends WORLD WAR 1 America Enters the War The letter to Mexico stated that if Mexico allied itself to Germany, it would regain lost land in Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. This angered President Woodrow Willson, and after the sinking of 4 American merchant ships, he asked the Congress for a declaration of war. America had entered the war. Before World War 1, many countries wanted empires. So they raced to set up colonies in Africa and Asia. Soon, Europe was building up its army and started making alliances. An alliance is an agreement between to countries to help each other during war. Militaryism is when countries build up their military. I hope liked my Prezi on World War 1. Nationalism Germany Loses It The German Letter to Mexico

Transcript: Economically and Politically Unstable Germany: Rising to power in an economically and politically unstable Germany, Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist (Nazi Party) rearmed the nation and signed strategic treaties with Italy and Japan to further his ambitions of world domination. World War II begins. President Wilson received strong support when he announced a policy of "Neutrality". He urged all Americans to be "neutral in fact as well as in name, to be impartial in thought as well in action". Wilson hoped that the United States would be able to negotiate a settlement to the conflict. He pursued this goal throughout 1915 and 1916, but without success. The U.S. remained neutral in action, but few of its citizens were impartial in thought. Some 28 million Americans...this was nearly 30 percent of the population were either immigrants or the children of immigrants. Some Americans of Austrian, German, Hungarian or Turkish backgrounds sympathized with the Central Powers. Many more backed the Allies because of common language and culture which bound us back to Great Britain. World War I Pilot Aces Manfred von Richthofen (German Red Baron) Edward "Eddie" Rickenbacker (American) Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism and Imperialism Surrender, Reparations and Psychological Effects Germany (1917): The Germans surrendered and signed the "Treaty of Versailles" in Paris. This document had a clause in it "War Guilt Clause", which spelled out that Germany took all of the blame for the war and would pay for all damages to property in the form of "Reparations". Psychological Effects: Psychological effects after the war did not stop with the signing with the "Treaty of Versailles". Political, Cultural, and Social Order Strategies of Germany's Military Austria-Hungary quickly declare war on Serbia. Germany immediately offered its support from Kaiser Wilhelm II Ruler of Germany. Russia, with a large Slav population of its own , was compelled to honor its alliance with Serbia. The Allied Powers of Britain, France and Russia were up against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria. Italy remained neutral until 1915, the U.S. until 1917 both joined the Allied Powers. Eventually some 30 nations took sides in what became know as the "Great War". Mustard Gas (Poison) Submarines Gas Masks British Tank Trench Warfare Twentieth Century World History Causes of World War l Militarism: The mindset of relying on ones military power and being prepared for aggressive attacks. Having a standing army, navy, for the purposes of defending the nation/country from invaders....Mobilization. Alliances: These alliances were made in attempt to protect themselves from invasion by hostile countries or groups. Examples are: "Triple Entente Countries" Britain, France, Russia "Triple Alliance Countries" Austria-Hungry, Germany, Italy Nationalism: This led to increase competition between the nations of Europe. Imperialism: Which led to resentment amongst smaller European countries References United States Enters the War in Europe April 6, 1917. For these reasons: RMS Lusitania: On May 7, 191 less than a year after World War I (1914-1918) erupted across Europe, a German U-Boat torpedoed and sank the RMS Lusitania, a British ocean liner en route from New York to Liverpool, England. A civilian passenger liner with 1900 passengers and crew perished with over 1,100 civilians/crew including amongst the dead were 128 Americans. Zimmerman Note: A secret telegram sent on January 16, 1917, by German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmerman to Count Johann Von Bernstorf, the German Ambassador to the U.S. In it Zimmerman, said that in the event of war with the U.S., Mexico should be asked to enter the war as a German ally, in turn Germany promised to re-patriot to Mexico the lost territories of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona. British intelligence intercepted and deciphered the telegram and sent it to President Wilson, who released it on March 1, 1917 to the press. These two events led to the turn of U.S. public opinion against Germany during WWI, and strengthened the advocates of U.S. entry into the war. War was declared by the Senate on April 4, 1917. and the House two days later. www.history.com.lusitnia United States Home Front Prior to World War I and During the War War Reaches a Stalemate World War 1 World War I/Video-History.com www.history.com/topics/world-wari/videos Updated: Feb 26, 2010. World War I-History.com Articles, Videos, Pictures and Facts www.history.com/topics/world-war-i The Causes and Effects of World War I www.essaypedia.com [PDF] WWI: Causes and Effect - University of South Carolina Libraries library.sc.edu/blogs/academy/files/.../WWI-Cause-and-Effect-7-5.11. pdf‎The Great War . Educational Resources . Lesson Plan 1 | PBS www.pbs.org/greatwar/resources/lesson1.html Findley, C.V. & Rothney, J.A. (2011). Twentieth-century world. (7th ed.), Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc., New York, NY. Franz Joseph June 1914-

world war 1 presentation

Transcript: World war 1 jwan al horani The First World War left nine million soldiers dead and 21 million wounded, with Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary, France and Great Britain each losing nearly a million or more lives. In addition, at least five million civilians died from disease, starvation, or exposure. The black day of Germany AUGUST 8, 1918: “THE BLACK DAY OF THE GERMAN ARMY” ... The Battle of Amiens from August 8-12, 1918, was a decisive Allied victory, crushing the German Second Army under the mighty hammer blows of the British Fourth, Third, and First Armies The Germans were not expecting the Canadians to attack.

Transcript: We have news that the Archduke Ferdinand and his wife have been assassinated on June 28, 1914. This assassination has seemed to been blamed on the Serbian Government. Later on that day Gavrillo Princip was arrested for being responsible for the assassination. (The Gaurdian) During the Great War Italy was very humiliated. Italy seemed to loose a lot of money from the war and had only been in war for three years. The war cost more than 50 years worth of spending from the government, were also suffering a high unemployement rate.Italy didnt take this as a problem because they thought that they were going to get a good reward resulting from the win at Versailles, but believed wrong and were ignored. "Italy and World War One". HistoryLearningSite.co.uk. 2014. Web. In the war there was a lot of new technology used such as: Gas attacks, New Rifles, Machine Guns, and etc. During the war there were pits in the ground called trenches where soldiers would stay in until it was time to fight. They would often fight from inside the trenches for protection. The Allies used 4 different types of trenches. A firing trench, communication trench, support trench, and a reserve trench. These trenches were used for sending messages, producing supplies, attacking, others and also emergency appliances. Another way that was used to fight was a gas attack. A gas attack was when a poisones gas was released to kill the opposing soldiers and the side that released the gas would put on gas mask to avoid being affected by the gas. Gas Attacks were very affective in the war and of course very deadly. http://ncpedia.org/wwi-technology-and-weapons-war http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/chapters/ch1_trench.html Incidents of American Involvement Safe World - "For the Rights of Nations great and small and the privilage of men everywhere to choose their way of life and obedience. The world must be made safe for Democracy," this is a quote said by President Wilson in a speach he gave. President Wilson had to make a great decision on going into war. Making this decision wasn't easy, but was very powerful. http://teachingamericanhistory.org/past-programs/hfotw/120401-2/ American Expeditionary Force - These were Armed Forces sent to Europe by the command of the General to help fight in the war. Battles American Soldiers were Involved In - Battles of The Somme, Battle of Belleau Wood were two battles in the World War that involded the United States. World War 1 finally came to an end on November 11, 1918 at 11:00 pm. The war ended to a ceasefire called by the Germans and the signing of an armistice between the Allies. These meant that a truce was declared by all parties. Another form of peace made was the Treaty of Versailles which was signed five years after the death of Archduke Ferdinand, and to finally conclude the war the League of Nations was created. The League of Nations was created to make sure that war never broke out again. Lafayette Escadrille - Started April of 1916, and was the most famous form of sympathy shown by the Americans. 38 American Pilots took down 57 German planes in 20 months. http://acepilots.com/wwi/lafayette.html Lusitania Sinks - German ship shoots a torpedo and sinks the Lusitania. This was a ship only for vacations with nearly 2,000 members aboard. German thought the ship was full of Ammo to attack them. This caused America to go into war. http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/lusitania Zimmerman Note - This was a not that proposed to Mexico from German Empire offering military alliance, because of the United States joining the war against Germany. $1.25 Thursday, May 14, 2015 End Of Presentation The Battle of Cambrai - This battle began in 1917, with the Britains and Germans. The Britains had a secret weapon (which were tanks) to breach German lines and farther through. The Battles of the Marne - This battle began in 1914 and ended in 1918. The French stopped Germany from passing through Belgium and Northern France. After Fours years of fight Germany was in the same spot they started in. The Battles of Ypres - This battle turned out to have several dead men on both sides of the fight by the end. About 250,000 men were lost during this battle. Many men drowned in liquid mud from the weather throught that year http://www.home.zonnet.nl/rene.brouwer/majorbattles.htm Incidents of American Involvement World War 1 Battles In Europe Assassinations and Change Harlem Hell Fighters - These African American Soldiers fought for our country and spent the most time in combat were very brave. These heroes faced racism and segregation when returning home from war, despite how long and hard they fought for the United States. http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/world-war-i-history/videos/the-harlem-hellfighters Eddie Rickenbacker - Eddie Rickenbacker was an American Ace that fought in the war obtaining 26 aeriel victories and also a Medal of Honor Recipient. Before joining the U.S Army he was a worlds best race car driver and soon

Presentation-----World War 1

Transcript: June 5, 1944 I wish we could have electric light and heat in the countryside. money you could cash my war bonds anything you want to. 1. Does the Great Depression affect your family's life? 5. What do you expect to change about lives in the countryside? I just took a shower and it feels so good. Everyone is writing a letter to their home, because Commander Shepard just told us that we will have a fight tomorrow. The Great Depression changed the life of my family. In the countryside, families don't have heat, light or indoor bathrooms like people who lived in town. Many farm families raised most of their own food – eggs and chickens, milk and beef from their own cows, and vegetables from their gardens. No one had any money, we were all in the same boat. life is hard. but at least, I can still feed my family. 2. How about your farms? Thank you! Neighbors helped each other through hard times, sickness, and accidents. Farm families got together with neighbors at school programs, church dinners, or dances. Children and adults found ways to have fun for free – playing board games, listening to the radio, or going to outdoor movies in town. We make our own food. 4. What does people do to get through those hard times? Some people lost hope and moved away. Many young men took government jobs building roads and bridges. They went to the cities to look for a job, but the situation is the same. The Great Depression messed up everything. Soldier Diary D-DAY No.88 Nick's road, Nickmondhill N8I C8K Canada I have to make this letter short, the postman is waiting for us. Tomorrow is gonna rain. Hope it's not a heavy rain The attack is on tomorrow morning. I heard of that there will be over 200 thousands allied soldiers with us. The beginning of the Great Depression The View From the Farms & Letter home from a Canadian soldier. Letter home from a Canadian soldier We will win this damn war and I promised that I will be back home soon. Sorry Mom, I gotta go. The commander is calling to us. Take care of yourselves and my young brother. I've never seen him once since he was born. One of your loving sons , David 1930's Dear Mom: I just want to tell you that I'm fine. Hope you and Dad are in the best of health, too. How's everything going in the home? Does my young brother study hard in the school? Thinking/Inquiry Kerosene lamp Better situation We will board on some ships and go to the Normandy Beach. Everything is gonna be fine. Don't worry about me and don't forget if you ever need http://livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe30s/life_08.html The View From the Farms Weather is terrible in 1930's. The dryness, heat, and grasshoppers destroyed the crops, farmers were left with no money to buy groceries or make farm payments. The most horrible weather is the sand storm. It happens a lot in these years. Some people got "dust pneumonia". We don't have money to go to the hospital and the nearest hospital is in the town. 3. If you can't get money from farming, what did you plan to do? Presentation-----World War II

World war 1 presentation

Transcript: Destinee, G World War 2 Slideshow A Adolf Hitler: Was leader of the Nazi party and leader of Germany during World War 2. Adolf Hitler was responsible for the thousands of deaths throughout World War 2. B Blitzkrieg All mechanized, force concentration of tanks, infantry, artillery, and air power concentrating overwhelming force and rapid speed to break through enemy lines. Used by Germany. Blitzkrieg was also known as "lighting war" C Churchill, Winston A british politician, statesmen, and prime minister known for his leadership of the united kingdom during the second World War 2. Churchill was known as a great leader. D D-Day Major Allie operation, The invasion of nazi occupied Normandy. Many lives were lost, But D-Day was successful. In charge of american troops in the european theater of World war 2. Eisenhower was later elected as a president. Eisenhower, Dwight D E A mechanical device designed to protect a long controllable stream of fire. The flamethrower was very helpful in clearing japanese trenches and for that reason was thought of highly in the U.S Flamethrower F Taken over by the nazis party, Germany led the axis powers in ruthless campaigns. Germany was responsible for starting world war 2. Germany G One of the sites where the atomic bomb was dropped, over 60,000 people were killed when the bomb dropped. Hiroshima H Allied with the axis powers during world was 2, Italy helped Germany throughout the war. Italy I Juno beach was the code, name of one of the five main landing sites of the allied invasion of the coast of Normandy on the D-Day during world war 2. Juno beach was assigned to the canadians during the D-Day invasion. Juno Beach J Were suicide attacks by military aviators from the empire of japan against allied naval vassals in the closing stages of the pacific campaign of world war 2, Designed to destroy as many warships as possible, Kamikaze pilots were often given drugs such as meth. Kamikaze: K Was the name of the program under which the united states of America supplied the United kingdom, the soviet union, China, France and other allied nations with vast amounts of war material between 1941-1945. The lend-Lease program really upset Germany. Lend Lease L A line of concrete fortifications, Tank obstacles, artillery case mates, machine gun post, and other defenses , Which France constructed along its border with Germany and Italy. Maginot Line M An explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either Fission or a combination of fission and fusion. The nuclear bombs killed over 100,000 people total in Japan. Nuclear Weapons N Was the code name for the operation that launched the invasion of German-occupied western Europe during world war 2 by allied forces. Canada, Great Britain, and The U.S all fought together during the operation overload. Operation overload O Paratroopers were usefull, but they were sitting ducks while their in the air. Patatrooper: Paratroopers are soldiers trained in parachuting and generally operate as part of an airbase force P president roosevelt was in attendence in confridence. Quebec confrence: Was a highly secret military confrence heild during world war 11 between the british, Canadian and united states governemnt Q He at first was working with hitler. Stalin: The leader Of the U.S.S.R during world war S He led america though almost the entire war. Roosevelt, Franklin: President of the united stated during world war, R U-Boats were very useful in destroying, full sized enemy vessels. U-Boat; Military submarines operated by germany, Particulary in world war 1 and world war 2. U He learned about the manhattan project after he gained presidency. Truman, Harry S; Took over the presidency after FDR: Passed away T V-Mail, Was short for victory mail V-Mail- Mail delivered between those at home in the united states, and troops serving aboard during world war. V war bonds were frequently in America during this time period, War bonds- Debt securities issued by the gov't for the purpose of financing military operations during times of war.

Transcript: Weapons and new Technology Thank You! Flame throwers was used in war, basically like bombs. But didn't cause a lot of damage. It was made by Richard fielder in 1901. 650/300 was thrown during the first world war 1. "flamethrowers were used effectively against British positions to flush soldiers out of their trenches and into the open. The flamethrower, like poison gas, was a psychologically terrifying weapon, leading to its use by the German Army in more than 300 battles in the war." Flame Throwers DIseaes Soldiers had to face Topic 2 Topic 2 Topic 3 Text Text Picture Picture Topic 4 Topic 4

Transcript: Around 116,000 American were killed They would disguise tanks as water tanks Work cited Differences in foreign policies were to blame, although the immediate cause was the assassination of Austria’s Archduke Ferdinand. The two main sides were the Allies, which included France, Great Britain and Russia; and Germany and Austria-Hungary. "World War 1: Facts and Information." World War 1: Facts and Information. 29 May 2013. Web. 4 Dec. 2015. <http://primaryfacts.com/1645/world-war-1-facts-and-information/>. The canons they used were very loud You could hear them for miles The US was in the war for about 7 months Total of 30 countries were involved By the end of WW1, over 9 million soldiers had been killed, and another 21 million wounded Over a million soldiers were killed in the infamous Battle of the Somme alone, including about 30,000 in just one day. thousands suffered from stress, known as shell-shock Around 11 percent of the population of France was killed or wounded during the war World War 1 began on July 28, 1914 and lasted until November 11, 1918. male tanks had cannons and female tanks had machine guns. World war 1 presentation by: Bryanna cox Many new weapons were invented or first used during World War 1 Big Bertha was the most famous weapon that was used. it was a 48 ton gun capable of firing a shell over 9 miles. On Christmas Eve, 1914, both sides declared an unofficial truce and sang Christmas carols to each other Pigeons and dogs were used during the war Pigeons would bring back messages The dogs were used to carry the messages in capsules Dogs also carried and placed telegraph wires in important areas.

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House Approves $95 Billion Aid Bill for Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan

After months of delay at the hands of a bloc of ultraconservative Republicans, the package drew overwhelming bipartisan support, reflecting broad consensus.

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By Catie Edmondson

Reporting from the Capitol

The House voted resoundingly on Saturday to approve $95 billion in foreign aid for Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan, as Speaker Mike Johnson put his job on the line to advance the long-stalled aid package by marshaling support from mainstream Republicans and Democrats.

In four back-to-back votes, overwhelming bipartisan coalitions of lawmakers approved fresh rounds of funding for the three U.S. allies, as well as another bill meant to sweeten the deal for conservatives that could result in a nationwide ban of TikTok.

The scene on the House floor reflected both the broad support in Congress for continuing to help the Ukrainian military beat back Russia, and the extraordinary political risk taken by Mr. Johnson to defy the anti-interventionist wing of his party who had sought to thwart the measure. Minutes before the vote on assistance for Kyiv, Democrats began to wave small Ukrainian flags on the House floor, as hard-right Republicans jeered.

How the House Voted on Foreign Aid to Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan

Here’s how each member of the House voted on the foreign aid bills.

The legislation includes $60 billion for Kyiv; $26 billion for Israel and humanitarian aid for civilians in conflict zones, including Gaza; and $8 billion for the Indo-Pacific region. It would direct the president to seek repayment from the Ukrainian government of $10 billion in economic assistance, a concept supported by former President Donald J. Trump, who had pushed for any aid to Kyiv to be in the form of a loan. But it also would allow the president to forgive those loans starting in 2026.

It also contained a measure to help pave the way to selling off frozen Russian sovereign assets to help fund the Ukrainian war effort, and a new round of sanctions on Iran. The Senate is expected to pass the legislation as early as Tuesday and send it to President Biden’s desk, capping its tortured journey through Congress.

“Our adversaries are working together to undermine our Western values and demean our democracy,” Representative Michael McCaul, Republican of Texas and the chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee, said Saturday as the House debated the measure. “We cannot be afraid at this moment. We have to do what’s right. Evil is on the march. History is calling and now is the time to act.”

“History will judge us by our actions here today,” he continued. “As we deliberate on this vote, you have to ask yourself this question: ‘Am I Chamberlain or Churchill?’”

The vote was 311 to 112 in favor of the aid to Ukraine, with a majority of Republicans — 112 — voting against it and one, Representative Dan Meuser of Pennsylvania, voting “present.” The House approved assistance to Israel 366 to 58; and to Taiwan 385 to 34, with Representative Rashida Tlaib, Democrat of Michigan, voting “present.” The bill to impose sanctions on Iran and require the sale of TikTok by its Chinese owner or ban the app in the United States passed 360 to 58.

“Today, members of both parties in the House voted to advance our national security interests and send a clear message about the power of American leadership on the world stage,” Mr. Biden said. “At this critical inflection point, they came together to answer history’s call, passing urgently needed national security legislation that I have fought for months to secure.”

Minutes after the vote, President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine thanked lawmakers, singling out Mr. Johnson by name “for the decision that keeps history on the right track.”

“Democracy and freedom will always have global significance and will never fail as long as America helps to protect it,” he wrote on social media. “The vital U.S. aid bill passed today by the House will keep the war from expanding, save thousands and thousands of lives, and help both of our nations to become stronger.”

Outside the Capitol, a jubilant crowd waved Ukrainian flags and chanted, “Thank you U.S.A.” as exiting lawmakers gave them a thumbs-up and waved smaller flags of their own.

For months, it had been uncertain whether Congress would approve new funding for Ukraine, even as momentum shifted in Moscow’s favor. That prompted a wave of anxiety in Kyiv and in Europe that the United States, the single biggest provider of military aid to Ukraine, would turn its back on the young democracy.

And it raised questions about whether the political turmoil that has roiled the United States had effectively destroyed what has long been a strong bipartisan consensus in favor of projecting American values around the world. The last time the Congress approved a major tranche of funding to Ukraine was in 2022, before Republicans took control of the House.

With an “America First” sentiment gripping the party’s voter base, led by Mr. Trump, Republicans dug in last year against another aid package for Kyiv, saying the matter should not even be considered unless Mr. Biden agreed to stringent anti-immigration measures. When Senate Democrats agreed earlier this year to legislation that paired the aid with stiffer border enforcement provisions, Mr. Trump denounced it and Republicans rejected it out of hand.

But after the Senate passed its own $95 billion emergency aid legislation for Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan without any immigration measures, Mr. Johnson began — first privately, then loudly — telling allies that he would ensure the U.S. would send aid to Kyiv.

In the end, even in the face of an ouster threat from ultraconservative members, he circumvented the hard-line contingent of lawmakers that once was his political home and relied on Democrats to push the measure through. It was a remarkable turnabout for a right-wing lawmaker who voted repeatedly against aid to Ukraine as a rank-and-file member, and as recently as a couple of months ago declared he would never allow the matter to come to a vote until his party’s border demands were met.

In the days leading up to the vote, Mr. Johnson began forcefully making the case that it was Congress’s role to help Ukraine fend off the advances of an authoritarian. Warning that Russian forces could march through the Baltics and Poland if Ukraine falls, Mr. Johnson said he had made the decision to advance aid to Kyiv because he “would rather send bullets to Ukraine than American boys.”

“I think this is an important moment and important opportunity to make that decision,” Mr. Johnson told reporters at the Capitol after the votes. “I think we did our work here and I think history will judge it well.”

Mr. Johnson structured the measures, which were sent to the Senate as one bill, to capture different coalitions of support without allowing opposition to any one element to defeat the whole thing.

“I’m going to allow an opportunity for every single member of the House to vote their conscience and their will,” he had said.

In a nod to right-wing demands, Mr. Johnson allowed a vote just before the foreign aid bills on a stringent border enforcement measure, but it was defeated after failing to reach the two-thirds majority needed for passage. And the speaker refused to link the immigration bill to the foreign aid package, knowing that would effectively kill the spending plan.

His decision to advance the package infuriated the ultraconservatives in his conference who accused Mr. Johnson of reneging on his promise not to allow a vote on foreign aid without first securing sweeping policy concessions on the southern border. It prompted two Republicans, Representatives Thomas Massie of Kentucky and Paul Gosar of Arizona to join a bid by Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene of Georgia to oust Mr. Johnson from the top job.

Ms. Greene claimed the Ukraine aid bill supported “a business model built on blood and murder and war in foreign countries.”

“We should be funding to build up our weapons and ammunition, not to send it over to foreign countries,” she said before her proposal to zero out the money for Kyiv failed on a vote of 351 to 71.

Much of the funding for Ukraine is earmarked to replenish U.S. stockpiles after shipping supplies to Kyiv.

Since Russia’s invasion in 2022, Congress has appropriated $113 billion in funding to support Ukraine’s war effort. $75 billion was directly allocated to the country for humanitarian, financial and military support, and another $38 billion in security assistance-related funding was spent largely in the United States, according to the Institute for Study of War , a Washington-based research group.

Hard-right Republican opposition to the legislation — both on the House floor and in the critical Rules panel — forced Mr. Johnson to rely on Democrats to push the legislation across the finish line.

“If Ukraine does not receive this support that it requires to defeat Russia’s outrageous assault on its sovereign territory, the legacy of this Congress will be the appeasement of a dictator, the destruction of an allied nation and a fractured Europe,” said Representative Rosa DeLauro of Connecticut, the top Democrat on the Appropriations Committee. “Gone will be our credibility, in the eyes of our allies and of our adversaries. And gone will be the America that promised to stand up for freedom, democracy, and human rights, wherever they are threatened or wherever they are under attack.”

Thirty-seven liberal Democrats opposed the $26 billion aid package for Israel because the legislation placed no conditions on how Israel could use American funding, as the death toll in Gaza has reached more than 33,000 and the threat of famine looms. That showed a notable dent in the longstanding ironclad bipartisan backing for Israel in Congress, but was a relatively small bloc of opposition given that left-wing lawmakers had pressed for a large “no” vote on the bill to send a message to Mr. Biden about the depth of opposition within his political coalition to his backing for Israel’s tactics in the war.

“Sending more weapons to the Netanyahu government will make the U.S. even more responsible for atrocities and the horrific humanitarian crisis in Gaza which is now in a season of famine,” said Representative Jonathan L. Jackson, Democrat of Illinois.

Carl Hulse , Annie Karni , and Kayla Guo contributed reporting from Washington and Marc Santora from Kyiv.

Catie Edmondson covers Congress for The Times. More about Catie Edmondson