argumentative words for essays

Type Of Academic Writing:  A Guide for Every Student

Think of academic writing like a large toolbox with different tools, each meant for a specific task. Just like you wouldn’t use a hammer to fix a leaky faucet, you don’t use the same writing style for every academic task. Whether you’re a high school student, a college undergrad, or a graduate researcher, understanding the type of academic writing can make a world of difference in your studies. So, let’s dive into this toolbox and explore the various writing styles you’ll encounter on your academic journey.

What Is Academic Writing And Examples?

Table of Contents

Academic writing is a fancy way of writing that’s used in schools and colleges. Its goal is to share information and ideas clearly and neatly. It’s common in schools, colleges, universities, and academic research. Here are some examples of academic writing:

• Research Papers: Detailed studies on specific topics, presenting findings and analysis.
• Essays: Structured pieces of writing with a clear thesis statement and supporting evidence.
• Literature Reviews: Summaries and evaluations of existing research on a particular topic.
• Case Studies: In-depth examinations of a specific situation or individual, often in psychology or sociology.
• Theses and Dissertations: Extensive research projects culminating in a formal document for advanced degrees.
• Reports: Formal documents presenting facts, analyses, and recommendations.
• Annotated Bibliographies: Lists of sources with brief summaries and evaluations.
• Lab Reports: Documents detailing scientific experiments and their results.

Each of these examples follows specific conventions of academic writing, such as citing sources, using formal language, and adhering to a particular structure.

What Are The 4 Main Types Of Academic Writing?

Descriptive writing, what is it.

Descriptive writing paints a vivid picture with words. Its goal is to describe a person, place, event, or object in detail, allowing readers to visualize it in their minds.

Characteristics

• Rich in sensory details: Descriptive writing appeals to the senses—sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell.
• Use of vivid language: It employs colorful adjectives and adverbs to create a clear image.
• Objective observation: Descriptive writing sticks to the facts without interpretation.
• Scientific Observations: Think of a biologist describing the behavior of ants in intricate detail.
• Literary Analysis: When an English student dissects the imagery in a poem, that’s descriptive writing in action.

Analytical Writing

Analytical writing involves breaking down complex ideas into smaller parts to understand them better. It’s about examining something closely and drawing connections.

• Critical thinking: Analytical writing requires you to analyze, evaluate, and interpret information.
• Comparison and contrast: Often involves comparing multiple viewpoints or pieces of literature.
• Logical structure: Ideas are presented in a logical sequence with supporting evidence.
• Critical Reviews: Movie critics use analytical writing to assess films, discussing what worked and what didn’t.
• Comparative Essays: Comparing two historical events or two theories in psychology falls under analytical writing.

Persuasive Writing

Persuasive writing aims to convince readers of a particular viewpoint or idea. It’s about presenting arguments and supporting them with evidence.

• Clear thesis statement: The writer states their position early on.
• Appeals to emotions and logic: Persuasive writing uses both emotional and logical appeals to sway the reader.
• Counter Arguments addressed: Acknowledges opposing views and refutes them.
• Argumentative Essays: These essays argue a specific point, such as the importance of recycling or the benefits of a vegan diet.
• Position Papers: When a politician writes a paper advocating for a new law, that’s persuasive writing in action.

Expository Writing

Expository writing is all about explaining and informing. It’s like being a tour guide for your reader, leading them through a topic step by step.

• Clarity and conciseness: Expository writing is straightforward and to the point.
• Research-based: Relies on credible sources to support the information presented.
• Instructional tone: Often includes “how-to” guides or explanations of processes.
• Research Papers: When a scientist explains their findings and their implications, that’s expository writing.
• How-to Guides: Cooking recipes, DIY instructions, and academic guides on formatting papers are all examples of expository writing.

Narrative Writing

Narrative writing tells a story. It can be personal, fictional, or based on real events, but its essence lies in engaging the reader in a narrative arc.

• Characters and plot: Narrative writing involves characters with goals and obstacles.
• Chronological structure: Stories are often told in sequence, from beginning to end.
• Descriptive elements: Like descriptive writing, narratives use vivid details to immerse the reader.
• Personal Essays: Reflective pieces where the writer shares a personal experience and its significance.
• Case Studies: In fields like psychology and sociology, researchers use narrative writing to present detailed case studies of individuals.

What Are The 6 Common Problems In Academic Writing?

In academic writing, several common problems can arise, leading to challenges in clarity, coherence, and overall effectiveness of the work. Here are six common problems encountered in academic writing:

• Lack of Clarity and Precision
• Issue: Unclear or vague writing can confuse readers and weaken the argument.
• Solution: Define terms, use specific examples, and ensure each sentence contributes to the main point.
• Poor Organization and Structure
• Issue: Disorganized writing makes it difficult for readers to follow the flow of ideas.
• Solution: Use clear introductions, topic sentences, and transitions between paragraphs to create a logical structure.
• Weak Thesis Statements
• Issue: A weak thesis can result in a lack of focus and direction in the paper.
• Solution: Craft a strong, clear thesis that presents the main argument or purpose of the paper.
• Issue: Using someone else’s ideas, words, or work without proper citation.
• Solution: Always give credit to sources through proper citation and paraphrasing, and understand when to quote directly.
• Inadequate Research
• Issue: Insufficient or unreliable sources can weaken the credibility of the work.
• Solution: Conduct thorough research using credible sources and critically evaluate the information.
• Grammar and Punctuation Errors
• Issue: Mistakes in grammar, punctuation, and spelling can distract from the message.
• Solution: Proofread carefully, use grammar guides, and consider seeking feedback from peers or instructors.

What Is The Best Way To Learn Academic Writing?

Learning academic writing is a skill that improves with practice and guidance. Here are some steps to help you master academic writing:

• Understand the Basics
• Familiarize yourself with the different types of academic writing: descriptive, analytical, persuasive, expository, and narrative.
• Learn about academic style guides (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago) for formatting, citations, and references.
• Read Academic Writing
• Read widely in your field of study to understand the style and structure of academic writing.
• Analyze how successful academic writers present their arguments, use evidence, and structure their work.
• Practice Regularly
• Start with simple exercises, such as summarizing articles or writing short essays.
• Gradually tackle more complex tasks, such as research papers or critical analyses.
• Seek Feedback
• Share your writing with peers, professors, or writing centers for constructive feedback.
• Use feedback to identify areas for improvement and refine your skills.
• Master Citations and References
• Learn how to properly cite sources according to the style guide used in your discipline.
• Understand the differences between paraphrasing, summarizing, and quoting sources.
• Focus on Clarity and Coherence
• Ensure your writing is clear, concise, and logically organized.
• Use topic sentences, transitions, and signposts to guide the reader through your argument.
• Edit and Revise
• Edit for grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors.
• Revise for clarity, coherence, and strengthening of arguments.
• Utilize Writing Resources
• Take advantage of writing workshops, online resources, and style guides.
• Consider using writing software or apps to help with grammar checking and organization.
• Stay Persistent and Patient
• Academic writing is a skill that takes time to develop.
• Don’t get discouraged by challenges; view them as opportunities to improve.
• Immerse Yourself in Academic Discourse
• Engage in discussions, seminars, and conferences related to your field.
• Participate in writing groups or forums where you can discuss and learn from others.

Conclusion: Type Of Academic Writing

Understanding the type of academic writing is like having a versatile set of tools in your writing toolbox. Whether you’re crafting a research paper, arguing a point, or telling a story, choosing the right style enhances your message. So, next time you’re faced with an academic task, consider which tool—descriptive, analytical, persuasive, expository, or narrative—best suits the job. Happy writing!

In this journey through the world of academic writing, we’ve explored the purpose, characteristics, and examples of each type. Armed with this knowledge, you’re better equipped to tackle various assignments with confidence. Remember, the key to mastery is practice, so don’t hesitate to experiment with these styles in your own writing. Here’s to your success in the diverse landscape of academic writing!

Related Posts

Step by Step Guide on The Best Way to Finance Car

The Best Way on How to Get Fund For Business to Grow it Efficiently

Leave a comment cancel reply.

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Calculate for all schools

Your chance of acceptance, your chancing factors, extracurriculars, what are some interesting persuasive essay topics.

Hey everybody! I need to write a persuasive essay for my English class, and I'm looking for some fresh ideas that I'd be passionate about. I'd like it to be related to current issues or something impactful. Any suggestions are greatly appreciated!

Hello! It's always exciting to write a persuasive essay on a topic you're passionate about. Since you're interested in current issues and impactful topics, here are a few ideas to consider:

1. Climate Change: Argue for the importance of global cooperation to mitigate the effects of climate change, or discuss the necessity of transitioning to renewable energy sources.

2. Mental Health Awareness: Advocate for better mental health support in schools or workplaces, or tackle the stigma surrounding mental health disorders and the need for increased public understanding.

3. Criminal Justice Reform: Write about the need to address issues in the criminal justice system, such as mass incarceration, racism, or the use of solitary confinement.

4. Internet Privacy: Argue for stronger data privacy regulations and the responsibility of tech companies and governments to protect people's personal information online.

5. Income Inequality: Discuss the growing income gap and its impact on society, arguing for policies that promote social and economic justice, such as universal basic income or progressive taxation.

6. Artificial Intelligence: Explore the ethical considerations of AI development and its impact on society, advocating for policies that ensure AI is developed responsibly and used to benefit all.

7. Education Inequality: Argue for addressing the disparities in educational opportunities and resources between schools in different socio-economic areas, focusing on the importance of equitable funding or access to quality teaching.

8. Animal Welfare: Advocate for stricter animal welfare regulations in industries like agriculture and cosmetics testing, or argue for the benefits of adopting a more ethical and sustainable approach to our treatment of animals.

9. Gun Control: Discuss the need for stronger gun control policies to reduce the incidence of mass shootings and gun-related crime, focusing on the balance between individual rights and public safety.

Remember to research your chosen topic thoroughly and present well-structured arguments backed up with evidence. Good luck with your persuasive essay!

About CollegeVine’s Expert FAQ

CollegeVine’s Q&A seeks to offer informed perspectives on commonly asked admissions questions. Every answer is refined and validated by our team of admissions experts to ensure it resonates with trusted knowledge in the field.

• About the Firm

Quick Search

Persuasive Writing & Footnote Folly

One of the greatest difficulties in creating good legal writing, particularly effective appellate brief writing, is taking voluminous and complex information and distilling it down to a handful of simple points. It is also one of its greatest delights. There are plenty of tools in a writer’s toolbox to achieve the ultimate goal of succinctness, one of which is use of footnotes.

As Bryan Garner puts it, footnotes are resources and stepping-stones for others who are interested in delving more deeply into a subject. ( The Redbook , 2nd Ed., p. 135.) When used effectively, footnotes briefly and concisely establish the foundation on which a writer has built new ideas and qualified or replaced old ones. In simple terms, a footnote should be nothing more than a reference point.

Despite the intended purpose, writers are often lured into using footnotes to make substantive points. For example, one of the most famous (or infamous) footnotes in American constitutional law is footnote four of  United States v. Carolene Products Company  (1938) 304 U.S. 144, which today serves as the keystone for an entire body of case law dealing with the appropriate level of scrutiny courts should apply to specific legislative enactments. That particular footnote was anything but brief, containing 3 paragraphs, 484 words, and 18 case citations.

There is an inherent risk in misusing footnotes. For instance, though there is no explicit rule forbidding the use of footnotes to advance an argument, case law says otherwise. Take  Alexander v. Exxon Mobil  (2013) 219 Cal.App.4th 1236, 1260, fn. 10, where the Court of Appeal—in beautiful irony—explained  in a footnote  that they had declined to consider an alternative argument because it was raised in a footnote and contained no analysis or discussion. Appellate tit for tat? 

Alexander  cited California Rules of Court, rule 8.204(a)(1)(B), for the requirement that appellate briefs must state each point under a separate heading or subheading summarizing the point, and then support the point by argument and if possible, by citation of authority. If a party has a valid point to make, a footnote is not the appropriate place to make it.

Other courts agree. ( See, e.g., Evans v. CenterStone Development Co.  (2005) 134 Cal.App.4th 151, 160 [“We do not have to consider issues discussed only in a footnote.”];  Roberts v. Lomanto  (2003) 112 Cal.App.4th 1553, 1562 [assertions raised only in a footnote may be properly “disregard[ed]”].)

What it all boils down to is the universal rule that if a point is footnoted rather than raised in the main argument, it is most likely tangential and if not, probably not worthy of deliberate consideration. Accordingly, a court cannot be faulted for disregarding it.

To avoid the perils that lie with improperly using footnotes, brief writers should raise their arguments in the body of the text, and reserve their footnotes for their intended use. While another use can arguably include housekeeping footnotes as reminders of procedural developments, what most assuredly does not belong down below is substantive argument. And while there are exceptions to every rule, deployment of argument by way of footnote had better be, well, exceptional.

For More Information, Please Contact:

Recent Appellate Insight Posts

Post-Trial Motions and Time to Appeal

Thank You For Being A Friend

Appeals from Summary Judgment Denial

• Phone: +91 8466016171
• Whatsapp: +91 8208375580
• Email: contact@leapscholar.com

IELTS Writing Task 2: Most popular 50+ Essay Topics of 2024

• Updated On February 27, 2024
• Published In IELTS Preparation 💻

The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) writing section is a 1-hour test that comprises two questions: task 1 and task 2, which assess your vocabulary, grammar, word count, collocations, and ability to construct complex sentences with moderation and without repetition. 

Table of Contents

To begin, it is pivotal to understand that the IELTS essay topics vary for IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training Tasks. In Task 1 of IELTS Academic, you must write a report on a graph, diagram or chart, whereas, for IELTS General Training Task 1, you must write a letter. Task 2 of the General and Academic modules is essay writing; while the topics for essays in both modules may differ, the essay writing strategy remains the same. 

Examiners use the following criteria to calculate Academic IELTS Writing Task 1 and Task 2 scores: Task Achievement, Task Response, Coherence, Grammatical Range and Accuracy, and Lexical Resource.

IELTS Writing Task 2 for Academic

The IELTS Academic Writing section consists of two tasks that must be completed in one hour: 

Writing Task 1

In Task 1, you are assigned a graph, visual information, table or chart, which you are required to describe in your own words. You must write a report in 150 words, accurately describing what the information in the graph or picture represents. The IELTS writing task 1 marking criteria accounts for 33% of the total IELTS writing evaluation score, and you should try to finish this part in 20 minutes or less because IELTS writing task 2 is more difficult and will take at least 40 minutes to complete.

Crack IELTS Exam in first attempt

Attend Leap’s free masterclass to get tips, tricks and advance strategies to crack IELTS exam in first attempt

Writing Task 2

 IELTS writing task 2 marking criteria has a 66% weightage, where you must complete a 250-word essay in 40 minutes. Candidates must respond to a problem, a point of view, or an argument in this task, with a curated response. The essay’s content should be written with perfect grammar and focused solely on the topic. As task 2 holds more weight, candidates should devote significant time to it and ensure a properly curated essay for a good band score. 

Let us now review some fundamentals of IELTS essay structure that you can apply to this task. A typical writing piece includes an introduction, the main body consisting of a few paragraphs, and a conclusion. In the introduction, you should write the context of your issue and a thesis statement representing the main idea of your text.

The central section of your essay will discuss various facts and arguments that support or oppose the thesis statement. Finally, restate the thesis statement, bolstering it with new details from the main body. 

Here’s a list of the latest IELTS essay topics and sample questions to help you efficiently prepare for task 2 of the IELTS Writing section.

Latest IELTS Essay Topics for 202 4

IELTS essay writing topics are usually based on current events and world affairs. You will find a series of essay writing topics for IELTS in the following listicles. Also, one of the most effective ways to prepare for answering essays in the Writing section of IELTS is to work on the sample essay questions. The topic categories and essay writing samples to help students looking for the latest IELTS essay topics are stated below:

Environment

• Environmental Crisis: One of the most common topics in IELTS is the environment essay IELTS band 9. Many students, however, do not see the need to prepare for this because it is one of the most specific topics resulting in a loss of marks. 

Click here for the Environmental Crisis essay sample and answers for practice.

• Global Warming: It is common for IELTS speaking and writing sections to include questions about broad discussion topics, such as climate change, the greenhouse effect, global warming, and deforestation.

Click here for the Global Warming essay format, sample and answers for practice.

• Sustainable Energy: If you are unfamiliar with the framework and concepts of an essay, it can be a daunting task. All of the sentences must be related and formed in such a way that they provide a clear view and information. You may be penalised if you veer off-topic while writing your essay. Sustainable energy and nuclear power topics are debated topics; hence practising them will give you an edge over your peers. 

Click here for the Sustainable Energy essay structure, sample and answers for practice.

• Fossil Fuels: The IELTS essay topics for writing task 2 are usually based on common themes frequently discussed in the average aspirant’s daily life. One such theme is the use of renewable energy sources in place of nonrenewable resources such as fossil fuels.

Click here for the Fossil Fuels essay sample and answers for practice.

Personality

• Importance of First Impression:  IELTS examiners have a short attention span and read hundreds of essays daily. Hence, it is pivotal for you to get the start right and make a good first impression in your First Impression is Important IELTS essay.

Click here for the Personality essay sample and answers for practice.

• Hobbies: ‘Hobbies’ is a common theme in both the IELTS Writing Task 2 and the Speaking section. This is a simple, mark-fetching topic with few challenges for students taking the exam.

Click here for the Hobbies essay sample and answers for practice.

• Fashion: Fashion is a recurring topic with global themes and one of the best topics to practise your public speaking skills.

Click here for the Fashion essay sample and answers for practice.

• Importance of Leisure Activities and School Values: The IELTS Essay on Education is one of the most challenging tasks, with unpredictable questions in the exam. These education essay topics, like the Importance of leisure activities, are opinion-driven and assess students’ ability to express their knowledge and skills thoughtfully.

Click here for the Education essay sample and answers for practice.

• Government and Society: As an IELTS exam candidate, you should review as many common topics for Writing Task 2 as possible. One such common IELTS test theme is government and society, with which you should be well-acquainted. 

Click here for the Government and Society essay sample and answers for practice.

• Ideal Society: Candidates should practise sample questions and answers for the Ideal Society IELTS essay to gain a firm grasp on writing and vocabulary and improve their overall band score.

Click here for the Ideal Society essay sample and answers for practice.

• Social Media: Social media essays are a popular topic in IELTS writing task 2. For a social media IELTS essay band 9 and similar topics, the most straightforward approach is maintaining the proper word count and being aware of various approaches to the topic.

Click here for the Social Media essay sample and answers for practice.

Business & Global Consumerism

• International Trade: Over the years, one of the topics covered in the IELTS exam has been global business. Your answer for such topics should contain everything; your responses, solutions, arguments, reasons, opinions, and evidence are critical to answering the question.

Click here for the International Trade essay sample and answers for practice.

• Management and Leadership: In any organisation, leadership and management are critical roles. Your essay for such topics should always be pertinent to the question.

Click here for the Management and Leadership essay sample and answers for practice.

• Foreign Languages: Foreign languages and language barriers are recurring themes in the IELTS writing task 2. Express your own opinions on such topics. 

Click here for the Culture essay sample and answers for practice.

• Sports and children: Sport is a recurring theme, and the essay content should not deviate from the main points at any point in the essay.

Click here for the Sports essay sample and answers for practice. Covid 19

• Covid impact: The topics of IELTS Writing task 2 are usually drawn from current events worldwide, making Covid-19 an anticipated topic. 

Click here for the Covid 19 essay sample and answers for practice.

• Obesity: Overweight essays are among the most common topics in IELTS writing task 2. Obesity, recent trends in health among children and adults, and other similar topics may also be discussed in relation to overweight.

Click here for the Health essay sample and answers for practice.

Types of IELTS Essays

IELTS essay writing topics are usually classified under various sections. You can expect essays in the IELTS exam from any of the following types:

Opinion Essays 

In this essay category, you must discuss your opinion on the given topic. Naturally, the best way to score high in such essays is to have prior knowledge of common topics that are popular in the IELTS exam. 

Sample Questions:

• Most teenagers today own a smartphone. Provide your opinion to discuss the advantages and disadvantages.
• Crime novels and TV series have become quite popular in recent years. What is your opinion about these crime dramas?
• Developing nations often require international assistance. Many believe that this assistance should be monetary, while some think practical help and advice would be more beneficial. Discuss both these views along with your opinion.
• Many consider automobiles to be the biggest source of pollution in urban areas, while some believe industries are responsible for it. Explain both views and provide your opinion.
• Many people believe individuals involved with creative arts should be financially supported by the government. Some others believe they should find separate resources. Discuss each of the views and give your opinion.
• Some believe success in life comes from hard work, dedication, and motivation. While many believe success depends on other important factors like money and appearance. Discuss both views and provide your opinion. 
• Many think that governments should fund programs in search of life on other planets. However, others believe governments should focus on unresolved issues on the planet. Provide your opinion and discuss both views.

You can also check out this detailed guide on Opinion Essays to learn the appropriate structure for maximum scores!

Discussion Essays

In the case of discussion essays, the candidates need to put forward an explanation for or against any given topic. Such essays are the most common to appear in the IELTS exam. 

Sample Questions: 

• Many believe living in big cities comes with more advantages than residing in the countryside. Do you agree or disagree with this?
• The shopping habits of people depend more on their age group than on any other factors. Do you agree or disagree with this? 
• More and more children and minors are becoming overweight in developed nations. This is a major problem for most wealthy countries. Explain the causes and impacts of this issue.
• The internet is a great invention that brings a host of advantages for the world population. However, there are several issues in terms of security and control of personal data. Do you agree or disagree with this?
• Advertising prevents originality in people and makes them look the same and do the same. Do you agree or disagree with this?
• Parents today often tend to organise extra classes on weekends or even after school. Do you believe this is at all useful? Or do you think the education provided in school is sufficient?
• Some people believe that capital punishment should be done away with. Do you agree or disagree with this?

We have covered valuable tips & tricks to attempt Discussion Essays that can come in handy in your exam.

Solution Essays

For solution essays, you will have to provide a solution to a particular issue. At times, questions might be provided as to why a specific issue has occurred, and candidates have to provide their opinion on the answer.

• The massive movement of people from agricultural areas to cities in search of employment can lead to serious problems in both places. What are the problems, and how can these be solved? 

Check out our sample question and answer on Solution Essays for a more thorough explanation.

Advantage or Disadvantage Essays

In this type of essay, students have to write about a particular topic’s positive and negative sides. Such essays test your argument construction skills and how well you can use English to communicate your views as clearly and coherently as possible. 

• International tourism has greatly benefited many places. However, there have been major concerns about its impact on the local environment and inhabitants. Do the negative impacts of international tourism outweigh the benefits?
• Some countries have recently passed laws to restrict the daily working hours of employees. Explain whether this will have a positive or negative impact.
• More and more people today are visiting extreme places such as Antarctica or the Sahara desert. What are the advantages or disadvantages of such travels?
• Social media is gradually replacing in-person face-to-face contact with many people worldwide. Do the benefits of social media outweigh the disadvantages? 

Use the sample questions from the Advantage/Disadvantage Essay type to practise your writing skills.

Direct Question Essays

For this type of essay, the topics will be provided as direct questions, which students have to answer based on their experiences and thoughts.

• Shopping used to be a routine domestic task in the past. However, today, it has become more of a hobby. Is this a positive trend?
• You can get more information on these rare essay-type questions on our  Direct question essay structure blog.

Preparation Tips for IELTS Writing Task 2

Many students believe they don’t need to prepare much because they speak English reasonably well. Well, the IELTS exam is not that easy. In fact, even native English speakers may find the test difficult. As a result, candidates should prepare for this section rigorously and methodically and start early preparation.

• Begin your IELTS preparations at least 6 months before your intended test date, and ensure to devote some time daily to all 4 sections.
• Choose writing topics for both tasks, especially writing task 2, and try to write about them daily. Time yourself; remember that you must complete both tasks in one hour.
•  Spend significant time learning new vocabulary and brushing up on your grammatical skills. Following that is structured thinking, allowing you to convey your ideas logically. While writing, pay close attention to lucidity, logic, and clarity.
• You should expand your ideas because the IELTS writing task 2 could cover any topic. Go through all the resources like magazines, books, and online materials to expand your knowledge and vocabulary. Additionally, practice as many mock tests as possible. 

As mentioned above it’s only practice that can get you the desire scores. But along with it you also need the best preparation materials and guidance. And the best solution we suggest is to register for the LeapScholar IELTS courses . Along with live classes from the best IELTS tutors, you’ll also have access to mock tests, speaking and writing evaluations and comprehensive study materials. As a reward you’ll also receive a course completion certificate.

How to Answer Task 2 Essays in IELTS Writing Section?

Students can employ the following steps to successfully enhance their ability to answer essays in the Writing section:

Step 1: Read and Understand the Question

The first step to nailing task 2 essays is to read and understand the question carefully. Most of the time, candidates answer the question without understanding what it demands. Candidates should carefully analyse the question, identify the question type and try to identify the keywords. Finally, they should clearly understand the instructions and then attempt to answer.

Step 2: Plan the Answer

Once students have understood the question, they need to plan the structure of the answer. This will allow candidates to organise their ideas and produce a clear and coherent response. 

Step 3: Write a Solid Introduction

The introduction of the essay should give an idea of what the essay is all about. Make sure to write an appropriate introduction conveying the gist of the essay.

Step 4: Carefully Curate the Main Body

The main body is the essential part of the essay, where you must provide the necessary details. State your points accordingly and substantiate them with explanations, examples, and other relevant data. Once done, you need to give a proper conclusion.

Tips for IELTS Writing Task 2

Candidates can use the following tips to ace their IELTS Writing test:

Although IELTS is a difficult test to master, one can achieve a good score with systematic and consistent preparation. If you require assistance in acing your IELTS Writing Task 1 and 2, our Leap Scholar experts will provide the necessary guidance, tips, and tricks to help you pass your IELTS test with flying colours. If you are planning to prepare for the essay task in the Writing section, you can go through this comprehensive guide to get an idea about the latest IELTS essay topics. You can prepare for the essay task accordingly with the help of sample essay topics and questions provided in the above sections. 

Still unclear about some portions of IELTS, then enrol for IELTS professional coaching. IELTS Prep app by Leap Scholar is a one-stop solution for your study abroad dream. You can access specially crafted lessons by experts accredited by IDP, British Council, and Cambridge. About 1M + students have trusted us with their IELTS prep journey. Join us, download our IELTS prep app and get access to the best resources!

Frequently asked questions

How can you score well in ielts writing task 2.

Ans. IELTS Writing Task 2 mainly has four performance descriptors: Task Response, Cohesion & Coherence , Lexical Resource, and finally Grammatical range and accuracy. The scoring happens on four parameters, so follow these and prepare with the correct books and practice questions.

What are the most popular questions asked in IELTS Writing Task 2?

Ans. The different types of questions in IELTS Writing Task 2 include: Problem/ Causes questions, Opinion questions, Advantage/ Disadvantage questions, Discussion of views, etc.

What are the main themes on which IELTS Writing Task 2 questions are based on?

Ans. Some of the broad themes include Environment, Food, Health, Art, Business, Communication, Crime & Punishment and more. Ideas and topics are taken under these broad themes for question framing.

Is it necessary to use complex words in IELTS Writing section?

Ans. Having a good vocabulary is an added advantage. However, difficult words should not be forcefully put in sentences. Your sentences should be organic and should fit the meaning and the context of your essays.

 How to develop ideas for IELTS Writing Task 2 2024?

 Ans. The easiest ways to generate ideas for IELTS Writing Task 2 are by analyzing model essays, finding ideas on google, talking to experts, watching movies, asking yourself some questions about the topic, generating main ideas from specific examples.

How many mistakes are acceptable in IELTS Writing Task 2?

Ans. Making one or two mistakes is overlooked by the examiner if the overall essay is good. However, making more mistakes than that can lead to lower IELTS band score.

What are the basic topics in IELTS writing task 2?

Some of the common IELTS topics for Writing Task 2 are  Art, Environment, Education, Health, Jobs and Employment, Sport, Science and Technology Friends and Family, Government and Society etc.

Know more about IELTS

Get free speaking practice samples.

• Describe a Skill That you can teach other people
• Describe a Place you Visited Where the Air was Polluted
• Describe a Famous Person that you are Interested in
• Describe a Course That You Want to Learn
• Describe a Person who Solved a Problem in Smart Way
• Describe a Prize That You Received
• Describe a Volunteering Experience You Have Had
• Describe a Piece of Good News
• Describe Something you Taught to Your Friend
• Talk About an Interesting Old Person you Met Recently
• Describe a Dinner you Really Enjoyed
• Describe a Story or Novel That Was Interesting to You
• Describe a Time When you Shared Something with Others
• Describe a Toy you Liked in Childhood
• Describe an Interesting Neighbour
• Describe a Competition You Would Like to Take Part In
• Describe an interesting activity that you remember enjoying most in your Primary School
• Describe Your Childhood Friend
• Describe an Object You Find Particularly Beautiful
• Describe a Place Where you are Able to Relax
• Describe a person you know who likes to talk a lot
• Describe a place where you would like to go to relax
• Describe a period when you were busy
• Describe a long-term goal you would like to achieve
• Describe a situation when you helped someone
• Describe a job you would not like to do in the future
• Describe a time when you used a map
• Describe a skill that you learned in your childhood
• Describe an unusual holiday you had
• Describe an exciting activity that you experienced with someone else
• Describe a person who is good at making people feel welcome in his/her home
• Describe A Time You Successfully Did Something Difficult
• Describe Something in Your Country That You Are Interested In
• Describe a Beautiful City
• Describe something you do regularly that helps you work and study better
• Describe a photo that you took and are proud of
• Describe a party that you enjoyed
• Describe a useful object in your home that you can’t live without
• Describe a good advertisement that you think is useful
• Describe an occasion when someone or something made noise
• Describe a sportsperson that you admire
• Describe something that you picked up that was thrown by someone else
• Describe a time that something changed your life in good ways
• Describe a successful person who you once studied or worked with

Get Free Reading Practice Samples

• William henry perkin reading answers
• Why zoos are good reading answers
• Bioluminescence reading answers
• Classifying societies reading answers
• Artificial artists reading answers
• Jargon reading answers
• The Origins of Laughter Reading Answers
• The Innovation of Grocery Stores Reading Answers
• All About the Otter Reading Answers
• The Triune Brain Reading Answers
• Saving the Soil Reading Answers
• Trans Fatty Acids Reading Answers
• A Disaster of Titanic Proportions Reading Answers
• Why Companies Should Welcome Disorder Reading Answers
• Book Review Reading Answers
• Tea Times Reading Answers
• Why are Finland's Schools Successful Reading Answers
• Intelligence and Giftedness Reading Answers
• Animal Minds Parrot Alex Reading Answers
• Crop Growing Skyscrapers Reading Answers
• Secrets of the Swarm Reading Answers
• Walking with Dinosaurs Reading Answers
• The Development of Travel Under the Ocean Reading Answers
• What's so Funny Reading Answers
• The Culture of Chimpanzee Reading Answers
• Clutter Bugs Beware Reading Answer
• Stepwells Reading Answers
• Glaciers Reading Answers

Get Free Writing Practice Samples

• Advantages and Disadvantages Essay with Sample Answers
• Agree and Disagree Essay with Sample Answers
• Problem Solution Essay Topic with Sample Answers
• Every year several languages die out
• Positive or Negative Development Essay with Sample Answers
• Honesty is the best policy essay
• Online shopping essay
• Environment essay topics
• Prevention is better than cure essay

Get Free Listening Practice Samples

• Family excursions listening answers
• Public library listening answers
• Hiring a public room listening answers
• Notes on social programme listening answers
• Accommodation request form listening answers
• Transport survey listening answers
• Mic house agency repairs listening answers
• Holiday rentals listening answer
• Job enquiry listening answers
• Homestay application listening answers
• Library information listening answers
• Free activities in the burnham area listening answers

IELTS Important Information

• IELTS Exam Date
• IELTS Exam Fee
• IELTS Modules
• IELTS Speaking Practice Test
• IELTS Writing Practice Test
• IELTS Reading Practice Test
• IELTS Listening Practice Test
• IELTS Test Centres
• IELTS Results
• Types of IELTS
• IELTS Pattern
• IELTS Exam Eligibilty
• IELTS Slot Booking
• IELTS Band Score
• IELTS Registration
• IELTS Books
• IELTS Preparation
• IELTS Practice Test
• IELTS Speaking Cue Card
• IELTS Speaking Part 1
• IELTS Writing Task 1
• IELTS Writing Task 2
• Task 1 Pie Chart
• Task 1 Table Chart
• Task 1 Bar Graph
• Task 1 Line Graph
• Task 1 Diagram
• IELTS Computer Based Test
• IELTS Paper Based Test
• IELTS One Skill Retake
• IELTS for UKVI
• IELTS Vocabulary

IELTS Test Centre and Dates in India

• IELTS Test Centre and Dates in Hyderabad
• IELTS Test Centre and Dates in Bangalore
• IELTS Test Centre and Dates in Chennai
• IELTS Test Centre and Dates in Amritsar
• IELTS Centre and Dates in Ludhiana
• IELTS Test Centre and Dates in Mumbai
• IELTS Test Centres and Dates in Ahmedabad
• IELTS Centre and Dates in Delhi
• IELTS Test Centres and Dates in Chandigarh
• IELTS Center and Dates in Pune

Manisha Angre

Experienced IELTS prep trainer and education management industry veteran. Specializes in public speaking, international education, market research, mentoring, and management.

Related Posts

A Guide on Most Common English Words Used in Daily Life

Top IELTS Tips and Tricks For Best IELTS Scores 2024

60+ IELTS Essay Topics 2024: IELTS Writing Task 2 Samples & Tips

Trending now.

Workplace Drama: Persuasive Speech Outline

Introduction.

Topic: An easy-to-implement strategy for avoiding drama and conflict in the workplace.

General purpose: Persuade the audience.

Specific purpose: Convince listeners that workplace drama is not an inevitable disaster and can be easily avoided in five simple steps.

Central idea: Workplace drama should no longer be seen as an inevitable Doomsday, as there is a practical, widely applicable, and easy-to-implement five-step strategy for avoiding it.

Attention-getting sentence: Do you know such fact about the dramas that happen in work settings that, as Carlson (2020) says, “you do have full control over it and can eliminate it at the roots” (para. 3)?

Thesis statement: Here I am to tell you that every drama between employees can be prevented with a simple strategy of five elements.

Preview of main points: Today, I will brief you on five steps anyone can take to de-escalate an already escalating interpersonal confrontation.

Main topic #1: Listing and description of the first and second steps.

• Sub-topic #1: The first step is “not talking about drama with certain people and not allowing it in your life” (Carlson, 2020, para. 4).
• Sub-topic #2: The second step is the creation of personal boundaries for interpersonal dramas (Carlson, 2020).

Main topic #2: Listing and description of the third and fourth steps.

• Sub-topic #1: You should add peaceful things and thoughts to your daily routine, work, and leisure (Carlson, 2020).
• Sub-topic #2: You should leave those relationships and environments that you consider toxic (Carlson, 2020).

Main topic #3: Description of the last fifth step.

• Sub-topic #5: The conclusive stage of this strategy is introspection on the topic of drama (Carlson, 2020).

Restated thesis statement: Workplace drama is not that hard to prevent, especially when there are specific methods for doing so, such as the described strategy.

Recap of main points: Five key steps are noninvolvement, personal boundaries, more peace in life, no toxic things and people, and introspection.

Call to action: If you are fed up with conflicts in your work setting and suffer from colleagues who create and maintain them, use the five-step approach.

Carlson, K. (2020). 5 ironclad steps to remove drama from your life for good . YourTango. Web.

Cite this paper

• Chicago (N-B)
• Chicago (A-D)

StudyCorgi. (2024, April 23). Workplace Drama: Persuasive Speech Outline. https://studycorgi.com/workplace-drama-persuasive-speech-outline/

"Workplace Drama: Persuasive Speech Outline." StudyCorgi , 23 Apr. 2024, studycorgi.com/workplace-drama-persuasive-speech-outline/.

StudyCorgi . (2024) 'Workplace Drama: Persuasive Speech Outline'. 23 April.

1. StudyCorgi . "Workplace Drama: Persuasive Speech Outline." April 23, 2024. https://studycorgi.com/workplace-drama-persuasive-speech-outline/.

Bibliography

StudyCorgi . "Workplace Drama: Persuasive Speech Outline." April 23, 2024. https://studycorgi.com/workplace-drama-persuasive-speech-outline/.

StudyCorgi . 2024. "Workplace Drama: Persuasive Speech Outline." April 23, 2024. https://studycorgi.com/workplace-drama-persuasive-speech-outline/.

This paper, “Workplace Drama: Persuasive Speech Outline”, was written and voluntary submitted to our free essay database by a straight-A student. Please ensure you properly reference the paper if you're using it to write your assignment.

Before publication, the StudyCorgi editorial team proofread and checked the paper to make sure it meets the highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, fact accuracy, copyright issues, and inclusive language. Last updated: April 23, 2024 .

If you are the author of this paper and no longer wish to have it published on StudyCorgi, request the removal . Please use the “ Donate your paper ” form to submit an essay.

• Newsletters

Site search

• Israel-Hamas war
• Home Planet
• 2024 election
• Supreme Court
• Relationships
• Homelessness
• All explainers
• Future Perfect

Filed under:

• Health Care

The Supreme Court will decide if states can ban lifesaving abortions

A federal law requires hospitals to provide abortions when necessary to prevent serious health consequences. The justices could neutralize that law.

Share this story

• Share this on Facebook
• Share this on Twitter
• Share this on Reddit
• Share All sharing options

Share All sharing options for: The Supreme Court will decide if states can ban lifesaving abortions

Moyle v. United States should have been a very easy case.

A federal law, the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA), requires nearly all hospitals to provide “such treatment as may be required to stabilize the medical condition” of “any individual” who arrives at the hospital’s ER with an “emergency medical condition.” Though the law does not specifically mention abortions, EMTALA is written in capacious terms — requiring covered hospitals to perform an emergency abortion when that is the appropriate treatment to resolve a patient’s medical emergency.

And yet, last January, the Supreme Court effectively nullified EMTALA , at least for patients who require abortion . Moyle , which the Court will hear the last full week of April, asks whether this nullification should be made permanent.

The case involves a conflict between the federal law and Idaho’s unusually restrictive anti-abortion statute, which permits physicians to perform an abortion when “ necessary to prevent the death of the pregnant woman ,” but not when a patient’s pregnancy only threatens to disable or seriously harm them.

EMTALA, meanwhile, requires most hospitals to provide whatever care is necessary to stabilize a patient who is at risk of “serious impairment to bodily functions,” “serious dysfunction of any bodily organ or part,” or other nonfatal consequences that are defined as medical emergencies by EMTALA . So, for example, if a patient’s uterus could be destroyed, but she is likely to survive if untreated, EMTALA requires hospitals to perform an abortion if terminating the pregnancy would stabilize the patient’s medical condition.

When federal law conflicts with a state’s law, the Constitution provides that the federal law “ shall be the supreme Law of the Land” — and thus the state law is “preempted.” EMTALA also contains a provision stating that state and local laws must give way “ to the extent that the [state law] directly conflicts with a requirement of this section .”

So, again, Moyle should be an easy case, and a federal district court ruled in 2022 that Idaho’s abortion ban must give way to EMTALA when a pregnant patient has a medical emergency that must be treated with an abortion.

Last January, however, the Supreme Court temporarily blocked this district court’s order, reinstating Idaho’s sweeping abortion ban while the justices ponder the Moyle case. That’s a strong sign that, despite EMTALA’s clear text, the justices could permanently neutralize the federal law’s protections for people who must have an abortion to avoid catastrophic medical consequences. (No justice publicly dissented from this temporary order, but justices sometimes disagree with the Court’s orders but do not note their dissent.)

Moyle is a test of whether these justices will follow the text of a clearly drafted law

EMTALA is a reasonably straightforward statute. It only applies to hospitals with emergency rooms, and only to those hospitals that accept Medicare funds. That’s most hospitals because Medicare provides health coverage to Americans over the age of 65.

The primary purpose of this law is to ensure that hospitals provide emergency medical care to patients who may not be able to pay for it . But the law is also written in expansive terms. It states that “if any individual ... comes to a hospital and the hospital determines that the individual has an emergency medical condition,” the hospital typically must “stabilize the medical condition.” (In limited circumstances, the hospital may transfer the patient to another facility.)

EMTALA also defines the term “emergency medical condition” to include not just life-threatening medical conditions , but also conditions that place a patient’s health in “serious jeopardy” or that threatens serious harm to a patient’s “bodily functions” or “any bodily organ or part.”

Faced with this fairly explicit text, Idaho’s lawyers (and a separate team of lawyers representing the state’s GOP legislature ) offer several arguments to justify leaving its broad abortion ban in place.

One of their main arguments is that EMTALA should be read only to prohibit “ turning away indigent patients with serious medical conditions .” The Justice Department agrees that preventing hospitals from turning away such patients was Congress ’s prime motive when it enacted EMTALA in 1986. But the text of the statute does not support such a narrow reading of its effects.

Both the state’s brief and the state legislature’s brief also lean heavily into a provision of federal Medicare law which provides that EMTALA should not be read “to authorize any Federal officer or employee to exercise any supervision or control over the practice of medicine or the manner in which medical services are provided.” They claim that this provision prevents EMTALA from being read to alter which medical procedures can legally be performed in Idaho.

But this argument also conflicts with the text of federal law. Even if the Court agrees that requiring doctors to perform medically necessary abortions constitutes “supervision or control over the practice of medicine,” the statutory provision Idaho points to only prohibits “any Federal officer or employee” from exercising such supervision.

No federal officer or employee — meaning, a member of the federal executive branch — has decreed that Idaho hospitals must provide emergency abortions. Rather, the Biden administration argues that Congress made this determination when it enacted EMTALA.

The anti-abortion briefs also point to several provisions of the EMTALA statute which require hospitals to offer stabilizing care to a pregnant patient’s “unborn child” if a medical emergency endangers the fetus’s life. They claim that reading the federal law to require emergency abortions would “put it at war with” its provisions protecting fetal life.

But this argument is also at odds with EMTALA’s text. The federal statute provides that a hospital meets its obligations under EMTALA if it “ offers ” a patient medically stabilizing treatment and “informs the individual (or a person acting on the individual’s behalf) of the risks and benefits” of that treatment.

Thus, when a pregnant patient faces a medical emergency that endangers both the patient and their fetus, the hospital’s obligation is to offer treatment that will stabilize both patients. And, in the tragic case where a patient is forced to choose between an abortion, which would stabilize their own condition, or a treatment which would save the fetus but leave the mother at risk, EMTALA requires the hospital to offer both treatments, and inform the patient of the terrible choice they must make.

And then the hospital must honor the patient’s choice, even if the state does not approve of it.

Idaho also wants the Supreme Court to fundamentally alter the balance of power between Congress and the states

Idaho’s two legal teams also make a pair of arguments that seek to weaken Congress in fundamental ways and to place novel new limits on the federal government’s ability to preempt state laws.

The first of these arguments is that EMTALA — or, at least, the Biden administration’s textualist reading of EMTALA — violates something called the “major questions doctrine.”

The major questions doctrine claims that Congress must “speak clearly” if it wishes to give a federal agency the power to decide a question of “vast ‘economic and political significance.’” This doctrine is not mentioned in the Constitution or in any federal law , and appears to have been made up entirely by Republican appointees to the Supreme Court.

Even if you accept this made-up doctrine as legitimate, however, it is not at all clear why it is relevant to the Moyle case. By its own terms, the major questions doctrine only applies when a federal agency claims the authority to decide an important policy question. But no federal agency — meaning, an agency within the Executive Branch — has made any policymaking decision of any kind in Moyle . Rather, the question is whether a law enacted by Congress requires Idaho hospitals to perform emergency abortions.

Idaho, in other words, is arguing that a made-up legal doctrine, which appears in no legal text and that was fabricated entirely by judges, should be read to limit Congress’s ability to decide important policy questions. If the Court agrees, that would be an extraordinary transfer of power from an elected Congress to an unelected judiciary.

The state’s strongest legal argument, meanwhile, turns on the fact that EMTALA’s obligations only apply to hospitals that accept federal Medicare funds.

The Supreme Court has long held that, when Congress spends money, it may impose conditions on the recipients of that money — including on state governments. So, for example, the Court held in South Dakota v. Dole (1987) that Congress may require states that accept federal highway funds to raise their drinking age to 21 (Congress thought that the roads would be safer if there were less underage drinking and driving).

In Moyle, however, the question is whether private hospitals that accept Medicare funds must perform emergency abortions. Idaho claims that, because it has not weighed in on whether to accept that funding, it has not consented to having its own state law overridden by EMTALA. And it argues that such consent is necessary for a federal spending program to override a state law.

Idaho actually does have some legal support for this argument. In Pennhurst State School & Hospital v. Halderman (1981), the Supreme Court said that a state’s decision to accept federal funds is “much in the nature of a contract: in return for federal funds, the States agree to comply with federally imposed conditions.” So that does suggest that a state need not comply with “federally imposed conditions” if it did not “agree to comply” with them.

But the Justice Department also cites many Supreme Court cases holding that Congress preempted a state law when it enacted a federal spending program that does not provide grants to states. Thus, in Coventry Health Care v. Nevils (2017), the Court held that the federal government’s decision to offer its own employees health plans that violate Missouri law preempts that state law. And in Bennett v. Arkansas (1988), the Court held that federal Social Security law overrides an Arkansas law that allowed the state to seize an incarcerated person’s Social Security benefits.

Indeed, as recently as last year, the Court held in Health and Hospital Corporation v. Talevski (2023) that private plaintiffs may sue to enforce provisions of federal Medicaid law that impose obligations on institutions that accept Medicaid funds. Talevski rested on the proposition that conditions attached to federal grant programs are “laws” just like any other federal law, and thus can be enforced using the same mechanism individuals would use to enforce a different law.

So, while Pennhurst offers some legal support for Idaho’s claim that EMTALA cannot modify a state law without the state’s consent, there are myriad cases supporting the opposing proposition. A justice who is determined to deny emergency abortions to patients who need them could rely on Pennhurst to achieve that result, but such a decision risks undermining countless other acts of Congress that override state laws.

The Court’s decision in Moyle is likely to determine whether some women live or die

Theoretically, Idaho’s law permits abortions when necessary to save a patient’s life. Many other states with abortion bans have broader exemptions on the books, which theoretically permit an abortion when a patient faces serious health consequences that may not be life-threatening.

In practice, however, women in many states with strict abortion bans have struggled to obtain lifesaving or otherwise medically necessary care . In one case, a Texas woman with a nonviable pregnancy was told she had to wait to receive an abortion even though her body was discharging blood clots and a strange-smelling yellow liquid , Her doctors eventually agreed to induce labor after her vagina started to emit a dark, foul-smelling fluid.

This happened, moreover, despite the fact that Texas law permits abortions when a patient “has a life-threatening physical condition” or faces a “serious risk of substantial impairment of a major bodily function” that relates to their pregnancy.

Incidents like this are common because many state legal provisions permitting emergency abortions have never been interpreted by any court, or have been interpreted largely by Republican judges who are hostile to abortion. So hospital lawyers often cannot know in advance when their state’s courts will allow doctors to perform an abortion, and doctors who guess wrong risk very serious criminal charges.

If the Supreme Court reads EMTALA to say what it actually says in Moyle , that would relieve some of this uncertainty. It would mean that doctors or patients who cannot obtain a state court order permitting an emergency abortion could also seek such an order from federal court. It would also mean that, over time, a body of case law would develop establishing when federal law entitles someone experiencing a medical emergency to an abortion.

But all of that depends on whether these justices, a majority of whom voted to overrule Roe v. Wade , will set aside their personal opposition to abortion and read EMTALA to do what it actually says.

Will you support Vox today?

We believe that everyone deserves to understand the world that they live in. That kind of knowledge helps create better citizens, neighbors, friends, parents, and stewards of this planet. Producing deeply researched, explanatory journalism takes resources. You can support this mission by making a financial gift to Vox today. Will you join us?

We accept credit card, Apple Pay, and Google Pay. You can also contribute via

Next Up In Supreme Court

Sign up for the newsletter today, explained.

Understand the world with a daily explainer plus the most compelling stories of the day.

Thanks for signing up!

Check your inbox for a welcome email.

Oops. Something went wrong. Please enter a valid email and try again.

Ukraine aid and a potential TikTok ban: What’s in the House’s new $95 billion bill

The Supreme Court doesn’t seem eager to get involved with homelessness policy

Drake vs. everyone, explained

On Earth Day, Vox Releases Home Planet, A Project Highlighting the Personal Dimensions of Climate Change in our Daily Lives

Do you need to worry about “forever chemicals”?

Donald Trump already won the only Supreme Court fight that mattered

• Share full article

Advertisement

Supported by

Guest Essay

A Planetary Crisis Awaits the Next President

By Stephen Markley

Mr. Markley is a novelist.

In the 12 years it took me to write “The Deluge,” my novel of the climate crisis, I watched as chaotic weather, record temperatures and shocking political events outpaced my imagination. The book depicts the human tipping point, when the damage becomes irreversible and the foundations of our economy, our politics and our world begin to crack. The plot points I was concocting in 2010 would become a constant drumbeat of headlines into 2024.

Last year alone, the warning signs included soaring ocean temperatures, a record loss of Antarctic sea ice and the highest global average temperature in recorded human history. Wildfires, droughts, floods and extreme weather of every variety have come to shock even the scientists who study the shocking stuff. This is not the history we want to be living through.

Yet here we are, and those gears of history will grind together again this year as another presidential election meets our permanent emergency. The stakes of the climate crisis render the cliché of “This is the most important election of our lifetimes” increasingly true because every four years those stakes climb precipitously alongside the toppling records of a radically new climatic regime.

The White House may soon be recaptured by Donald Trump, who called the climate crisis a “hoax” and even when backing off that assertion insisted , “I don’t know that it’s man-made.” He has demonstrated his thinking again and again, as when he told a scientist , “It’ll start getting cooler, you just watch.”

There has recently been a great deal of reporting on Project 2025 , a 900-plus-page road map for a second Trump administration assembled by the conservative Heritage Foundation. On climate, the report is succinct: “The Biden administration’s climate fanaticism will need a whole-of-government unwinding.”

The report recommends a repeal of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act, which would shred the tax credits that have led to hundreds of billions of dollars in investments in clean energy, the jump-starting of factory openings and the creation of jobs in virtually every corner of the country. Also lost will be investments in environmental justice, those measures that aim to reduce pollution in marginalized communities, provide affordable clean energy and create jobs in low-income neighborhoods. As for electric cars, which are critical to meeting the nation’s climate goals, the report recommends an end to all federal mandates and subsidies.

A second Trump administration would most likely grant permits for fossil fuel drilling and pipelines basically anywhere it has the say-so, scrap the methane fee on oil and gas producers and dismantle new pollution limits on cars, trucks and power plants. It would almost certainly revoke California’s waiver to approve higher standards under the Clean Air Act, seek repeal of the Antiquities Act used to protect endangered landscapes and attempt to gut the Endangered Species Act.

But perhaps most ominously, a Trump presidency would impede Americans’ ability to find out what’s being done to them. Project 2025 proposes dismantling and privatizing parts of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, a federal agency that studies and monitors the climate, and using an executive order to “reshape” the Global Change Research Program, apparently to muddy its assessments of the pace of climate change and the potential impact. We would walk into this new dark era with a blindfold on.

Mr. Trump is at heart a billionaire doing favors for other billionaires by cutting their taxes and eliminating or not enforcing rules that protect the rest of us from asthma and cancer. During his four years in office, he managed to dismantle or degrade over 100 environmental rules, which brought real-world death and suffering. The medical journal The Lancet estimated that in the year 2019 alone these policies led to 22,000 excess deaths from heart disease, asthma and lung cancer, among other causes.

For all the damage that was done, Mr. Trump and his administration fortunately proved incompetent at making the government fulfill his intentions. We shouldn’t delude ourselves with thinking that he and his allies will be caught as flatfooted as they were by their surprise victory in 2016. What Project 2025 demonstrates is that an enormous amount of thinking has gone in to how to destroy the government’s capacity to enforce environmental protections, conduct research or even assess the scientific reality of our situation. Of course, the worst-case scenario, a full or partial repeal of the Inflation Reduction Act, will depend on the composition of Congress.

My advice is to not tell yourself comforting bedtime stories about the political resiliency of that law when so many of its benefits lie in the years ahead.

One can hold up a document like Project 2025 and shout from the rooftops just how extreme it is. One can attempt to use numbers to describe this danger. But everyone will fall short — and, surely, I’ve fallen short — in describing just how frightening a second Trump presidency could actually be.

Do not limit your imagination.

Mr. Trump himself offered a glimpse in a recent meeting with oil and gas executives at Mar-a-Lago, where, The Washington Post reported, he said, “I hate wind.” He also told the executives that they should contribute to his campaign, that his policies would be much better for oil and gas than President Biden’s and that he’d do much of what they wanted “on Day 1.”

History will fork, and in a single day our window of opportunity for keeping the climate crisis from spiraling out of control could very well slam shut. Global emissions must peak this decade and begin a rapid decline for the world to have any chance of avoiding catastrophic warming. When I began writing my novel, we had something like 20 years to accomplish that task. After the election, we will have 62 months.

This makes the 2024 election a singular event in the climate crisis. Despite a number of headwinds, renewable energy capacity boomed last year, increasing 50 percent globally. According to the International Energy Agency, global renewable capacity is on course to be at two and a half times current levels by 2030, which means the world is edging closer to achieving a key climate target of tripling renewable energy capacity by 2030. The risks of the crisis are growing rapidly, but so is our capacity to confront this challenge at the speed and scale necessary. We must accelerate that momentum at all costs.

The other major candidate in the race, President Biden, has been a steadfast proponent of that acceleration.

I fully admit, Mr. Biden was not my first, nor even my seventh, choice in the 2020 Democratic primary. Yet when it came to the immense challenge of confronting this crisis, I am forever grateful that he proved me wrong, delivering a game-changing victory with the narrowest of congressional margins. Even as much of the rest of Mr. Biden’s ambitious policy agenda got hacked away in Congress, one thing remained: re-industrialization through clean energy investment.

This led to the passage of the Inflation Reduction Act, the most significant climate legislation the country has ever seen and a more important achievement than the Paris climate accord. In just two years, that bill has galvanized clean energy investment in the United States and set a pace for the rest of the world to compete in the growing clean energy economy. These investments are expected to create more than nine million jobs over the next decade. That growth in clean energy is not only breaking records by the year but also by the quarter, with the end of 2023 seeing a 40 percent increase in investments in clean energy and transportation over the last quarter of 2022.

As those industries of decarbonization spread to every state and to many congressional districts, people’s lives and livelihoods increasingly will become intertwined and invested in clean energy. When a Texas congressman can’t survive an election in a solidly Republican district without the backing of the wind and solar industries, when a battery factory in Hardin County, Ky ., is employing 5,000 people, when the fossil fuel economy is falling to the zero-carbon infrastructure we demand, that will change a politician’s calculations. The increasing political and economic clout of those clean energy industries will challenge the fossil fuel status quo. We are at the beginning of an absolute revolution of the American economy that will send manufacturing soaring and pollution plummeting.

Any climate hawk could try to encumber my argument with caveats, unaddressed pet issues and whatabouts, but as far as our shared atmosphere is concerned, there are only three pieces of relevant information: who Joe Biden is, who Donald Trump is, and the urgency of the crisis before us. While it’s true the United States continues to produce record amounts of fossil gas and near-record amounts of oil, these numbers reflect the all-of-the-above energy policies of the past 15 years. The Inflation Reduction Act and several critical regulations from Mr. Biden’s Environmental Protection Agency will drive the decarbonization that should put us within striking distance of our Paris climate agreement target by 2030, something that seemed unfathomable four years ago.

It’s worth dissecting how we achieved such progress. This stunning victory was made possible only by Stacey Abrams’s tenacious work in Georgia to flip two U.S. Senate seats in 2020, giving Mr. Biden a Senate majority on top of a House majority (which he narrowly lost in 2022).

Work is also underway on the state and local levels. In the last four years, Democrats have led efforts in Colorado, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan and Washington to pass ambitious climate laws when voters demanded it. In major cities, we see aggressive action like Minneapolis’s Climate Equity Plan and Chicago’s push to end natural gas hookups for new construction.

From small cities like Athens, Ohio, which has a citywide carbon fee , to high school students campaigning for solar panels and electric buses, citizens can drive the movement to electrify everything and crush demand for fossil fuels. State public utility commissions remain ignored players with their hands on the controls of enormous amounts of carbon, ripe for campaigns to elect or appoint climate-oriented members. Whether we’re voting for president or state legislator or dogcatcher, we should vote for a dogcatcher who recognizes the imperative of the climate crisis.

The lesson being that the only thing that has worked, and must continue to work, is democracy at every level. None of us have the option to be cynical, to disdain electoral politics or to pretend we’re not making a distinct moral choice when voting for a third-party candidate or sitting out an election.

Right now, this means electing Democrats. The expiration of many of the Trump tax cuts in 2025 could create the leverage to push climate efforts even farther. We must look at this election and understand that it’s now or never — that we can create the opportunity for the United States to smash past its emission reduction goals and spur the rest of the world to follow. The climate movement can either fight like hell for Mr. Biden’s re-election or watch as Mr. Trump and his allies set fire to the planet.

Climate is not just another issue. I do not deny that we live in a complex and precarious world or that our consciences are torn by a web of domestic challenges and geopolitical upheavals. But we are in denial if we do not recognize that this is the crisis that will define this century, and if we fail, the entire human future. Our fossil fuel system is driving the planet to a set of conditions that humanity has never experienced, where even the imagination of novelists will fail us.

And yet the climate crisis is also the foundation on which we can build a more just, equitable and prosperous world. Every election is precious, every ballot we cast a moral record of what we did in this crucial historical moment. Do not sit on your hands, do not deny the stakes, do not waste that vote.

Stephen Markley is the author of “The Deluge” and “Ohio: A Novel.”

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

Follow the New York Times Opinion section on Facebook , Instagram , TikTok , WhatsApp , X and Threads .

More From Forbes

Nyt ‘connections’ hints and answers for friday, april 19.

• Share to Facebook
• Share to Twitter
• Share to Linkedin

Find the links between the words to win today's game of Connections.

Looking for Thursday’s Connections hints and answers? You can find them here:

Happy Friday, one and all! The weekend’s within touching distance. I can almost taste it. I wager it’ll be a pretty low key one for me but I’ll try to make the most of it in any case. For one thing, I do really need to see Civil War.

Anyway, today’s NYT Connections hints and answers are coming right up.

Update: I initially reused yesterday’s clues, groups and answers here. My mistake. Apologies for the error!

How To Play Connections

In Connections , you’re presented with a grid of 16 words. Your task is to arrange them into four groups of four by figuring out the links between them. The groups could be things like horror movie franchises, a type of verb or rappers.

First Images Of Helldivers 2’s Illuminate Alien Enemies Emerge

Bitcoin halving triggers unprecedented crypto chaos as price suddenly surges, worst cars of 2024 according to consumer reports.

There’s only one solution for each puzzle, and you’ll need to be careful when it comes to words that might fit into more than one category. You can shuffle the words to perhaps help you see links between them.

Each group is color coded. The yellow group is usually the easiest to figure out, blue and green fall in the middle, and the purple group is typically the hardest one to deduce. The purple group often involves wordplay, so bear that in mind.

Select four words you think go together and press Submit. If you make a guess and you’re incorrect, you’ll lose a life. If you’re close to having a correct group, you might see a message telling you that you’re one word away from getting it right, but you’ll still need to figure out which one to swap.

If you make four mistakes, it’s game over. Let’s make sure that doesn’t happen with the help of some hints, and, if you’re really struggling, today’s Connections answers.

What Are Today’s Connections Hints?

Scroll slowly! Just after the hints for each of today’s Connections groups, I’ll reveal what the groups are without immediately telling you which words go into them.

Today’s 16 words are:

And the hints for today’s groups are:

• Yellow group — affix with something sticky
• Green group — contents of a book or magazine
• Blue group — shine bright, like Rihanna would suggest
• Purple group — top grade

What Are Today’s Connections Groups?

Need some extra help?

Be warned: we’re starting to get into spoiler territory.

Today’s groups are...

• Yellow group — attach with adhesive
• Green group — published lines
• Blue group — diamond qualities
• Purple group — A-____

What Are Today’s Connections Answers?

Spoiler alert! Don’t scroll any further down the page until you’re ready to find out today’s Connections answers.

This is your final warning!

Today’s Connections answers are...

• Yellow group — attach with adhesive (ADHERE, GLUE, PASTE, STICK)
• Green group — published lines (COPY, TEXT, WORDS, WRITING)
• Blue group — diamond qualities (CARAT, CLARITY, COLOR, CUT)
• Purple group — A-____ (LIST, OK, PLUS, ROD)

Bleh. My nine-game winning streak is over.

My first mistake came when I tried a group of CUT, PASTE, COPY and OK out of the gate. No dice. But then I figured out the greens and the yellows.

From there, it was pretty much game over. I thought there might have been a group of "____ price" words due to LIST, CUT and ROD (i.e. the late Foghat guitarist) but no such luck. No other word made sense with those. A few random guesses later, and it was game, set and match.

I'm not familiar enough with gemstones to have picked up on the blues, but CARAT and CLARITY should have given me an inkling. I probably should have figured out the purples, though.

That’s all there is to it for today’s Connections clues and answers. Be sure to check my blog for hints and the solution for Saturday’s game if you need them.

P.S. It's the third installment of a mini column I’m currently calling British bands Kris listened to a lot while growing up — I'm still working on that title.

I won't lie, this band didn't really stand the test of time (especially given that they have a terrible name for SEO). But every once in a while, this song worms its way back into my brain and I can't help but listen to it with the volume cranked. Fair warning, it's pretty loud right from the jump:

• Editorial Standards
• Reprints & Permissions

• April 18 2024

Not up for argument

Below you will find the solution for: Not up for argument 7 Little Words which contains 11 Letters.

Not up for argument 7 Little Words

Since you already solved the clue Not up for argument which had the answer UNDEBATABLE, you can simply go back at the main post to check the other daily crossword clues. You can do so by clicking the link here 7 Little Words April 18 2024

Related Clues

Latest Clues

Latest bonus answers, 7 little words answers in your inbox.

Get the daily 7 Little Words Answers straight into your inbox absolutely FREE!

‘RHOSLC’ Star Mary Cosby Called Lisa Barlow’s 12-Year-Old Son the ‘R Word’ During Heated Fight!

Mary Cosby reportedly referred to Lisa Barlow’s 12-year-old son, Henry, using a derogatory term during a heated argument while filming Season 5 of The Real Housewives of Salt Lake City .

According to multiple exclusive sources speaking to Page Six , the offensive comment occurred during a heated altercation among the women earlier this month.

The source noted that Lisa Barlow’s fellow cast members, including Heather Gay , Whitney Rose , Meredith Marks , and Angie Katsanevas , were disturbed by Mary Cosby’s involvement in the argument. “The entire cast… was beyond grossed out” by Mary’s purported use of the slur, the source elaborated.

Another insider stressed that Lisa Barlow , the Vida Tequila businesswoman, was deeply upset by the incident involving her 12-year-old son, Henry, affectionately known as “Baby Gorgeous.” Lisa shares Henry and his older sibling, Jack, 19, with her husband, John Barlow .

However, a third source informed the outlet that Lisa and Mary  have resolved their dispute, highlighting that both women are presently filming for a cast trip in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico.

“They made amends over the situation and are moving on,” the insider revealed.

The reason behind Mary’s reported verbal altercation with Lisa’s youngest child remains unclear, and it’s uncertain whether the incident will be featured when “RHOSLC” returns to Bravo.

Mary has a track record of making controversial remarks on camera.

During the 2021 season of RHOSLC Season 2, she infamously referred to series alum Jen Shah, who was later convicted of wire fraud and money laundering, as a “Mexican thug.”

Following the incident, Mary issued an apology to Shah, who is of Tongan and Hawaiian descent, through a statement posted on her Instagram Story.

“I would like to take this opportunity to address a comment I made on the last episode of ‘RHOSLC.’ I used poor judgment in my choice of words. Please accept my apologies,” Mary wrote at the time.

“I was not trying to single out the Mexican culture. I am African American and I know racism first hand,” she continued while adding her words were “reckless.”

Mary faced criticism for making another racially insensitive comment just a month after referring to Jen Shah as a “Mexican thug.” During a luncheon with fellow Season 2 cast member Jennie Nguyen , who is of Vietnamese descent, Cosby remarked, “I like your slanted eyes.” Jennie  expressed her surprise and discomfort in a confessional, saying, “What the hell? Did Mary just say she likes my slanted eyes? Does she not know it’s inappropriate?”

Instead of apologizing, Mary doubled down on her remarks about Jennie’s eyes, insisting that she meant it as a compliment and didn’t intend any harm. However, her explanation didn’t quell criticism. Beyond these incidents, Mary , who is famously married to her step-grandfather, Robert Cosby Sr. , has faced accusations of running her Faith Temple Pentecostal Church like a “cult.” Former parishioners detailed alleged misconduct in a shocking September 2021 exposé by the Daily Beast.

Former parishioners accused Mary of pressuring them to empty their bank accounts for the church while living lavishly herself. They claimed she intimidated members by warning them they’d be “condemned to hell” if they ever left. However, Cosby has vehemently denied these allegations. She addressed the accusations in an interview with Entertainment Tonight in January 2022, stating, “Clearly I’m not gonna get on national television, be a ‘Housewife’ and be in a cult.”

Mary dismissed the allegations, asserting, “Like, come on. I believe in my church. There’s no cult. My church members, they know those are false allegations. Those are ridiculous. It’s the people that are looking for fault.” She joined the original RHOSLC cast when it premiered in 2020 and maintained her full-time status through Season 2.

After skipping that year’s reunion, she didn’t participate in Season 3 but rejoined the franchise as a “friend of” the cast for Season 4. The capacity in which she has filmed for Season 5 has not yet been announced.

The Real Housewives of Salt Lake City is available to stream on Peacock.

Stay Connected With All About The Tea: Twitter Ι Instagram Ι YouTube Ι Facebook Ι Send Us Tips

Avigail is an Entertainment blogger at All About The Tea, who specializes in The Real Housewives of Atlanta and The Real Housewives of Potomac. Avigail has a background in marketing. She’s a Brooklynite living in the Bahamas, with a passion for travel, writing, reality TV watching, pop culture and spoken word.